CN111074117A - Low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and mainly relates to the technical field of alloys. The low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 3.5-5.5 wt.% of Mg, 1.0-2.0 wt.% of Mn, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the preparation method comprises the following steps: s1: preparing raw materials according to the formula and heating for melting; s2: casting the molten metal in the molten state in the step S1 into ingots; s3: homogenizing the cast ingot obtained in the step S2; s4: and (3) carrying out extrusion, rolling and forging thermoplastic deformation processes on the ingot subjected to homogenization treatment in the step S3 at the temperature of 420-450 ℃ to prepare a corresponding deformed alloy section. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the aluminum alloy provided by the invention has the advantages of low manufacturing cost and excellent mechanical property, and can better meet the requirements of metal profiles in the field of automobiles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of alloys, in particular to a low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of the automobile industry, the metal material industry is continuously updated, and the light structural material becomes the key point and the hot point of the scientific research of the material. In the existing structural materials, aluminum and aluminum alloys gradually become hot spots for developing new materials due to the advantages of low density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, easy machining and forming, easy recycling, large resource storage amount and the like. Currently, commercially available aluminum alloys mainly include Mg-containing 6-series aluminum alloys, Zn-and Mg-containing 7-series aluminum alloys, and rare earth aluminum alloys containing rare earth elements such as Y, Gd. Among them, 6 series aluminum alloys are excellent in room temperature performance, but poor in high temperature stability and prone to change in property during extrusion and forging; the 7-series aluminum alloy has excellent high-temperature performance, but the alloy has high cost due to serious burning loss of an alloy element Zr in the smelting process, and is not beneficial to the further development and application of the alloy; the rare earth aluminum alloy has excellent room temperature ductility, but the rare earth element content in the alloy is high and the price is high, so that the alloy has high cost, is used for the military field, and is not beneficial to the development and application of the alloy.
Aiming at the field of automobiles, low-price high-quality aluminum alloy sections with stronger tensile strength and high elongation are needed, and the existing aluminum alloy types can not completely meet the requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof, and the aluminum alloy with low cost and excellent mechanical property is provided, so that the aluminum alloy can better meet the requirements of metal sectional materials in the field of automobiles.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 3.5-5.5 wt.% of Mg, 1.0-2.0 wt.% of Mn, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials according to the formula and heating for melting;
s2: casting the molten metal in the molten state in the step S1 into ingots;
s3: homogenizing the cast ingot obtained in the step S2;
s4: preheating the cast ingot subjected to homogenization treatment in the step S3 at 400-450 ℃ for 2 hours, and performing extrusion, rolling and forging thermoplastic deformation processes at 420-450 ℃ to prepare the corresponding deformed alloy section.
Preferably, the low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn aluminum alloy consists of the following components in percentage by mass: mg3.5wt.%, Mn 1.0wt.%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of the inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 wt.%.
Preferably, the melting sequence in the step S1 is to melt Al at 720-770 ℃, add Mg and Al-Mn intermediate alloy preheated to 150 ℃ after the Al is completely melted and the temperature rises to 770 ℃ and is stable, add a refining agent to fully stir for 5-10 minutes after the Al is completely melted, stand the melt at 770 ℃ for 10-20 minutes, and remove dross on the surface.
Preferably, the casting sequence in the step S2 is to reduce the smelting temperature of molten metal to 720 ℃ and keep the temperature for 20 minutes; and then pouring the cast alloy into an iron grinding tool preheated to 250-350 ℃ at 720 ℃ to prepare an aluminum alloy cast ingot, and then machining the obtained alloy cast ingot to prepare the cast alloy section.
Preferably, the homogenization treatment sequence in the step S3 is to homogenize the aluminum alloy ingot at a temperature of 450-550 ℃ for 16-20 hours, and then perform water quenching treatment to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot sample.
Preferably, the extrusion ratio in the step S4 is 5: 1-30: 1, and the extrusion speed is 1.5-3.5 m/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the Al-Mg-Mn aluminum alloy provided by the invention is a high-performance wrought cast aluminum alloy without rare earth elements, the adopted raw materials are all relatively cheap industrial pure aluminum and aluminum-manganese intermediate alloys, a simple smelting process is adopted to prepare a novel cast aluminum alloy with better strength and toughness, and the comprehensive mechanical properties of the novel cast aluminum alloy are superior to those of the traditional commercial cast aluminum alloys ZL201 and ZL 203.
