CN100358419C - Moisture-proof safe smoke agent composition and its prepn - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a new safe moisture-proof smoke composition for agricultural chemicals and a preparation method thereof. The smoke composition is composed of the following components by portion in weight: 12 to 45 portions of main agent, 22 to 35 portions of combustion promoting agent and 30 to 40 portions of fuel, wherein the combustion promoting agents are selected from one or the mixture of ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium perchlorate and potassium permanganate, and the fuel is selected from one or the mixture of core cores, dust of cow feces, straws and sugarcane dregs. The preparation method for the smoke composition comprises the steps of sieving, pulverization, drying, mixing and packaging. The smoke composition has the advantages of bag packaging, good safety, no self-combustion in the process of preparation, storage, transportation and use, simple and practical packaging, low cost, easy use, good safety to medicine application personnel, simple production device, simple and practical technique, wood saving, wide source of auxiliary materials and low price; the smoke composition effectively isolates products from contacting outer water and is favorable to environmental protection, and the fuel is selected from byproducts in agricultural production and leftover materials.

Description

Moistureproof safety-type fumicants composition and method of making the same

Technical field:

The present invention relates to the moistureproof safe fumicants composition and method of making the same of a kind of novel agrochemical.

Background technology:

Fumicants is a kind of pesticides new formulation that is used to prevent and treat protection ground disease.Be characterized in medicament evenly being released to each position of crop and being full of corners, space, protection ground such as plastic tunnel, greenhouse with particulate (diameter 0.3-2 micron) in the mode of being fuming.

General agricultural insecticidal, sterilization fumicants are made up of host (being pesticide original medicine), chemical heating agent (comprising oxidant and fuel as combustion adjuvant) and adjuvant.Good fumicants should become cigarette rate height, easy to use, raw material is easy to get, cost is low.

If it is improper that the oxidant of fumicants is selected, or be difficult to into cigarette, or spontaneous combustion phenomenon on fire easily takes place.The stronger oxidants (as Chinese patent 1337155A with chlorates such as potassium chlorate) that use in the prior art fumicants, very easy generation " spontaneous combustion " accident on fire has brought great difficulty and obstacle for production, storing and the application of fumicants more.

In addition, fumicants is problem such as easy moisture absorption when preserving summer, has seriously influenced effective use of fumicants.Be head it off, the fumicants packaged by plastic film of prior art, again with work durm or with carton box as external packing, packing cost is higher.

The fumicants of prior art often need be lighted spill, lead-in wire etc. in use, so or when Production and Packaging, be provided with lead-in wire, cause technology of the package more numerous; Plug spill, lead-in wire etc. when perhaps using temporarily and refire, it is not too convenient to use, and easily " spontaneous combustion " accident on fire takes place.As Chinese patent 1337155A and Chinese patent CN2458305Y is that one or both ends with the fumicants body are provided with ignition powder, lead-in wire is arranged in the slotted eye of ignition powder then, and packing into has the cylindric carton box external packing of through hole, uses the time point combustion wire.

How fuel in the fumicants of prior art derive from the material of timber with wood powder, charcoal etc.Protect trees owing to all advocate in the worldwide at present, reduce and use timber, not only price is higher to use this fuel, also is unfavorable for environmental protection.

Summary of the invention:

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: be difficult for taking place spontaneous combustion pesticide smoke on fire when 1, a kind of production, storage, use are provided; 2, preserve under the weather conditions of humidity not can the moisture absorption for this fumicants; 3, this fumicants production technology is easy, with low cost; 4, the fuel in the fumicants does not use the timber source, to reduce cost the protection environment; 5, packing is simple, easy to use.

According to above-mentioned requirements, the moistureproof safe fumicants composite formula of agricultural chemicals provided by the invention is (weight portion):

Host: combustion adjuvant: fuel=12～45: 22～35: 30～40

Described combustion adjuvant is selected from ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium perchlorate, the potassium permanganate one or more;

Described fuel is selected from corncob, cow dung end, stalk, the bagasse one or more, uses after making powdery.

Described host is the various agricultural chemicals that can become cigarette, as SP 751011, dichlorvos, tpn, different third fear, Deltamethrin etc.

Can also include other filler in the prescription of fumicants composition provided by the invention as adjuvant, adjuvant is selected from inert substances such as bentonite, diatomite, gets final product with industrial crude product.Its amount ratio is (weight portion):

Host: combustion adjuvant: fuel: adjuvant=12～45: 22～35: 30～40: 2～6

Fumicants composition provided by the invention is a powdery.

