CN100352747C

CN100352747C - Freight container

Info

Publication number: CN100352747C
Application number: CNB200480014004XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 詹姆斯·威廉·劳恩; 让·马里－阿内·卡洛斯·瓦·登·珀尔
Original assignee: CONTAINER LEASING UK Ltd
Current assignee: Nantong CIMC Special Transportation Equipment Manufacture Co Ltd
Priority date: 2003-05-27
Filing date: 2004-05-27
Publication date: 2007-12-05
Anticipated expiration: 2024-05-27
Also published as: EP1932776A3; ATE493353T1; EP1932776A2; WO2004106193A8; ES2357867T3; GB2402124A; EP1633661A1; EP1932776B1; WO2004106193A1; CN1791539A; DE602004014272D1; DE602004030835D1; EP1633661B1; ATE397555T1; AU2004242750B2; GB0312081D0; AU2004242750A1; GB2402124B

Abstract

An open-sided freight container includes-a base structure (5), a structural framework that extends upwardly from the base structure and corner fittings including four intermediate top corner fittings (10) at a longitudinal spacing between the centres of their top openings of about 11,985mm to enable the container to be handled by load handling equipment for lifting 40ft (12,192mm) containers. At least one of the intermediate top corner fittings (10) above an open side of the container is structurally secured in a cantilever arrangement to the structural framework which includes a vertical member (19) extending downwardly from the top corner fitting to the base structure (5) of the container. The vertical member (19) is offset outwardly in a longitudinal direction from the cantilevered intermediate top corner fitting (10) by a distance of more than 150mm measured between the centre of the top opening of the top corner fitting and the inner face of the vertical member, leaving the space on the longitudinally inner side of the vertical member and under the cantilevered intermediate top corner fitting open for allowing side access.

Description

Cargotainer

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cargotainer of side mouth, more specifically but be not exclusively, relate to 45 feet (13,716 millimeters) cargotainers of side mouth, and relate to the corner casting that in this freight container, uses.

Background technology

Mention the place of the cargotainer of side mouth in this specification sheets, be to be understood that, this term includes but not limited to following freight container: at least one side can be enough the freight container that hides of the flexible covering thing of tarpaulin for example, this flexible covering thing can be removed to allow entering this freight container (this freight container is called the side curtain type freight container here) by open side from the sidepiece of freight container; Has a top but at least one side is opened to allow to enter the freight container of this freight container fully along its most of length; And, have a underlying structure and upright end but do not have the top or do not have the freight container (this freight container be called lift frame) of sidepiece along its most of length here on the underlying structure.

In European freight container industry, though metric unit is used for most tolerance, container length still is designated a foot unit, and therefore this sign is also used foot in this specification sheets.For helping reader, the metric equivalent that is marked with millimeter usually is placed in the bracket after foot unit.Unit calculates last millimeter, but should be appreciated that the size of mentioning needn't be so accurate.For example, " 45 feet freight containers " can have 13,706 millimeters length.

For many years, freight container has the length of standard, especially 20 feet (6096 millimeters), 40 feet (12,192 millimeters), 13,600 millimeters (a kind ofs' with the known freight container of metric system length) and 45 feet (13,716 millimeters) length.The freight container of 40 feet (12,192 millimeters) length is especially popular, and the loading facilities that provides in container apparatus can load and transport the freight container of 40 feet (12,192 millimeters) usually, and they also can load and transport the freight container of any other length.

45 foot (13,716 millimeters) the positive increased popularity of freight container, become the maximum container that to transport by road in Europe, but this freight container is usually with 40 foot (12,192 millimeters) spacing (11 of corner casting on the freight container, 985 millimeters width between centers) intermediate corner is set, thereby they can be by the loading facilities shipment that is used for 40 feet (12,192 millimeters) freight containers.When using this 45 foot (13,716 millimeters) during freight container, expect that not only it can be by the equipment shipment that is designed for 40 feet (12,192 millimeters) freight containers, and expect that one 40 feet (12,192 millimeters) freight containers can be stacked on its top safely.

