CN112379443A - Longitudinal and transverse wave controlled seismic source micro-logging surface layer analysis system and method - Google Patents
Longitudinal and transverse wave controlled seismic source micro-logging surface layer analysis system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a longitudinal and transverse wave vibroseis micrologging surface layer analysis system and a method, wherein the system comprises a transverse wave excitation device, a longitudinal wave excitation device, a seismic recording instrument and an underground three-component detector; the transverse wave excitation device is used for emitting transverse wave scanning signals, and the longitudinal wave excitation device is used for emitting longitudinal wave scanning signals; the seismic recording instrument is used for controlling the underground three-component detector to collect transverse wave scanning signals and longitudinal wave scanning signals passing through the stratum while the transverse wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device emit transverse wave scanning signals and longitudinal wave scanning signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, in particular to a longitudinal and transverse wave vibroseis micrologging surface layer analysis system and a method.
Background
In the field of geophysical exploration, as oil and gas exploration is deep, single longitudinal wave exploration is difficult to solve the problems of complex structures and thin reservoir resolution, and longitudinal and transverse wave combined exploration needs to be developed. The shear wave surface survey is an important work of a shear wave seismic acquisition project and is a premise and a basis for solving near-surface modeling and static correction calculation. Converted wave two-dimensional, converted wave three-dimensional, pure transverse wave two-dimensional, longitudinal and transverse wave two-dimensional and longitudinal and transverse wave three-dimensional seismic exploration is successively developed in the three-lake area of the Chadada basin from 2001, wherein micro-logging is an effective method for improving the precision of transverse wave surface layer investigation, and transverse wave surface layer investigation is carried out by various transverse wave micro-logging construction modes such as left-right knocking of sleepers, electric spark excitation micro-logging, small refraction due to knocking of lateral steel plates and the like. However, the conventional shear wave surface layer survey method has a problem of weak excitation energy, and limits the depth of shear wave survey.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a longitudinal and transverse wave vibroseis micro-logging surface layer analysis system, which improves transverse wave excitation energy to improve the depth of transverse wave surface layer investigation. The invention also aims to provide a longitudinal and transverse wave vibroseis micrologging surface layer analysis method. It is a further object of this invention to provide such a computer apparatus. It is a further object of this invention to provide such a readable medium.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the invention discloses a longitudinal and transverse wave vibroseis micro-logging surface layer analysis system on one hand, which comprises a transverse wave excitation device, a longitudinal wave excitation device, a seismic recording instrument and an underground three-component wave detector;
the transverse wave excitation device is used for emitting transverse wave scanning signals, and the longitudinal wave excitation device is used for emitting longitudinal wave scanning signals;
the seismic recording instrument is used for controlling the underground three-component detector to collect transverse wave scanning signals and longitudinal wave scanning signals passing through the stratum while the transverse wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device emit transverse wave scanning signals and longitudinal wave scanning signals.
Preferably, the transverse wave excitation device comprises a transverse wave vibration plate and a transverse wave vibroseis arranged at the bottom of the transverse wave vibration plate;
the transverse wave controlled seismic source is used for forming corresponding vibration force according to a preset transverse wave scanning signal, and the transverse wave vibration plate forms the transverse wave scanning signal under the action of the vibration force.
Preferably, the longitudinal wave excitation device comprises a longitudinal wave seismic plate and a longitudinal wave vibroseis arranged at the bottom of the longitudinal wave seismic plate;
the longitudinal wave controlled source is used for forming corresponding vibration force according to a preset longitudinal wave scanning signal, and the longitudinal wave vibration plate forms the longitudinal wave scanning signal under the action of the vibration force.
Preferably, the seismic recording instrument is electrically connected with the transverse wave excitation device through a transverse wave trigger line, and the seismic recording instrument is electrically connected with the longitudinal wave excitation device through a longitudinal wave trigger line;
after the transverse wave excitation device sends out the transverse wave scanning signal, the transverse wave excitation device forms a transverse wave trigger signal and transmits the transverse wave trigger signal to the seismic recording instrument so that the seismic recording instrument synchronously acquires a corresponding sampling signal;
after the longitudinal wave excitation device sends out the longitudinal wave scanning signal, the longitudinal wave excitation device forms a longitudinal wave trigger signal and transmits the longitudinal wave trigger signal to the seismic recording instrument so that the seismic recording instrument synchronously acquires a corresponding sampling signal.
Preferably, the seismic recording instrument is further configured to perform time shift correction on the acquired signals, and perform rotation calculation on the corrected acquired signals to obtain R and T components.