Fumicants composition provided by the invention external packing is a bag type package, and product is used paper bag packing earlier, again with plastic film wrapped.Also can directly use plastic film wrapped.Using method is to need not to remove unlap, need not twist with the fingers, and naked light is directly lighted packaging bag and got final product for one jiao.

Described plastic foil is a polyethylene film etc.

The technological process of above-mentioned fumicants composition is: screening-pulverizing-oven dry-mixing-packing, adopt moistureproof, anti-spontaneous combustion measure in the production process.The concrete operations step is:

1, sieve respectively and handle various raw materials, remove wherein foreign material, iron content foreign material especially, in case metal object is brought into, it is on fire to avoid iron and pulverizing, mixing apparatus to bump;

2, various raw materials are pulverized separately, collision is on fire when avoiding different auxiliary agents to pulverize together;

3, the raw material of above-mentioned pulverizing are dried,, avoid moisture absorption caking to remove moisture;

4, after being measured respectively, various raw materials mix;

5, the examination and test of products;

6, product is packed into paper bag reinstalls the polyethylene film packaging bag, seals.

Fumicants composition to the present invention's development has carried out following detection and test:

1, fumicants composition toxicity detects

1) acute toxic test result: measure through labour health protection research institute of China Preventive Medicial Science Institute, fumicants composition of the present invention is to suck median lethal dose LD to big white mouse per os acute toxic test result ₅₀＞2000 milligrams/cubic metre, belong to low-toxin farm chemicals.

2) determination of residual amount in cucumber: detect through Beijing City Agriculture and Forestry Institute plant protection environmental protection, meeting maximum magnitude (MRL) is the standard of 2 mg/kg.

2, the safety of fumicants composition detects

Through Beijing Institute of Technology's department of chemistry engineering according to military standard and civil standards, fumicants impact sensitivity test, 50 ℃ of heat stabilization tests in 14 days, 80 ℃ of 48 hours heat runs, differential thermal decomposition run and self-ignition point testing experiment etc. below 500 ℃ have been carried out, measurement result is the safety-type fumicants, and every index meets safety standards.

3, fumicants composition storage test

Carried out 54 ± 2 ℃ of two all heat stabilization test of fumicants and summer storage test more, proved that fumicants of the present invention preserves in warehouse or simple and easy storehouse, under the environmental condition of summer high temperature, can the moisture absorption, be safe.

4, humidity resistance experimental study: result of the test shows that fumicants of the present invention under high temperature (34 ± 0.5 ℃), high humidity (90 ± 2%) condition, has good humidity resistance.

5, fumicants composition field control effectiveness test:

The result shows that this fumicants composition is to the multiple insect pest of protection ground vegetables; as vegetable aphid, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood adult, gray mold of cucumber, graw mold of tomato, cucumber downy mildew, powdery mildew of cucumber, cladosporium leaf and fruit mould of tomato, late blight etc. good control efficiency is arranged; its field efficacy can reach more than 80%, and wherein the ddvp smoke agent field efficacy can reach 95%～100%.

The present invention's beneficial effect against existing technologies is:

Safety is good, in preparation, storing and the process used, and can spontaneous combustion;

Fuel used is corncob, cow dung end, stalk, bagasse etc. from agricultural production by product and offcuts, and cost is low, saves timber, is beneficial to environmental protection;

Used auxiliary material is land plaster, kaolin, bentonite, diatomite, and wide material sources get final product with industrial crude product, and are cheap;

Pack simplely, with low cost, insulation product contacts with outside moisture effectively;

Easy to use, to the dispenser personal security;

Production equipment is uncomplicated, and is simple for process, reduces environmental pollution.

Embodiment:

Embodiment 1

Fumicants composite formula 1 (weight portion): 20 parts of SP 751011s, 22 parts in ammonium nitrate, 40 parts of corncobs, 5 parts of bentonites

Preparation technology:

1, every kind of raw material is sieved respectively, remove wherein foreign material;

2, adopt comminution by gas stream and supporting mixing apparatus, respectively various raw materials are pulverized;

3, in the special fireproof drying room, the raw material of pulverizing are dried, to removing moisture;

4, various raw materials are measured respectively after, put into efficient mixer and mix;

5, product is through after the assay was approved, and the paper bag of packing into reinstalls the polyethylene film packaging bag, seals.

