CH717232A1 - Generator for generating rig-shaped and spatial eddies in a liquid. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a generator (1) and its operation and use for generating annular and spatial eddies in a liquid (2). It has a stator housing (3) with an inlet opening (4) and an eccentric outlet opening (5). It also has a rotor (8) with channels extending radially outward. The rotor (8) has a rotor disk (10) firmly attached to it, radially outside the rotor (8), with a side surface (11) with inner grooves (12) which are in constant fluid connection with the rotor ducts (9). The stator housing (3) has a stator disk (14) with a side surface (15) with stator slots (16). When these grooves (12, 16) face each other due to the rotation of the rotor disk (10), a periodic flow of liquid is formed from the inner grooves (12) to the stator grooves (16), and annular vortices are created by shear stress in the portioned liquid (2 ) formed as the portions of the liquid (2) move back and forth in the grooves (12, 16).

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a generator for generating toroidal and spatial eddies in a liquid, comprising a substantially rotationally symmetrical stator housing with an axis and an axial inlet opening and an eccentric outlet opening aligned in a plane which is normal to the axis, and a rotor rotatably arranged around the axis in the stator housing with radially outwardly extending channels in constant fluid connection with the inlet opening. The invention also relates to a method for operating such a generator and a use of this method.

General state of the art

Generators for a similar purpose are listed in the documents US 322866 A1, US 2011/0139902 A1, US 9956532 B2 and WO 2013/056300 A1. A technical solution through the construction of a vortex generator, commercialization and operation over a longer period of time has also been implemented by the Swedish company Watreco.

All of the above examples assume a vortex generator which is designed as an independent technical device into which the medium is fed by its own additional external device.

Thus, the cited devices are, for example, not able to process liquid and gas with a volume ratio of at least 1: 1 at the same time. Furthermore, these devices are not able to process a liquid and a solid dispersed in this liquid, such as rock debris in crude oil, with a mass ratio of at least 2: 1.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide an aforementioned generator for generating a vertebral plexus divided into a system of toroidal vertebrae, and thereby to change the structure of the transferred liquid medium. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to process liquid and gas with a volume ratio of at least 1: 1 at the same time.

The objects are achieved by a generator according to the description by the features of the first independent claim.

Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to describe a method which is to be used for treating the liquid, and a use of such a method. The features in the independent claims of the relevant categories describe such methods and their use.

In accordance with the invention, the generator has a rotor disk which is attached to the rotor in a rotationally fixed manner radially outside the rotor, with a side surface normal to the axis. This side surface has inner grooves which are spaced apart from one another and which are arranged at equal distances from the axis and in constant fluid connection with the rotor channels in order to portion and temporarily block the liquid. The generator also has a stator disk which is attached to the stator housing with a non-rotatable connection. The stator disk has a side face which faces the side face of the rotor disk. Furthermore, the stator disk has spaced apart and equidistant from the axis stator grooves to provide passages for the liquid to form a periodic flow of liquid from the inner grooves to the stator grooves when these grooves face each other due to the rotation of the rotor disk in operation . This enables toroidal vortices to be generated in the portioned liquid during use by shear stress as the portions of liquid pass from the inner slots to the stator slots and move back and forth. These grooves provide passages for the liquid which radially pass the stator disk and the rotor disk to the outlet opening and contribute between 70% and 95% to a total liquid flow through the generator.

Furthermore, the rotor disk and the stator disk are spaced from one another by a gap in order to allow a permanent flow of liquid from the inner grooves through this gap to the outlet opening. During use, this creates spatial eddies in the laminar liquid flow due to the difference in speed of the side surfaces defining the gap and due to periodic interruptions by the portioned liquid which passes through the gap in the axial direction. This laminar fluid flow contributes between 5% and 30% of the total fluid flow through the generator.

In a preferred version, the side surface of the rotor disk further has outer grooves radially outside of the inner grooves, which are spaced apart and equidistant from the axis in order to channel the periodic liquid flow before it can leave the rotor disk.