Preferably, the seismic recording instrument is further configured to form longitudinal waves and transverse waves through sleeper tapping, record corresponding first arrival pickup positions, and perform time shift correction on the acquired signals according to the first arrival pickup positions.
Preferably, the seismic recording instrument is further configured to perform RT rotation on X and Y components of the transverse wave signal of the acquired signal to obtain a maximum root mean square amplitude corresponding angle, and perform rotation calculation on the X and Y components according to the angle to obtain R and T components.
The invention also discloses a longitudinal and transverse wave vibroseis micrologging surface layer analysis method, which comprises the following steps:
sending out transverse wave scanning signals through a transverse wave excitation device, and sending out longitudinal wave scanning signals through a longitudinal wave excitation device;
and controlling the underground three-component detector to acquire the transverse wave scanning signals and the longitudinal wave scanning signals through the stratum while the transverse wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device send out the transverse wave scanning signals and the longitudinal wave scanning signals.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of predetermining the shear wave scanning signal and the longitudinal wave scanning signal:
presetting a plurality of preset scanning signals with different driving amplitudes, scanning lengths, scanning frequencies and ramp lengths, wherein the preset scanning signals comprise transverse wave scanning signals and longitudinal wave scanning signals;
respectively exciting and collecting the sampling signals by adopting a plurality of preset scanning signals;
and extracting and analyzing the same-direction signal components of the plurality of collected sampling signals, and determining the preset transverse wave scanning signal and the preset longitudinal wave scanning signal from the plurality of preset scanning signals by comprehensively considering side lobes, noise and first arrival definition.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of predetermining the positions of the shear wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device:
respectively acquiring sampling signals according to a plurality of different wellhead distances, wherein the wellhead distances are the distances between the centers of the transverse wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device and the nearest edge of the micro logging;
extracting component signals of different sampling signals in the same direction to perform wellhead distance correction;
and determining the final wellhead distance by comprehensively considering wellhead distance correction time and noise so as to obtain the positions of the transverse wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of predetermining the sampling rate and recording length of the sampled signal:
estimating the minimum length meeting the requirements of longitudinal and transverse wave micro-logging acquisition records according to the micro-logging well depth and the longitudinal and transverse wave speed;
setting the sampling rate of the seismic recording instrument according to a user instruction;
and determining the recording length of the sampling signal according to the sampling rate and the minimum length.
The invention also discloses a computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor,
the processor, when executing the program, implements the method as described above.
The invention also discloses a computer-readable medium, having stored thereon a computer program,
which when executed by a processor implements the method as described above.
The invention provides a longitudinal and transverse wave controlled seismic source micro-logging excitation system, which sends out a transverse wave scanning signal through a transverse wave excitation device, and sends out a longitudinal wave scanning signal through a longitudinal wave excitation device. And controlling the underground three-component detector to collect the transverse wave scanning signals and the longitudinal wave scanning signals passing through the stratum while the transverse wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device send out the transverse wave scanning signals and the longitudinal wave scanning signals, so as to solve the surface investigation excitation energy and the investigation depth and obtain high-quality longitudinal and transverse wave records.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a longitudinal-transverse wave vibroseis microlog surface analysis system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the X component of an acquired signal in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the R component of one embodiment of the shear-bell strike micro-logging surface analysis system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a method for analyzing a surface layer of a shear-wave vibroseis micrologging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for analyzing a surface layer of a shear-wave vibroseis micrologging system S300 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method S400 for analyzing a surface layer of a shear-wave vibroseis micrologging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method for analyzing a surface layer of a shear-wave vibroseis micrologging according to an embodiment of the present invention S500;
FIG. 8 shows a schematic block diagram of a computer device suitable for use in implementing embodiments of the present invention.
Description of the drawings:
the seismic detector comprises 1 underground three-component detector, 2 underground three-component detector cables, 3 well walls, 4 well head distances, 5 ground, 6 shallow seismic recording instruments, 7 cable connectors, 8 trigger connectors, 9 steel wire ropes, 10 transverse wave trigger lines, 11 longitudinal wave trigger lines, 12 transverse wave vibroseis, 13 transverse wave seismic plates, 14 longitudinal wave vibroseis and 15 longitudinal wave seismic plates.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the present embodiment discloses a surface analysis system for a longitudinal-transverse wave vibroseis 12 microlog. As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the system includes a shear wave excitation device, a longitudinal wave excitation device, a seismic recording instrument 6 and a downhole three-component geophone 1. It should be noted that the seismic recording instrument 6 and the downhole three-component geophone 1 may be devices in the prior art, and devices with the same function may also be provided according to actual requirements, which is not limited by the present invention.
The transverse wave excitation device is used for emitting transverse wave scanning signals, and the longitudinal wave excitation device is used for emitting longitudinal wave scanning signals.
