A kind of Al-Mg-Si is the preparation method and the semi-solid blank thereof of alloy semi-solid blank
Technical field
The present invention relates to preparation method and prepared Al-Mg-Si thereof that a kind of Al-Mg-Si is the alloy semi-solid blank is the alloy semi-solid blank, the invention belongs to the Semi-Solid Metals Forming technical field.
Background technology
Since the semi-solid metal forming technology had been invented by early 1970s Massachusetts Institute Technology (MIT), this technology had caused the extensive concern of various countries.Compare with other metal forming method, this technology has series of advantages: the various casting flaws that produced in the time of 1) can reducing even avoid liquid the shaping, as pore, shrinkage porosite, segregation etc.; 2) can alleviate thermal shocking, its life-span is increased substantially building mortion especially mould; 3) solidification shrinkage is little, the casting dimension accuracy height, and machining amount reduces greatly; 4) compare with metal solid molding method, the stress of fluidity of semi-solid-state metal significantly reduces, and forming speed is higher, and the more complicated parts that can be shaped.
Semi-solid state forming technique is applicable to the alloy system with the liquid-solid coexistence of broad.In three more than ten years in the past, involved alloy has Al when this technology of research, Mg, and Zn, Ni, Cu, Fe, Sn etc., wherein, to the maturation the most of aluminium alloy research, and the early start industrial applications.Most popular in aluminium alloy is cast aluminium alloy A356, A357, and this is because these two kinds of alloys are widely used and have suitable solid-liquid temperature range, so research emphasis is to be carrier with the alloy, studies the theoretical question and the technological problems of this technology itself.But these two kinds of alloys can not be given full play to the advantage of semi-solid state forming technique, thereby have limited the application that further develops of this technology.
Al-Mg-Si is that cast aluminium alloy is the cast aluminium alloy of widespread use, and hypoeutectic have ZL101, Zl101A (A356), ZL104, YL104, ZL114A (A357), ZL115 and a ZL116.The composition range of these alloys is roughly Si:4.8~10.5wt%; Mg:0.17~0.7wt%.Wherein the main effect of Si is a flowability of improving alloy, reduces hot cracking tendency, reduces and loosens, and improves resistance to air loss, and the main effect of Mg is and Si forms strengthening phase Mg
2Si, the intensity of raising alloy after the thermal treatment.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the preparation method that a kind of Al-Mg-Si is the alloy semi-solid blank.The prepared alloy billet of this method can be given full play to the characteristics of semi-solid state forming technique, and with the Al-Mg-Si of standard brand be cast aluminium alloy mutually specific energy significantly improve intensity or plasticity.
It is the alloy semi-solid blank that another object of the present invention provides a kind of Al-Mg-Si.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of Al-Mg-Si is the preparation method of alloy semi-solid blank, and this method comprises the steps:
(1), adopting Al-Mg-Si is alloy, its composition is Mg:1.83~5wt%, Si:4.74~11wt%, Cu:0.1~0.8wt%, and following at least a in the column element, Ba:0~0.5wt%, Mn:0.01~1.0wt%, Cr:0.01~0.35wt%, Ti:0~0.2wt%, Sr:0~0.3wt%, Fe:0.1~1.0wt%, all the other are aluminium;
(2), adopt conventional method to carry out melting, refining and slagging-off the alloy in the step (1);
(3), then the alloy melt metaideophone is advanced tundish and carries out the induction stirring semicontinuous casting, tundish temperature is controlled at 700~720 ℃, the induction stirring frequency is 10~100HZ, 595~600 ℃ of crystallizer graphite bushing place temperature are made semi-solid blank.
A kind of Al-Mg-Si is the alloy semi-solid blank, is that the Al-Mg-Si of employing method for preparing is the alloy semi-solid blank.
The equipment of the induction stirring semicontinuous casting of being adopted is conventional equipment, includes uppermost tundish, is positioned at intermediary heat top and nethermost crystallizer and graphite bushing.
