CN100349729C - 多层材料带的超声复合装置 - Google Patents

多层材料带的超声复合装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100349729C
CN100349729C CNB028228669A CN02822866A CN100349729C CN 100349729 C CN100349729 C CN 100349729C CN B028228669 A CNB028228669 A CN B028228669A CN 02822866 A CN02822866 A CN 02822866A CN 100349729 C CN100349729 C CN 100349729C
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China
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material band
original material
slit
ultrasonic
ultrasonic vibrator
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB028228669A
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CN1589200A (zh
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J·格迈勒
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F5/00—Attaching together sheets, strips or webs; Reinforcing edges
    • B31F5/008—Attaching together sheets, strips or webs; Reinforcing edges by friction, e.g. obtained ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/083—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil
    • B29C65/086—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil using a rotary anvil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/088—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using several cooperating sonotrodes, i.e. interacting with each other, e.g. for realising the same joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/438—Joining sheets for making hollow-walled, channelled structures or multi-tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81422—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being convex
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81433—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined being toothed, i.e. comprising several teeth or pins, or being patterned
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8351—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws
    • B29C66/83511—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9261—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/92611—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the gap between the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9512—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools by controlling their vibration frequency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
    • B31F1/20—Corrugating; Corrugating combined with laminating to other layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
    • B31F1/20—Corrugating; Corrugating combined with laminating to other layers
    • B31F1/24—Making webs in which the channel of each corrugation is transverse to the web feed
    • B31F1/26—Making webs in which the channel of each corrugation is transverse to the web feed by interengaging toothed cylinders cylinder constructions
    • B31F1/28—Making webs in which the channel of each corrugation is transverse to the web feed by interengaging toothed cylinders cylinder constructions combined with uniting the corrugated webs to flat webs ; Making double-faced corrugated cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81463—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint
    • B29C66/81469—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint one placed next to the other in a single line transverse to the feed direction, e.g. shoulder to shoulder sonotrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/959—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 characterised by specific values or ranges of said specific variables
    • B29C66/9592—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 characterised by specific values or ranges of said specific variables in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. X-Y diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2711/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2601/00 - B29K2709/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2711/12—Paper, e.g. cardboard
    • B29K2711/123—Coated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种复合装置，它借助于超声波将多层材料带(6，7)在一个第一缝隙(15，42，54)中进行复合，后者位于一个超声振动器(16，43，55)和至少一个第一相对模具(10，44，50)之间。根据本发明，通过一个第一输送装置(12，14)将一种平整的第一初始材料带(2，4，6a)、以及通过一个第二输送装置(13，10)将一种平整的第二初始材料带(3a，3，6)输送到缝隙(15，42，54)中。

Description

多层材料带的超声复合装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种将多层材料带在超声波振动器与相对模具之间的缝隙中借助于超声作用进行复合的装置。
背景技术
在DE 44 39 284 C3中，描述了一种装置，借助于超声振动单元和一个相对模具，对材料带进行连续的超声处理。材料带可以包含不同数量的层，不过它们都已经叠放在一起形成了统一的材料带后，导入到缝隙之中。根据缝隙中超声波的强度，材料带在加工过程中彼此复合在一起，或者进行剪切。从材料带的宽度方向看，加工宽度狭窄。
