CN100349002C - Transversal wave or conversion transversal wave exploration near-earth surface structure survey method - Google Patents
Transversal wave or conversion transversal wave exploration near-earth surface structure survey method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100349002C CN100349002C CNB2005100800277A CN200510080027A CN100349002C CN 100349002 C CN100349002 C CN 100349002C CN B2005100800277 A CNB2005100800277 A CN B2005100800277A CN 200510080027 A CN200510080027 A CN 200510080027A CN 100349002 C CN100349002 C CN 100349002C
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Abstract
A prospecting near surface layer configuration investigating method is suitable for the transverse wave of conversion transverse to earthquake prospecting. Its incepting fashion is in the floor excitation well. Vertically make a hole at the research place and the depth of the well is according to the rock nature. The transverse wave excitation source is the hammer horizontal tap taken by the armor plate and sleeper along the uprightness direction to the wall of the well. Adopt general mini type seismograph to incept the longitudinal and transverse wave signal by the three-component geophone inside the well and take a general disposal to get a veracious for the picking the first transverse wave arrival by the data. It solves the excitation and incepting problem of the field surface research to pure transverse wave and gets the surface layer information of longitudinal wave with low cost and handy manipulation. The wave crest, trough and the first transverse wave arrival are clear with enough energy and accurately reflect the change of the surface layer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the petroleum geology exploration technology, is a kind of shear wave or conversion transversal wave exploration near surface surface structure investigation method that is applicable to seismic prospecting.
Technical background
Oil seismic exploration is to produce seismic event by manual method, by the propagation condition of research seismic event in subterranean strata, and prospecting subsurface geological structure and formation variations, a kind of geophysical exploration method of searching oil gas field.Seismic prospecting can be divided into seismic data acquisition, seismic data processing, three big links of seismic data interpretation.
Seismic data acquisition is to produce seismic event by artificial method, uses explosive source on land usually, beats a bite shallow well at selected shot point, and well depth is generally 6-30 rice.The dose of explosive is generally the 1-25 kilogram, and the electric detonator of packing into is put into the shaft bottom, and fired charge produces seismic event.Receive instrument record by the caused ground vibration signal of the underground seismic event that reflects with surface seismic then, and be recorded on the tape, obtain the corresponding geological sectional view by computing then.
In the seismic data acquisition process, there is the very low stratal configuration of a kind of speed near surface, seismic event is by time cost more time.This structure alters a great deal on vertical and horizontal, so diverse location seismic event elapsed time is also different, and this temporal difference brings very big trouble can for the latter earthquake Data Processing, can not be with superimposed, and underground imaging difficulty.Therefore, obtain to reflect the seismic section of underground truth, just must eliminate the influence of top layer low speed.
In order to eliminate the influence of surface structure to seismic event, just must grasp some physical parameters on top layer, comprise speed, relevant datas such as the degree of depth, lithology situation of change spatially.For near-surface investigation, years of development has been released many methods, little refraction is arranged, micro logging, geology is appeared, land sonar, ground roll exploration, more than ten kind of earthquake such as electromagnetic method and non-seismic method, these methods mainly are to be used for longitudinal wave exploration, for transformed wave and these methods of shear wave exploration and inapplicable.Transformed wave seismic prospecting is the new exploration engineering that development in recent years is got up, and it is ripe that marine transformed wave seismic prospecting technology has become, among land transformed wave seismic prospecting technology is developing.The transformed wave exploration has had a lot of successful application in oil-gas exploration, except that can be used to predict the crack, it can also remedy the dead zone of conventional longitudinal wave exploration at some reflecting interface, existing many examples show both at home and abroad, at the interface more underground, particularly gas-bearing reservoir can not obtain longitudinal wave reflection data preferably, and can obtain transformed wave data preferably (gas-bearing horizon to the absorption of compressional wave much larger than shear wave); Transformed wave exploration also can be used to differentiate true and false " bright spot " on the compressional wave section, some character that can the direct estimation reservoir.Land speed owing to converted shear wave is lower, has aggravated the influence of surface structure to seismic imaging, and compressional wave near-surface investigation data in the past is to converted shear wave and inapplicable.Carry out in the transformed wave exploration shear wave and in length and breadth Bo Lian and near-surface investigation be the key link of seismic prospecting, but also have following problem at present:
(1) it is too high to utilize shear wave source to carry out the expense of pure shear wave exploration merely, is not used for the small-sized shear wave source of near-surface investigation quickly and efficiently.
