CN100350148C - 具有非线性流动路径的管道 - Google Patents

具有非线性流动路径的管道 Download PDF

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CN100350148C
CN100350148C CNB2005100094175A CN200510009417A CN100350148C CN 100350148 C CN100350148 C CN 100350148C CN B2005100094175 A CNB2005100094175 A CN B2005100094175A CN 200510009417 A CN200510009417 A CN 200510009417A CN 100350148 C CN100350148 C CN 100350148C
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insert
conduit
curved section
motor
tube equipment
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CN1673513A (zh
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戴夫·普勒克诺瓦
约翰·加思韦特
加里·格拉齐拉尼
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Briggs and Stratton Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0053—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor combined with a final operation, e.g. shaping
    • B29C45/006—Joining parts moulded in separate cavities
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
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    • F02M35/10013—Means upstream of the air filter; Connection to the ambient air
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    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/10091—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by details of intake ducts: shapes; connections; arrangements
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    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/10242—Devices or means connected to or integrated into air intakes; Air intakes combined with other engine or vehicle parts
    • F02M35/10262—Flow guides, obstructions, deflectors or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B29C66/73941—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
    • B29K2101/10—Thermosetting resins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2667/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
    • B29L2023/004—Bent tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/1015—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by the engine type
    • F02M35/1017—Small engines, e.g. for handheld tools, or model engines; Single cylinder engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

一种用于沿着一个包括弯头的路径导向流体的通道。该通道包括一个导管，其具有第一孔、第二孔以及与第二孔相邻的弯曲部分。外弯曲面作为导管的一部分整体地形成以至少部分地限定第二孔。插入物包括内弯曲面的至少一部分并且至少部分地置于第二孔中以使得外弯曲面和内弯曲面一起至少部分地限定出该弯曲。