2. The cast aluminum alloy ingot obtained by the invention adopts simpler thermoplastic deformation processes such as extrusion, rolling, forging and the like, so that the novel wrought aluminum alloy with better strength, thermal toughness and corrosion resistance is obtained, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the novel wrought aluminum alloy is superior to that of the traditional commercial wrought aluminum alloy 5052.
3. In the ternary system of Al-Mg-Mn casting alloys, the solid solubility of Mg in Al reaches 12.7wt.%, and the solid solubility of Mn in Al is only 2.2 wt.%. The alloy system of the present invention includes not only Al-Mg phase (Al)3Mg2) And Al-Mn phase (Al)12Mn、Al6Mn、Al4Mn、Al11Mn4And Al8Mn5) In the presence of Al18Mg3Mn2The ternary compound, which is a high-temperature phase, is converted into stable Al-Mg phase and Al-Mn phase along with the gradual reduction of the temperature, so that α -Al and Al are present in the alloy system involved3Mg2Mg not only can play a role in solid solution strengthening in the Al alloy, but also can form Al with a matrix α -Al3Mg2Forming Al with Mn12Mn、Al6Mn、Al4Mn、Al11Mn4And Al8Mn5The Al-Mn phase improves the strength of the alloy and plays a remarkable role in precipitation strengthening. Further, Al3Mg2、Al8Mn5The precipitated phase can obviously inhibit the growth of alloy grains and play a role in obviously strengthening fine grains.
4. The invention adopts casting technology to prepare the novel cast aluminum alloy with better strength and toughness, and the technological method has simple operation and easily controlled technological parameters and is suitable for industrialized mass production.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that, in the following examples, the purities of the industrial pure aluminum and the industrial pure magnesium are both above 99.9%; manganese is added in the form of 10% of aluminum-manganese master alloy; the refining agent adopts hexachloroethane or argon.
The invention relates to a low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3.5-5.5 wt.% of Mg, 1.0-2.0 wt.% of Mn, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities;
as a limit, the following mass percentages of self-incineration: 3.5wt.% of Mg, 1.0wt.% of Mn, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of the inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 wt.%. Has better tensile strength and yield strength.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: the raw materials are prepared according to the formula and heated to be melted, and the specific operation mode is as follows: smelting Al at 720-770 ℃, adding Mg and Al-Mn intermediate alloy preheated to 150 ℃ after the Al is completely molten and the temperature rises to 770 ℃ and is stable, adding a refining agent after the Al is completely molten, fully stirring for 5-10 minutes, standing the melt at 770 ℃ for 10-20 minutes, and removing scum on the surface.
S2: casting the molten metal in the molten state in the step S1 into ingots, wherein the specific operation mode is as follows: reducing the smelting temperature of the molten metal to 720 ℃ and preserving the temperature for 20 minutes; and then pouring the cast alloy into an iron grinding tool preheated to 250-350 ℃ at 720 ℃ to prepare an aluminum alloy cast ingot, and then machining the obtained alloy cast ingot to prepare the cast alloy section.
S3: homogenizing the cast ingot obtained in the step S2, wherein the specific operation mode is as follows: homogenizing the aluminum alloy ingot at the temperature of 450-550 ℃ for 16-20 hours, and then performing water quenching treatment to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot sample.
S4: preheating the cast ingot subjected to homogenization treatment in the step S3 at 400-450 ℃ for 2 hours, and performing extrusion, rolling and forging thermoplastic deformation processes at 420-450 ℃ to prepare the corresponding deformed alloy section. In the step S4, the extrusion ratio is 5: 1-30: 1, and the extrusion speed is 1.5-3.5 m/min.