(2) can not accurately excite and receive ripple joint investigation information in length and breadth in same place.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of operation of being convenient in the open air, rapidly and efficiently excite pure shear wave, on a points for investigation, can finish the shear wave or the conversion transversal wave exploration near surface surface structure investigation method of the associating near-surface investigation of compressional wave and shear wave simultaneously.
The invention provides following technical scheme:
Adopt receive mode in the excitation well of ground, at investigation place vertical drilling, well depth is determined according to lithology, the mode that the shear-wave generation source adopts steel plate to knock in conjunction with the vertical borehole wall direction of sleeper weight level, in well, place three-component seismometer, adopt conventional jug to receive compressional wave and shear wave signal, picked up the shear wave first arrival accurately, finish the near-surface investigation of ripple in length and breadth with the data logging that collects and as conventional processing.
The present invention also provides following technical scheme:
High speed rock stratum 5-25 rice is gone in the perpendicular hole deep drilling, well diameter 10cm-20cm.
Shear-wave generation source sleeper is that 3-5m is long, 10-30cm is wide, 10-20cm is thick, the fixing thick 3-8mm steel plate in above the sleeper and two ends, and the sleeper central point is put apart from the vertical borehole wall direction of well head 1-4m, and sleeper weight or heavy burden are greater than 100 kilograms, and weight is the 4-10 kilogram.
Fix a trigger above the weight, trigger is connected with the small earthquake instrument with cable.
Gather preceding to jug, test when the weight activating system postpones.
A wave detector depth point, on vertical borehole wall direction, knock the plank two ends respectively once during acquired signal, excite and write down two groups of opposite polarity shearing waves, be the shear wave record with weight.
On plank, knock on the vertical ground direction, excite and write down one group of wave of compression, be the compressional wave record.
Pointwise from deep to shallow upwards promotes wave detector, finishes the shear wave and the compressional wave data collection of a depth point, has 4 depth points at least, and the excitating sequence of each depth point compressional wave and shear wave is consistent with record.
Well geophone point is apart from gathering by the some distance of 0.5m for the above top layer of 2m; Gather by the some distance of 1m in the location of 2m-10m; 10m gathers by the some distance of 2m in following location.
Receiving trap adopts R24 road jug, sampling interval 0.25ms, and record length 256ms, record format SEG-2 is provided with 3 roads and carries out record, the 1st, 2 trace record X, Y component, the 3rd trace record Z component.
Exciting and the reception problem when the invention solves pure shear wave field near-surface investigation also can be obtained the top layer data of compressional wave simultaneously on a depth point, save cost, and high efficient and flexible is convenient to operation.The data Wave crest and wave trough take-off of gathering is clear-cut, and first arrival is clear, and energy is enough, is easy to explain, can accurately reflect the surface structure situation of change.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 adopts the apparatus structure synoptic diagram for the present invention logs well;
1 is that cable, 2 is that three-component seismometer, 3 is that sleeper, 4 is that weight, 5 is that jug, 6 is that weight, 7 is a well head among the figure.
The first arrival of the ripple in length and breadth information image that the depth point that Fig. 2 measures for the present invention receives;
Fig. 3 is the shear wave first arrival record diagram of a bite well of the present invention's measurement.
Embodiment
The present invention adopts receive mode in the excitation well of ground, at investigation place vertical drilling, well depth is determined according to lithology, the mode that the shear-wave generation source adopts steel plate to knock in conjunction with the vertical borehole wall direction of sleeper weight level, in well, place three-component seismometer, adopt conventional jug to receive compressional wave and shear wave signal, picked up the shear wave first arrival accurately, finish the near-surface investigation of ripple in length and breadth with the data logging that collects and as conventional processing.