Have 45 foot (13 of solid sides, 716 millimeters) under the container condition, for the intermediate corner of freight container provides essential support structure to become quite simple: the substrate of the freight container below the bottom is firm relatively, and the solid sides of freight container provides support structure for the intermediate corner on this container top.Yet under the container condition of side mouth,, the intermediate corner on the container top just has problems for providing required support structure.Usually, (up to the intermediate corner position of 40 feet (12,192 millimeters)) has osed top sidepiece basically to the freight container of this problem by making side mouth along the freight container end, but this has reduced the length that makes freight container appropriately be regarded as side mouth.

Other freight containers of being longer than 40 feet (12,192 millimeters) are 13,600 millimeters the freight container problem that also can take place just to have described for example.

It has been recognized that this problem and attempt to overcome it.For example, proposed to provide in the freight container end partly or entirely removable sidewall, and a kind of freight container of side mouth is provided, it has a wall along the underlying structure of freight container and the freight container mid-plane longitudinal extension between the top.This design makes it possible at 40 foot (12,192 millimeters) provide extra intensity in the intermediate top corner fittings zone, even freight container has open side in this zone, but one to be designed to exist from the cargo-carring freight container of sidepiece central longitudinal especially often be worthless to wall.Particularly, this designing requirement freight container loads from both sides.

Summary of the invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of freight container that can improve the side mouth that enters from the side.

Another object of the present invention is that the freight container for a side mouth provides a kind of intermediate corner, makes that entering freight container from the side improves.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a kind of cargotainer of side mouth is provided, this freight container comprises a underlying structure, one from upwardly extending structural framing of underlying structure and corner casting, this corner casting comprises four intermediate top corner fittings, the longitudinal pitch of these intermediate top corner fittings between its open-topped center is approximately 11,985 millimeters, so that this freight container can enough liftings 40 foot (12,192 millimeters) shipment of the loading facilities of freight container, wherein at least one intermediate top corner fittings above the open side of freight container structurally is fixed on the structural framing with a cantilever arrangement, this structural framing comprises a stay that extends downwardly into the freight container underlying structure from the top corner accessory, this stay outwards is offset one greater than 150 mm distance from the intermediate top corner fittings of cantilever in the vertical, this distance is measured between the longitudinal inner surface of the open-topped center of top corner accessory and stay, makes on the longitudinal medial of stay and the space below the intermediate top corner fittings at cantilever it is entering from the side allowing of opening.

By this cantilever arrangement is provided, the length overall of the opening portion of the freight container of side mouth can increase.Even a very little increase also can be very useful when specific goods is loaded by the open side of freight container.

Though can only extend the length of open side at an end of freight container, preferably at both ends extends this length.Therefore preferably above the same open side of freight container and towards first and second intermediate top corner fittings of freight container opposite end, respectively fix with a cantilever arrangement, structural framing comprises first stay and second stay that extends downwardly into the freight container underlying structure from second intermediate top corner fittings that extend downwardly into the freight container underlying structure from first intermediate top corner fittings, each stay outwards is offset one greater than 150 mm distance from the intermediate top corner fittings of corresponding cantilever in the vertical, this distance is measured between the longitudinal inner surface of the open-topped center of top corner accessory and stay, makes on the longitudinal medial of stay and the space below the intermediate top corner fittings at cantilever it is entering from the side allowing of opening.

Usually preferably first and second intermediate top corner fittings and the corresponding abutting end of freight container at a distance of identical distance, but their also different distances apart.Similarly, usually preferably the inside face of first and second stays and freight container respective end portions at a distance of identical distance, but their also different distances apart.

Freight container can be only at a side opening, opposite side sealing in the case.Yet, preferably all exist the length of inlet and two open side all to extend to two ends in the freight container both sides.Therefore, preferably the freight container both sides are side mouth, and third and fourth intermediate top corner fittings is arranged on the freight container opposite side in the mode identical with first and second intermediate top corner fittings.

It may be noted that the central bottom corner casting is below bottom layer and can not be subjected to the influence of the side mouth characteristics of freight container.