The inventive method for operating such a generator for generating toroidal and spatial vortices in a liquid comprises the steps of supplying a liquid to the inlet opening and of causing the rotor to rotate with the attached rotor disk. Furthermore, a permanent liquid flow and a periodic liquid flow are created between the stator disk and the rotor disk.

In the periodic liquid flow of the portioned liquid toroidal vortices are generated by shear stress, since the portions of the liquid get from the inner grooves to the stator grooves and move back and forth.

At the same time, due to the speed difference of the side surfaces, as well as due to periodic interruptions by the portioned liquid which passes the gap in the axial direction, spatial eddies are generated in the permanent liquid flow in the gap between the side surfaces.

Finally, the permanent liquid flow and the periodic liquid flow are combined into a total liquid flow, which is directed to the outlet opening of the generator in order to leave the generator.

When circulating at a high speed of about 3000 revolutions per minute ± 20%, the capacity of the generator is about 200 m 3 / hour ± 20%. With an outer diameter of the rotor and the rotor disk and the stator disk of approximately 30 cm ± 20%, the speed of rotation between the two disks on their side surfaces is approximately 180 km / hour. The fluid of the constant flow in the gap, which is about 1 mm wide, is accelerated in the vortex and thereby transformed into small tori. The same applies to the liquid which enters the inner grooves of the rotor disk when the next stator groove is not yet arranged opposite this inner groove. The liquid is at the same speed of 3000 m / min. exposed while the outlet is closed. Naturally, the pressure increases until the outlet finally opens and the liquid can enter the next chamber, the stator slot. During the passage it not only follows the rotating path radially outwards, but also moves in an axial direction, which further accelerates the liquid and increases the formation of the vortices and the ability to transform them into tori.

This flow could leave the stator / rotor disk system in a spiral of a guide vane, which is arranged radially outside the stator disk and ends in the outlet opening, or it could flow further through outer grooves in the rotor disk before entering the guide vane got. If such outer grooves are built into the side surface of the rotor ring, the liquid must again change its direction parallel to the axial direction, which further intensifies the vortex formation and rotates the internal flow relative to the total flow of its vortex section.

Due to the formation of such tori, the liquid changes its properties. If seawater is fed to the inlet opening, for example, demineralization of aqueous salt solutions and a concentration of inorganic salts obtained from aqueous salt solutions can be achieved. All non-organic salts are crystallized in the generator that is in operation. By filtering the water immediately after it leaves the generator, fresh water is separated from most of the salts and minerals. Other examples of generator applications include low temperature cracking in connection with the processing of crude oil feedstocks, mixing, dispersing, emulsifying, suspending, homogenizing and dissolving.

The invention can be used in the petroleum, refinery, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, chemical, food processing, and construction industries. It can also be used in water treatment in power generation and in food processing, in the energy sector in the production of water vapor, in plants for the production of potable and non-potable fresh water, for the production of monomolecular layers such as graphene when dispersing solids, the solids along flat parallels Layers are split; in the nuclear power industry to treat polluted wastewater while producing concentrated isotopes of radioactive materials and non-potable fresh water, in the field of wastewater treatment to treat industrial and household wastewater to remove dissolved inorganic salts and to obtain purified water and dry inorganic salts, as well as in the treatment of Salt water and sea water can be used to remove water-soluble minerals and to concentrate such removed water-soluble inorganic salts.

Brief description of the drawings

In the following the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a generator; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a rotor disk; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a stator disk; Figure 4 is a perspective drawing of the permanent flow; Fig. 5 is a perspective drawing of the periodic flow; Figure 6 is a photograph of a developing torus; Figure 7 is a photograph of a fully formed torus.

Detailed description of the invention

Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a generator 1 for generating toroidal and spatial vortices in a liquid 2. This has an essentially rotationally symmetrical stator housing 3 with an axis 7 and an axial inlet opening 4 and an eccentric outlet opening 5 aligned in a plane 6, which is aligned normal to the axis 7, and a rotor 8 rotatably arranged around the axis 7 in the stator housing 3 with radially outwardly extending channels 9 in a constant fluid connection with the inlet opening 4. In a given example, the rotor 8 has an outside diameter of approximately 30 cm ± 20%.

