CN100350976C - 用于眼部药物递送的可逆胶凝系统 - Google Patents
用于眼部药物递送的可逆胶凝系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了用于局部给药的眼用含水组合物,其包含:(a)环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷的嵌段共聚物,其浓度足以在环境温度下提供低于约25厘泊的粘度,并且当局部施用于患者时提供约25至约55厘泊的粘度;(b)羟丙基甲基纤维素,其浓度足以改善由该嵌段共聚物形成的凝胶的耐久性。本发明进一步提供眼用药物的给药方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及眼用组合物,特别是以缓冲水溶液提供的眼用组合物。本发明的组合物作为增湿和润滑滴眼剂和作为眼用药物的递送载体有用。
背景技术
用于治疗“干眼”症状的眼用组合物包含用于润滑粘膜表面并缓解干燥和刺激的缓和剂(或湿润剂)。本文使用的术语“缓和剂”意指局部施用于眼,从而保护和润滑粘膜表面,并缓解干燥和刺激的试剂,通常是水溶性聚合物。在此意义内,通常也使用术语“湿润剂”和“润湿剂”。此外,应该理解某些组分拥有几种功能属性。例如,纤维素衍生物是常用的缓和剂,但是它也用作“增粘剂”。类似地,甘油是公知的缓和剂,但也用作“张力调节剂”。最广泛使用的缓和剂的实例包括:聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、纤维素衍生物和聚乙二醇。
包含各种缓和剂的已知眼用组合物的具体实例在以下给出。
授予Dabrowski等的美国专利5,591,426公开了用作人造眼泪的眼用溶液。该文献包括包含以下三种缓和剂的硼酸盐缓冲防腐(如苯扎氯铵)水溶液的具体实例:1)甘油,2)聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,和3)纤维素衍生物,例如羟丙基甲基纤维素。
授予Dikstein的美国专利5,106,615公开了包含甘油、聚乙二醇,或者含有如Carbomer 941的阴离子聚合物的丙二醇的等渗湿润滴眼剂。
授予Feinstein等的美国专利2,703,777一般性地描述了防腐缓冲等渗眼用凝胶,其包含:1)湿润剂,优选是甘油(还列举了山梨糖醇和丙二醇);2)甲基纤维素,和3)聚乙二醇。
授予Blanco等的美国专利4,029,817公开了包含丙二醇及聚山梨醇酯80和/或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的接触镜保存溶液。类似地,授予Sherman的美国专利5,141,665公开了包含丙二醇作为润湿剂的接触镜清洁、润湿和贮存溶液。另外,授予Stark的美国专利4,525,346公开了包含丙二醇的硼酸盐缓冲的防腐接触镜溶液。
均授予Rankin的美国专利3,767,788、3,767,789、3,856,919、3,907,985、3,920,810、3,947,573和3,987,163公开了用于治疗“干眼”的眼用溶液。这些文献一般性地教导了具有聚亚烷基二醇,例如聚乙二醇或丙二醇的聚环氧乙烷、聚苯乙烯磺酸酯和聚丙烯酰胺的使用。这些文献包括包含几种缓和剂,即1)聚乙二醇,2)聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,和3)纤维素衍生物,如羟乙基纤维素彼此组合的溶液的具体实例。
授予Krezanoski等的美国专利3,549,747公开了包含聚乙烯醇和纤维素衍生物,如羟乙基纤维素的防腐接触镜润湿溶液。类似地,授予Shah等的美国专利4,131,651公开了包含聚乙烯醇和纤维素衍生物的用于治疗干眼的眼用溶液。授予Bapatla等的美国专利4,120,949公开了包含1)聚乙烯醇,2)聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,和3)一种或多种纤维素衍生物的防腐眼用溶液。同样类似地,授予Shively的美国专利4,409,205公开了包含聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇6000和葡萄糖的防腐眼用溶液的具体实例。该文献还一般性地公开了选自甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、葡萄糖、蔗糖、尿素和甘油的张力调节剂的使用。
配方用于局部递送眼用活性药物的凝胶的技术在本领域中是公知的,例如参见公开了用于施用于眼结膜囊的含水预形成的药用凝胶的GB-A-No.2013084,以及公开了当被患者机体温暖时原位形成胶体,并用于治疗各种眼病况的液体形式的药物递送系统的GB-A-No.1571832和EP-A-No.0126684。类似地,授予Potts等的美国专利4,888,168和授予Hu等的美国专利5,800,807公开了用于递送眼用药物的凝胶系统。
设计眼用凝胶的目的是使凝胶具有充分的流动性,从而使凝胶能够被方便地施用于眼,同时提供粘度足以延长眼内的停留时间(接触时间)的凝胶。但是已知的原位胶凝形成系统在体温下的粘度可能难以确切地预测。粘度在约55厘泊(cps)以上的凝胶在眼内可能不舒服并且也不美观。因此,关键是提供既提供期望的停留时间,又避免充分固化的凝胶的不适和不美观的外观的眼用凝胶。
因此,期望提供改善目标眼组织和活性药物之间的接触时间,同时又克服了与高粘度凝胶相关的问题的眼用凝胶。还期望改善形成的凝胶组合物的耐久性和使用寿命,以进一步延长其与目标眼组织的接触时间。
发明内容