Advantageous particularly when the present invention is used for 45 feet (13,716 millimeters) freight containers is though it also can be applied to the freight container of other length.In 45 feet traditional (13,716 millimeters) freight containers, a stay is set directly at each intermediate corner below, and the spacing between the stay is therefore less than 12,000 millimeters.This spacing increase is many more, the easy more freight container that enters, and embodying in the freight container of the present invention at one, and this spacing is usually greater than 12,300 millimeters and be preferably more than 12,500 millimeters.In a freight container that describes below, this spacing is 12,600 millimeters.Should be appreciated that at the freight container two ends to be provided with under the situation of identical offset assembly that the increase of 200 millimeters spacings can obtain by increase by 100 millimeters in each skew.Therefore, though in a first aspect of the present invention, stay need be offset greater than 150 millimeters from the intermediate corner of cantilever, is preferably more than 250 millimeters, and more preferably greater than 300 millimeters.

Even when skew during, even we find that freight container is arranged to that this freight container can be excessively narrowless yet in the zone of stay greater than 300 millimeters.More specifically, the width of internal container can be greater than 2420 millimeters in the zone of stay.In a freight container that describes below, it is 2434 millimeters greater than 2430 millimeters.The advantage of this width is to allow two 1.2 meters wide trays or three 0.8 meter wide trays to pass the freight container placement in the zone of stay.

Preferably, the intermediate top corner fittings of cantilever all is fixed to the stay that extends downwardly into underlying structure with a cantilever arrangement, and is fixed on the horizontal member that vertically extends outwardly into an end of freight container.The intermediate top corner fittings cantilever is fixed to vertically and on the horizontal member, makes distribution of load on these members, makes these members have less cross section, thereby makes the clearance envelope in freight container obtain increasing.

Preferably the intermediate top corner fittings of cantilever supports the horizontal beam of an extend through container top, this horizontal beam preferably with corner casting in open top vertically aim at.Its top is crossed in the expectation set vanning in this position quite firm.

The corner casting of cargotainer is normally cuboidal, and forms one whole as foundry goods usually.Yet can form corner casting by other modes: for example, opening can form in the end that extends to the bottom from container top, and perhaps accessory can be made by one or more metal sheet that bends to required form.Similarly, the cantilever corner casting can be made but preferably one whole structure and preferably a foundry goods by one or more metal sheet in the middle of described herein.

As already noted, the freight container that embodies side mouth of the present invention can take various forms.For example, it can have a top and one or two open side, and each open side hides with a flexible covering thing, and this cope can be removed to allow to enter freight container from the freight container sidepiece.The freight container that does not have the freight container at top and only have sidepiece at place, neighbor set vanning end also within the scope of the invention; This freight container is commonly referred to and lifts frame.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a kind of cargotainer of side mouth is provided, this freight container comprises one from upwardly extending structural framing of underlying structure and corner casting, corner casting comprises four intermediate top corner fittings, longitudinal pitch between their open-topped centers is approximately 11,985 millimeters, be used for making 40 foot (12 of the enough lifting of freight container energy, 192 millimeters) shipment of the loading facilities of freight container, wherein at least one intermediate top corner fittings above the freight container open side is provided with a first end of cantilever, the second relative end of intermediate top corner fittings is fixed to a stay that extends downwardly into underlying structure and one and departs from intermediate top corner fittings and extend lengthwise on the horizontal member of freight container one end, vertical and horizontal member is fixed on the second end of described arm with a cantilever arrangement, and this arm approximate horizontal ground and end wise extend inward into first end.

According to the freight container of second aspect present invention preferably but not necessarily have each above-mentioned feature according to the freight container of first aspect present invention.Particularly, in the freight container according to second aspect present invention, stay in the vertical needn't be so big as 150 millimeters from the skew of the intermediate top corner fittings of cantilever.

The intermediate top corner fittings itself of using embodiments of the invention has new structure, and according to a third aspect of the present invention, provide one to be used for 45 foot (13,716 millimeters) intermediate top corner fittings of the cargotainer of side mouth, this corner casting is microscler and comprises a cantilever with first and second opposed ends, first end comprises that one is used for and 40 foot (12 of lifting, 192 millimeters) open top that engages of the loading facilities of freight container, and the second end is fixed on the horizontal member of the stay of a underlying structure that extends downwardly into freight container and an end that extends horizontally to freight container.This accessory certainly has the above-mentioned feature according to the freight container of the present invention first and second aspects.

The present invention also provides a kind of cargotainer that comprises the side mouth of an above-mentioned corner casting, and this corner casting is along the container top setting in the middle of the freight container two ends.The cargotainer of side mouth can also be in conjunction with the above-mentioned any feature according to freight container of the present invention.

