CH714352A1 - Machine for recycling tires. - Google Patents

Abstract

A tire recycling machine comprises a loading unit (UC) of an elongated tread (34) separated from a tire, and a treatment unit (UT) of the tread (34). The loading unit (UC) is adapted to receive a tread (34) in the longitudinal direction and comprises an automatic insertion unit (6) pressing on each side against each of the faces of a tread to drive it to the processing unit (UT). The processing unit (UT) comprises a frame (1) comprising a pretreatment zone (ZPRT), a treatment zone (ZT) and an aftertreatment zone (ZPST). The pretreatment zones (ZPRT) and posttreatment zones (ZPST) drive the tread (34). The treatment zone (ZT) comprises a treatment unit (BT1, BT2) comprising at least one nozzle (25) displaceable in three dimensions and optionally orientable, for directing a jet of water on the tread (34). The machine further comprises a pipe zone (36) having means for recovering the eroded material of a tread (34) and water sprayed from the nozzle (25). A control automaton (30) governs the parameters of the machine and in particular the jet power, the forward speed of the band and makes it possible to manage the variation of the thickness of the band by acting on the positioning of the treatment blocks . Detection cells (31) and a contact roller (24) are arranged to detect the presence of a tread (34) and its variations in width and thickness for engagement or triggering of the treatment unit (UT).

Description

Description: [0001] The present invention relates to a machine for recycling tires. In particular, the present invention relates to the recovery of rubber on a tread by water jet technology.

It is known from the state of the art of grinding machines with high pressure jet tires to produce rubber powders.

[0003] EP 2 328 732 discloses an installation for recycling tires using water jet technology, comprising a first workstation for selecting and loading a tire in a second workstation. The second workstation is adapted to disintegrate the tires loaded therein.

The object of the present invention is to provide a new machine for recovering rubber from a tread of tires by ultra-high pressure water jet technology having a very good production rate while maintaining a very high good quality rubber recovered regardless of the width, length and thickness of the tread. It is intended, in particular, to treat the tread of a tire previously cut into three parts, two sides and a tread cut lengthwise and transversely at its ends. Indeed, only the outer surface of the tread is treated by the present machine.

Indeed, it deals with the outer part of the band. After treatment of the strip, the result is a residue and a carcass composed of a metal sheet, a textile and rubber residue.

The tread thickness varies from one tire to another and may be between 4 and 90 millimeters while the width may be between 100 mm and 400 mm.

According to the invention, a machine for recycling tires of the type comprising a tread and sidewalls comprises a loading unit of an elongate tread and separated from a tire, and a treatment unit. an elongated tread separated from a tire. The loading unit comprises an elongated insertion support adapted to receive a tread in the longitudinal direction. The insertion support has two ends opposite in the length direction, the downstream end being adjacent to the processing unit. The loading unit further comprises positioning means for positioning a tread on the insertion support and an automatic introduction group consisting of a first upper block and a first lower block supporting on the other hand and against each of the faces of a tread to drive it towards the processing unit.

The processing unit comprises a frame comprising a pre-treatment zone, a treatment zone and an aftertreatment zone. The preprocessing and postprocessing zones comprise a second upper block and a second lower block pressing on each side against each of the faces of a tread recovered from the loading unit and / or the treatment zone for the 'drive towards the treatment area or an evacuation zone downstream of the treatment area. The treatment zone comprises a treatment block comprising at least one displaceable nozzle in three dimensions and optionally orientable, for directing a water jet on a recovered tread. The nozzle moves in the direction of travel of the tread, in a direction transverse to the displacement of the tread and in a direction perpendicular to the displacement of the tread.

The machine further comprises a pipe zone comprising means for recovering the eroded material from a tread and water sprayed from the nozzle.

A controller controls the parameters of the machine. Detection cells and a contact roller are arranged to detect the presence of a tread, and its variations in width and thickness for engagement or triggering of the processing unit. The control automaton notably manages the jet power, the forward speed of the band and makes it possible to manage the variation of the thickness of the band by acting on the positioning of the treatment blocks.

Unlike some machines of the state of the art, the machine of the present invention acts on a separate tread prior to the tire.

In one embodiment, each processing unit comprises a nozzle arranged to treat a specific width of a tread, or treatment blocks treating the total width of a tread. The treatment zone comprises a plurality of processing blocks that engage with the width of each tread.