The seismic recording instrument 6 is used for controlling the underground three-component detector 1 to collect a transverse wave scanning signal and a longitudinal wave scanning signal which pass through a stratum while the transverse wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device emit the transverse wave scanning signal and the longitudinal wave scanning signal.
The invention provides a longitudinal and transverse wave controlled seismic source 12 micro-logging excitation system, which sends out transverse wave scanning signals through a transverse wave excitation device and sends out longitudinal wave scanning signals through a longitudinal wave excitation device. And controlling the underground three-component detector 1 to collect sampling signals formed by the transverse wave scanning signals and the longitudinal wave scanning signals passing through the stratum while the transverse wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device send out transverse wave scanning signals and longitudinal wave scanning signals, solving the surface layer investigation excitation energy and the investigation depth and obtaining high-quality longitudinal and transverse wave records.
In a preferred embodiment, the shear wave excitation device comprises a shear wave seismic plate 13 and a shear wave vibroseis 12 arranged at the bottom of the shear wave seismic plate 13. The shear wave vibroseis 12 is configured to form a corresponding vibration force according to a preset shear wave scanning signal, and the shear wave vibration plate 13 forms the shear wave scanning signal under the action of the vibration force.
In a preferred embodiment, the longitudinal wave excitation device includes a longitudinal wave seismic plate 15 and a longitudinal wave vibroseis 14 disposed at the bottom of the longitudinal wave seismic plate 15. The longitudinal wave controllable seismic source 14 is configured to form a corresponding vibration force according to a preset longitudinal wave scanning signal, and the longitudinal wave seismic plate 15 forms the longitudinal wave scanning signal under the action of the vibration force.
In a preferred embodiment, the seismic recording equipment 6 is electrically connected to the shear wave excitation device via a shear wave trigger line 10, and the seismic recording equipment 6 is electrically connected to the longitudinal wave excitation device via a longitudinal wave trigger line 11.
After the transverse wave excitation device sends out the transverse wave scanning signal, the transverse wave excitation device forms a transverse wave trigger signal and transmits the transverse wave trigger signal to the seismic recording instrument 6 so that the seismic recording instrument 6 can synchronously acquire corresponding sampling signals.
Further, in one specific example, the cable connector 7 of the shallow seismic recording instrument 6 is electrically connected with the downhole three-component geophone 1 through the downhole three-component geophone cable 2. The three-component detector 1 is connected with a steel wire rope 9, and the three-component detector 1 can be lowered or lifted up through the steel wire rope 9.
After the longitudinal wave excitation device sends out the longitudinal wave scanning signal, the longitudinal wave excitation device forms a longitudinal wave trigger signal and transmits the longitudinal wave trigger signal to the seismic recording instrument 6 so that the seismic recording instrument 6 synchronously acquires corresponding sampling signals.
It can be understood that the shallow seismic recording instrument 6, the transverse wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device can be electrically connected by connecting a trigger line, and the signals of the shallow seismic recording instrument 6, the transverse wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device are synchronously acquired by utilizing a short circuit trigger principle. In one specific example, the seismic recording instrument 6 employs a GDZ48A shallow seismograph. The excitation signals used by the shear wave controlled source and the longitudinal wave controlled source for generating the shear wave scanning signals and the longitudinal wave scanning signals are-3V pulse voltage, and GDZ48A shallow layer seismograph trigger voltage is more than 2.5V voltage and can trigger. Therefore, the excitation signal can be transmitted to the shear wave controlled seismic source in the form of trigger lines, and particularly, 2 shot lines of 30m can be cut out to be used as online trigger lines of the shallow layer seismograph and the controlled seismic source. In the implementation process, longitudinal wave controlled source 14 and transverse wave controlled source 12 box body TB signals are respectively connected with the gun line, and the connecting joint can be bound and fixed by using 3M electricity-proof wide adhesive tape. Then, a red (positive) line of a shallow seismograph trigger joint 8 is connected with a cross-wave controllable seismic source 12 on-line TB signal yellow (negative), the yellow (negative) line of the shallow seismograph trigger joint 8 is connected with the cross-wave controllable seismic source 12 on-line TB signal red (positive), a connecting joint is wrapped by a 3M electricity-proof wide adhesive tape, the connecting mode is opposite to the actual circuit connecting mode, and the main controllable seismic source TB signal is a negative phase signal, so that the opposite polarity connection is needed.
