CN1003238B - 水下混凝土外加剂 - Google Patents

水下混凝土外加剂 Download PDF

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CN1003238B
CN1003238B CN86106211A CN86106211A CN1003238B CN 1003238 B CN1003238 B CN 1003238B CN 86106211 A CN86106211 A CN 86106211A CN 86106211 A CN86106211 A CN 86106211A CN 1003238 B CN1003238 B CN 1003238B
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polyacrylamide
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田广墅
陆泉林
杜伟
吕新华
朱蓓蓉
王山
顾大平
季鸿渐
孙占维
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Institute Of Construction Technology Ministry Of Petroleum
Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals Inc
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Abstract

一种用于水中灌注的水下混凝土外加剂，是由聚丙烯酰胺与页岩灰或与硅粉混合而成。可含有β－萘磺酸甲醛缩合物等阴离子表面活性剂。掺入该外加剂的水泥、砂浆或混凝土拌合物从中自由落下进行灌注时不离析、不分散，保持灌注硬化物的性质不件，成本较低。可用一般施工方法进行水下灌注混凝土、水下浆锚、水下灌浆等快速施工。

Description

水下混凝土外加剂
本发明涉及一种在水下灌注的水泥、砂浆、混凝土的外加剂。掺入该外加剂的水泥、砂浆或混凝土拌合物从水中自由落下进行灌注时不离析、不分散，保持灌注硬化物的性质不变。
以往将水泥、砂、石、水等拌制的混凝土拌合物在水中下落灌注的过程中，拌合物中的水泥浆就被水冲洗而流失，拌合物产生离析，混凝土硬化物强度明显降低。日本公开专利1983-49650公开了一种采用海泡石与凝聚剂（聚丙烯酰胺等）、也可掺入减水剂（烷基萘磺酸钠等）等配制的水下混凝土外加剂。该专利中所述，在混凝土拌合物中只掺入聚丙烯酰胺，虽然可防止其拌合物中水泥浆的散失，却不能充分防止拌合物中骨料的分散、离析。为解决这一问题，该专利中采用了海泡石用于防止拌合物中骨料的分散、离析。但是该海泡石需在一定液体下破碎，要求破碎中不损坏其针状纤维结构，所以海泡石粉碎加工工艺要求较严，再有海泡石受我国产地及成本的限制，在应用上有一定局限。
为解决上述海泡石存在的问题，本发明中采用页岩灰或硅粉两者之一与聚丙烯酰胺混合，其中也可再掺入β-萘磺酸甲醛缩合物等阴离子表面活性剂，其效果优于海泡石。本发明的水下混凝土外加剂经多次试验表明，可使掺入该外加剂的水泥、砂浆或混凝土拌合物在水中自由落下进行灌注时不离析、不分散、保持拌合物灌注的均匀性;灌注的拌合物可自行充满模型、流平、密实，不需振捣;如配制成低流动性拌合物可抵抗动水冲刷;灌注后拌合物不分层、不翻沫、不泌水、不侵水，不与外界水有交换作用，保持初始灌注时拌合物的配合比;拌合物的硬化物性能几乎与陆上施工的相同;该外加剂对钢筋无锈蚀作用;用海水拌合时硬化物性能不变;施工中对施工水域污染程度小;本发明的外加剂可降低外加剂中价格高的聚丙烯酰胺的用量，降低水泥用量，该外加剂的成本较低，页岩灰的成本仅为海泡石的1/20。
本发明中的水下混凝土外加剂是由页岩灰与聚丙烯酰胺或者硅粉与聚丙烯酰胺混合而成。其中的页岩灰主要成分有SiO2和Al2O3，呈空心微粒状，具有极大的比表面积，掺入水泥中当与水拌合时能吸附更多的水分，使水泥浆分散体稠化，增加凝聚结构，增加水泥抗水洗作用;能与水泥水化反应产生的Ca（OH）2反应，生成具有胶凝性质的水化硅酸钙和水化铝酸钙，可胶结骨料，防止拌合物离析、分散、提高硬化物强度。本发明中的页岩灰化学成分（%）为：SiO256～60;Al2O319～24;Fe2O37～11;TiO20.5～1;CaO0.8～1.7;MgO0.5～1.5;SO30.5～2.0;K2O1.0～2.2;Na2O0.05～0.4;烧失量0.6～4.5。比重2.2，容重200～400千克/米3，比表面积5000～20000米2/千克。本发明中的页岩灰掺量为水泥重量的0.5～15%，掺量小于0.5%时作用不大，掺量大于15%时降低拌合物胶结性能及降低硬化物强度。最佳掺量为3.1%。本发明中如用硅粉代替其中的页岩灰，其硅粉具有上述页岩灰相似的作用。该硅粉主要由无定形SiO2组成，其化学成分（%）为：SiO290～96;Al2O30.5～3.0;Fe2O30.2～0.8;CaO0.1～0.5;MgO0.5～1.5;K2O0.2～0.7;Na2O0.4～1.0;烧失量0.7～2.5。比重2.1，容重200～300千克/米3，比表面积19000～22000米2/千克。该硅粉的掺量为水泥用量的1～10%，掺量小于1%时作用不明显，掺量大于10%时降低拌合物的胶结性能及降低硬化物的强度。最佳掺量为3.1%。
本发明中采用的聚丙烯酰胺，其分子量为200万～900万，水解度在30%以下，掺量为水泥重量的0.1～3%，掺量小于0.1%时，水泥浆粘稠效果不明显，掺量大于3%时拌合物过于粘稠，不能使用常规机具施工，并降低硬化物的强度。最佳掺量为水泥重的0.65%。
本发明中的外加剂可掺入β-萘磺酸甲醛缩合物等阴离子表面活性剂，可使聚丙烯酰胺颗粒包覆一层易溶解的表面活性剂，使聚丙烯酰胺颗粒易水解，易扩散，不易结团;此外对水泥浆有一定塑化作用，提高拌合物的流动度。该β-萘磺酸甲醛缩合物的掺量为水泥用量的0.1～3%，其中小于0.1%时作用不大，掺量大于3%时降低硬化物的强度，最佳掺量为1.0%。本发明中的外加剂，当然也可同时采用页岩灰和硅粉，也可掺入减水剂、调凝剂等。
本发明中的外加剂可按上述各组分比例，预先配制成外加剂，再加入水泥、砂浆、混凝土中。具体实施方法结合下面实施例说明。
实施例：水下灌注砂浆试验
（1）按表1所列配合比称料。将水泥、外加剂、砂干拌均匀后加入GB 177-77水泥胶砂搅拌机内，加水拌合6分钟。将GB177-77水泥胶砂试模置于水深400毫米的灌注槽内，把拌好的砂浆通过漏斗从水面灌下，灌注中保持拌合物在水中自由落差为400毫米。截去模上多余砂浆，拆模养护至规定期令，按GB177-77规定方法测定砂浆试件的强度。
（2）向1000毫升量筒中加水1000毫升，用搅拌勺取出新拌砂浆一勺从量筒水面灌下，5秒钟后用吸管从距水面50毫米深处吸取一定量水放入水样杯内，用比光浊度仪测其浊度。
（3）按GB2419-81规定，测定新拌砂浆流动度。
试验结果列于表2。
本发明的水下混凝土外加剂如用于水下混凝土施工时，其实施方法与上述砂浆施工相似。首先称取水泥、外加剂、砂、石放入强制式混凝土搅拌机内干拌1分钟，按规定水灰比（如0.5）加水搅拌3分钟，出料。然后把混凝土拌合物进行水中自由落下灌注。其混凝土28天抗压强度可达29.4兆帕。本发明的水下混凝土外加剂除用于水下混凝土施工外，也可用于水下浆锚、水下灌浆等。
表1 水下灌注砂浆的组成及用量
配 方 序 号 砂 浆 （克） 外 加 剂 （克）
水 泥 中 砂 水 聚丙烯 酰胺 β-萘 磺酸甲醛 缩合物 页岩灰 硅粉 海泡石
1 725.5 1875 450 4.7 7.5 22.5 - -
2 725.5 1875 450 4.7 7.5 - 22.5 -
3 750.0 1875 450 4.7 7.5 - - 7.5
4 750.0 1875 450 7.1 7.5 - - -
5 720.0 1875 450 3.5 - 15 - -
6 720.0 1875 450 3.5 - - 15 -
7 750.0 1875 450 4.0 - - - -
8 750.0 1875 450 - - - - -
注：（1）水泥为525普通硅酸盐水泥。
表2 水下灌注砂浆的性能
配方 序号 浊 度 值 流 动 度 （毫米） 抗 压 强 度 （兆帕）
7天 28天
1 16 197 18.7 24.3
2 14 190 17.7 24.7
3 26 201 17.9 21.6
4 14 196 12.6 18.0
5 20 185 10.8 17.6
6 18 183 10.3 17.2
7 15 180 9.0 12.0
8 95 237 5.4 9.4