In one embodiment, the channeling zone of the processing unit comprises a recovery tank covering the entire lower section of said processing unit. The recovery tank has floats for operating a pump arranged to discharge the eroded water-material mixture through an outlet fitting.

In one embodiment, the processing area of the processing unit comprises a rotary drum driving a tread arranged to pass under a contact roller of the treatment block to press against the rotating drum.

Preferably and for better support of the tread, a contact roll is arranged before and after the or each treatment block.

In one embodiment, the processing unit comprises, at the output of the rotary drum, a detachment means of a treated tread of the rotating drum, for example a comb.

To manage tread lengths greater than that of the support, the upstream end of the insertion support comprises an additional foldable element.

For maximum recovery of water that may flow from a sealed cabin, the loading unit has another recovery bin disposed under the loading unit.

In a preferred embodiment, the water jet pressure of the nozzles is between 1000 and 3000 bar and the dimensions of the recovered rubber powder is mainly less than 600 micrometers.

The characteristics of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the description of an embodiment given solely by way of example, in no way limiting with reference to the schematic figures, in which:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a machine according to the present invention; and

Fig. 2 is a side view of FIG. 1.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, a flat strip is conveyed through the machine by appropriate kinetic devices, in order to undo the band under the so-called hydro-demolition systems, using the kinetic energy of water jets under ultra high pressure, and to recover at the output, a treatment residue, ie a partially stripped band. The powder as for it is recovered, then discharged with the treatment water out of the machine, by pumping (not shown).

The ultra high pressure water used by the machine comes from an ultra high pressure hydraulic pump, adapted to the specific need for treatment with the machine. The machine is therefore connected to pressurized water distributors of the hydraulic pump.

In this example, the machine for recycling tires by recovering the rubber from the treads cut in powder form comprises a unit UC loading a tread of a tire, and a processing unit UT of a tread of a tire. The UC loading unit makes it possible to receive a tread 34 to be treated flat before it is introduced into the processing unit UT which recovers, in powder form, the rubber torn off from the outer surface of the tread 34 by erosion treatment.

The power of the machine and the adjustment of the operating parameters are managed through a screen of a digital control 30.

The UC loading unit allows the semi-automatic introduction of the tread 34 disposed flat in the longitudinal direction, for the conveyor in the UT processing unit. This loading can be automated by means of an additional automatic unit. The UC loading unit rests on a structure 32 on which is disposed a linear introduction table 2 with elongate rollers adapted to receive a tread in the longitudinal direction. The introduction table 2 has two ends opposite in the length direction, the downstream end being adjacent to the processing unit UT and the other end of the introduction table 2 having an additional element 3 folding to support the treads of a greater length than that of the introduction table 2. In this example, the additional element 3 is a flat folded sheet foldable to 90 ° which is positioned horizontally if necessary. The introduction table 2 consists of two parallel horizontal spars between which are fixed perpendicular first rollers 35. These first rollers 35, covering the total length of the input table 2, are arranged, in this example, at regular intervals and are free in rotation about a first axis perpendicular to the direction of travel of the tread 34. The width of the introduction table 2 is provided to receive all the widths of treads, for example treads. up to 40 cm wide.

Support rollers 4 are arranged along the introduction table 2, the left side relative to the direction of travel of the tread 34. The support rollers 4 serve as a stop for positioning in position. tread depth 34. Each support roller 4 consists of a second vertical fixed axis and a second free roller rotated about this second vertical axis. The support rollers 4 are distributed along the insertion table 2 to allow a good alignment of the band of the tread 34 so that it is perfectly parallel to the direction of introduction into the unit. UT treatment. The support rollers 4 are movable over the width of the introduction table 2 to allow the adjustment of a zero reference introduction of the edge of the tread 34 in the processing unit UT. To move the tread 34 to the processing unit UT, the loading unit UC comprises an automatic introduction group 6. The automatic insertion unit 6 comprises two independent aggregates of drive rollers 7, 8 allowing to move the tread 34 disposed flat on the input table 2, towards the processing unit UT.

Each drive roller 7, 8 is composed of a rotating horizontal axis, arranged perpendicularly to the insertion direction of the tread 34 in the processing unit UT, on which are fixed several drive wheels , in order to uniformly cover the width of the treads. Thus, the tread 34 is set in motion by the contact of the drive roller which is driven by the horizontal axis of said drive roller on which it is fixed. Each horizontal axis of a drive roller 7, 8 is installed on a vertical guide, actuated by a cylinder actuating, by a manual electrical control, the independent raising or lowering of each aggregate of drive rollers 7, 8.