Description

具有非线性流动路径的管道
技术领域
本发明总的来说涉及内燃机。更具体地说，本发明涉及用于在内燃机内导向流体的歧管或其它管道。
背景技术
内燃机一般用于为例如旋耕机、割草机、修边机等草坪维护和园艺设备提供动力。这些内燃机通常包括一个将空气/燃料混合物供给至一个或多个气缸的化油器。
有时希望将化油器或其它空气/燃料混合装置布置在发动机的一侧，而气缸的进气阀位于相反侧。在这种类型的布置中，使用了进口连通歧管或管以便为空气/燃料混合物提供流动路径。为了通过减少湍流的流体流动而提供最好的空气/燃料混合物，希望在化油器和气缸进口之间提供尽可能最平滑的流体路径。因而，具有平滑弯头的直管要优于具有相对急弯或小内径弯头的典型的管。
一些现有技术的管由金属制成。这些金属管通常由两片分离的部分制成。具体地，一个管部分附着于模铸部分。然而，这些管具有急弯的内径并且制造成本相对较昂贵。
其它管由热塑性材料制成。然而，发动机产生的高温会软化热塑性材料。这种软化使得必须使用更刚性的管，其包括凸缘插入物(shoulder insert)、加强肋或其它加强部件。另外，必须使用0形环或垫圈以保证密封以及使管与最热的发动机部件绝热。还需要其它部件，例如金属的螺纹插入物，因而增加了热塑性管的成本。这些额外的成本增加了发动机的成本。
具有预期内径的管可以利用多片或旋转型芯制造。然而，过去所用的这种制造方法成本很高。另外，热固性塑料在与旋转型芯一起使用时易于引起磨损和粘结问题。这使得难以利用热固性塑料形成具有预期内径的壁平滑的部件。
图1以剖面图的方式示出了一个现有技术中的管1。从中可以看出，管2的内角不是圆角的。这个急弯角引起了湍流或其它不希望有的流动损失。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于沿着一个包括弯头的路径导向流体的歧管或管。该管包括一个导管，其具有第一孔、第二孔以及与第二孔相邻的弯曲部分。外弯曲面作为导管的一部分整体地形成以至少部分地限定第二孔。插入物包括内弯曲面的至少一部分并且至少部分地置于第二孔中以使得外弯曲面和内弯曲面一起至少部分地限定出该弯曲。
在另一个方面，本发明提供了一种发动机，其包括限定了燃烧室的发动机壳体。化油器或其它空气/燃料混合装置(例如节流阀体)用于将燃料流与空气流混合以产生空气-燃料混合物，一个活塞在燃烧室内响应于空气/燃料混合物的燃烧而往复运动。一个进口连通管布置为从化油器接收空气-燃料混合物并一般通过进口和阀将空气-燃料混合物传送至燃烧室。进口连通管包括一个导管，其具有第一孔、第二孔以及弯曲部分。外弯曲面作为导管的一部分整体地形成以至少部分地限定第二孔。本发明还包括一个具有内弯曲面的插入物。该插入物与外弯曲面一起至少部分地限定第二孔。
在又一个方面，本发明提供了一种制造一种限定了具有弯头的流动路径的进口连通管的方法。这种方法包括：提供一个模具，该模具包括构造为形成导管的第一腔，该导管包括一个至少部分地由弯头的外弯曲面限定的孔。该模具还包括第二腔，该第二腔构造为形成插入物，该插入物限定了弯头的内弯曲面。该方法还包括用形成导管和插入物的塑料充满模腔以及将插入物定位于该孔中以使得内弯曲面和外弯曲面一起至少部分地限定该弯头。因而，两个部件在同一个两腔的“多腔”模具中形成以使得插入物的额外成本很标准，只是相当于额外塑料的成本。
在下述示例出如今所知实施本发明的最佳模式的详细说明之上，其它特点和优点对于本领域的技术人员而言很明显。
附图说明
详细说明具体地参考附图，其中：
图1是现有技术的进口连通管的剖面图；
图2是具有发动机的割草机的透视图；
图3是图2所示具有进口连通管的发动机的透视图；
图4是图3的进口连通管的分解透视图；
图5是图3的进口连通管的后视图；
图6是图3的进口连通管的正视图；
图7是适用于图3的进口连通管的制造的模具的分解透视图；
图8是沿着图6的8-8线所截取的管的剖面图；
图9是插入物的仰视图；
图10是具有压扁肋的插入物的透视图；
图11是具有作为导管部分的部件而形成的压扁肋的连通管的分解透视图；和
图12是具有搭扣配合布置的连通管的分解透视图。
具体实施方式
参考图2，其中示出了表现为割草机10的庭院设备(yardimplement)。割草机10包括发动机15，其布置为驱动一个切割位于割草机10下面的草的旋转刀片。这种用于驱动割草机10的发动机15也适于驱动其它类型的户外动力设备(例如旋耕机、机械钻、修边机、劈木机、草坪修剪机、刨丝机/粉碎机、扫雪机、压力清洗装置以及发电机)。