The prescription (weight portion) of embodiment 2～12 fumicants compositions is as follows:

Embodiment	Host	Oxidant	Fuel	Adjuvant
					2	SP 751011 12	Potassium nitrate 25	Corncob 35	Kaolin 4
3	SP 751011 15	Ammonium nitrate 10, potassium nitrate 12	Powder of straw 40	Diatomite 3
					4	SP 751011 15	Ammonium nitrate 25	Give birth to excrement end 20 bagasse 20	-
5	Dichlorvos 25	Potassium nitrate 25	Corncob 30	Kaolin 2
					6	Dichlorvos 27	Ammonium nitrate 30	Corncob 32	Diatomite 3
7	Dichlorvos 20	Ammonium nitrate 15, potassium nitrate 15	Cow dung end 20 bagasse 15	Bentonite 5
					8	Dichlorvos 22	Ammonium nitrate 35	Powder of straw 35	-
9	Tpn 31	Ammonium nitrate 30	Corncob 32	Diatomite 3
					10	Tpn 25	Potassium nitrate 25	Corncob 30	Kaolin 2
11	Tpn 35	Ammonium nitrate 10, potassium nitrate 15	Cow dung end 20 bagasse 20	Bentonite 6
					12	Tpn 45	Ammonium nitrate 35	Powder of straw 40	-

Embodiment 2～12 fumicants preparation of compositions technologies are with embodiment 1.

Following experimental example is the physical property that SP 751011 fumicants composition, ddvp smoke agent composition, the safe fumicants composition of three kinds of protection against the tide of chlorothalonil smoke composition are carried out and the project and the method for quality index test.

Experimental example 1 combustion rate is measured

Method: behind the fumicants composition burn, weigh, calculate the ratio that fumicants weight deducts ash content weight and fumicants weight after the burning.

Experimental example 2 security tests

Method: the packed fumicants of 100 grams is put into CS101-A type Constant Temp. Oven and electro-heating standing-temperature cultivator (model HH.B11-600), under 80 ± 1 ℃ of situations, observed its dieseling in continuous 7 days; Under 50 ± 1 ℃ of situations, observed its dieseling in continuous 90 days.

Experimental example 3 stable determination tests

Random sampling from fumicants composition trial product, every sample are got 100 grams and are put into 54 ± 2 ℃ of climatic chambers, and the heat storage was taken out after 14 days, the content of effective ingredient before and after storing with gas chromatograph for determination, and calculate resolution ratio.

Experimental example 4 moisture determinations

The water content of fumicants is lighted difficulty or ease with fumicants, and it is dense white to be fuming, and impulse force and time length have substantial connection, if water content is too much, can't light, and have a strong impact on fumicants quality quality.

Testing instruments: azeotropic method hydro-tester.

Method: azeotropic method

Take by weighing sample 20g (claiming accurate) and put into flask, add 100ml benzene, connect flask and other device then to 0.01g.Be heated to and boil.Continue boiling and become clear (per second backflow 2-3 drips) until distillate.When the volume of water no longer increases to recipient, keep 10 minutes again after, stop the heating.With 50ml benzene flushing condenser, till not having the globule to fall, the cooling room temperature.

The percentage composition of the moisture in the sample (X) is calculated as follows.

$X=\frac{V\×\mathrm{Pt}\×100}{m}$

V in the formula---water layer volume in the recipient, ml;

M---sample is heavy, g;

Pt---temperature correction value.

Experimental example 5pH measures

Testing instruments: pH analyzer.

Method: pH meter method

Sample thief 10g puts into the 50ml beaker, adds 50ml distilled water, fully mixes, leaves standstill, and after waiting to precipitate, the glass electrode of wash clean and saturated calomel electrode is inserted in the beaker measure.Pointer changed when being no more than 0.1pH in two minutes, must be somebody's turn to do number and be the pH value of sample.

Experimental example 6 physicochemical properties

Through a series of test, fumicants composite formula of the present invention meets quality control index, safe and reliable (seeing the following form).