Thus, it is possible to disengage the drive rollers 7, 8, so as to slide the tread 34 under the drive unit 6, 7, 8. Then the wheels are lowered and the pressure in the jack brings the driving wheels into contact with the top of the tread 34. The rotation of the wheels thus creates a linear movement of the tread, in combination with the support generated by the first rolls of the tread table. introduction 2.

Various fixed or movable guides, placed above the strip, covering the width thereof, are arranged between the drive aggregates and between the latter and the input of the processing unit. They stabilize horizontally and vertically the path of the band. In the same direction, before entry into the processing unit, are positioned upper and lower stabilization elements of the path of the band, mobile or fixed, covering the entire width of the band.

In our example, various guides covering the width of the tread are placed between the aggregates of drive rollers 7, 8. These guides stabilize horizontally and vertically the path of the band to the UT processing unit. To enhance the stability along the entire path, an introducer roll 9 is arranged before entering the processing unit UT.

Thus, each tread 34 is disposed on the loading unit, placing it flat on the linear feed table with rollers 2. Then, thanks to the manual electric control, the lifting of the aggregate first drive rollers 7 is actuated, creating a clearance under the first drive rollers 7, to be able to slip the tread 34. Once the tread 34 placed under the first drive rollers 7, the descent of the aggregate of first rollers 7 is actuated so as to press the tread 34 against the first rolls of the introduction table 2. The rotation of the aggregate of the first rollers 7 sets in motion the linear band direction of the UT processing unit.

The tread 34 moves at a given speed which can vary and passes under the aggregate of the second drive rollers 8, which operates on the same principle as the aggregate of the first drive rollers 7. L The aggregate of the second driving rollers 8 is also driven and thus reinforces the driving of the tread 34 to give it sufficient forward force.

The UC loading unit has its own recovery tank 5 placed under the introduction table 2 for recovering the water escaping from the treatment unit UT through the introduction opening located in the UT processing unit. This recovery tank 5 directs the water to a flow outlet connected to the treatment unit UT by a conduit, in which the recovered water is discharged.

Detection cells 31 detect the presence of the tread 34, for the engagement or tripping of the UT processing unit, and manage the variation of the width of the treads 34, by actuating the number of BT1, BT2 processing blocks required, two in this example. The detection cells 31 are also used to count the number of treads 34 introduced.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the processing unit UT comprises a frame 1 on which rests a watertight cabin 33 comprising a pretreatment zone ZPRT, a treatment zone ZT and a post-treatment zone ZPST.

Thus, all the kinetic linear drive mechanism of the tread and the treatment device thereof for obtaining the rubber powder is disposed inside the sealed cabin 33.

The sealed cabin 33 is equipped with two front doors (not shown for clarity) allowing internal access to the treatment area and two rear doors for access to the motorized drive mechanism. In its lower part, the sealed cabin 33 has a recovery tank 27, covering the entire lower section of said sealed cabin 33. The recovery tank 27 recovers the water-powder mixture generated by the disintegration treatment of the tread. The recovery tank 27 is equipped with an outlet connector 28, itself connected to an external pump (not shown), so as to evacuate the water-powder mixture from the treatment unit UT. The pump is operated by floats, managing the high, low and safety levels of the mixture in the recovery tank 27.

Inside the cabin 33, the kinetic mechanism allows the displacement of the tread in the UT processing unit. The speed of advance of the tread 34 is adjustable. The path traveled by the tread 34 describes a curve shaped donkey. Along the entire path, the tread 34 is circumscribed throughout its width in a space defined on the underside and the top thereof.

The kinetic mechanism of the processing unit UT consists, in its center, of a rotary drive drum 10 consisting of two wheels forming equidistant ray carriers. These are fixed on a central hub, itself integral with the horizontal shaft of radial drive of the rotary drum 10. The two spoke supports are spaced apart on the horizontal shaft of radial drive of the rotary drum 10.