Though it is normally suitable along the container top in the middle of the freight container two ends first and second corner castings to be arranged on freight container the same side, but other possibility is that an intermediate top corner fittings is only arranged on every side of freight container, like this, for example may always have six top corner accessories.This set is suitable especially needing under the asymmetric situation that side mouth is set.

Description of drawings

To and be described an embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings by example now, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the block diagram of a side curtain type cargotainer;

Fig. 2 a is a crown center corner casting block diagram that is used for container structure shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 2 b is the birds-eye view of the intermediate corner shown in Fig. 2 a;

Fig. 3 is the lateral plan of observing from the internal container of freight container end regions shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 4 is the lateral plan of freight container shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 5 is the top plan view of freight container shown in Figure 1; And

Fig. 6 is the lateral plan of the improved form of freight container shown in Figure 1.

The specific embodiment

Cargotainer shown in Figure 1 generally is a rectangular shape, have end 1,2, open side 3 (an only visible side among Fig. 1), a top 4 and a underlying structure 5, on this underlying structure a bottom 6 (base section excision in Fig. 1 is with the underlying structure of display set vanning).The end 1 of freight container has a pair of double door 7.Container customs is symmetrical in a vertical longitudinal plane.

The sidepiece 3 of freight container can be hidden by tarpaulin 8 (only showing a part among Fig. 1), this tarpaulin can be tied up on freight container securely along its bottom margin, but also can untie and remove, thereby allow to enter from opening in a manner known way the sidepiece of freight container.

This freight container is the freight container of 45 feet (13,716 millimeters), and is provided with eight corner castings 9 at the turning of freight container end, is provided with four intermediate top corner fittings 10 and four central bottom corner castings 11 (among Fig. 1 only as seen wherein two).According to common practice,

intermediate corner

10,11 opening has and is positioned at one 40 feet (12,192 millimeters) the identical spacing (11 of corner casting of the turning end of freight container, 985 millimeters width between centers), thereby this freight container can promote with a loading facilities, this loading facilities setting engages in the open top 12 of intermediate top corner fittings 10 by this equipment and promotes one 40 feet (12,192 millimeters) freight container, and by be bonded on 40 foot (12 with twistlock, 192 millimeters) corner casting of the end, turning of freight container and 45 foot (13,716 millimeters) intermediate corner of freight container, can make 40 foot (12,192 millimeters) and the compound of the freight container of 45 feet (13,716 millimeters) pile up mutually.

The feature of above-mentioned freight container is conventional.According to the present invention, each intermediate top corner fittings 10 has particular design, is described now with reference to Fig. 2 a and 2b.Accessory 10 generally is microscler and comprises a cantilever 13 with a first end 14 and an opposite second end 15.The open top 12 that first end 14 has in normal place---but that only represents the end 14 of accessory 10---.Accessory 10 is microscler rather than common roughly cube shaped, and opposite second end 15 is provided with one and is used in close fit to the horizontal longitudinal and is welded to lug boss 16 on it, and one is used in close fit to a stay and is welded to lug boss 17 on it.In addition, from Fig. 2 b best as seen, first end 14 is formed with one and is used to hold with its close fit and the opening that welds a horizontal cross member thereon and removes tip cutting groove 18.

Though it is that corner casting is solid except that the zone of opening 12 that Fig. 2 a may give people's impression, be not this situation: described accessory is formed integrally as a steel casting, and as marking with dotted line among Fig. 2 b, integral body has limited wall thickness.

With reference to figure 1, it may be noted that as the corner casting shown in Fig. 2 a and the 2b only to be used for two intermediate top corner fittings 12, and be used for two other intermediate top corner fittings again as the symmetrical part of the corner casting shown in Fig. 2 a and the 2b.

Among Fig. 1, its top is welded to stay on the lug boss 17 of intermediate top corner fittings 12 and is denoted as 19 (among Fig. 1 in visible four two), and its opposite end is contained in and is welded to horizontal cross member on the slot 18 of accessory 12 and shows with the outline line of void and be denoted as 20.Its vertical the inner shown in Fig. 3 be welded to intermediate top corner fittings 12 lug boss 16 horizontal longitudinal and be designated 21.They extend to the end of freight container.Thereby each accessory 10 is fixed on stay 19 and the horizontal member 20 with a cantilever arrangement.