A rotor disk 10, as shown in FIG. 2, is attached to the rotor 8 in a rotationally fixed manner radially outside of the rotor 8. It has a side surface 11 of the rotor disk 10 normal to the axis 7, with inner grooves 12 which are spaced apart from one another and are arranged at the same distance from the axis 7 in order to channel the liquid 2. Furthermore, it can also have outer grooves 13 on the same surface 11 of the rotor disk 10. These outer grooves 13 are also spaced apart from one another and are arranged at equal distances from the axis 7.

The generator 1 also has a stator disk 14, as shown in FIG. 3, which is attached to the stator housing 3 with a non-rotatable connection. This has a side surface 15 which faces the side surface 11 of the rotor disk 10, as well as stator slots 16 which are spaced apart from one another and are arranged at the same distance from the axis 7. These create passages for the liquid 2 in order to form a periodic liquid flow 19 from the inner grooves 12 to the stator grooves 16.

When these grooves 12, 16 face each other due to the rotation of the rotor disk 10 during operation, a periodic liquid flow 19 is formed from the inner grooves 12 to the stator grooves 16, which during use generate annular vortices in the portioned liquid 2 due to shear stress . This happens because the portions of the liquid 2 flow from the inner slots 12 to the stator slots 16 and move back and forth. If the rotor disk 10 has the outer grooves 13, the formation of annular vortices within the periodic liquid flow 19 is further intensified before it can leave the rotor disk 10.

Finally, passages are created radially outside the stator disk 14 to the outlet opening 5, which passages contribute between 70 and 95% to a total liquid flow 20 through the generator 1.

The number of each of the types of grooves 12, 13, 16 is between 16 and 42, whereby they do not have to be arranged at the same distance from one another on their respective disc 10, 14, which is however preferred. The number of inner slots 12 can be equal to the number of outer slots 13 and / or the number of stator slots 16. This is the case in FIGS. 2 and 3.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the rotor disk 10 and the stator disk 14 are spaced apart from one another by a gap 17. This gap allows a permanent liquid flow 18 to flow from the inner grooves 12 through the gap 17 to the outlet opening 5 in order to be able to flow during use due to the speed difference of the side surfaces 11, 15 which define the gap 17, as well as due to periodic interruptions by the portioned liquid 2 , which passes the gap 17 in the axial direction, to generate spatial eddies in the laminar liquid flow 2. This permanent liquid flow 18 contributes between 5% and 30% to the total liquid flow 20 through the generator 1. This is shown by the parallel arrows in FIG. 4. This flow is independent of the current position of the rotor disk 8.

The generator 1 can furthermore have a guide vane 21 inside the stator housing 3 radially outside the stator disk 14 and the rotor disk 10 in order to guide the total liquid flow 20 to the outlet opening 5.

By the steps of supplying the liquid 2 to the inlet opening 4, setting the rotor 8 in rotation with the rotor disk 10 attached, and causing a permanent flow of liquid 18 and a periodic flow of liquid 19 between the stator disk 14 and the rotor disk The generator 1 can be used to generate annular and spatial eddies in a liquid 2.

In the portioned liquid 2 of the periodic liquid flow 19, annular vortices are generated by shear stress, since the portions of the liquid 2 get from the inner grooves 12 to the stator grooves 16 and move back and forth.

Furthermore, due to the speed difference of the side surfaces (11, 15), as well as due to periodic interruptions by the portioned liquid (2), which passes the gap (17) in the axial direction, spatial eddies in the permanent liquid flow 18 in the gap 17 between the side surfaces (11, 15) generated.

Finally, the permanent liquid flow 18 and the periodic liquid flow 19 are combined to form a total liquid flow 20, which is directed to the outlet opening 5 of the generator 1 in order to enable it to leave the generator 1.