本发明提供有效延长在眼内的停留时间,同时更加舒适和易于施用的眼用凝胶组合物。本发明涉及使用当施用于患者时在原位形成凝胶的药物制剂来治疗眼病况。仅举几个例子来说,适当的活性药物包括β-阻滞剂、碳酸酐酶抑制剂、眼用减充血剂、抗组胺剂、抗生素和消炎药。
在一个实施方案中,以包含缓和剂,优选是纤维素衍生物的缓冲水溶液提供本发明的组合物。本发明的组合物可以是非防腐的(以单剂量形式提供),或者可以是防腐的,例如用苯扎氯铵、PHMB、山梨酸等防腐。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供用于局部给药的眼用含水组合物,其包含:
(a)环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷的嵌段共聚物,其浓度足以在环境温度下提供低于约25厘泊的粘度,并且当局部施用于患者时提供约25至约55厘泊的粘度;
(b)羟丙基甲基纤维素,其浓度足以改善由该嵌段共聚物形成的凝胶的耐久性。
环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷的嵌段共聚物优选包含至少一个夹在两个环氧乙烷嵌段之间的环氧丙烷嵌段。这通常称为ABA嵌段共聚物。在特别优选的实施方案中,嵌段的成分具有以下化学式:
HO-(R1)k-(R2)m-(R3)n-]p-H
其中
R1是-CH2CH2O-;
R2是-CH3CHCH2O-;
R3是-CH2CH2O-;
k为2至128;
m为16至67;且
p为2至128。
最优选的嵌段共聚物表面活性剂包括:
HO-(R1)k-(R2)m-(R3)n-]p-H
其中
R1是-CH2CH2O-;
R2是-CH3CHCH2O-;
R3是-CH2CH2O-;
k为约98(平均);
m为约67(平均);且
p为约98(平均)。
在本发明中有用的甲基纤维素优选是羟丙基甲基纤维素。优选在本发明中使用的优选的羟丙基甲基纤维素成分具有以下所示的化学式。一种特别优选的甲基纤维素成分组由Dow Chemical Company(Midland,Michigan)以商品名“Methocel”销售。有用的甲基纤维素成分的实例包括Methocel A、E、F、J和K,以及Methocel 310系列成分。对于本发明的组合物而言,Methocel E是最优选的Methocel牌成分。
最优选的METHOCEL是METHOCEL E。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供眼用药物的给药方法,所述方法包括将无菌眼用溶液局部施用于患者的眼,所述溶液包含(a)环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷的嵌段共聚物,其浓度足以在环境温度下提供低于约25厘泊的粘度,并且当局部施用于患者时提供约25至约55厘泊的粘度;和(b)羟丙基甲基纤维素,其浓度足以改善由该嵌段共聚物形成的凝胶的耐久性。
具体实施方案
如前所述,本发明的组合物特别地用作增湿和润滑滴眼剂(即人造眼泪溶液)、眼用药物的递送载体,以及接触镜湿润和润滑溶液。在大多数这些应用中,本发明的组合物以缓冲水溶液提供。这种溶液通常具有约1至约25厘泊(cps)的粘度(在环境温度下)。
本发明的眼用组合物包含羟丙基甲基纤维素和嵌段共聚物表面活性剂,例如,环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷的嵌段共聚物,其中环氧丙烷嵌段夹在两个环氧乙烷嵌段之间。
适当的嵌段共聚物表面活性剂包括那些具有下式的表面活性剂:
HO-(R1)k-(R2)m-(R3)n-]p-H
其中
R1是-CH2CH2O-;
R2是-CH3CHCH2O-;
R3是-CH2CH2O-;
k为2至128;
m为16至67;且
p为2至128。
这些嵌段共聚物的优选实例包括可从BASF Corporation商购的PluronicTM牌表面活性剂。
仅举几个例子来说,用于本发明的纤维素衍生物包括:羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素。在优选的实施方案中,该组合物包含羟丙基甲基纤维素。适当的浓度如下所示。
表1-溶液成分
有用的浓度范围(重量百分数) | 优选的浓度范围(重量百分比) | 更优选的浓度范围(重量百分比) | |
羟甲基丙基纤维素 | 0.1至2.0 | 0.2至1.0 | 0.4至0.8 |
嵌段共聚物表面活性剂 | 5至25 | 7至18 | 10至15 |
该组合物中可以包含其它缓和剂,其程度是它们与实现期望的粘度随温度增加相容。适当的缓和剂的实例包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇和其它组分,如聚环氧乙烷,而聚丙烯酸是被特别地排除在外。在另外的实施方案中,其它或附加的缓和剂可以和甘油及丙二醇组合使用。举例来说,还可以使用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇。
本发明中使用的缓和剂以提供缓和效果的有效量(即“缓和量”)使用,即足以润滑粘膜表面并缓解干燥和刺激。本发明中使用的缓和剂的具体量将随应用而变,但是,提供几种缓和剂的通常的范围:甘油:约0.2至约1.5%,但优选约1%(w/w);丙二醇:约0.2至约1.5%,但优选约1%(w/w);纤维素衍生物:约0.2至约3%,但优选约0.5%(w/w)。如果使用附加的缓和剂,通常它们以在以上引述的非处方药专题论中给出的量使用。优选的纤维素衍生物是药物级羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC),如可从Dow Chemical Company获得的Methocel E 15LV-premium。