The mensuration of 7 one-tenth cigarette rates of experimental example

(1) instrument

Become the cigarette device

Gas chromatograph: day island proper Tianjin GC-9A type electron capture detector;

(2) operating procedure

1) collection of effective ingredient in the cigarette

Take by weighing 0.2g (accurately to 0.0001g) fumicants composition of the present invention in bottle, place in the round-bottomed flask, add 20ml dimethylbenzene absorption liquid in each absorption tube, engaging means, be heated to burning fuming (220-240 ℃) with the control-temperature electric heating cover, stop heating after 1-2 minute, cooling back provision for disengagement, and remaining residue bottle taken out from flask (for measure in the residue effective component content with), absorption liquid moves in the 250ml volumetric flask, with same absorption liquid washing round-bottomed flask, tube connector, absorption tube, cleaning solution are incorporated in the same volumetric flask, are settled to scale and treat that further the dilution back is measured.

2) selecting for use with the fumicants composition sample mensuration effective component content (assay method is the same) that becomes the cigarette rate to test same lot number is contrast.

3) preparation of fumicants residue effective component content solution

Fumicants is burnt into residual residue behind the cigarette, use the agent dissolves identical, the washing bottle with absorption liquid; Be filled in the volumetric flask, it is to be measured to be diluted to scale.

4) quantitative assay

With effective component content in the gas chromatography determination cigarette, external standard method is quantitative.

5) calculate

Measurement result is calculated as follows under above-mentioned chromatographic run condition

$\mathrm{Cx}=\frac{\mathrm{Hx}\·\mathrm{Cs}\·\mathrm{Qs}\·\mathrm{Vx}}{\mathrm{Hs}\·W\·\mathrm{QX}}\·P$

Cx---agricultural chemicals percentage composition (%) in the sample

Hx---peak height or peak area (mm or the mm of agricultural chemicals in the sample ²)

Cs---the concentration of agricultural chemicals (mg/kg) in the accurate solution

Qs---standard liquid sample size (microlitre)

Vx-sample constant volume (milliliter)

Hs---peak height or peak area (mm or the mm of agricultural chemicals in the standard liquid ²)

W---sample claims sample weight (gram)

The sample size of QX---sample solution (microlitre)

The percentage composition of P---standard sample of pesticide (%)

(3) result and discussion

It is as shown in the table for measurement result, becomes cigarette rate and residual rate to calculate recently calculating with effective component content in effective component content and the fumicants in effective component content and the residue in the cigarette absorption liquid.

The test of experimental example 8 fumicants composition self-ignition points:

Method of testing: IEC method.

Experimental example 9 fumicants composition Impact Sensitivity:

Test method: with the vertical instrument that drops hammer of WL-1 type, be 10 ± 0.02Kg weight, 250 ± 1mm drop height by military standard, the observation of bump fumicants composition has reactionless.

The result is: impact sensitivity is low, is safe insensitiveness medicament.

Experimental example 10 fumicants thermostability tests of the present invention:

Test method: take by weighing three bags of the fumicants of 100 gram packings, put into 80 ℃ of incubators of constant temperature, heated continuously 48 hours, observing has no change.Use the same method, 50 ℃ of constant temperature heat 14 days observation fumicants continuously no change again.

The result is:

1. store under 48 hours situations the color of fumicants of the present invention, smell, the equal no change of weight and do not have decomposing phenomenon at 80 ℃.

2. store under 14 days the situation at 50 ℃, fumicants of the present invention does not have weightlessness, no color, odorlessness variation and do not have decomposing phenomenon.

Experimental example 11 fumicants friction sense becomes test:

Test method: with MGY-1 type pendulum-type friction sensitivity instrument is that 90 pairs of fumicants of pivot angle carry out friction test, observes situation of change.

The result is: fumicants is misfired, and is pure sense medicament.

The test result of experimental example 1～11 sees following table for details:

SP 751011, dichlorvos, three kinds of protection against the tide safe fumicants composition physical properties of tpn and quality test results

Project	The control index	Measured result
					The SP 751011 fumicants	Chlorothalonil smoke	Ddvp smoke agent
		Ignition temperature	380 ± 20 ℃ of 100g fumicants	385				396	390
Be fuming the time	100g fumicants 6-12 branch				12	11	6
		Autoignition temperature	＞130(℃)	218±3				241±3	232±3
Combustion rate	(％)				85.7	85.8	84.2
		Become the cigarette rate	＞75％	89.5				86.2	77.9
Toxicity (LD 50)	＞500mg/m 3				＞2000	＞2000	＞2000
		Fineness	90% by 40 orders	Qualified				Qualified	Qualified
Residual quantity	＜2mg/kg				0.2735	0.2747	0.2954
		Water content	＜3％	2.0				1.5	2.0
54 ± 2 ℃ of storages	14 days resolution ratio＜5%				1.89	4.85	-
		PH value	6-9	6.0				6.1	6.0
Light phenomenon					Once light with match, dense smoke white has certain impulse force, in the process of being fuming, does not produce naked light and Mars
		The residue ember		Residue is loose, and ember does not appear in the adularescent powder in 30 minutes slightly