Example 1:
a preparation method of low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn cast aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
weighing the following components in percentage by weight: 3.5% (35 kg) of industrial pure magnesium (Mg); 1.0% of manganese (Mn) (added by an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, wherein the mass ratio of aluminum to manganese is 9:1), and 100kg of alloy; the balance was commercial purity aluminum Al (865 kg). Firstly, Al is smelted at 750 ℃, Al-10Mn intermediate alloy preheated to 150 ℃ is added after the Al is completely smelted and the temperature rises to 750 ℃ and is stable, refining agent is added after the Al is completely smelted, the refining agent is fully stirred for 10 minutes, the melt is kept stand at 750 ℃ for 18 minutes, scum on the surface is removed, then the smelting temperature is reduced to 720 ℃ and is kept for 20 minutes, the melt is poured into an iron mold preheated to 280 ℃ under the condition of 720 ℃, an aluminum alloy ingot is prepared, and then the obtained alloy ingot is processed by adopting a simple machining process to prepare a corresponding cast alloy section. Homogenizing the aluminum alloy ingot at 500 ℃ for 18 hours, and then carrying out water quenching treatment to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot sample. Preheating the ingot after homogenization treatment at 420 ℃ for 2 hours, and extruding at 450 ℃ according to the extrusion ratio of 5:1 and the extrusion speed of 3.5m/min to prepare the corresponding wrought alloy section.
The tensile strength of the alloy is as follows: 450 MPa; the yield strength is: 382 MPa; the elongation is: 15.3 percent.
Example 2:
a preparation method of low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn cast aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
weighing the following components in percentage by weight: 4.5% (45 kg) of industrial pure magnesium (Mg); 1.5 percent of pure manganese (Mn) (added by an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, wherein the mass ratio of aluminum to manganese is 9:1) and 150kg of alloy; the balance was commercial purity aluminum Al (805 kg). Firstly, Al is smelted at 750 ℃, Al-10Mn intermediate alloy preheated to 150 ℃ is added after the Al is completely smelted and the temperature rises to 750 ℃ and is stable, refining agent is added after the Al is completely smelted, the refining agent is fully stirred for 10 minutes, the melt is kept stand at 750 ℃ for 18 minutes, scum on the surface is removed, then the smelting temperature is reduced to 720 ℃ and is kept for 20 minutes, the melt is poured into an iron mold preheated to 280 ℃ under the condition of 720 ℃, an aluminum alloy ingot is prepared, and then the obtained alloy ingot is processed by adopting a simple machining process to prepare a corresponding cast alloy section. Homogenizing the aluminum alloy ingot at 500 ℃ for 18 hours, and then carrying out water quenching treatment to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot sample. Preheating the ingot after homogenization treatment at 420 ℃ for 2 hours, and extruding at 450 ℃ according to the extrusion ratio of 5:1 and the extrusion speed of 3.5m/min to prepare the corresponding wrought alloy section.
The tensile strength of the alloy is as follows: 445 MPa; the yield strength is: 372 MPa; the elongation is: 16.2 percent.
Example 3:
a preparation method of low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn cast aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
weighing the following components in percentage by weight: 5.5% (55 kg) of industrial pure magnesium (Mg); 2.0 percent of pure manganese (Mn) (added by an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, wherein the mass ratio of aluminum to manganese is 9:1), and 200kg of the alloy; the balance was commercial pure aluminum Al (745 kg). Firstly, Al is smelted at 750 ℃, Al-10Mn intermediate alloy preheated to 150 ℃ is added after the Al is completely smelted and the temperature rises to 750 ℃ and is stable, refining agent is added after the Al is completely smelted, the mixture is fully stirred for 10 minutes, the melt is kept stand at 750 ℃ for 18 minutes, scum on the surface is removed, then the smelting temperature is reduced to 720 ℃ and is kept for 20 minutes, the mixture is poured into an iron mold preheated to 300 ℃ under the condition of 720 ℃, an aluminum alloy cast ingot is prepared, and then the obtained alloy cast ingot is processed by adopting a simple machining process to prepare a corresponding cast alloy section. Homogenizing the aluminum alloy ingot at 500 ℃ for 18 hours, and then carrying out water quenching treatment to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot sample. Preheating the ingot after homogenization treatment at 420 ℃ for 2 hours, and extruding at 450 ℃ according to the extrusion ratio of 5:1 and the extrusion speed of 3.5m/min to prepare the corresponding wrought alloy section.
The tensile strength of the alloy is as follows: 438 MPa; the yield strength is: 364 MPa; the elongation is: 17 percent.