在DE 100 27 735 C1中给出了一种超声波加工装置，其中一个已经上下叠放在一起的多层材料带被送入到超声振动单元与一个相对模具之间的缝隙中。材料带之间的复合在材料带的宽度方向上局限于一个狭窄的区域中。在材料带受牵引通过缝隙时，各层彼此焊接起来，原因是其中的一层为可焊接的柔性薄层。为此需要有一层热塑性薄层，通过在超声波场中发热而融化，并且造成各层之间的互相粘连。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：设计一种对多层材料带进行超声复合的装置，借助于这样的装置能够对不同的材料带进行范围广泛的应用。
该目标是通过一种借助于超声波、在位于一个第一超声波振动器和至少一个第一相对模具之间的第一缝隙内，对多层材料带进行复合的装置的来现的，该装置具有一个第一输送装置，来向第一缝隙输送至少一个第一平面状的初始材料带；以及一个第二输送装置，输送一个第二平面状初始材料带到第一缝隙中，其中：由第二输送装置输送的第二初始材料带经过波纹造型处理，并且借助于超声波振动器与第一初始材料带复合成具有承载能力的轻质结构，并且在所述第一和/或者第二输送装置上，附加安置有一个涂覆装置，来将一种液体，尤其是水或者含水的液体涂抹到第一、第二和/或第三初始材料带上。
通过本发明的装置，综合获得如下可能应用领域：
-大致在材料带的整体宽度上，实现材料带的各单层之间的大面积、连续的或不连续的结合。
-在没有热塑性辅助材料的情况下，同样能够实现材料带的复合。
-对材料带的一个或者多个层进行加工，接下来使用同样的工具或工具的相同部件对材料带进行复合。
-在结合区域为不连续而且分散开的情况下，在超声复合过程中对能量的使用进行优化。
-在包含纤维的材料带中，在彼此接触的界面上实现微观结合。
在生产波纹纸板时，通过本发明的装置可以获得下述各优势或优势之一：
-减少波纹纸板带生产过程中的湿度记录。
-减少带层复合过程中的热量记录。
-减少复合起来的波纹纸板带干燥过程中的能量消耗量。
-减少或完全省略掉了连接剂(粘接剂)。
-大幅度减少波纹纸板生产机器的几何尺寸。
-通过省略掉或者减少必要的预热阶段，更快地完成机器的调节转换。
-省略掉或者缩短了装置重新开动后的启动阶段。
在上述装置中，对材料带中的多层在一个第一超声波振动器和至少一个第一相对模具之间的第一缝隙中，借助于超声波进行复合。至少一个平面形状的第一初始材料带和一个平面形状的第二初始材料带，借助于一个第一和一个第二送料器分别输送到第一缝隙中。第一和第二初始材料带最好是在即将进入缝隙前或者在缝隙内才互相接触。
在一种构造中，对送入的第二初始材料带进行波纹造型处理。也可以将送入的第一初始材料带或者其它的材料带进行波纹造型。抛光意味着初始材料带具有规则的或者不规则的三维方向上的表面结构。第二初始材料带的表面和/或底面不是平整的，具有凹凸。较好的情况下，波纹造型的方向为材料带的纵向或者横向。波纹造型可以是直线状、锯齿状或者波纹状的。为了获得可以承受载荷作用的复合结构，对经过波纹造型的初始材料带进行波纹处理或者进行弯折，以便利用第一初始材料带获得能承载的轻质结构。
较好的安置方式是：第一超声波振动器与第一初始材料带相接触，而使相对模具与第二初始材料带相接触。这样，超声波振动器安置时，可以贴靠在第一初始材料带的表面上，或者直接与其接触。而第一超声波振动器的超声波发射表面，与经过波纹造型处理的第一和第二初始材料带上的复合区之间的距离非常小。
如果第二输送器具有一个波纹造型辊对来对第二初始材料带进行波纹造型处理，就可以在一个装置上实现第一与第二初始材料带之间的复合，并且也可以对第二初始材料带进行波纹造型处理。波纹造型辊对可以产生上面提到的第二初始材料带的波纹造型。为了获得材料带的横向上伸展的波纹造型，波纹造型辊在轴向上具有波纹造型；为了获得材料带纵向上的伸展的波纹造型，则需要辊对在圆周方向上进行波纹造型。具有两个波纹辊的波纹造型辊对具有特殊优势，如同由它对波纹纸板进行波纹带成形时大家共知的那样。
在一种具有特别优势的构造中，波纹造型辊对的一个波纹造型辊作为超声波振动器的相对模具。这样，第二初始材料带首先穿过波纹造型辊对时完成波纹造型，接下来为了改善第一初始材料带与第二初始材料带之间的复合而投入使用。这样，第一超声波振动器就不再需要有独立的、经过特殊加工的相对模具了。
第一波纹造型辊上的圆顶或者浮凸最强烈地接近于第一超声波振动器的超声波发射表面。通过一个超声波反射表面，使超声波较强烈地被波纹造型辊反射开，并且进入到波纹造型辊内的超声波记录减弱。最好在波纹造型辊的圆顶或者浮凸所在区域中构成超声波反射表面。这样提高在缝隙中的超声波压力。较好的方式是将超声波反射回到第一超声波振动器上，这样，在缝隙中的场强还能进一步得到提高。因此，还能够有利于在缝隙中形成驻波。
如果为第一超声波振动器配置一个第一供电器，后者的功率可以随时间变化，就可以使供应功率记录根据所完成的复合的需要随时调节。功率需求就可以减少，并且也同样减少输送到材料带中的热量。这样可以在材料带之间产生不连续的结合区域。如果需要在材料带之间获得大面积的结合，要使这种不连续的结合区域沿着材料带的宽度和长度方向平整地分布开。