Can see easily that from Fig. 1 stay 19 outwards is offset from the open top 12 of corner casting 10 in the vertical, therefore in the longitudinal pitch between the stay 19 greater than the spacing between the opening 12, thereby increased the sidepiece inlet of freight container.Though this increase is little, very valuable, particularly it can not cause inner width or the highly any big reduction of freight container in member 19 zones, as can be seen from Figure.

Should be pointed out that in illustrated embodiment the open side 3 of freight container is cut off by vertical pillar stiffener 22 two positions.Similarly but post 22 is arranged on the opposite side (invisible among Fig. 1) of freight container staggers a little from position shown in Figure 1.The purpose of post 22 is just along its vertical span support, top halfway.Post 22 does not need to support bigger load, for example is superimposed upon the load of the freight container on the top, so it can be thin and light-duty structure; If desired, it also can remove.

Be applicable to the freight container of various sizes though be appreciated that the present invention, provide some size of a concrete preferred embodiment of the present invention referring now to Fig. 3,4 and 5:

Length overall (1 among Fig. 4): 13,716 millimeters

The longitudinal pitch of open top 12 (s among Fig. 4): 11,985 millimeters

The inside face of stay 19 is from open top 12 centers

Departure distance: (o among Fig. 3): 312 millimeters

Longitudinal pitch between the stay 19: (g among Fig. 4): 12,610 millimeters

Transverse pitch between the stay 19 (t among Fig. 5): 2434 millimeters

Overall width (w among Fig. 5): 2550 millimeters

Though described concrete example of the present invention, should be appreciated that and to carry out the modification of multiple mode to it.For example, intermediate top corner fittings 10 illustrates and respectively has the i.e. open top of a single opening.This accessory also can be provided with side mouth as some standard 45 forty equivalent unit 40s.

Pointing out, is an example constructed according to the present invention referring to figs. 1 to 5 described freight containers.Be appreciated that and carry out multiple modification to this design, and Fig. 6 has shown a this improvement.Fig. 6 is similar to Fig. 4 but amended freight container view, and has used same numeral to indicate identical or approximately uniform parts at Fig. 4 in 6.Among Fig. 6, two intermediate top corner fittings 10a near freight container one end (being the end 1 that door is arranged in illustrative example) generally are provided with as the identical mode in front, but the end of distance set vanning is far away slightly, and is provided with and the direct adjacency in freight container end near two other intermediate corner 10b of the freight container other end (being end 2 in illustrative example).Therefore intermediate corner 10a, 10b are still as the fwd example apart 11,985 millimeters, but the asymmetric setting of its length along freight container.

Claims

1, a kind of cargotainer of side mouth, this freight container comprises a underlying structure, one from the upwardly extending structural framing of this underlying structure, and corner casting, this corner casting comprises four intermediate top corner fittings, intermediate top corner fittings is approximately 11 in the longitudinal pitch at its open top center, 985 millimeters, make the loading facilities of enough lifting 40 forty equivalent unit 40s of this freight container energy load and transport, wherein at least one intermediate top corner fittings above open side of this freight container structurally is fixed on the described structural framing with a cantilever arrangement, this structural framing comprises a stay on the underlying structure that extends downwardly into this freight container from described top corner accessory, this stay outwards is offset greater than 150 mm distance from the intermediate top corner fittings of described cantilever in the vertical, this distance is to measure between the inside face of the open-topped center of this top corner accessory and this stay, makes that space below on the longitudinal medial of this stay and intermediate top corner fittings at this cantilever is entering from the side allowing of opening.

2, freight container as claimed in claim 1, wherein above the same open side of this freight container and towards first and second intermediate top corner fittings of this freight container opposite end, respectively fix with a cantilever arrangement, described structural framing comprises first stay and second stay that extends downwardly into this freight container underlying structure from described second intermediate top corner fittings that extend downwardly into this freight container underlying structure from described first intermediate top corner fittings, each stay outwards is offset greater than 150 mm distance from corresponding cantilever intermediate top corner fittings in the vertical, this distance is to measure between the inside face of the open top center of this top corner accessory and this stay, makes that space below on the longitudinal medial of this stay and intermediate top corner fittings at this cantilever is entering from the side allowing of opening.