In a preferred embodiment, the shear wave scanning signal and the longitudinal wave scanning signal are further predetermined. Specifically, a plurality of preset scanning signals with different driving amplitudes, scanning lengths, scanning frequencies and ramp lengths can be preset, and the preset scanning signals comprise transverse wave scanning signals and longitudinal wave scanning signals. And respectively exciting and collecting the sampling signals by adopting a plurality of preset scanning signals. And extracting the same-direction signal components of the collected multiple sampling signals for analysis, and determining the preset transverse wave scanning signals and the preset longitudinal wave scanning signals from the multiple preset scanning signals by comprehensively considering side lobes, noise and first arrival definition, so that the optimal scanning signals are determined, and the surface layer analysis depth is improved.
In a specific example, a vibroseis scanning signal is designed and loaded into seismic source box software (VTTI-VE464) of vibroseiss (a transverse wave vibroseis and a longitudinal wave vibroseis), the software can control the longitudinal and transverse wave vibroseiss to send out longitudinal and transverse wave scanning signals, a single excitation and a three-component downhole detector are adopted to receive micro-logging acquisition in a self-seismic mode of the longitudinal and transverse wave vibroseis, and the single excitation and the three-component downhole detector can receive sampling signals by the longitudinal and transverse wave vibroseis.
Further, prior to actual production, preferably 5-10m wells are drilled at different surfaces, three-component geophones 1 are lowered downhole, geophones are fixed, coupling of geophones to the borehole wall 3 is ensured, and geophones are connected to a GDZ48A shallow seismograph. Each scanning signal is excited for 3 times, longitudinal and transverse wave micro-logging data acquisition is carried out, the acquired acquisition signals are arranged in files, and file numbers of a plurality of formed files are recorded and stored in sequence. Extracting a single-channel record formed by acquisition signals obtained by exciting and acquiring different scanning signals with the same components (comprising Z, X, Y components in three directions), recording and displaying according to the same waveform display parameters, and analyzing the consistency of the wave crest, the wave trough, the side lobe, the main frequency, the amplitude and the noise of the first arrival wave, preferably, the excitation scanning signals with the least side lobe, the weakest noise and the best definition of the first arrival wave are subjected to production acquisition through the acquisition signals formed by the stratum. Through parameter test analysis, the most key parameters influencing the acquired signal data are scanning frequency and driving amplitude, the scanning frequency is 3-72Hz optimal, the longitudinal wave driving amplitude is 20-40%, the transverse wave driving amplitude is 30-50%, the longitudinal and transverse wave micro-logging driving amplitude is smaller than that of the ground 5 seismic data acquisition on the whole, the ground 5 seismic data acquisition driving amplitude is 65-70%, and the smaller driving amplitude is mainly beneficial to reducing noise generated by vibroseis excitation.
In a preferred embodiment, the positions of the transverse wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device are further predetermined. Specifically, sampling signals are respectively acquired according to a plurality of different wellhead distances 4, wherein the wellhead distances 4 are distances between centers of the transverse wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device and the nearest edge of the micro logging. And extracting component signals in the same direction of different sampling signals to correct the wellhead distance 4. And (3) determining the final wellhead distance 4 by comprehensively considering the wellhead distance 4, correcting time and noise to obtain the positions of the shear wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device. It should be noted that, the wellhead distance correction of the signal is a conventional technical means in the art, and of course, other technical means may be adopted to correct the wellhead distance of the signal, which is not limited in the present invention.
It will be appreciated that the optimal wellhead distance 4 is preferred by different wellhead distance 4 data acquisition tests. In a specific example, the wellhead distance 4 (the distance from the center of the vibroseis excitation seismic plate to the wellhead of the micro-logging) is a longitudinal and transverse wave micro-logging key parameter, the conventional micro-logging wellhead distance 4 is 3m, the wellhead distance 4 of the vibroseis construction micro-logging is affected by mechanical vibration noise of the vibroseis, experimental acquisition and analysis must be performed, and the distance is preferably suitable for the vibroseis excitation wellhead distance 4. The length of the controllable seismic source excitation device is 10-11m, the distance from the center of the seismic plate to the edge of the excitation device close to a wellhead is 5m, so that the distance 4 of the wellhead must be more than 5m, and two main aspects are considered: 1) the controllable seismic source excitation device cannot cover a well mouth according to the safety construction requirement, so that safety accidents are easy to occur; and secondly, the operation personnel who stand outside the field and extract the three-component detector 1 at the wellhead can conveniently have enough space at the radius of 1-2m of the wellhead to carry out field operation. Respectively developing well mouth distances of 4m, 6m, 8m, 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m and 50m longitudinal and transverse wave micro-logging data acquisition tests, exciting for 3 times by each contrast factor, extracting different factors with the same component (Z, X, Y) to excite a single-channel record, recording and displaying according to the same waveform display parameters, correcting the well mouth distance 4, and selecting the well mouth distance 4 with the minimum well mouth correction time and the weakest noise as the optimal parameter of the controllable seismic source well mouth distance 4. Through parameter test analysis, the controllable seismic source micro-logging construction wellhead distance 4 is determined to be 10m, and the parameter not only influences the minimum data, but also gives consideration to the safety construction requirement.