如果第二初始材料带在纵向上具有周期性的波纹造型，功率模块的时间变化周期，通过第一电源器来与材料带穿过缝隙时的波纹造型周期相同，而具有优势。最好的方式是功率模块的周期自身可以改变，从而在材料带穿过的速度发生变化时，周期自身能够彼此适应。较好的方式是当缝隙中正好有材料带上一个区域穿过时，由电源装置来给定其最大功率，该区域中第二初始材料带贴靠于第一初始材料带上。这里，在该区域中所提供的功率和/或者所传递到材料带中的能量，最好是使材料带之间能够实现实际的复合。
功率的调制可以为振荡形式的。这样，可以使超声波振动器做到材料友好的工作状态下，原因是不会出现功率跳跃，从而避免超声波振动器发生表面振动。振荡也可以通过处于第一电源器内的模块自身来实现。或者通过超声波振动器的激发频率与超声波振动器自身的频率之间的不协调来实现该调制。振荡的频率允许通过激发与超声波振动器自身频率之间的频率差来进行调制。这样，振荡的周期就能够对材料带在缝隙中的穿过速度进行匹配。
在一种优势性的构造中，由一个第三送料器将一个平整的第三初始材料带输送到一个第二缝隙之中，后者位于一个第二超声波振动器和至少一个第二相对模具之间。在第二缝隙中，材料带(如由第一和第二初始材料带组成)与第三或者另外的初始材料带进行复合。在一种构造中，第三初始材料带从第二初始材料带一侧送入。如果第二初始材料带经过波纹造型处理，就通过导入一个平整的第三初始材料带而形成一种三明治结构，如同人们在波纹纸板中见到的那样。
如果第二超声波振动器挨靠着第三初始材料带安置，那么，第二超声波振动器的超声波发射表面与第二和第三初始材料带之间的接触面最接近，在这些构造中，与第二超声波振动器相配合的第二相对模具为光滑的辊或者是带波纹造型的辊，后一种情况下，所具有的波纹造型最好是与第一波纹造型辊相对应。
在一种构造中，超声波反射面上的一个凹曲和/或波纹造型辊的超声波反射面的圆顶和/或浮凸，填充有一种材料，相对于超声波反射面所用的材料而言，它具有较弱的超声波反射能力。这样，超声波从缝隙中穿过填充材料并且在下方的超声波反射面上受到初次反射。通过对凹陷进行填充，构成一个平整的面或前凸面，因而在凹陷中不会沉积赃物。反过来，通过对圆顶或者浮凸进行填充，在波纹造型时相应于相对波纹造型辊的定型得以保持，而同时还加强了反射。
在一种构造中，装置具有一个第一和/或一个第二调节单元，来改变第一和/或第二缝隙的宽度。这样，能够适应于不同的材料厚度。缝隙宽度的调整，还能够通过选则第一和/或第二超声波振动器的振动频率，来形成驻波或者共振的方式来实现。共振条件及驻波，也可以在缝隙保持不变的情况下通过改变振动频率来获得。在共振情况下，声波压力在压力腹区域最高，而空气或者材料的移动在压力节点处最高。通过改变缝隙宽度和/或激发频率，改变压力腹及压力节点的位置。如果压力节点推移到结合面所在区域中，在那里就能导致最强烈的材料移位。
在另一种构造中，第一和/或第二加工缝隙延伸宽度至少达到多层的材料带的带宽。较佳的情形是第一和/或第二超声波振动器分成区段，并且具有几个超声波振动器，这样，通过各超声波振动器或振动器组的接通与关断能够调节加工缝隙的长度使其等于材料带的宽度。这样，至少材料带中的两层大面积地连续结合在一起，或者在分散开的不连续区域进行结合。
在一种构造中，借助于一个涂覆器将一种液体散布或涂覆于第一、第二和/或第三初始材料带上，如，使用一个沿着材料带在表面上滚动的辊、或者通过一个喷雾器或同类的物体。这里，布料于材料带之间需要进行结合的区域就足够了。如，需要与第一和/或第二初始材料带在缝隙内进行复合的第二初始材料带，在其经过波纹造型处理的圆顶上涂覆一个潮湿膜层。
在另一种构造中，设计有另一个送料器，它具有另一个波纹造型辊对来对另外的材料带实施波纹造型。这样，除了经过波纹造型处理的第二初始材料带外，还有另一个经过波纹造型处理的初始材料带，被输送到另一个缝隙内，后者位于另一个超声波振动器与另一个相对模具之间。这样，可以制备具有至少两个波纹造型初始材料带的多层材料带。另一个初始材料带上的波纹造型最好有所差别，例如沿着横向伸展，这样，可以得到如具有两层波纹带的波纹纸板。
上面所述的装置，适用于生产波纹纸板。为了将纸带层复合起来，不再必需使用结合剂。尤其不再必需粘结剂。不过，在某些情况下可以使用少量的粘结剂。
上述装置特别适用于将包含纤维细颗粒的材料带进行复合，如纸带或者类似物品的结合。需要进行彼此复合的初始材料带不再必须含有热塑性组分，尤其是热塑性聚合物组分，也不再/或者不再必须涂覆粘结剂。这样，改善了材料的可容忍性和/或其再生(循环利用)的适应性。
在材料带包含纤维细颗粒的情况下，能够单独地或者通过与不同组分配合来实现下面所述的复合功能：
-将一种初始材料带的纤维细颗粒与另一种初始材料带的纤维细颗粒进行微观结合。其中，通过在超声波场中的机械运动，颗粒从它们的原始结合中脱出，并与处于其周围那些同样方式脱出的纤维细颗粒复合成新的结合。
-在材料带内的或者处于材料带上的液体通过超声波分散开，并且在局部作用区域中对初始材料带起到机械溶解剂的作用，因此溶解区域内重新进行组合。
通过热作用使初始材料带的联结剂溶解(例如借助于水的作用)，并且在两种彼此接触的初始材料带之间形成新的结合过程中发生硬化。