In a given example, the rotor 8 rotates at 3000 revolutions per minute ± 20%, and the capacity of the generator 1 is approximately 200 m 3 / hour ± 20%. As described above, under such conditions, particularly due to the friction of the liquid in the permanent liquid flow 19 and the sudden change in direction in the periodic liquid flow, a vortex will form and the liquid has the ability to transform into tori. Figure 6 shows a photograph of a developing torus, and Figure 7 shows a photograph of a fully formed torus. The photo was taken using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Its transverse resolution is approximately 0.2-0.5 µm. The image size is 2,000 points per image, 400 µm - 1 cm. The approximate resolution along the Z axis is 0.3 µm. Around its outer diameter, such a fluid torus vortex brings it to circumferential speeds of 200 - 400 meters per second, while it remains in the flow of this same fluid, which moves at 2 - 4 meters per second.

The liquid 2 which is supplied to the inlet opening 4 can be, for example, water with dissolved inorganic salts such as salt water, and the total liquid flow 20 which is directed away from the outlet opening 5 is fresh water with admixed water-soluble crystallized inorganic salts . After it has been diverted away from the outlet opening 5, the total liquid flow 20 must be filtered in order to obtain fresh water separately from the water-soluble crystallized inorganic salts.

In a further example, the liquid 2 supplied to the inlet opening 4 can be heating oil with 3-5% sulfur and up to 3% water, and the total liquid flow 20 which is directed away from the outlet opening is heating oil with 0.3-0 , 5% sulfur, up to 5% colloidal sulfur and up to 1% liquid hydrocarbon. After it has been diverted away from the outlet opening 5, the total liquid flow 20 is filtered in order to obtain fuel oil separately from colloidal sulfur.

Compared to other processes which lead to the same results, the method described here is much simpler, cheaper and more reliable.

The process can be used in any of the following industries, to name a few: In the petroleum, refining, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, chemical, food processing and construction industries; in water treatment for power generation and in food processing; in the energy sector in the production of water vapor, in plants for the production of potable and non-potable fresh water; for the production of monomolecular layers such as graphene when dispersing solids, the solids being split along flat parallel layers; in the nuclear power industry to treat polluted wastewater while producing concentrated isotopes of radioactive materials and non-potable fresh water; In the field of wastewater treatment for the treatment of industrial and household wastewater to remove dissolved inorganic salts and to obtain purified water and dry inorganic salts; as well as in the treatment of salt water and sea water to remove water-soluble minerals and to concentrate such removed water-soluble inorganic salts.

Another example: In operation, the rotor 8 and the rotor disk 10 fixedly attached to it rotate at approximately 3000 revolutions per minute +/- 20%; the outer diameter of the rotor disk is in the range from 0.25 to 0.40 meters +/- 20%. The average linear peripheral speed is 47 - 125.7 meters per second or 170 - 450 kilometers per hour. In the case of such a device with a rotor disk 10 of 0.3 meters outside diameter, its linear circumferential speed would be 94 meters per second or 340 kilometers per hour.

Liquid 2 leaves the rotor 8 in order to get into the inner grooves 12 of the rotor disk 10 when they meet the stator groove 16 of the stator disk 14; it has approximately the same linear circumferential speed until the rotor disk 10 rotates to the side and faces the closed space between the grooves 12, 13, 16. At this point the passage for the liquid 2 to exit the chamber of the rotor disk cavity would close. This would create a pressure spike in the inner groove 12 of the rotor disk 10 until an outlet for the liquid 2 opens and the liquid 2 is able to flow into the stator groove 16 which is formed in the stator disk 14.

Immediately after the closing point, the periodic flow 19 is accelerated further; a portion of this flow rotates 180 ° and begins to move in the direction opposite to the main flow within the inner grooves 12, taking the form of a twisted flow and forming a stable vortex plexus along the entire length of the inner grooves 12, which partially enters the stator slot 16.

The further rotation of the rotor disk 10 opens the flow passage from the inner grooves 12 into the stator grooves 16 in part. Because the opening is still very narrow, the space for the flow of the vertebral plexus becomes narrow and the plexus begins to divide into torus pieces. The toroidal vortices generated in this way pass into the stator slots 16, where they are shaped by the slots into separate toroidal vortices.

Since the flow passage from the inner grooves 12 to the stator grooves 16 then gradually opens, each of the stator grooves 16 is filled with a screw-like vortex network, which divides into sections as soon as the total flow of the liquid reverses its direction by 180 °, whereby similar toroidal vortices are generated.