In a preferred embodiment, the sampling rate and recording length of the sampled signal are further predetermined. And estimating the minimum length of the acquired signals meeting the requirements of longitudinal and transverse wave micro-logging according to the depth of the micro-logging well and the speed of longitudinal and transverse waves. The sampling rate of the seismic recording instrument 6 is set according to a user instruction. And determining the recording length of the sampling signal according to the sampling rate and the minimum length.
In one particular example, GDZ48A shallow seismograph micro-logs may be used to acquire the sampling rate and recording length. The excitation signal of the longitudinal-transverse wave vibroseis 12 is an uncorrelated signal, so the recording length is equal to the length of the scanning signal plus the length of the actual recording signal.
Tr＝Ts+Tm (1)
Tr＝NLr×DT (2)(2)
Ts＝NLs×DT (3)(3)
Tm＝NLm×DT (4)(4)
Wherein, TrAnd NLrRecording the length and sampling point length of longitudinal and transverse wave micro-logging in a non-correlation way，TsAnd NLsThe length of a scanning signal and the length of a sampling point of a longitudinal wave controllable seismic source 12 and a transverse wave controllable seismic source 12; t ismThe minimum length and the sampling point length of longitudinal and transverse wave acquisition data of a target layer are met; and (4) acquiring a sampling rate by micro-logging of the DT shallow seismograph.
And preliminarily estimating the minimum length of the longitudinal and transverse wave micro-logging acquisition record according to the designed well depth and the longitudinal and transverse wave speed.
Wherein H0、H1........Hm-1、HmThe distributions represent different target layer thicknesses; v0、V1........Vm-1、VmThe profiles represent different destination layer velocities. And (5) preliminarily estimating the minimum length of the longitudinal and transverse wave micro-logging acquisition record according to the formula (5) and given the designed maximum well depth, the thicknesses of layers with different target layers and the speed.
According to the recording performance of the GDZ48A shallow seismograph, the micro-logging acquisition sampling rate and the recording length are reasonably designed. The GDZ48A shallow seismograph generally provides a sampling rate design window, automatically calculates the maximum number of sampling points, and mainly has the following three sampling rate parameter menu choices: 8000ms @0.125ms, 16000ms @0.25ms, 32000ms @0.5ms, and preliminarily estimating initial T by using the near-surface structure of three lakes of the Lauda basinmThe scanning length is 1000ms, the scanning length is at least 8000ms according to the step two experiment, the field construction efficiency is considered, generally, the longer the scanning length is, the longer each depth point is acquired, the field operation efficiency is influenced, and therefore, the scanning length T is comprehensively selectedsIs 8000, TrThe recording length is at least more than 9000ms, so that 16000ms @0.25ms is selected for data acquisition.
Then, according to the preliminary preparation and parameter design, carrying out longitudinal and transverse wave micro-logging data acquisition on a production well formally, carrying out data acquisition according to the depth interval of less than 20 meters, 3 meters, 10-20 meters, 2 meters, 5-10 meters, 1 meter and 0.5 meter below 0-5 meter, wherein the three-component detector 1 is arranged at the bottom of the well, acquiring the data from the bottom of the well to the top of the well one by one, the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave at each depth are acquired for 2 times respectively, and the file numbers are recorded according to the sequence of 1.SG2, 2.SG2 and 3.SG2. And generating uncorrelated records for real-time monitoring every 1 time of excitation, mainly monitoring and recording waveform appearance, frequency, energy and noise, finding abnormal records in time and acquiring again, and ensuring the recording correctness every 1 time of excitation. And correlating the vibroseis scanning signal with the longitudinal and transverse wave micro-logging record to obtain the final longitudinal and transverse wave micro-logging record.
In a preferred embodiment, the seismic recording instrument 6 is further configured to perform time-shift correction on the acquired signals, and perform rotation calculation on the corrected acquired signals to obtain R and T components.