当生产波纹纸板时，已经证实：为实现纸带之间的复合使用粘结剂并非是必要的。在进行复合之前也不必喷淋水。不过，少量喷洒液体(水)确实可以改善纸带之间的附着力。与此前传统的波纹纸板生产工艺比较，在复合装置之后，不再需要接着进行干燥了。可以完全省略掉干燥装置，或者大幅度地缩小该干燥装置的尺寸。通过相接触的纸带中纤维的微观结合，大幅度改善了所生产的波纹纸板的耐潮湿能力。相对于传统的粘结波纹纸板而言，经受水分较长时间的作用之后，纸带才会脱开。
附图说明
以下借助于图例对本发明的实施例进行说明。图示为：
图1是一台模块化波纹纸板生产机的横截面示意图，
图2A和2B是第三纸装置设置的复合单元的实施例，
图3是波纹纸板生产机的第二个实施例的横截面示意图，
图4A-4C是超声波发射面与反射面的实施例，
图5A和5B是超声波反射面部件，
图6是功率调节的时间变化曲线及其与经过的波纹纸板的横截面的配制，
图7A和7B是沿着纸带横向上的超声波发射器的安置的两个实施例，及
图8A和8B是通过7A和7B的装置所得到的复合区域的图样。
具体实施方式
图1给出了一台模块化的波纹纸板装置的横截面示意图。给出了波纹纸板装置1的三个模块A、B、C。在模块A中，一个第一覆盖带2与一个第一波纹带3相复合。在模块B中，第二覆盖带4与复合在一起的带2、3进行复合。在来自模块B的单层波纹纸板6上，在模块C中复合上第二波纹带5。接下来相连接的是图中未给出的模块D，它将一个第三层的覆盖带复合到第二波纹带5上去，从而得到具有三个覆盖带的两层波纹纸板7。在模块A中，波纹槽辊对10、11将纸带3a制作成第一波纹带3。该第一波纹带3沿着带方向的横向压制出波纹。在模块C中，纸带5a通过波纹槽辊对50、51制得第二波纹带5。该第二波纹带5的波纹或波纹造型沿着带方向伸展，因此在两层波纹纸板7中，带3、5的波纹互相交叉。由下向上的箭头表示了波纹纸板的向前输送方向。与纸带或者覆盖带相啮合或者接触的辊，旋转的速度使其圆周线速度与带的输送速度相同或者大致相等。
纸带2、3a、4、5a按先后顺序分别由第一纸辊支座12、第二纸辊支座13、第三纸辊支座40和第四纸辊支座52供料。在模块A中，由第一纸辊支座12输送的第一覆盖带2通过一个转向辊14改变方向，被导入第一波纹辊10和第一行振动器16之间的第一缝隙15中。另一种可能的选择是在第一纸辊支座12和第一缝隙15之间、尤其在第一转向辊14和第一纸辊支座12之间，安置一个涂胶器17，该涂胶器17具有一个涂胶辊、一个按压辊和一个胶水槽。涂胶辊穿过该胶水槽。涂胶沿着第一覆盖带2的横向进行。替代方案是在第二纸辊支座13和波纹辊对10、11之间安置一个喷湿器18，由它往纸带3a上传送一个湿膜。喷湿器18也可以替换涂胶器17而被安置于第一缝隙15和第一纸辊支座12之间，或者在喷湿器18之外附加安置来湿润纸带3a和2。
在模块A中，行振动器16通过导线19与一个超声波发生器20相连接。从与第一缝隙15相接触的表面上，超声波通过行振动器16向缝隙15内辐射。在缝隙15的相对侧，超声波遇到波纹辊10的表面。
图7A给出了行振动器16的示意图，它处于辊10的对面。行振动器16由多个彼此相邻近的振动段16a-d组成。各振动段16a-d的辐射面为长条状，并且沿着辊轴方向伸展。每个振动段16a-d通过一条导线19a-d与超声波发生器20的一个功率驱动器20a-d相连接。发生器20的驱动方式可以是功率驱动器的相位、振幅和频率都相同。不过，振幅、功率、频率和相位也可以从一个功率驱动器到另一个功率驱动器部分地有所差别，以达到各振动段16a-d运行情况的最优化。比如，将输出功率调节为恒定不变，而对在第一缝隙15内产生共振的频率进行优化。振动段16a-d的一个或者几个段可以接通和关断，由此控制超声波的功率输出仅发生于波纹纸板带或覆盖带和/或波纹带正在通过的地方。通过接通和关断，来调节实际有效的缝隙长度与所需要的波纹纸板宽度相一致。下面描述的行振动器43、70和/或71能够具有相应的构造并受驱动。
在模块B中，第二覆盖带4通过第二转向辊41转向由第一覆盖带2和第一波纹带3组成的复合带，并在第二行振动单元43和反射单元行44之间的第二缝隙42中彼此挨靠在一起。第二行振动器43通过一个超声波发生器45驱动，并可以类同于第一行振动器16构成。在第二缝隙42内，第二覆盖带4与第一波纹带3相接触并在接触面上彼此结合起来。一个距离传感器46检测到第一波纹带3的峰谷，将信号传送给第二超声波发生器45，以便根据峰谷的顺序和位置情况进行随时间变化的功率调节。根据波纹带在该区域中的向前输送速度，使第二行振动器43的超声波的功率峰在时间上错开输出，其方式为：在第一波纹带3和第二覆盖带4之间的挨靠区域产生最大功率脉冲。其替换方式为在第三纸辊支座40和第二缝隙42之间安置一个润湿器47或者一个图中未给出的涂胶器。它们与模块A中喷湿器18或者涂胶器17相同。
单层的波纹纸板6继续输送到模块C，在这里进入到第三缝隙54内。以相同的速度被输送到第三缝隙54中的还有第二波纹带5，它通过第三和第四波纹辊50、51的相互配合而成型。第三缝隙54在一侧以计算振动器55为界，而在另一侧的边界为第三波纹辊50。计算振动器55受超声波发生器56驱动。在第三缝隙54内，第二波纹带5与第二覆盖带彼此复合，由此得到两层波纹纸板7。