Safety testing

80 ± 1 ℃ of not spontaneous combustions in 7 days, 50 ± 1 ℃ of not spontaneous combustions in 90 days

Experimental example 12 fumicants differential thermal analyses test:

Test method:, measure suction, the heat release variation after the material of surveying is heated and endotherm peak temperature occurs with the differential thermal analyzer of CDR-1 type.

The result is: in the 0-500 ℃ of scope, the secondary endothermic peak appears in no exothermic peak, and it the results are shown in following table.

Three kinds of fumicants differential thermal analysis results

The fumicants title	First endothermic peak	Second endothermic peak
			The SP 751011 fumicants	229.5℃	348.5℃
Ddvp smoke agent	245.7℃	352.5℃
			Chlorothalonil smoke	177.5℃	246.5℃

The experiment of experimental example 13 fumicants packaging moistureproof Performance Detection

One, experiment material:

1. 10% SP 751011 fumicants

2. 30% chlorothalonil smoke

3. 22% ddvp smoke agent

Two, humidity resistance detection method:

1. the making of Constant Temperature and Humidity Chambers:

In airtight drier, put one glass of saturated ammonium chloride (analyzing pure) solution, and drier is placed insulating box, keep uniform temperature (34 ± 0.5 ℃), make Constant Temperature and Humidity Chambers.

2. method of operating:

Per 20 grams of fumicants are adorned a paper bag, add the plastic film sealing, weigh, put into Constant Temperature and Humidity Chambers, each is handled and repeats 3 times, weighs calculating moisture absorption ratio (%) respectively at the 3rd, 7,14 day.

3. the computational methods of moisture absorption ratio:

Result and analysis

Paper bag packing adds plastic film fumicants moisture absorption ratio test result (test site Beijing)

The fumicants title	Weight (gram) before the storage	Store back three days		Store back seven days		Storage back fortnight
								Weight (gram)	Moisture absorption ratio (%)	Weight (gram)	Moisture absorption ratio (%)	Weight (gram)	Moisture absorption ratio (%)
		Ddvp smoke agent	21.29	21.426	0.64	22.520	1.08							21.707	1.96
The SP 751011 fumicants	21.45							21.590	0.67	21.853	1.88	21.023	2.67
		Chlorothalonil smoke	21.37	21.494	0.58	21.577	0.97							21.819	2.10

The result as seen, the utility model fumicants was preserved 14 days under hot and humid (90 ± 2%) condition, moistureproof rate all is lower than 3%, fumicants is described with after the plastic film sealing, humidity resistance is good.

Experimental example 14 SP 751011 fumicants control gray mold of cucumber field control effectiveness test

One, reagent agent

1. SP 751011 fumicants of the present invention

2. 30% chlorothalonil smoke: farm, southern suburbs, Beijing fumicants processing factory

3. 50% SP 751011 wetting powder: (commercially available, the import agricultural chemicals is the packing of Beijing means of production company)

Two, test greenhouse basic condition:

Experimental field be located in the greenhouse, farm, southern suburbs, Beijing.Arrange greenhouses for fumigation with 4, every row greenhouse is a processing, and cucumber variety is that Changchun is close perverse.The field is according to the Routine Management way.

Investigation method, every row greenhouse adopts 5 sampling methods, and the sick melon of every strain (bar) number is checked in every 10 strain totally 50 strains before the fumigation, and mark or excision.Carried out fumigation at dusk the same day, spraying was investigated emerging sick melon (bar) number in 10 days with manual 16 type knapsack sprayers after the dispenser, calculated control efficiency behind the medicine.

Three, result and analysis

Result of the test (for details see attached table) shows that the SP 751011 fumicants obviously is better than 1000 times of liquid of 50% SP 751011 wetting powder to gray mold of cucumber.This can be uniformly distributed in pesticide molecule each corner, protection ground mainly due to smog, and has reduced indoor humidity and suppressed the cause that germ spreads.Promote to demonstrate according to test and large-area applications, with every mu be 0.36 kilogram with the fumicants amount, prevent and treat more satisfactoryly, and crop safety do not had poisoning.