In a preferred embodiment, the seismic recording instrument 6 is further configured to form longitudinal and transverse waves by sleeper tap and record corresponding first arrival pick-up locations, and time-shift correct the acquisition signals according to the first arrival pick-up locations. Specifically, the conventional sleeper beating record is a pulse signal, the first arrival picking position of the conventional sleeper beating record is a first arrival jumping point, the vibroseis is excited to generate a record which is a zero-phase signal, the wave peak or the wave trough is picked up under the normal condition, but the first arrival position is not easy to determine under the influences of seismic source mechanical interference, environmental noise and the like. And receiving detectors at the same position and the same depth in a test stage, recording by using sleeper knocking excitation and vibroseis excitation in a distributed mode, calibrating a vibroseis excitation record according to a sleeper knocking excitation record pickup initial arrival position, directly determining a vibroseis excitation record pickup initial arrival position, and indicating that the vibroseis excitation record pickup initial arrival position is a first strong-energy trough according to a test analysis result.
In a preferred embodiment, the seismic recording instrument 6 is further configured to perform RT rotation on X and Y components of the shear wave signal of the acquired signal to obtain an angle corresponding to the maximum root-mean-square amplitude, and perform rotation calculation on the X and Y components according to the angle to obtain R and T components.
It will be appreciated that the X and Y components recorded by the source 12 may be RT rotated to directly correct the rotation of the two shear components to fast and slow components. The underground three-component detector 1 can rotate freely in the lifting process and cannot fix the direction of the detector, so that the consistency of the recorded waves is poor, and the underground three-component detector 1 needs to rotate in an RT mode. Specifically, in one specific example, the RT rotation technique is implemented as follows:
and extracting and recording an X component and a Y component, preliminarily picking up the X component and the Y component in first arrival, and selecting the X component and the Y component of a 50ms time window of a first arrival position, wherein the X component of the acquired signal is shown in figure 2.
Rotating angle scanning is carried out according to RT rotation formulas (6) and (7), the root mean square amplitudes ER and ET of the X component and the Y component after rotation are calculated one by one from the range of 0-180 degrees and the angle increment is 1 degree, and the maximum corresponding angle Ang of the root mean square amplitude is output;
Rk(ti)＝X(ti)×cos(Angk)+Y(ti)×sin(Angk) (6)
Tk(ti)＝X(ti)×sin(Angk)+Y(ti)×cos(Angk) (7)
wherein, X (t)i) And Y (t)i) The distribution representing the X and Y components, tiRepresenting the corresponding time of the selected time window sample points, M representing the number of the time window sample points, AngkRepresenting a rotation angle, wherein the range is 0-180 degrees, and k represents an angle increment serial number; ERkRepresenting the mean azimuthal root amplitude, ET, of the R component after rotationkRepresenting the rotated T component mean azimuth root amplitude.
And (3) performing rotation calculation on the recorded X component and Y component according to the calculation angle to obtain R and T components, namely obtaining a slow wave record with relatively high first arrival consistency, and providing high-quality seismic records for the subsequent longitudinal and transverse wave micro-logging record interpretation as shown in figure 3.
The invention relates to a longitudinal and transverse wave surface layer investigation mode, in particular to an excitation method for effectively solving the problem of deep well longitudinal and transverse wave micro-logging excitation first-arrival wave energy. The longitudinal and transverse wave controlled seismic source 12 is used for excitation and downhole three-component receiving, and the shallow layer seismograph and the controlled seismic source are directly used for online rapid acquisition. The following targeted technical measures are mainly adopted: 1) by manufacturing a shallow seismograph and a vibroseis trigger line, synchronous acquisition of the shallow seismograph and the vibroseis is realized; 2) adopting a longitudinal and transverse wave controllable seismic source 12 self-seismic mode single-time excitation and a three-component downhole detector to receive micro-logging collection and optimizing optimal seismic source excitation parameters through experimental science; 3) scientifically designing the controllable seismic source to excite the wellhead distance to be 4-10 m; 4) recording a first arrival picking position by using sleeper knocking, calibrating a longitudinal and transverse wave vibroseis record and determining a final first arrival picking position; 5) and (4) carrying out RT data rotation on the vibroseis excited micro-logging records, and finally obtaining the high-quality micro-logging records.
The method is suitable for surface layer investigation of longitudinal and transverse wave seismic exploration projects, solves the problem of weak micro-logging excitation energy in wells which is puzzled for a long time, has strong operability and applicability, has high signal-to-noise ratio of longitudinal and transverse wave micro-logging records and high first arrival wave definition, is accurate and reliable in first arrival picking position, provides an effective method for subsequent surface layer investigation of longitudinal and transverse waves, and has good application prospect.
Based on the same principle, the embodiment also discloses a longitudinal and transverse wave vibroseis 12 micro-logging surface layer analysis method. As shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, the method includes:
s100: the transverse wave excitation device sends out transverse wave scanning signals, and the longitudinal wave excitation device sends out longitudinal wave scanning signals.