当使用时,可以使用任何药学可接受的缓冲系统;但是,优选的缓冲系统由磷酸钠(二钠和一钠)提供,其需要的量为产生约6.0至约8.0的pH,但更优选为约7.0至约7.6的pH。
本发明可以被设计为多种渗量浓度,但是在大多数应用中,等渗量(iso-osmolal)(相对于眼液)组合物是优选的。渗量浓度通常为约175至约330mOsm/kg,但是更优选约280至约320mOsm/kg。溶液的渗量浓度可以通过公知的渗量浓度调节剂来调节,例如氯化钠和氯化钾,以及有机渗量剂(osmolyte)。
如前所示,本发明的组合物可以包含有效防腐溶液的量的防腐剂。如本领域中公知的,所需的防腐剂的量将随具体的防腐剂和应用而变化,例如增湿滴眼剂、接触镜溶液等。对于非接触镜应用,苯扎氯铵(BAK)是优选的防腐剂,通常以约0.01至约0.10%(w/w)的浓度使用。BAK是众所周知的防腐剂,它包含多种氯化烷基二甲基苯铵的混合物。对于接触镜应用,其它防腐剂更优选,如山梨酸、PHMB,和其它的polyquats。或者,本发明的组合物可以不含防腐剂。
该组合物可以包含多种附加组分。举例来说,溶液中可以包含乙二胺四乙酸二钠作为共防腐剂(co-preservative)和/或螯合剂。
实施例I
作为本发明的例证,优选的增湿滴眼剂配方提供如下。
表2
成分 | %w/w |
Pluronic F-127 | 12.50 |
羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC) | 0.50 |
磷酸钠(二钠) | 0.19 |
磷酸钠(一钠) | 0.052 |
氯化钠(NaCl) | 0.84 |
乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA) | 0.10 |
苯扎氯铵(BAK)(50%) | 0.02 |
纯净水 | 足量,至100% |
通过在热的纯净水(每批总重量的85%)中溶解HPMC并混合20分钟制备溶液。将HPMC溶液冷却到5℃,并再混合30分钟。然后向每批中加入Pluronic F127和其它原料,并再混合两小时以上。
实施例II
由Brookfiield Viscometer测定来自实施例I的溶液的粘度作为温度的函数的曲线(参见图1)。来自实施例I的溶液在室温和更高的温度(眼温度)下是液体。
实施例III
分别向来自实施例I的磷酸盐缓冲液和完整溶液中加入抗组胺药。没有可见眼缺陷的新西兰白兔每只在一只眼内接受一次30微升测试样品的眼内施用。对侧眼用100微升的对照样品处理,用作对照。然后将动物分成四组。在初始治疗后一小时,第一组动物的双眼接受一次100微升测试样品(组胺溶液)的眼内施用。第二组动物在治疗两小时后接受相同治疗,而第三组动物在初始治疗四小时后,第四组动物在初始治疗六小时后。所有动物的眼均未进行洗涤。在测试样品(组胺溶液)治疗十分钟后记录角膜混浊、虹膜炎和结膜炎的观察数据。兔试验的结果表明,在试验组和对照组间由组胺溶液诱导的红色降低的作用持续时间有显著变化。嵌段共聚物凝胶在体温下通过含水系统中的氢键形成,氢键由表面活性剂的醚氧原子和氢质子的吸引导致。
表3.试验组和对照组间的作用持续时间的比较
试验组 | 对照组(磷酸盐缓冲液) | |
持续时间(小时) | 6-8小时 | 0-1小时 |
实施例IV
分别向含有和不含HPMC的来自实施例1的完整溶液中加入抗组胺药。兔试验的结果表明,在两个试验组间由组胺溶液诱导的红色降低的作用持续时间有显著的变化。添加HPMC(METHOCEL E)可以加强嵌段共聚物凝胶。无机盐或强电解质软化凝胶。加入凝胶系统中的任何物质都可能影响凝胶的强度并得到期望的产品性质。
表4
试验组(含HPMC) | 试验组(不含HPMC) | |
持续时间(小时) | 6-8小时 | 4-6小时 |
Claims (18)
1.用于局部给药的眼用含水组合物,其包含:
(a)环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷的嵌段共聚物;和
(b)羟丙基甲基纤维素,其用于改善由所述嵌段共聚物形成的凝胶的耐久性;其中
所述组合物在环境温度下的粘度低于25厘泊,并且当局部施用于患者时其粘度为25至55厘泊,所述粘度由所述嵌段共聚物的浓度确定。
2.权利要求1的眼用含水组合物,其进一步包含用以使所述组合物保持无菌的杀菌剂。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷的嵌段共聚物进一步包含至少一个夹在两个环氧乙烷嵌段之间的环氧丙烷嵌段。
4.权利要求3的组合物,其中所述嵌段共聚物具有以下化学式:
HO-(R1)k-(R2)m-(R3)n-]p-H
其中
R1是-CH2CH2O-;
R2是-CH3CHCH2O-;
R3是-CH2CH2O-;
k为2至128;
m为16至67;且
p为2至128。
5.权利要求4的组合物,其进一步包含5-25重量%的嵌段共聚物和0.1-2.0重量%的羟丙基甲基纤维素。
6.权利要求5的组合物,其进一步包含7-18重量%的嵌段共聚物和0.2-1.0重量%的羟丙基甲基纤维素。
7.权利要求6的组合物,其进一步包含10-15重量%的嵌段共聚物和0.4-0.8重量%的羟丙基甲基纤维素。
8.权利要求4的组合物,其进一步包含缓冲剂。
9.权利要求8的组合物,其包含选自硼酸/硼酸钠、磷酸氢二钠和磷酸二氢钠的缓冲剂。
10.环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷的嵌段共聚物及羟丙基甲基纤维素在制备用于局部施用的眼用药物中的用途,其中所述药物中所述嵌段共聚物的浓度足以在环境温度下提供低于25厘泊的粘度,并且当局部施用于患者时提供25至55厘泊的粘度,且所述药物中所述羟丙基甲基纤维素的浓度足以改善由所述嵌段共聚物形成的凝胶的耐久性。