The period in which the stator slots 16 are fully open is very short, since the rotor disk 10 rotates at 3000 revolutions per minute. The continued rotation of the rotor narrows the spaces for the plexus as the inner grooves 12 gradually close. This promotes the progressive division of the vertebral plexus into torus vertebrae.

As soon as the stator slots 16 close completely, the entire process is repeated. The permanent liquid flow 18 between the disks 10, 14 is compressed between the flat parallel side surfaces 11, 15 of the rotor disk 10 and the stator disk 14 and moves radially.

The permanent liquid flow 18 is disturbed by eddy currents which flow perpendicularly to the permanent liquid flow from the inner grooves 12 to the stator grooves 16.

In this context, the permanent liquid flow 18 is influenced by shear stresses which the rotor disk 10 generates when it moves in relation to the freely attached stator disk 14, which is blocked in order to prevent its rotation. The grooves 12, 13 in the side surface 11 of the rotor disk continuously interrupt the planar flow 18 between the disks and generate spatial eddies in it.

When those spatial eddies come into contact with annular eddies, first of the inner grooves 12 and then of the stator grooves 16, they transform into even smaller and more intense toroidal eddies, distribute together with toroidal eddies from the stator disk grooves 12 in FIG Total flow 20, and are directed into a drainage system.

The contact between spatial eddies in the permanent liquid flow 18 and the spatial vortex network for the periodic flow 19, which leaves the stator slots 16 when they open completely, contributes to their transformation into more stable toroidal eddies. Since the two flows 18, 19 mix with one another, they generate the total liquid flow 20, which is characterized by a significant internal volume of torus vortices.

The generator 1 is able to process a liquid 2 and a solid dispersed in this liquid (for example rock debris in crude oil) with a mass ratio of at least 2: 1. The generator 1 is also able to process liquids with a kinematic viscosity of more than 400 mm 2 / sec. to process.

List of reference numbers

1 generator 2 liquid 3 stator housing 4 inlet opening 5 outlet opening 6 plane 7 axis 8 rotor 9 channels 10 rotor disc 11 side surface of the rotor disc 12 inner grooves 13 outer grooves 14 stator disc 15 side surface on the stator disc 16 stator grooves 17 gap 18 permanent liquid flow 19 periodic liquid flow 20 total liquid flow 21 guide vane

Claims (15)