Example 4:
a preparation method of low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn cast aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
weighing the following components in percentage by weight: 3.5% (35 kg) of industrial pure magnesium (Mg); 1.0% of pure manganese (Mn) (added by an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, wherein the mass ratio of aluminum to manganese is 9:1), and 100kg of alloy; the balance was commercial purity aluminum Al (865 kg). Firstly, Al is smelted at 750 ℃, Al-10Mn intermediate alloy preheated to 150 ℃ is added after the Al is completely smelted and the temperature rises to 750 ℃ and is stable, refining agent is added after the Al is completely smelted, the refining agent is fully stirred for 10 minutes, the melt is kept stand at 750 ℃ for 18 minutes, scum on the surface is removed, then the smelting temperature is reduced to 720 ℃ and is kept for 20 minutes, the melt is poured into an iron mold preheated to 280 ℃ under the condition of 720 ℃, an aluminum alloy ingot is prepared, and then the obtained alloy ingot is processed by adopting a simple machining process to prepare a corresponding cast alloy section. Homogenizing the aluminum alloy ingot at 500 ℃ for 18 hours, and then carrying out water quenching treatment to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot sample. Preheating the ingot after homogenization treatment at 420 ℃ for 2 hours, and extruding at 450 ℃ according to the extrusion ratio of 30:1 and the extrusion speed of 1.5m/min to prepare the corresponding wrought alloy section.
The tensile strength of the alloy is as follows: 458 MPa; the yield strength is: 390 MPa; the elongation is: 15.8 percent.
Comparative example 1:
taking a common ZL201 commercial cast aluminum alloy, and inspecting the mechanical property of the cast aluminum alloy to obtain the following tensile strength: more than or equal to 365 MPa; the yield strength is: 308 MPa; the elongation is: 8.7 percent.
Comparative example 2:
the commercial wrought aluminum alloy 5052 is taken, and the mechanical property of the commercial wrought aluminum alloy is tested to obtain the following tensile strength: more than or equal to 295 MPa; the yield strength is: 248 MPa; the elongation is: 6.5 percent.
And (4) analyzing results:
the aluminum alloys described in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were tested on a SANSI UTM5000 universal tester (tensile rate: 3 mm/s) using a room temperature tensile test specimen processed according to the GB/T228.1: 2010 standard.
The specific embodiment and the test effect show that after the Al-Mg-Mn cast aluminum alloy material is subjected to thermoplastic deformation, the tensile strength is greater than 400MPa, the yield strength is greater than 360MPa, and the elongation is greater than 15%. Compared with the existing common ZL201 commercial cast aluminum alloy and the wrought aluminum alloy 5052, the wrought aluminum alloy has better tensile strength and elongation, and can be used as a light structural material of motor vehicle parts such as a 3C product shell, an automobile seat, an engine frame, a radiator support and the like, so as to better serve the requirements of the automobile industry on light metal profiles.
Claims (6)
1. The low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof are characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 3.5-5.5 wt.% of Mg, 1.0-2.0 wt.% of Mn, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials according to the formula and heating for melting;
s2: casting the molten metal in the molten state in the step S1 into ingots;
s3: homogenizing the cast ingot obtained in the step S2;
s4: preheating the cast ingot subjected to homogenization treatment in the step S3 at 400-450 ℃ for 2 hours, and performing extrusion, rolling and forging thermoplastic deformation processes at 420-450 ℃ to prepare the corresponding deformed alloy section.
2. The low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized by consisting of the following components in percentage by mass: 3.5wt.% of Mg, 1.0wt.% of Mn, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of the inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 wt.%.
3. The method for preparing a low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the melting sequence in the step S1 is that firstly, Al is melted between 720 ℃ and 770 ℃, Mg and Al-Mn intermediate alloy preheated to 150 ℃ is added after the Al is completely melted and the temperature is raised to 770 ℃ and stabilized, a refining agent is added after the Al is completely melted, the mixture is fully stirred for 5 to 10 minutes, the melt is kept stand for 10 to 20 minutes at 770 ℃, and scum on the surface is removed.
4. The method for preparing a low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the casting sequence in the step S2 is to reduce the smelting temperature of molten metal to 720 ℃ and keep the temperature for 20 minutes; and then pouring the cast alloy into an iron grinding tool preheated to 250-350 ℃ at 720 ℃ to prepare an aluminum alloy cast ingot, and then machining the obtained alloy cast ingot to prepare the cast alloy section.
5. The method for preparing a low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step S3, homogenizing the aluminum alloy ingot at 450-550 ℃ for 16-20 hours, and then performing water quenching to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot sample.
6. The method for preparing a low-cost high-performance Al-Mg-Mn aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S4, the extrusion ratio is 5: 1-30: 1, and the extrusion speed is 1.5-3.5 m/min.
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Application publication date: 20200428 |