The outer perimeter of the rotary drum 10 is composed of several annular sections, forming a circular annular ring at the section of said rotary drum 10. The width of the rotary drum 10 consists of a stack of intermediate rings, equidistant in this case. example, leaving a void between each of them. The number of intermediate rings makes it possible to cover the width of the treads 34 treated. The intermediate rings are fixed on the spoke supports by a fixing device located at the end of the branches of the rack of the two spoke supports. The profile of the perimeter of the two outer rings is circular, while that of the intermediate rings is profiled, in this example sawtooth, so as to create a grip of the tread 34.

In addition to ensuring the linear drive of the tread 34, the rotary drum 10 serves to support it when it passes under the BT1, BT2 treatment blocks. Indeed, the ultra-high pressure water used in the process for spraying the rubber of the tread 34 creates a force that pushes the tread 34 in the direction of the jets. The intermediate rings of the rotary drum 10 allow a support, which radially blocks the tread 34, ensuring a given distance under the processing blocks BT 1, BT2.

At the entrance of the sealed cabin 33, the processing unit UT comprises a first pretreatment zone ZPRT. In this preprocessing zone ZPRT, a pre-processing fixed lower guideway 11 is arranged so as to act as a lower support and guiding for the tread 34 during its introduction into the processing unit UT conveyed by the UC loading unit. The lower guide 11 is constituted by a plane covering the width of the treated treads 34, tangent to the path of the latter.

The lower guide 11 is followed by a pretreatment drive cylinder 12 arranged to linearly drive the tread 34 to push it towards and on the rotary drum 10. The pretreatment drive cylinder 12 is arranged horizontally and perpendicularly to the course of the passage of the tread 34. The pretreatment driving cylinder 12 is further composed of a splined cylinder with an axis of rotation, two bearings and a drive wheel attached to the tread. axis and placed in the rear area of the cabin 33.

The pretreatment drive roller 12 is combined with the upper pretreatment roller guide 13 for forcing in the upper part the advancement of the tread 34 along the path thereof, to the entrance of the rotary drum 10, and creates the contact of the tread 34 on the pretreatment drive roll 12 by pressing the tread 34 thereon, thereby inducing a pulling force.

The upper guide pretreatment roller 13 is composed of two side rails whose shape is specific to the path of the tread 34. Between these are arranged perpendicularly horizontal cylinders free in rotation, regularly spaced from each other and distributed over the entire length of the side rails in this example. The width of the upper pre-treatment roller guide 13 is given by the length of the rollers so as to cover the width of the treads 34 to be treated.

The upper roller guide 13 pivots on the top of the guide, drive drum side 10, upstream of the treatment zone ZI. The movement is created by the actuating cylinder of the upper guide 14 pretreatment roller and thus has a high position for the release of the upper guide roller 13 and a low position that corresponds to the working position.

The processing zone ZT of the machine comprises, in this example, two processing units BT 1, BT2. Each processing block BT1, BT2 comprises a movable support for holding the processing blocks 20. All the elements making up the treatment system are mounted on this support 20. It consists of a frame sliding horizontally on two lateral guides. These are fixed at the top of the treatment unit in the treatment booth, so that the support 20 is above the rotary drive drum 10. The horizontal clearance allows out of the treatment area all the treatment device, to allow easy access to the various aggregates constituting it.

On the mobile support 20 are arranged two processing units BT1, BT2 oriented to be radially aligned with the center of rotation of the rotary drum 10. In a non-illustrated embodiment, a single processing block could be arranged. Each of the processing blocks BT1, BT2 has a basic adjustment device for the height of the processing blocks 22 relative to the reference surface which is the external bearing surface of the rotary drive drum 10. The aggregate hydro-demolition 23 is fixed on the mobile support 20.

With a specific mechanism of linear displacement, by actuating the rotary wheel of the basic adjustment device of the height of the treatment blocks 22, turning in one direction or the other, the distance of the head of hydro demolition of the hydro-demolition aggregate with respect to the surface of the drum can be decreased or increased.

The hydro-demolition aggregate 23 consists of an electric motor which rotates, through a gearbox, the axis of rotation of the hydro-demolition head 25. rotational speed is adjustable, to be adapted to the chosen treatment. This gearbox allows rotation of the head, while making it possible to connect to a distribution under ultra-high pressure water, from the hydraulic pump. Then this water passes through the hydro-demolition aggregate 23, through the axis of rotation, to end in the hydro-demolition head 25.

The hydro-demolition head 25 is provided with specific nozzles of ultra high pressure water outlet, inducing for each of the nozzles, the formation of a jet of water with a very high kinetic energy . The jet strikes the surface of the tread 34 to be treated and, by erosion, pulls off the material in powder form.