Claims (12)

1、一种水下施工用的水泥、砂浆、混凝土的外加剂，含有聚丙烯酰胺，其特征是：
a.掺入页岩灰;
b.或者掺入硅粉。
2、根据权利要求1所述的外加剂，其特征是：
a.页岩灰的比表面积为5000～20000米2/千克;
b.硅粉的比表面积为19000～22000米2/千克。
3、根据权利要求1所述的外加剂，还含有β-萘磺酸甲醛缩合物，其特征是外加剂的配合比（占水泥重量的百分数）为：
a.聚丙烯酰胺∶页岩灰∶β-萘磺酸甲醛缩合物＝（0.1～3.0）∶（0.5～15）∶（0.1～3.0）
b.聚丙烯酰胺∶硅粉∶β-萘磺酸甲醛缩合物＝（0.1～3.0）∶（1.0～10）∶（0.1～3.0）。
4、根据权利要求3所述的外加剂，其特征是最佳配合比（占水泥重量的百分数）为：
a.聚丙烯酰胺∶页岩灰∶β-萘磺酸甲醛缩合物＝0.65∶3.1∶1.0
b.聚丙烯酰胺∶硅粉∶β-萘磺酸甲醛缩合物＝0.65∶3.1∶1.0。
CN86106211A 1986-09-16 1986-09-16 水下混凝土外加剂 Expired CN1003238B (zh)

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CN100556843C (zh) * 2008-03-28 2009-11-04 安东石油技术（集团）有限公司 一种水泥添加剂
CN100590091C (zh) * 2008-03-28 2010-02-17 安东石油技术（集团）有限公司 一种水泥添加剂的应用方法

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US7055603B2 (en) * 2003-09-24 2006-06-06 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Cement compositions comprising strength-enhancing lost circulation materials and methods of cementing in subterranean formations
CN103787610B (zh) * 2014-01-23 2016-01-13 福建省建科工程技术有限公司 一种透水混凝土添加剂及其制备方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN100556843C (zh) * 2008-03-28 2009-11-04 安东石油技术（集团）有限公司 一种水泥添加剂
CN100590091C (zh) * 2008-03-28 2010-02-17 安东石油技术（集团）有限公司 一种水泥添加剂的应用方法

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