Vertically bore a deep-well in the place that will investigate with machine tools such as rigs earlier, well depth is determined according to lithology, requires to creep into 5-20 rice at least in the high speed lithology, and its speed of high speed lithology is greater than 2200m/s to compressional wave, and shear wave is greater than 1200m/s.
The shear-wave generation mode that the shear-wave generation source adopts steel plate to knock in conjunction with the vertical borehole wall direction of sleeper weight level, the excitaton source sleeper is that 3-5m is long, 10-30cm is wide, 10-20cm is thick, the fixing thick 3-8mm steel plate in above the sleeper and two ends, the sleeper central point is put apart from the vertical borehole wall direction of well head 1-4m, sleeper weight or heavy burden are greater than 100 kilograms, and weight is the 4-10 kilogram.For example get the plank that a 3m is long, 20cm is wide, 10cm is thick, with the fixing thick about 5mm steel plate in two ends, vertical borehole wall direction is put in the above, and the plank central point is gone up the negative 100 kilograms of weights (shown in Figure 1) that surpass apart from well head 2m.
Receive to adopt and place three-component seismometer reception compressional wave and shear wave reception in the well.Receiving trap hangs in a three-component seismometer with wire rope with R24 road jug in the well, is put into the bosom, and three-component seismometer is connected with transmission cable with jug.The instrument that knocks adopts 5 kilograms of weights, fixes a trigger above the weight, and trigger is connected with jug with cable.The effect of trigger is equivalent to a switch, when weight knocks iron plate, produces vibration trigger is started working (short circuit), and the small earthquake instrument begins to receive earthquake information after receiving short-circuit signal.
Upwards promote wave detector by certain apart from pointwise from deep to shallow when measuring the collection data.When beginning to carry out the top layer data collection, on vertical borehole wall direction, knock the plank two ends respectively once with weight, produce two groups of opposite polarity shearing waves, be the shear wave record, because a little less than shear wave energy is wanted than compressional wave, two groups of shear wave records have guaranteed the complete collection of data and the rejecting of stochastic error, have avoided owing to certain knocks the risk that misregistration is lost this geological information.On plank, knock with weight on the vertical ground direction and once produce one group of wave of compression, be the compressional wave record.Finish shear wave and compressional wave data collection, wave detector is promoted the data collection that a distance begins next depth point, so repeat up to surveying complete well depth a depth point.
When each depth point is observed, the excitating sequence of compressional wave and shear wave is consistent, such as, knocking for the first time faces down from plank excites compressional wave, obtaining recording mechanism is 1, the back is knocked from two ends for twice and is excited shear wave, and obtaining recording mechanism is 2,3, then the compressional wave recording mechanism at next one point is 4, the shear wave recording mechanism is 5,6, so analogizes.
Specific implementation process of the present invention can also be according to the following steps:
1) adopts receive mode in the excitation well of ground.
2) well depth: have 4 reference mark at least in the high speed sand layers.
3) excite: knock iron plate (the plank central point is 2m apart from well head) on the sleeper at ground artificial with weight, excite respectively 3 times, earlier knock iron plate above the sleeper downwards, obtain a wave of compression compressional wave record, after knock sleeper two ends iron plate (dorsad each once) and obtain two shearing wave shear wave records.Sleeper must be used weight (or car) compacting, must be clear-cut when knocking iron plate with weight, and it is dilatory to have.
4) receive: single three-component seismometer (mechanical type) receives in X, Y, three component wells of Z.Well geophone point distance: 2m gathers by the some distance of 0.5m on above top layer; Gather by the some distance of 1m in the location of 2m-10m; 10m gathers by the some distance of 2m in following location; Acquisition instrument R24 type shallow refraction instrument, sampling interval 0.25ms, record length 256ms, record format SEG-2.
The present invention also provides following method:
It is preceding to instrument, test when the weight activating system postpones to measure collection, guarantees to receive synchronously with instrument.