图3示出的一种这样的发动机15包括燃料箱20、化油器25、气缸30、火花塞35和进口连通管40。燃料和空气在化油器25中混合并通过至少部分地限定于连通管40中的流动路径45流动至气缸30。普通技术人员能认识到，其它部件或零件(例如进口和阀)通常布置在连通管40和气缸30之间。因而，虽然此处将连通管40描述为将空气或空气/燃料混合物导向至气缸或燃烧室，但是应当理解的是，其它部件或零件可布置在连通管和气缸或燃烧室之间。火花塞35在位于气缸30内的燃烧室中给空气/燃料混合物点火以产生可用的动力。为了更好地将化油器与排出热相隔绝，希望将发动机部件布置为使得化油器25位于气缸盖的相对排气消声器的相对侧。这种布置要求管40弯曲90度以便将空气-燃料混合物导向至预期位置。应当理解的是，其它发动机布置可能需要更长或更短的进口连通管。另外，其它发动机可能需要非90度的弯头或需要多个弯头。其它发动机仍可能需要多个管，或者一个具有多个布置为将空气/燃料混合物导向至多个气缸的流动通道的部件(歧管)。这样，此处所述的进口连通管40只是这种适于图3所述具体发动机15的一个实例。另外，其它应用可使用类似于此处所述的管。例如，一个类似于此处所述的管可用于在水冷或液冷发动机中输送发动机冷却剂。
还应当说明的是，虽然此处描述的是一种具有燃烧室的火花塞点火内燃机，但是本发明同样也适于用在其它也是在封闭的燃烧室内燃烧但没有使用火花塞的发动机(例如柴油机)。连通管40可用于柴油和燃料喷射发动机中以便单独地向进口提供空气。
在图4-6和8中更好地示出的进口连通管40包括管出口50，其相对于连通管进口55以大致90度的角度朝向。这样，流动路径45弯曲90度以便将空气/燃料混合物从进口55导向至出口50。虽然平滑的90度弯头对于发动机功能来说不是必要的，但是平滑的流动路径45和90度弯头能减少空气/燃料混合物在化油器25和气缸进口之间的湍流，从而改进了发动机的运行。
转向图4，其中示出了进口连通管40的分解视图。进口连通管40包括管或导管部分60和插入物65。导管部分60限定了进口连通管40的基本部分。导管部分60包括大致管状的进口端70并限定了管进口55。管进口55与化油器25流体流动相通以便接收用于传送至气缸30的空气-燃料混合物。进口端70可包括一个附着至化油器25的凸缘以形成密封，或者可以如此处所示为直的。直的进口端70装配在一个开口中并且由一个在化油器25和导管部分60之间形成密封的软垫圈(例如橡胶)所围绕。
导管部分60还包括一个限定了连接凸缘80的出口端75。连接凸缘80包括一个大致平面的凸缘表面85和两个紧固件孔90。凸缘表面85与一个靠近气缸30的平状连接表面相啮合以便将进口连通管40固定地附着至气缸30。在一些构造中，在凸缘表面85和连接表面之间布置垫圈、0形环等以便提供满足适当发动机运行的气体密封。垫圈可附着至凸缘表面85，或者可以简单地夹在凸缘表面85和气缸30之间。两个紧固件95(例如螺栓、螺钉、双头螺栓、自攻螺钉等)穿过紧固件孔90并完成进口连通管40至气缸30的连接。
出口端75还包括一个至少部分地由两个作为导管60的一部分形成的凹下定位表面105所限定的凹口或出口孔100(如图所示)。凹下表面105构造为当其位于导管部分60的出口孔100中时与插入物65啮合。一旦被插入，凹口限制了插入物65在除了远离和垂直凸缘表面85的其它方向上的移动。垫圈92与凸缘表面85啮合以便在进口连通管40和气缸30之前形成密封。另外，垫圈92保持插入物65并限制其在垂直于凸缘表面85的方向上的移动。由于垫圈靠近热的发动机部件，应当使用高温材料(例如软金属、陶瓷、garlock、尼龙、橡胶等)。
在其它构造中，使用高温粘合剂来限制插入物65远离和垂直于凸缘表面65的移动。粘合剂可应用于任何与导管部分60相接触的表面以获得插入物65至导管部分60的粘合。
图8示出了另一个使用紧固件110将插入物65附着至导管60的构造。紧固件110穿过导管部分60以便啮合以及固定地附着插入物65。其它构造可使用其它紧固件或多于一个紧固件以便将插入物65附着至导管110。例如，另一个构造使用了两个穿过凹下表面105的紧固件以啮合插入物65。