S200: and controlling the underground three-component detector 1 to collect the transverse wave scanning signals and the longitudinal wave scanning signals passing through the stratum while the transverse wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device send out the transverse wave scanning signals and the longitudinal wave scanning signals.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the method further includes a step S300 of predetermining the shear wave scanning signal and the longitudinal wave scanning signal:
s310: presetting a plurality of preset scanning signals with different driving amplitudes, scanning lengths, scanning frequencies and ramp lengths, wherein the preset scanning signals comprise transverse wave scanning signals and longitudinal wave scanning signals.
S320: and respectively exciting and collecting the sampling signals by adopting a plurality of preset scanning signals.
S330: and extracting and analyzing the same-direction signal components of the plurality of collected sampling signals, and determining the preset transverse wave scanning signal and the preset longitudinal wave scanning signal from the plurality of preset scanning signals by comprehensively considering side lobes, noise and first arrival definition.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the method further comprises a step S400 of predetermining the positions of the shear wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device:
s410: and respectively acquiring sampling signals according to a plurality of different wellhead distances 4, wherein the wellhead distances 4 are the distances between the centers of the transverse wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device and the nearest edge of the micro logging.
S420: and extracting component signals in the same direction of different sampling signals to correct the wellhead distance 4.
S430: and (3) determining the final wellhead distance 4 by comprehensively considering the wellhead distance 4, correcting time and noise to obtain the positions of the shear wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the method further comprises a step S500 of determining the sampling rate and the recording length of the sampled signal in advance:
s510: and estimating the minimum length meeting the requirements of longitudinal and transverse wave micro-logging acquisition records according to the micro-logging well depth and the longitudinal and transverse wave speed.
S520: the sampling rate of the seismic recording instrument 6 is set according to a user instruction.
S530: and determining the recording length of the sampling signal according to the sampling rate and the minimum length.
Because the principle of solving the problems by the method is similar to that of the system, the implementation of the method can be referred to the implementation of the system, and is not described in detail herein.
The systems, devices, modules or units illustrated in the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer chip or an entity, or by a product with certain functions. A typical implementation device is a computer device, which may be, for example, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a cellular telephone, a camera phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, a tablet computer, a wearable device, or a combination of any of these devices.
In a typical example the computer arrangement comprises in particular a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor performing the method.
Referring now to FIG. 8, shown is a schematic diagram of a computer device 600 suitable for use in implementing embodiments of the present application.
As shown in fig. 8, the computer apparatus 600 includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU)601 which can perform various appropriate works and processes according to a program stored in a Read Only Memory (ROM)602 or a program loaded from a storage section 608 into a Random Access Memory (RAM)) 603. In the RAM603, various programs and data necessary for the operation of the system 600 are also stored. The CPU601, ROM602, and RAM603 are connected to each other via a bus 604. An input/output (I/O) interface 605 is also connected to bus 604.
The following components are connected to the I/O interface 605: an input portion 606 including a keyboard, a mouse, and the like; an output section 607 including a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), a liquid crystal feedback (LCD), and the like, and a speaker and the like; a storage section 608 including a hard disk and the like; and a communication section 609 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, a modem, or the like. The communication section 609 performs communication processing via a network such as the internet. The driver 610 is also connected to the I/O interface 605 as needed. A removable medium 611 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like is mounted on the drive 610 as necessary, so that a computer program read out therefrom is mounted as necessary on the storage section 608.
In particular, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts may be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the invention include a computer program product comprising a computer program tangibly embodied on a machine-readable medium, the computer program comprising program code for performing the method illustrated in the flow chart. In such an embodiment, the computer program may be downloaded and installed from a network through the communication section 609, and/or installed from the removable medium 611.
Computer-readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, a computer readable medium does not include a transitory computer readable medium such as a modulated data signal and a carrier wave.
For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being divided into various units by function, and are described separately. Of course, the functionality of the units may be implemented in one or more software and/or hardware when implementing the present application.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The application may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The application may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (13)
1. A longitudinal and transverse wave controlled source micro-logging surface layer analysis system is characterized by comprising a transverse wave excitation device, a longitudinal wave excitation device, a seismic recording instrument and an underground three-component detector;
the transverse wave excitation device is used for emitting transverse wave scanning signals, and the longitudinal wave excitation device is used for emitting longitudinal wave scanning signals;
the seismic recording instrument is used for controlling the underground three-component detector to collect transverse wave scanning signals and longitudinal wave scanning signals passing through the stratum while the transverse wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device emit transverse wave scanning signals and longitudinal wave scanning signals.