11.权利要求10的用途,其中所述眼用药物进一步包含足以使所述组合物保持无菌的量的杀菌剂。
12.权利要求10的用途,其中所述环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷的嵌段共聚物进一步包含至少一个夹在两个环氧乙烷嵌段之间的环氧丙烷嵌段。
13.权利要求12的用途,其中所述嵌段共聚物具有以下化学式:
HO-(R1)k-(R2)m-(R3)n-]p-H
其中
R1是-CH2CH2O-;
R2是-CH3CHCH2O-;
R3是-CH2CH2O-;
k为2至128;
m为16至67;且
p为2至128。
14.权利要求13的用途,其中所述眼用药物进一步包含5-25重量%的嵌段共聚物和0.1-2.0重量%的羟丙基甲基纤维素。
15.权利要求14的用途,其中所述眼用药物进一步包含7-18重量%的嵌段共聚物和0.2-1.0重量%的羟丙基甲基纤维素。
16.权利要求15的用途,其中所述眼用药物进一步包含10-15重量%的嵌段共聚物和0.4-0.8重量%的羟丙基甲基纤维素。
17.权利要求14的用途,其中所述眼用药物进一步包含缓冲剂。
18.权利要求17的用途,其中所述缓冲剂选自硼酸/硼酸钠、磷酸氢二钠和磷酸二氢钠。
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US7935332B2 (en) * | 2000-08-16 | 2011-05-03 | Encore Health, Llc | Presbyopia treatment by lens alteration |
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WO2008060575A2 (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2008-05-22 | Auburn University | Drug delivery system and method |
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US20090142292A1 (en) * | 2007-12-03 | 2009-06-04 | Blackwell Richard I | Method For The Mitigation of Symptoms of Dry Eye |
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US9044439B2 (en) * | 2008-03-05 | 2015-06-02 | Encore Health, Llc | Low dose lipoic and pharmaceutical compositions and methods |
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US10413506B2 (en) | 2010-04-03 | 2019-09-17 | Praful Doshi | Medical devices including medicaments and methods of making and using same including enhancing comfort, enhancing drug penetration, and treatment of myopia |
US9931296B2 (en) | 2010-04-03 | 2018-04-03 | Praful Doshi | Medical devices including medicaments and methods of making and using same |
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RU2601115C2 (ru) * | 2011-04-22 | 2016-10-27 | Алькон Рисерч, Лтд. | Офтальмологическая композиция с повышающей вязкость системой, содержащей два различных средства повышения вязкости |
US10226417B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2019-03-12 | Peter Jarrett | Drug delivery systems and applications |
US9827191B2 (en) | 2012-05-03 | 2017-11-28 | The Johns Hopkins University | Compositions and methods for ophthalmic and/or other applications |
US11596599B2 (en) | 2012-05-03 | 2023-03-07 | The Johns Hopkins University | Compositions and methods for ophthalmic and/or other applications |
EP2844227B1 (en) | 2012-05-03 | 2020-11-18 | Kala Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Pharmaceutical nanoparticles showing improved mucosal transport |