在另一个其它构造中，插入物65通过搭扣配合与导管部分60啮合(如图12所示)。插入物65包括凸元件111，而导管60包括一个与凸元件111啮合以便将插入物65与导管60锁闭在一起的凹元件112。当然，其它构造可以颠倒凸元件111和凹元件112的位置。
在另一个其它构造中，插入物65包括至少一个当插入物65插入导管部分60时发生变形的“压扁”肋113(如图10所示)。在另一个构造中，如图11所示，压扁肋113作为导管部分60的一部分形成。普通技术人员能认识到，还有很多啮合插入物65和导管部分60的方式。因而，本发明不应当限于此处所表现的几个实例。
如图4和8所示，导管60还限定了90度弯头的外流动表面115。外流动表面115形成了空气/燃料混合物的平滑流动路径45的一部分。应当说明的是，虽然此处所示和描述的是90度弯头，但是利用本发明也能获得其它角度。例如，可以利用此处所述的导管和插入物布置形成45度弯头。
参考图4、8和9，其中更完全地示出了插入物65。插入物65包括两个啮合凹下表面105的侧面120和一个用作正确定位插入物65的后表面125。插入物65还包括底面130，其是弯曲的以限定流动路径45的一部分。
两个侧面120的轮廓形成为与导管60出口端75中的出口孔100的轮廓相匹配。因而，侧面120可以是平的或有轮廓的以获得预期配合。虽然侧面120的实际形状并不重要，只要导管60和插入物65之间能实现充分的配合，不过使用稍微有轮廓的形状(即非平面的侧面)能有助于管40的装配。具有非平面的侧面，插入物65只能在一个方向上置于导管60中，因而确保了正确装配。每个侧面120的一个边缘135是弯曲的以与导管60内凹下表面105的曲线相匹配。弯曲的边缘135与后表面125一起将插入物65在轴向以及垂直于出口孔100的方向上正确定位。
插入物65的底面130与导管60的外流动表面一起限定了流动路径45中的90度弯头。当底面130正确地定位于导管60的开口孔100内时，其限定了弯头的内流动表面140。
因而，装配之后，导管60和插入物65一起限定了一个完整的流动路径45，沿着流动路径45在任何点上其具有大致圆形的横截面(垂直于流动路径45的中心轴线1-1截取)。如图8所示，插入物65和导管部分60一起限定了预期平滑流动路径45。
为了制造进口连通管40，多腔铸模145是优选的。如果希望，也能为管40和插入物65中的每一个使用分离的模具。图7所示的多腔铸模145包括用于导管部分60的第一空间或腔150以及用于插入物65的第二空间或腔155。因而，两个部件60，65同时由相同的材料制成。在一些构造中，提供了多个空间150，155以允许同时制造多个部件。
在大多数构造中，使用热固性塑料(例如聚酯)。然而，其它构造可能使用其它材料(例如铸铁、钢、陶瓷、复合材料等)。模具145包括一起限定两个空间150，155的上半部160和下半部165。空间150，155充满了形成部件60，65的预定材料。对于导管60，可使用型芯来限定流动路径45的直部和出口孔100。可选地，流动路径45和出口孔100可在后续制造步骤中机械加工而成。一旦形成了两个部件60，65，插入物65置于导管60的出口孔100中并可以胶合、与紧固件110连接、与垫圈92和螺钉连接、或者相反连接至导管60，从而形成管40。
在操作中，化油器25以预定比例混合燃料和空气以产生空气/燃料混合物。空气/燃料混合物流出化油器并进入进口连通管40的进口55。从进口55，空气/燃料混合物经过导管部分60并且然后经过弯头附近。从弯头，空气/燃料混合物经过管出口55到达气缸30，其在该处燃烧。通常，在管出口50和气缸30之间布置进口和阀。
虽然已经详细地描述的进口连通管40，但是如此处所述这样构造的管还有很多其它用途。例如，将空气从空气清洁器导向至化油器的管能如此处所述那样制造。此外，如此处所述的管能用于为水冷或液冷发动机提供一个或多个冷却剂流动路径。因而，本发明不应限于只是用作进口连通管40。如此处所述这样制造的管也适于涉及将流体从进口通过一个弯头移动至出口的用途。这种管还特别适于涉及将流体从进口通过一个弯头移动至出口并且其中进口和出口之一或两者都处于升高的温度环境下(例如高于150)的应用。
本发明提供了平滑的流动通道以改进流动效率。本发明还使得能用热固性塑料制造这种平滑的通道，虽然由于使用旋转或多片型芯的问题通常难以用热固性材料制造这种注射模制的通道。
尽管已经参考某些优选实施例详细地描述了本发明，但是在本发明如下述权利要求所述和限定的范围和精神范围之内存在着变形和修改。