SP 751011 fumicants control gray mold of cucumber field control effectiveness test

The fumicants title	Fumicants consumption kilogram/mu	Sick melon number (bar) before the medicine	Ten days sick melons (bar) behind the medicine	The sick melon rate (%) that goes down	Preventive effect (%)
						Fumicants 30% chlorothalonil smoke 50% SP 751011 wetting powder contrast of the present invention (clear water)	0.35 0.35 1000 times-	308 250 120 49	38 48 43 74	87.7 80.8 64.2 -51.0	91.1 87.3 76.3 -

Experimental example 15 ddvp smoke agents control melon aphid field control effectiveness test

One, reagent agent

1. ddvp smoke agent of the present invention

2. 80% DDT EC is commercially available, Tianjin insecticide factory product.

Two, for studying thing and controlling object

1. for studying thing: cucumber (kind is close thorn series).

2. controlling object: melon aphid (Aphisgossypii Glocer).

Three, test method:

1. experimental field reach the crop situation:

Experimental field being located at farm, southern suburbs, Beijing heats in the greenhouse.It during test cucumber growth mid-term.The soil medium fertility, normal management.Aphid is an abiogenesis melon aphid, and harm is serious.

2. chemicals treatment and field trial design

1. the dosage of every mu of each fumigation of fumicants is respectively 300 grams, 400 grams and 500 grams.

2. 80% DDT EC is 1000 times of liquid sprayings.

3. blank sprays clear water.Test is located in the 5 row greenhouses to be carried out, and every row greenhouse is a processing, totally 5 processing.

3. fumigation and investigation method: each handles investigation insect population radix before fumigation, in fumigation in following man-hour the dusk, every row greenhouse adopts 5 sampling methods, every 4 strain totally 20 strains, each investigation in 1,3,5 day once behind the fumigation, the record borer population of living calculates go down rate and compare with blank of insect population according to the each point borer population of living, with Abbott formula calculation correction preventive effect.

Four, result and analysis

Result of the test (seeing Table) shows that fumicants can reach the 97.5%～99.4%, three day to three kinds of dosage medicines of melon aphid insect population rate of going down one day after can reach 100%.First day the insect population rate of going down of 1000 times of liquid of 80% DDT EC is 86.3%, the 3rd day is 95.8%, the timely effect of fumigation is higher by 9.9～13.0% than spray effect, because the smog molecular energy evenly disperses to be full of whole greenhouse (canopy) to agricultural chemicals rapidly, and the contact polypide made its death when fumigation was described.

Every mu of fumicants amount of fumigation can be used aborning with 300 gram/mus, and crop is not had poisoning.If greenhouse (canopy) is taller and bigger, can according to volume calculate with the fumicants amount what, every mu increases to some extent with the fumicants amount.

Ddvp smoke agent control melon aphid field control effectiveness test result (farm, southern suburbs, test site Beijing)

Pesticide name	Fumicants consumption (gram/mu)	Insect population radix (head/hundred strains)	Medicine one day after			Behind the medicine three days
									Worm (head) lives	Insect population go down (%)	Proofread and correct preventive effect (%)	Worm (head) lives	Insect population go down (%)	Proofread and correct preventive effect (%)
			22% ddvp smoke agent	300	385	80	97.2	97.5							0	100	100
400	1655	20							98.8	98.9	0	100	100
				500	2280	15	99.3	99.4						0	100	100
80% DDT EC	1000 times	3065							420	86.3	87.6	130	95.8				97.6
			Blank	-	1890	2090	-10.6	-						2680	-41.8	-

Experimental example 16 chlorothalonil smokes control cucumber downy mildew field control effectiveness test

One, reagent agent

1. chlorothalonil smoke of the present invention

2.75% chlorothalonil smoke wetting powder (commercially available, the import agricultural chemicals is the packing of Beijing means of production company).

Two, test greenhouse basic condition:

1. this test is carried out in greenhouse, farm, southern suburbs, Beijing.Arrange greenhouses for the test of examination fumigation with five, every row greenhouse is a processing, triplicate.Cucumber variety is that Changchun is close perverse, the plant growth basically identical, and field management is according to the Routine Management way.Contrast is located at a wherein end in a row greenhouse, the spray clear water, and whole greenhouse is fumigation not.