EP4008355A1 (en) | 2012-05-03 | 2022-06-08 | Kala Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Pharmaceutical nanoparticles showing improved mucosal transport |
WO2015009799A1 (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2015-01-22 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Composition for application to a mucosa comprising a hydroxyalkyl methylcellulose |
CN112641720A (zh) | 2014-03-03 | 2021-04-13 | 诺华股份有限公司 | 硫辛酸胆碱酯组合物及使用方法 |
EA035620B1 (ru) | 2014-08-11 | 2020-07-16 | Борд Оф Сьюпервайзорз Оф Луизиана Стэйт Юниверсити Энд Эгрикалчурал Энд Мекэникал Колледж | Способы и композиция для лечения или профилактики катаракты |
AU2016413933B2 (en) | 2016-07-06 | 2023-06-15 | Calm Water Therapeutics Llc | Bi-functional co-polymer use for ophthalmic and other topical and local applications |
WO2019230750A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-29 | 2019-12-05 | 学校法人 神野学園 | 外用組成物 |
CN115919754B (zh) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-09-12 | 广州家安化妆品有限公司 | 一种用于灭活病毒的粘膜消毒凝胶及其制备方法 |
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2000
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- 2001-12-03 BR BR0116186-5A patent/BR0116186A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-12-03 MX MXPA03005044A patent/MXPA03005044A/es active IP Right Grant
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Patent Citations (1)
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US4409205A (en) * | 1979-03-05 | 1983-10-11 | Cooper Laboratories, Inc. | Ophthalmic solution |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2278799T3 (es) | 2007-08-16 |
EP1339386B1 (en) | 2007-01-24 |
WO2002045683A2 (en) | 2002-06-13 |
DE60126321T2 (de) | 2007-06-21 |
WO2002045683A3 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
CN1479631A (zh) | 2004-03-03 |
HK1059728A1 (en) | 2004-07-16 |
EP1339386A2 (en) | 2003-09-03 |
MXPA03005044A (es) | 2003-09-05 |
US20020114778A1 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
BR0116186A (pt) | 2003-12-16 |
CA2430995A1 (en) | 2002-06-13 |
KR20030060977A (ko) | 2003-07-16 |
AU2002233978B2 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
JP2004514731A (ja) | 2004-05-20 |
AU3397802A (en) | 2002-06-18 |
KR100840438B1 (ko) | 2008-06-20 |
CA2430995C (en) | 2008-10-14 |
US6703039B2 (en) | 2004-03-09 |
DE60126321D1 (de) | 2007-03-15 |
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