图7B中示意性给出了计算振动器55的俯视图。该计算振动器55由振动段55a-n组成。各个振动段55a-n的辐射面沿着辊的圆周方向呈长条状伸展。此外，辐射面为弯曲状，其半径大致等于辊的半径与缝隙宽度之和。一个振动段的辐射面的伸展区域可以超出第三波纹辊50的几个波纹的范围。当然也可以为波纹辊50的每个波纹设计一个振动段，或者以波纹宽度的四倍为间距。如图7A所给的单元那样，每个振动段55a-n在图7B中受到同步驱动，即具有相同的相位、频率和功率。或者每个段振动器单独优化，如在图7A中已经描述的那样。
图2A和2B给出了模块B的实施例。只要不单独说明，就意味着设计有相同的元件。在图2A中，在第二行振动器43和转向辊41之间构成第二缝隙。这样就省略了反射行44。第二行振动器43的功率输出也可以同步化，其方式为当第二覆盖带4接触到波纹带3时输出最大功率。
在图2B中的实施例中，设计有一个波纹辊48来替代反射行44，它的波纹与第一波纹带3的花样相同。波纹辊48与第一波纹带3的穿过同步化，方式是：当第一波纹带3挨靠于第二覆盖带4上时，波纹辊48的前凸作为第二缝隙42b的缝隙面。也可以装备一个波纹辊48来替代图2A中的转向辊41。
图3给出了一台集成的波纹纸板装置60的一个实施例。从一个第一纸辊支座62上，通过一个第一转向辊67将第一覆盖带61送入。从第二纸辊支座64上通过第二转向辊68将第二覆盖带63送入。由一个纸带65a通过波纹辊对66制得第一波纹带65。纸带65a通过一个第三纸辊支座73输送给波纹辊对66。这三条纸带61、65、63进入到缝隙69内，后者以两个位置相对的行振动器70、71为其边界。行振动器70、71受到一个超声波发生器72的驱动。行振动器70、71可以基本上与图7A所示的行振动器具有相同构造。行振动器70、71彼此相对错开，分别挨靠于带61和63上，错开第一波纹带65的半个波纹网格间距。在这种情况下，当第一波纹带65在第二行振动器71的超声波发生面所在区域中与第二覆盖带63贴靠在一起时，第一波纹带65在第一行振动器70的超声波发生面所在区域中贴靠于第一覆盖带61上。也可以被动地驱动行振动器70、71之一，从而使其通过其它行振动器的超声波来激发它发生振动。
在缝隙69中，带61、63和65在空间上非常紧密地彼此贴靠在一起进行复合，因此集成的波纹纸板装置60的构造尺寸大幅度地缩小了。如图1所示，可以相应地通过一个湿润器或一个涂胶器来将湿气或胶水传送到第一覆盖带61、第二覆盖带63和/或者第一波纹带65的一侧或者双侧上去。可以在后面按照序列C、B、D或者B、D续接另外的模块。
图4A给出了第一波纹辊10、缝隙宽度为H的第一缝隙15和第一行振动器16的前部的横截面的放大图。发射超声波的行振动器18的前表面为凹曲状的，以抛物线形或者圆弧形为佳，这样，超声波在朝向第一波纹辊表面的方向上汇聚。凹曲面沿着纸带的横向(垂直于图示平面)伸展。图4B给出了第一波纹辊10的形状，其中，齿21的上侧经过平整处理。平整面可以是平面、凹曲、抛物线、或者圆滑状的。
图4C给出了图3所示的位置相对的行振动器70、71的细节的一个局部。缝隙69的边界面为平面、凹曲、抛物线、或者圆滑状的。凹陷处同样也沿着垂直于图示平面的方向伸展，超出行振动器及其振动段的宽度。通过改变频率或者缝隙宽度h，能够在缝隙69内产生超声驻波。该驻波可以是半波长或者半波长的数倍。行振动器71如上面提到的那样，可以为被动式的，它可以仅仅反射由行振动器70发射的声波，以及受到激发自身发生振动或者发生共振。
图5A给出了图1中的模块B的反射行44的详细图视。反射行44上给定边界的面也是一个凹陷区441。凹陷处同样可以为平面、凹曲、抛物线、或者圆滑状。为了避免沉积灰尘，凹陷441最好用一种材料进行填充，后者在空气/材料的界面上具有很弱的超声波反射率。这样，出现在缝隙侧的超声波的绝大部分穿过该材料441，直到凹陷441的弯曲面上才被反射。这样，达到发出的超声波发生定向反射的效果。图5B给出了经过放大的图4B中所示的齿的横截面。其中，原始的齿顶圆21具有一个材质与材料441相同的齿根211。
图6给出了由超声波发生器20、45和/或者72发射的功率随时间变化的曲线形状。在材料带穿过缝隙15、42、42a、42b、54b和/或者69时，总是当一个材料带贴靠到其他材料带上时，才给出最大发射功率。在图6中通过第一波纹带3说明了这一点，它或者贴靠于第一覆盖带2上、或者挨靠于第二覆盖带4上。上面的时间曲线为功率I的脉冲式输出，下面的时间曲线给出了振荡形式的振动幅度A随时间的变化。这里，周期P等于r/v，其中v是波纹纸板的输送速度，而r是第一波纹带3的网格的尺寸。
图8A给出了波纹纸板面的一个局部，它是利用图7A所示的装置、根据图6所给的随时间变化的功率制得的。在波纹纸板面上，形成了结合区80，它们在带的横向上，相应于振动器段16a-d的间距而间隔开。在带长方向上，结合区80的间距对应于网格的尺寸r。
图8B给出了利用图7B所示的装置所产生的结合线。结合线81的间距对应于第二波纹带5的网格尺寸及振动段55a-n的间距。向计算振动器55连续地输送功率的情况下，结合线81是连续的，而功率变化时，将会部分地断开。