Claims (40)

1.一种用于沿着一个包括弯头的路径导向流体的管道装置，该管道装置包括：
导管，其具有第一孔、第二孔以及与第二孔相邻的弯曲部分；
外弯曲面，其作为导管的一部分整体地形成以至少部分地限定第二孔；
插入物，其包括内弯曲面的至少一部分，该插入物靠近第二孔布置为使得外弯曲面和内弯曲面一起至少部分地限定出该弯头。
2.如权利要求1所述的管道装置，其中导管和插入物中的至少一个由热固性塑料形成。
3.如权利要求2所述的管道装置，其中该热固性塑料包括聚酯。
4.如权利要求1所述的管道装置，其中该弯曲部分至少部分地限定了一个凸缘。
5.如权利要求4所述的管道装置，其中该导管还包括一个直管部分。
6.如权利要求4所述的管道装置，其中该弯曲部分包括一个设计为容纳插入物的凹口。
7.如权利要求1所述的管道装置，其中该弯曲部分包括布置为与插入物啮合的相对脊。
8.如权利要求1所述的管道装置，其还包括邻近插入物和弯曲部分布置的垫圈。
9.如权利要求8所述的管道装置，其中该垫圈与导管一起将插入物保持在预期位置。
10.如权利要求1所述的管道装置，其中该插入物通过粘合剂接合至弯曲部分。
11.如权利要求1所述的管道装置，其还包括可用于将插入物附着至弯曲部分的紧固件。
12.如权利要求11所述的管道装置，其中该紧固件是螺钉。
13.如权利要求1所述的管道装置，其中该流体是空气一燃料混合物。
14.如权利要求1所述的管道装置，其中该流体是冷却剂。
15.如权利要求1所述的管道装置，其中该流体是进入的空气。
16.如权利要求1所述的管道装置，其中弯曲部分和插入物中的至少一个包括有可用于将插入物附着至弯曲部分的压扁肋。
17.如权利要求1所述的管道装置，其中弯曲部分和插入物之一包括一个凹元件，弯曲部分和插入物中的另一个包括一个可与该凹元件相啮合以便将插入物附着至弯曲部分的凸元件。
18.一种发动机，包括：
发动机壳体，其限定了燃烧室；
混合装置，其可用于将燃料流与空气流混合以产生空气-燃料混合物；
活塞，其在燃烧室内响应于空气/燃料混合物的燃烧而往复运动；
进口管道装置，其布置为从混合装置接收空气-燃料混合物并将该空气-燃料混合物传送至燃烧室，该进口管道装置包括：
导管，其具有第一孔、第二孔以及弯曲部分；
外弯曲面，其作为导管的一部分整体地形成以至少部分地限定第二孔；
插入物，其包括内弯曲面，该插入物与外弯曲面一起至少部分地限定第二孔。
19.如权利要求18所述的发动机，其中导管和插入物中的至少一个由热固性塑料形成。
20.如权利要求19所述的发动机，其中该热固性塑料包括聚酯。
21.如权利要求18所述的发动机，其中该弯曲部分至少部分地限定了一个凸缘。
22.如权利要求21所述的发动机，其中该导管还包括一个直管部分。
23.如权利要求21所述的发动机，其中该弯曲部分包括一个设计为容纳插入物的凹口。
24.如权利要求18所述的发动机，其中该导管包括一个凸缘表面，并且其中该凹口限制插入物在除了远离和垂直于凸缘表面之外的所有方向上的移动。
25.如权利要求18所述的发动机，其中该弯曲部分包括布置为与插入物啮合的相对脊。
26.如权利要求18所述的发动机，其还包括邻近插入物和弯曲部分布置的垫圈。
27.如权利要求26所述的发动机，其中该垫圈与导管一起将插入物保持在预期位置。
28.如权利要求18所述的发动机，其中该插入物通过粘合剂接合至弯曲部分。
29.如权利要求18所述的发动机，其还包括可用于将插入物附着至弯曲部分的紧固件。
30.如权利要求29所述的发动机，其中该紧固件是螺钉。
31.如权利要求18所述的发动机，其中弯曲部分和插入物中的至少一个包括有可用于将插入物附着至弯曲部分的压扁肋。
32.如权利要求18所述的发动机，其中弯曲部分和插入物之一包括一个凹元件，弯曲部分和插入物中的另一个包括一个可与该凹元件相啮合以便将插入物附着至弯曲部分的凸元件。
33.一种制造限定了具有弯头的流动路径的进口连通管道装置的方法，该方法包括：
提供第一模具，该第一模具包括构造为形成导管的第一腔，该导管包括一个至少部分地由弯头的外弯曲面限定的孔；
提供第二模具，该第二模具包括构造为形成插入物的第二腔，该插入物包括弯头的内弯曲面的至少一部分；
用形成导管和插入物的材料充满第一模腔和第二模腔；
将插入物邻近该孔定位以使得内弯曲面和外弯曲面一起至少部分地限定该弯头。
34.如权利要求33所述的方法，其中第一模具和第二模具形成单一的多腔模。
35.如权利要求33所述的方法，其中该材料包括热固性塑料。
36.如权利要求33所述的方法，其中该导管包括第一凸缘表面，该插入物包括第二凸缘表面，第一凸缘表面与第二凸缘表面一起至少部分地限定一个连接凸缘。
37.如权利要求33所述的方法，其还包括邻近插入物和导管布置一个垫圈以使得垫圈和导管一起保持插入物。
38.如权利要求33所述的方法，其还包括将插入物附着至导管。
39.如权利要求38所述的方法，其中连接步骤包括将粘合剂应用至插入物和导管中的至少一个。
40.如权利要求38所述的方法，其中连接步骤包括利用紧固件。
CNB2005100094175A 2004-02-13 2005-02-08 具有非线性流动路径的管道 Expired - Fee Related CN100350148C (zh)

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AU2005200463A1 (en) 2005-09-01
EP1564399A1 (en) 2005-08-17
US7373956B2 (en) 2008-05-20
DE602005008781D1 (de) 2008-09-25

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