The R24 jug is provided with 3 roads and carries out record, the 1st, 2 trace record X, Y component, the 3rd trace record Z component.
The cable of going into the well braces with adhesive tape with the hawser of going into the well is in the same place, and keeps both point-blank.
Each distance that promotes wave detector must be accurate, and in time check.
Fig. 2 of the present invention is the compressional wave of a depth point observing and the first arrival information of two horizontal components of shear wave, and the first arrival take-off is clear-cut as can be seen, and is clear, and to present crest on the contrary mutually relative with trough because knock direction for two groups of shear wave records.Can pick up the shear wave first arrival accurately, simultaneously also avoid certain first arrival to be destroyed and lose the risk of this geological information.
Fig. 3 of the present invention is the shear wave top layer data logging of a bite well, and its first arrival is clear, picks up accurately, can truly reflect the degree of depth and the velocity variations situation of this place's surface structure.
The present invention has done 628 points for investigation on 326 kilometers long surveys line, obtained the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity in top layer and the change in depth situation of each point exactly, has obtained huge productivity effect and economic benefit.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of shear wave or conversion transversal wave exploration near surface surface structure investigation method, it is characterized in that: adopt receive mode in the excitation well of ground, at investigation place vertical drilling, well depth is determined according to lithology, the mode that the shear-wave generation source adopts steel plate to knock in conjunction with the vertical borehole wall direction of sleeper weight level, in well, place three-component seismometer, adopt conventional jug to receive compressional wave and shear wave signal, picked up the shear wave first arrival accurately with the data logging that collects and as conventional processing, finished the near-surface investigation of ripple in length and breadth;
Gather preceding to jug, test when the weight activating system postpones;
A wave detector depth point, on vertical borehole wall direction, knock the plank two ends respectively once during acquired signal, excite and write down two groups of opposite polarity shearing waves, be the shear wave record with weight;
Pointwise from deep to shallow upwards promotes wave detector, finishes the shear wave and the compressional wave data collection of a depth point, has 4 depth points at least, and the excitating sequence of each depth point compressional wave and shear wave is consistent with record;
Well geophone point is apart from gathering by the some distance of 0.5m for the above top layer of 2m; Gather by the some distance of 1m in the location of 2m-10m; 10m gathers by the some distance of 2m in following location;
Described shear-wave generation source sleeper is that 3-5m is long, 10-30cm is wide, 10-20cm is thick, the fixing thick 3-8mm steel plate in above the sleeper and two ends, the sleeper central point is put apart from the vertical borehole wall direction of well head 1-4m, and sleeper weight or heavy burden are greater than 100 kilograms, and weight is the 4-10 kilogram;
Fix a trigger above the described weight, trigger is connected with the small earthquake instrument with cable.
2, a kind of shear wave according to claim 1 or conversion transversal wave exploration near surface surface structure investigation method, it is characterized in that: high speed rock stratum 5-25 rice is gone in the perpendicular hole deep drilling, well diameter 10cm-20cm.
3, a kind of shear wave according to claim 1 or conversion transversal wave exploration near surface surface structure investigation method is characterized in that: knock on the vertical ground direction on plank, excite and write down one group of wave of compression, be the compressional wave record.
4, a kind of shear wave according to claim 1 or conversion transversal wave exploration near surface surface structure investigation method, it is characterized in that: receiving trap adopts R24 road jug, sampling interval 0.25ms, record length 256ms, record format SEG-2,3 roads are set carry out record, the 1st, 2 trace record X, Y component, the 3rd trace record Z component.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101839994A (en) * | 2010-05-07 | 2010-09-22 | 钟世航 | Hammering shock exciting rod |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU890302A1 (en) * | 1980-03-19 | 1981-12-15 | Горный Институт Ордена Ленина Кольского Филиала Им. С.М.Кирова Ан Ссср | Device for shock excitation of sesmic waves in a well |
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| CN101839994A (en) * | 2010-05-07 | 2010-09-22 | 钟世航 | Hammering shock exciting rod |
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