3, freight container as claimed in claim 2, wherein said first and second intermediate top corner fittings and the corresponding adjacent end portion of described freight container are at a distance of same distance.

4, as claim 2 or 3 described freight containers, the inside face of wherein said first and second stays and the corresponding adjacent end portion of described freight container are at a distance of same distance.

5, freight container as claimed in claim 2, wherein said first and second intermediate top corner fittings and the corresponding adjacent end portion of described freight container are at a distance of different distances.

6, as claim 2 or 5 described freight containers, the inside face of wherein said first and second stays and the corresponding adjacent end portion of described freight container are at a distance of different distances.

7, as each described freight container in the claim 2,3 or 5, wherein the both sides of this freight container all are side mouth, and third and fourth intermediate top corner fittings is to be arranged on this freight container opposite side top with the roughly the same mode of described first and second intermediate top corner fittings.

8, as each described freight container in the claim 2,3 or 5, wherein from the gap length between the described first and second intermediate corner out-of-position stays greater than 12,300 millimeters.

9, as each described freight container in the claim 2,3 or 5, wherein from the gap length between the described first and second intermediate corner out-of-position stays greater than 12,600 millimeters.

10, as each described freight container in claim 1 to 3 or 5, wherein said stay is offset greater than 300 mm distance from the intermediate top corner fittings of described cantilever.

11, as each described freight container in claim 1 to 3 or 5, wherein the inner width of this freight container in the zone of described stay is greater than 2420 millimeters.

12, as each described freight container in claim 1 to 3 or 5, wherein the inner width of this freight container in the zone of described stay is greater than 2430 millimeters.

13, as each described freight container in claim 1 to 3 or 5, the intermediate top corner fittings of wherein said cantilever is fixed to stay and horizontal member that vertically extends outwardly into this end of freight container that extends downwardly into described underlying structure with a cantilever arrangement.

14, freight container as claimed in claim 13, the intermediate top corner fittings of wherein said cantilever supports the horizontal beam of this container top of extend through.

15, as each described freight container in claim 1 to 3 or 5, the intermediate top corner fittings of wherein said cantilever is an integrative-structure.

16, as each described freight container in claim 1 to 3 or 5, the intermediate top corner fittings of wherein said cantilever is a foundry goods.

17, as each described freight container in claim 1 to 3 or 5, the intermediate top corner fittings of wherein said cantilever is one and makes part.

18, a kind of cargotainer of side mouth, this freight container comprises a underlying structure, one from upwardly extending structural framing of this underlying structure and corner casting, this corner casting comprises four intermediate top corner fittings, intermediate top corner fittings is approximately 11 in the longitudinal pitch at its open top center, 985 millimeters, make the loading facilities of enough lifting 40 forty equivalent unit 40s of this freight container energy load and transport, wherein at least one intermediate top corner fittings above open side of this freight container is provided with one first cantilever end, its opposite second end is fixed to a stay that extends downwardly into described underlying structure and one and departs from this intermediate top corner fittings and extend lengthwise on the horizontal member of this freight container one end, should be vertically and horizontal member be fixed on the second end of arm of described cantilever arrangement, and the arm of this cantilever arrangement essentially horizontally and end wise extend inward into described first end.

19, the cargotainer of side mouth as claimed in claim 18, the first end of wherein said arm supports the horizontal beam of this container top of extend through.

20, according to claim 18 or 19 and also according to the cargotainer of each a kind of side mouth in claim 1 to 3 or 5.

21, a kind of intermediate top corner fittings that is used for the cargotainer of a side mouth, this corner casting is microscler and comprises a cantilever with first and second opposed ends, first end comprises that is used for an open top that engages with the loading facilities that promotes 40 forty equivalent unit 40s, and the second end can be fixed on a stay that extends downwardly into this freight container underlying structure and the horizontal member that extends lengthwise into this freight container one end.

22, a kind of cargotainer that comprises a corner casting as claimed in claim 21, this corner casting is provided with along the container top in the middle of these freight container two ends.

23, freight container as claimed in claim 22, it comprises each first and second corner casting as claimed in claim 21, this corner casting is arranged on this freight container the same side along the container top in the middle of these freight container two ends.

24, as claim 22 and further as each described freight container in claim 1 to 3 or 5.