1. Generator (1) for generating annular and spatial eddies in a liquid (2), comprising a substantially rotationally symmetrical stator housing (3) with an axis (7) and an axial inlet opening (4) and an eccentric outlet opening (5) aligned in a plane (6) which is aligned normal to the axis (7), and a rotor (8) rotatably arranged around the axis (7) in the stator housing (3) with radially outwardly extending channels (9) in a constant fluid connection with the inlet opening (4), characterized by a rotor disk (10) which is attached to the rotor (8) in a rotationally fixed manner radially outside the rotor (8), having a side surface (11) of the rotor disk (10) normal to the axis (7), with inner Grooves (12) which are spaced apart from one another and are arranged at the same distance from the axis (7) and in constant fluid connection with the rotor channels (9) in order to temporarily block the liquid (2) being portioned, and a stator disk (14) attached to the stator housing (3) with a non-rotatable connection, having a side surface (15) of the stator disk (14) which faces the side surface (11) of the rotor disk (10), the side surface (15) of the stator disk (14) having stator grooves (16) which are spaced apart and at equal distances from the axis (7) to provide passages for the liquid (2) to form a periodic flow of liquid (19) from the inner grooves (12) to the To create stator grooves (16) when these grooves (12, 16) face each other during operation due to the rotation of the rotor disk (10) in order to generate annular vortices in the portioned liquid (2) during use by shear stress when the portions of the Liquid (2) pass from the inner grooves (12) to the stator grooves (16) and move back and forth, and to create passages radially outside of the stator disc to the outlet opening (5), which between 70 and 95% contribute to a total liquid flow (20) through the generator (1), wherein the rotor disk (10) and the stator disk (14) are spaced from one another by a gap (17) in order to enable a permanent liquid flow (18) from the inner grooves (12) through this gap (17) to the outlet opening (5), to during use due to the speed difference of the side surfaces (11, 15) which define the gap (17), as well as due to periodic interruptions by the portioned liquid (2), which passes through the gap (17) in the axial direction, in the laminar liquid (2) to generate spatial eddies which contribute between 5% and 30% to the total liquid flow (20) through the generator (1). 2. Generator (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the side surface (11) of the rotor disk (10) has outer grooves (13) which are arranged radially outside the inner grooves (12), spaced from one another and at equal intervals from the Axis (7) are arranged in order to further intensify the formation of toroidal vortices within the periodic liquid flow (19) before it can leave the rotor disk (10). 3. Generator (1) according to claim 2, wherein the number of inner grooves (12) is equal to the number of outer grooves (13). 4. Generator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the number of inner slots (12) is equal to the number of stator slots (16). 5. Generator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a guide vane (21) inside the stator housing (3) radially outside the stator disk (14) and the rotor disk (10) in order to guide the total liquid flow (20) to the outlet opening (5) to direct. 6. Generator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the number of grooves (12, 13, 16) of each of the different types is between 16 and 42. 7. Generator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rotor (8) has an outer diameter of 30 cm ± 20%. 8. A method for operating a generator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims for generating annular and spatial eddies in a liquid (2) by the steps a) feeding the liquid (2) to the inlet opening (4); b) turning the rotor (8) with the rotor disk (10) attached thereto; c) causing a permanent liquid flow (18) and a periodic liquid flow (19) between the stator disk (14) and the rotor disk (10); d) generating annular vortices in the portioned liquid (2) of the periodic liquid flow (19) by shear stress when the portions of the liquid (2) get from the inner notches (12) to the stator notches (16) and move back and forth; e) generating spatial eddies in the permanent liquid flow (18) in the gap (17) between the side surfaces (11, 15) due to the speed difference of the side surfaces (11, 15), as well as due to periodic interruptions by the portioned liquid (2), which the Gap (17) happened in the axial direction; f) combining the permanent liquid flow (18) and the periodic liquid flow (19) into a total liquid flow (20); g) directing the total liquid flow (20) to the outlet opening (5) of the generator (1) in order to enable it to exit the generator (1). 9. Method according to claimFault! Reference source could not be found, the rotor (8) rotating at 3000 revolutions per minute ± 20%. 10. Method according to claim Error! Reference source could not be found, or error! Reference source could not be found. The capacity of the generator (1) is approximately 200 m <3> / hour ± 20%. 11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the liquid (2) supplied to the inlet opening (4) is water with dissolved inorganic salts, such as salt water, and the total liquid flow (20) flowing from the outlet opening (5) is diverted away, is fresh water with added water-soluble crystallized inorganic salts. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the total liquid flow (20), after being diverted away from the outlet opening (5), is filtered to obtain fresh water separately from the water-soluble crystallized inorganic salts. 13. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the inlet opening (4) supplied liquid (2) is heating oil with 3 - 5% sulfur and up to 3% water, and wherein the total liquid flow (20), which from the outlet opening (5) is diverted away, heating oil with 0.3-0.5% sulfur, up to 5% colloidal sulfur and up to 1% liquid hydrocarbon. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the total liquid flow (20), after being diverted away from the outlet opening (5), is filtered to recover fuel oil separately from colloidal sulfur. 15. Use of the method according to one of claims 8 to 14, in one of the following industries: a) in the petroleum, refining, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, chemical, food processing and construction industries; b) in water treatment in energy production and in food processing; c) in the energy sector in the production of water vapor; d) in plants for the production of potable and non-potable fresh water; e) for the production of monomolecular layers such as graphene when dispersing solids, the solids being split along flat parallel layers; f) in the nuclear power industry to treat polluted waste water while producing concentrated isotopes of radioactive materials and non-potable fresh water; g) in the field of wastewater treatment for the treatment of industrial and household wastewater to remove dissolved inorganic salts and to obtain purified water and dry inorganic salts; h) in the treatment of salt water and sea water to remove water-soluble minerals and to concentrate such removed water-soluble inorganic salts.