一台波纹纸板装置，并非必须完全由超声波复合模块构成。可以由模块A、B、C或者D之一或者其中的几个，在传统的波纹纸板装置中替换一个或者几个传统的模块。在图3所示的波纹纸板装置上，也可以续接一个或者几个传统的模块、或者续接模块B、C和/或D。传统的模块可以是辊、接合器、预热器、模块纤维(带导引器)、胶水具、加热器、牵引部分和/或后续加工装置，如剪切装置和折叠装置。

Claims (39)

1、一种借助于超声波、在位于一个第一超声波振动器(16；70，71)和至少一个第一相对模具(10；70，71)之间的第一缝隙(15；69)内，对多层材料带进行复合的装置，具有一个第一输送装置(12，14；62，67)，来向第一缝隙(15，69)输送至少一个第一平面状的初始材料带(2，61)；以及一个第二输送装置(13，10；73，66)，输送一个第二平面状初始材料带(3，3a，65a)到第一缝隙(15，69)中，其特征为：由第二输送装置(13，10；73，66)输送的第二初始材料带(3，65)经过波纹造型处理，并且借助于超声波振动器(16；70，71)与第一初始材料带(2，61)复合成具有承载能力的轻质结构，并且在所述第一和/或者第二输送装置(12，14；13，10；62，67；73，66)上，附加安置有一个涂覆装置(18，17)，来将一种液体，尤其是水或者含水的液体涂抹到第一、第二和/或第三初始材料带(2，3，3a，4，6a，6)上。
2、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征为：多层材料带为波纹纸板。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征为：第一超声波振动器(16；70，71)以第一初始材料带(2，61)为边界、而相对模具(10；70，71)以第二初始材料带(3，3a；65，65a)为边界安置。
4、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征为：第二输送装置(13，10；73，66)具有波纹造型辊对(10，11；66)来对第二初始材料带(3，65)进行波纹造型。
5、如权利要求4所述的装置，其特征为：波纹造型辊对(10，11；66)具有两个波纹辊。
6、如权利要求4所述的装置，其特征为：波纹造型辊对的一个第一波纹造型辊(10)起到相对模具的作用。
7、如权利要求4所述的装置，其特征为：第一波纹造型辊(10)的前凸或者圆顶(21)具有一个超声波反射面或者涂层，它具有特殊结构，将超声波至少部分地反射回到第一超声波振动器(16)。
8、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征为：为第一超声波振动器(16；70，71)配置一个第一电源器(20，72)，借助于它可以向第一超声波振动器(16；70，71)输送随时间变化的功率。
9、如权利要求8所述的装置，其特征为：功率调制的周期长度(P)，与缝隙(15，69)中的第二初始材料带(3，65)的波纹造型变化的周期长度(r)，和/或穿过第一波纹造型辊(10)的缝隙宽度调制(H)相同步。
10、如权利要求9所述的装置，其特征为：当经过波纹造型处理的第二初始材料带(3)与第一初始材料带(2)贴靠到一起，和/或第一波纹造型辊(10)处于第一超声波振动器(16)的对面时，第一电源器(20)输出最大功率。
11、如权利要求8所述的装置，其特征为：第一超声波振动器(16；70，71)可以由第一电源器(20，72)激发发射超声波，叠加在它上面的是周期长度(P)和/或缝隙宽度调制(H)的振荡。
12、如权利要求1所述的装置，以一个第三输送装置(40，41；52，50；64，68)为其特征，由它输送一个第三平整状的初始材料带(4，6a，5，63)、尤其是在第二初始材料带(3)一侧，输送到第一缝隙(69)或者第二缝隙(42，42a，42b，54)中。
13、如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征为：在一个第二超声波振动器(43，55)和一个第二相对模具(44，41，48；50)之间设置有第二缝隙(42，42a，42b，54)，来将材料带(2，3；6)与第三初始材料带(4，6a，5)进行复合。
14、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征为：第二超声波振动器(43)以第三初始材料带(4)为界、而第二相对模具(44)以第一初始材料带(2)为界安置。
15、如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征为：第二相对模具(44，41，48；50)具有至少一个超声波反射面，它至少将超声波部分地向第二超声波振动器(43，55)反射回去。
16、如权利要求14所述的装置，其特征为：在带纵向和/或横向上形成至少一个凹曲状的超声波反射面。
17、如权利要求15所述的装置，其特征为：至少一个凹陷(441，211)被一种材料填充，与超声波反射面材料相比，该材料具有较低的超声波反射率。
18、如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征为：第二相对模具(41，48，50)为一个第三辊，尤其是具有波纹造型的辊。