2. The shear wave vibroseis micrologging surface analysis system of claim 1, wherein the shear wave excitation device comprises a shear wave seismic plate and a shear wave vibroseis arranged at the bottom of the shear wave seismic plate;
the transverse wave controlled seismic source is used for forming corresponding vibration force according to a preset transverse wave scanning signal, and the transverse wave vibration plate forms the transverse wave scanning signal under the action of the vibration force.
3. The shear wave vibroseis microlog surface analysis system of claim 1, wherein the longitudinal wave excitation device comprises a longitudinal wave seismic plate and a longitudinal wave vibroseis arranged at the bottom of the longitudinal wave seismic plate;
the longitudinal wave controlled source is used for forming corresponding vibration force according to a preset longitudinal wave scanning signal, and the longitudinal wave vibration plate forms the longitudinal wave scanning signal under the action of the vibration force.
4. The shear wave vibroseis microlog surface analysis system of claim 1, wherein the seismic recording instrument is electrically connected to the shear wave excitation device by a shear wave trigger line, and the seismic recording instrument is electrically connected to the longitudinal wave excitation device by a longitudinal wave trigger line;
after the transverse wave excitation device sends out the transverse wave scanning signal, the transverse wave excitation device forms a transverse wave trigger signal and transmits the transverse wave trigger signal to the seismic recording instrument so that the seismic recording instrument synchronously acquires a corresponding sampling signal;
after the longitudinal wave excitation device sends out the longitudinal wave scanning signal, the longitudinal wave excitation device forms a longitudinal wave trigger signal and transmits the longitudinal wave trigger signal to the seismic recording instrument so that the seismic recording instrument synchronously acquires a corresponding sampling signal.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the seismic recording instrument is further configured to perform time-shift correction on the acquired signals, and perform rotation calculation on the corrected acquired signals to obtain R and T components.
6. The shear wave vibroseis microlog surface analysis system of claim 5, wherein the seismic recording instrument is further configured to form longitudinal and shear waves by sleeper tap and record corresponding first arrival pick-up locations, time-shift correcting the acquired signals according to the first arrival pick-up locations.
7. The shear wave vibroseis micrologging surface analysis system of claim 5, wherein the seismic recording instrument is further configured to perform RT rotation on X and Y components of shear wave signals of the collected signals to obtain a corresponding angle with maximum root mean square amplitude, and perform rotation calculation on the X and Y components according to the angle to obtain R and T components.
8. A longitudinal and transverse wave vibroseis micro-logging surface layer analysis method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sending out transverse wave scanning signals through a transverse wave excitation device, and sending out longitudinal wave scanning signals through a longitudinal wave excitation device;
and controlling the underground three-component detector to acquire the transverse wave scanning signals and the longitudinal wave scanning signals through the stratum while the transverse wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device send out the transverse wave scanning signals and the longitudinal wave scanning signals.
9. The method of shear wave vibroseis microlog surface analysis of claim 8, further comprising the step of predetermining the shear and compressional sweep signals by:
presetting a plurality of preset scanning signals with different driving amplitudes, scanning lengths, scanning frequencies and ramp lengths, wherein the preset scanning signals comprise transverse wave scanning signals and longitudinal wave scanning signals;
respectively exciting and collecting the sampling signals by adopting a plurality of preset scanning signals;
and extracting and analyzing the same-direction signal components of the plurality of collected sampling signals, and determining the preset transverse wave scanning signal and the preset longitudinal wave scanning signal from the plurality of preset scanning signals by comprehensively considering side lobes, noise and first arrival definition.
10. The method of surface analysis for shear wave vibroseis micrologging of claim 8, further comprising the step of predetermining the location of the shear wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device:
respectively acquiring sampling signals according to a plurality of different wellhead distances, wherein the wellhead distances are the distances between the centers of the transverse wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device and the nearest edge of the micro logging;
extracting component signals of different sampling signals in the same direction to perform wellhead distance correction;
and determining the final wellhead distance by comprehensively considering wellhead distance correction time and noise so as to obtain the positions of the transverse wave excitation device and the longitudinal wave excitation device.
11. The method of shear wave vibroseis micrologging surface analysis of claim 8, further comprising the step of predetermining the sampling rate and recording length of the sampled signal:
estimating the minimum length meeting the requirements of longitudinal and transverse wave micro-logging acquisition records according to the micro-logging well depth and the longitudinal and transverse wave speed;
setting the sampling rate of the seismic recording instrument according to a user instruction;
and determining the recording length of the sampling signal according to the sampling rate and the minimum length.
12. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor,
the processor, when executing the program, implements the method of any of claims 8-11.
13. A computer-readable medium, having stored thereon a computer program,
the program when executed by a processor implementing the method according to any of claims 8-11.
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