2. test method:

5 sampling methods are adopted in the pilot survey in every row greenhouse, every 10 strain, and the investigation blade is every strain upper, middle and lower, every about 50 leaves of investigation.According to the downy mildew grade scale, it is other to put down in writing the disease leaf-size class.Their early stage begins fumigation for the first time, later on every 7-10 days once, amounts to three times.The 4th day investigation state of an illness after dispenser for the third time calculated protection effect.

3. pilot survey result processing:

The relative control effect formula is

Relative control effect (%)=(the contrast disease refers to that increment-anti-curing the disease refers to increment)/* 100%

Disease refers to that increment=control back disease refers to-prevent and treat that preceding disease refers to

Cucumber downy mildew state of an illness grade scale:

0 grade of no scab,

1 grade of fragmentary morbidity, lesion area is no more than 1/10 of leaf area.

2 grades of lesion areas account for leaf area 1/10～1/5.

3 grades of lesion areas account for leaf area 1/5～1/3.

4 grades of lesion areas account for leaf area 1/3～2/3.

5 grades of lesion areas account for leaf area more than 2/3.

4. application method;

To carry out fumigation after the greenhouse sealing at dusk.Wetting powder is sprayed with workers and peasants' board 16 type manual sprayers.

Three, result and analysis:

Result of the test (for details see attached table) shows that 30% chlorothalonil smoke and 75% Chlorothalonil WP against cucumber mildew have the better prevention effect to cucumber downy mildew, and every mu of fumigation restrains with 400 grams, 300 grams and 150, and its preventive effect is respectively 96.9%, 94.8% and 77.6%.Wherein with the fumicants amount of every mu of 300-400 gram for well, with 800 times of liquid effects of 75% Chlorothalonil WP against cucumber mildew (94.5%) quite.

Chlorothalonil smoke control cucumber downy mildew field control effectiveness test table

The fumicants title	Dosage (gram/mu)	Number of repetition	The investigation number of blade	Behind the preceding fumigation of fumigation				Control efficiency (%)
									The incidence of disease (%)	Disease index	The incidence of disease (%)	Disease index
				30% chlorothalonil smoke	400	123 is average	50 60 55 55						75.5 81.0 80.9 79.1	9.5 9.3 14.0 10.9	77.2 78.1 82.0 79.1	10.8 9.9 14.8 11.8	96.9
300	123 is average	60 55 65 60	80.1 79.5 89.0 82.9					11.0 10.5 8.80 10.1	80.0 78.1 89.3 82.5	12.9 11.0 10.9 11.6	94.8
					150	123 is average	65 65 55 61.7					78.8 85.0 75.5 79.8	7.1 8.8 7.80 7.90	81.0 84.5 78.1 81.2	12.5 15.9 14.9 14.4	77.6
75% tpn wetting powder	800 times	123 is average	65 55 65 61.7					80.0 85.5 81.0 82.4	8.0 7.5 7.80 7.80	78.1 94.8 82.0 85.0	9.80 8.9 9.50 9.40						94.5
				Clear water	-	123 is average	55 65 55 58.3					70.5 81.1 78.1 76.6	7.58 9.1 8.00 8.30	95.8 99.4 98.0 97.7	30.8 45.5 35.6 37.3	-

Claims (3)

1, fumicants composition, its prescription is (weight portion):

Host: combustion adjuvant: fuel=12～45: 22～35: 30～40;

Described host is SP 751011, dichlorvos or tpn; Described combustion adjuvant is selected from ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, the sodium nitrate one or more; Described fuel is selected from corncob, cow dung end, stalk, the bagasse one or more.

2, the described fumicants composition of claim 1 is characterized by and also contains adjuvant, fills a prescription to be (weight portion):

Host: combustion adjuvant: fuel: adjuvant=12～45: 22～35: 30～40: 2～6;

Described adjuvant is selected from kaolin, bentonite, diatomite.

3, claim 1 or 2 described fumicants preparation of compositions methods, its technological process is: screening-pulverizing-oven dry-mixing-packing, the concrete operations step is:

1) sieves respectively and handle various raw materials, remove foreign material;

2) various raw materials are pulverized separately;

3) raw material of above-mentioned pulverizing are dried;

4) after being measured respectively, various raw materials mix;

5) examination and test of products;

6) product is packed into paper bag reinstalls the packaged by plastic film bag, seals.