19、如权利要求18所述的装置，其特征为：第三辊(48)的波纹造型间距与经过波纹造型处理的第二初始材料带(3)和/或第一波纹造型辊(10)的波纹造型间距相一致。
20、如权利要求18所述的装置，其特征为：第三辊(48)的转速与材料带的速度同步，其方式是使得第二初始材料带(3)挨靠于第三初始材料带(4)上时，第三辊(48)的一个圆顶贴靠于第一初始材料带(1)上。
21、如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征为：为第二超声波振动器(43，55)配置一个第二电源器(45，56)，通过它可以向第二超声波振动器(43，55)输送随时间变化的功率。
22、如权利要求21所述的装置，其特征为：当经过波纹造型处理的第二初始材料带(3)与第三初始材料带(4)贴靠到一起，和/或第三波纹造型辊(48)的一个前凸(21)或者圆顶处于第二超声波振动器(43)的对面时，第二电源器(45，56)输出最大功率。
23、如权利要求21或22所述的装置，其特征为：第二超声波振动器(43，55)可以由第二电源器(45，56)激发发射超声波，叠加在它上面的是周期长度(P)和/或缝隙宽度调制(H)的振荡。
24、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征之一为一个检测器(46)，通过它，对第二初始材料带(3)的波纹造型条纹在进入第二缝隙(42，54)之前进行检测，另一个特征是一个同步器，使得由第二电源器(45，56)输出的随时间变化的输出功率，和/或第三波纹造型辊(48)的转速同步化。
25、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征为：第一和第二超声波振动器(70，71)并排地安置。
26、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征为第一和/或者第二调节单元，来调节第一和/或第二缝隙的宽度(H，h)。
27、如权利要求26所述的装置，其特征为：第一和/或者第二缝隙的宽度(H，h)选择，使得在第一和/或第二缝隙(15，42，54，69)中，超声波至少部分时间发生共振。
28、如权利要求26所述的装置，其特征为：第一和/或者第二缝隙的宽度(H，h)等于缝隙(15，42，54，69)中超声波的四分之一波长(λ/4)的数倍，最好是半波长或者半波长的数倍。
29、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征为：第一和/或第二加工缝隙(15，42，54，69)的伸展范围至少基本明显地超出带的总体宽度。
30、如权利要求29所述的装置，其特征为：借助于第一超声波振动器(16；70，71)，可以实现第一和第二初始材料带(2，3)之间的复合，和/或借助于第二超声波振动器(43，55)可以将一个至少两层的材料带、尤其是由第一和第二初始材料带(2，3)组成的材料带，与第三初始材料带(4)复合起来，复合方式为大面积的连续性结合，或者分布于整个材料带的不同区域(80，81)上的不连续结合。
31、如权利要求30所述的装置，其特征为：液体中包含粘结剂，最好是水溶性的粘结剂。
32、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征为：为了生产波纹纸板，第一和/或第三初始材料带(2，4)为覆盖带，而第二初始材料带(3，5)为波纹带，最好是纸带。
33、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征为：该装置用于生产波纹纸板。
34、如权利要求33所述的装置，其特征为：为了将第一覆盖带(2)与波纹带(3)和/或第二覆盖带(4)与波纹带(3，5)复合起来，没有使用粘结剂，尤其是胶水。
35、如权利要求33所述的装置，其中第一与第二初始材料带含有纤维细颗粒，尤其是纤维素纤维，和/或其中第二与第三初始材料带含有纤维细颗粒，尤其是纤维素纤维。
36、如权利要求35所述的装置，其中第一与第二初始材料带，和/或第二与第三初始材料带，都不具有热塑性聚合物组分。
37、将多层材料带借助于超声波进行复合的方法，其中，至少一个平整的第一初始材料带(2，61)和一个平整的第二初始材料带(3，3a，65a)被输送到一台超声波振动器(16；70，71)的一个第一缝隙(15，69)中，起特征为：第二初始材料带(3，65)经过波纹造型处理，将一种液体涂抹到第一、第二和/或者第三初始材料带(2，3，3a，4，6a，6)上，并且接下来借助于超声波振动器(16；70，71)与第一和/或第二初始材料带(2，61)通过将初始材料带(2，3，3a，4，6a，6)的纤维相互拼接而复合成一种可以承受载荷的轻质结构。
38、如权利要求37所述的方法，其特征为：经过波纹造型处理的第二初始材料带(3，65)借助于第二超声波振动器(43，55)与第三初始材料带(4)相结合。
39、如权利要求37或38所述的方法，其特征为：使用纸张和/或波纹纸板作为第一和/或第二和/或第三初始材料带(2，61；3，65；4)。
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