In the method for the invention, have simultaneously by the tensile property after the semi-solid blank thermal treatment that induction stirring or mechanical stirring obtained:
(1), the tensile strength that is higher than 300MPa;
(2), the yield strength that is higher than 280MPa;
(3), be higher than 3% unit elongation.
In the method for the invention, in described step (2), in the described fusion process, control alloy melt temperature is 710~730 ℃.
In the method for the invention, in described step (2), control alloy melt temperature is 700~710 ℃ after the refining.
In alloy of the present invention, formed Mg in the alloy
2Si can not have a negative impact to the plasticity of alloy mutually.
The characteristics that the given alloy of the present invention is fit to semi-solid-state shaping mainly show: 1) alloy requires to reduce to control accuracy of temperature, thereby has reduced the technology controlling and process cost when semi-solid rheological and thixotropic forming; 2) alloy requires to reduce to the control of composition, and promptly the minor fluctuations of composition can not cause the fluctuation of alloy rheological, thixotropy and mechanical property; 3) alloy reduces the related process parameter request, or under identical processing parameter condition, can obtain more excellent semi-solid blank or slurry.
Given another important feature of alloy of the present invention is the mechanical property that can significantly improve alloy.Mg content is generally lower in the Al-Mg-Si alloy of standard brand, mainly is because strengthening phase Mg
2The solid solubility of Si in Al has certain limitation (1.85wt%).Can improve alloy strength though Mg content improves, reduce plasticity.The Mg of solid solution not after the solution treatment during Mg too high levels
2Si is distributed in crystal boundary mutually and can makes a big impact to plasticity.The alloy that the present invention provides can reduce or avoid Mg greatly by the interpolation of suitable semi-solid blank preparation technology, trace alloying element and the optimization of heat treatment process parameter
2The disadvantageous effect of the relative plasticity of Si makes that simultaneously alloy strength significantly improves.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an alloy typical case microtexture photo (100 *)
Fig. 2 is the typical microtexture photo of alloy after the thermal treatment
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Induction stirring semicontinuous casting legal system is equipped with the semi-solid blank of novel alloy, and used alloying constituent is Al-5.78%Si-2.34Mg-0.8Cu-0.25Fe-0.15Mn; This composition range is Si:5.78wt%, Mg:2.34wt%, and Cu:0.8wt%, Fe:0.25wt%, Mn:0.15wt%, all the other are aluminium.The liquidus temperature of alloy is 623.8 ℃, earlier with this alloy in medium-frequency induction furnace after the melting, the alloy melt temperature is 710~730 ℃, melt changed over to leave standstill in the stove, carry out refining and slagging-off, melt temperature is 700~710 ℃ after the refining, then the metal melt metaideophone is advanced tundish and carries out the induction stirring semicontinuous casting.Tundish temperature is controlled at 700 ℃, and the induction stirring frequency is 10HZ, input voltage 400V.595~600 ℃ of crystallizer graphite bushing place temperature.Alloy typical case microtexture as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 2:
Used alloy A l-4.74Si-1.83Mg-0.8Cu-0.23Fe-0.1Ti-0.2Sr, this composition range are Si:4.74wt%, Mg:1.83wt%, and Cu:0.8wt%, Fe:0.23wt%, Ti:0.1wt%, Sr:0.2wt%, all the other are aluminium.After earlier this alloy being melted, after 720 ℃ of refinings, leave standstill slagging-off in 10 minutes in resistance furnace, put into magnetic stirrer then and stir, quick water-cooled when temperature is reduced to 605 ℃.Thus obtained semi-solid blank tensile property is as follows: σ
b=205MPa, σ
s=160MPa, δ
5=3.5%.
This semi-solid blank is heat-treated.System of heat treatment process is 540 ℃ * 2h solid solution, 170 ℃ * 6 hours timeliness.The typical microtexture of alloy as shown in Figure 2 after the thermal treatment.The tensile property test result of alloy is as follows after the thermal treatment: σ
b=318MPa, σ
s=285MPa, δ
5=4%.