Depending on the specific processing needs, the number of active nozzles may vary. They may be disposed anywhere on the surface of the hydro-demolition head 25. The direction of the jets may be perpendicular to the surface of the hydro-demolition head 25 to have an angular orientation. The shape and dimensions of the water outlet orifices of the nozzles are adapted according to the type of treatment.

The basic adjustment device of the height of the processing blocks 22 is fixed in turn, on a last element of the processing block BT1, BT2. This is the device for actuating the contact rollers of the treatment blocks 21. It is composed of a mechanism generating a linear movement and a compression system. This serves to create an adaptive support on the top of the tread with a predetermined prestressing, in order to keep the tread in contact with the rotary drive drum 10, through the contact roller 24. It adapts to the variation of the thickness of the treated strips.

This basic adjustment device of the height of the treatment blocks 22 also allows to act automatically or not on the position of the height of the hydro-demolition head 25, depending on the thickness of the strip treated, since it supports the basic adjustment device of the height 22 and the latter supports the hydrodemolition aggregate 23.

Indeed, in automatic mode, the actual positioning of the contact roller 24 measures the thickness of the strip and imposes on the actuating device of the contact rollers 21 a linear movement equivalent to the value of the measured thickness, in order to guarantee a constant positioning of the height of the head above the treated tread, equivalent to the basic adjustment of this height, fixed by the basic adjustment device of the height of the treatment blocks 22.

When the basic adjustment device of the height of the processing blocks 22 is not in automatic mode, the correction function is deactivated and the hydro-demolition head 25 remains fixed for all the thicknesses of the strip. bearing, the position corresponding to that of the basic setting.

The tread 34 therefore passes into the processing unit UT, pushed by the aggregates of rollers 7, 8. The tread 34 is guided in the pretreatment zone ZPRT, by the lower fixed entry guide 11 and by the upper roller guide 13. When the advance of the tread 34 is sufficient, it is supported by the pretreatment drive roller 12, which pushes the belt on the rotary drive drum 10. Once on the rotating drum 10, the tread 34 is driven by the rotating drum 10 and passes under the first contact roll 24 of the first processing block BT1, which plates the tape against the drum. Continuing its progress tread 34 passes under the second contact roller 24 of the second BT2 treatment unit to be eroded surface.

Then, in the ZPST aftertreatment zone, the kinetic chain continues at the output of the rotary drive drum 10 by an aftertreatment exit comb 15 allowing the clearance of the tread 34 of the rotary drum 10. The comb 15 consists of a stack of flat pieces whose shape is specific to the kinetic path, spaced to fit between all the intermediate rings of the rotary drum 10. In this way, the tread 34, when it abuts against the comb 15, is separated from the rotary drum 10. On the opposite side, the comb 15 is fixed on an axis thus allowing the adjustment by rotation of the height of said comb 15 by the pivoting of said comb 15 about this axis.

The post-treatment output comb 15 is followed by the post-processing drive cylinder 16 for linearly driving the tread 34, to pull it out of the rotary drum 10. The post-processing drive cylinder 16 consists of a stack of gear wheels, regularly spaced apart in this example, arranged on an axis of rotation, two bearings and a drive wheel fixed on the axis and placed in the rear area of the cabin 33. The driving cylinder 16 is disposed horizontally and perpendicularly to the tracing of the passage of the tread 34.

The driving cylinder 16 is combined with the upper post-processing roller guide 18 for forcing in the upper part the driving of the tread 34 along the path thereof, from the exit of the drum. rotary drive 10 to the output of the processing unit UT, and creates the contact of the tread 34 on the drive cylinder 16 by pressing against it, which induces a pulling force.

The upper post-processing roller guide 18 is composed of two side rails whose shape is specific to the path of the tread 34. Horizontal cylinders free in rotation, regularly spaced from each other in this example, and distributed over the entire length of the longitudinal members are arranged perpendicularly between said two side rails. The width of the post-processing upper roller guide 18 is given by the length of the rollers, so as to cover the width of the treads 34 to be treated.

The upper roller guide 18 pivots on the top of the rotary drive drum side guide 10. The movement of the upper roller guide 18 is created by the actuating cylinder of the upper post-processing roller guide 19 and thus has a high position for the release of the upper roller guide 18 and a lower position which corresponds to the working position.

For the lower pipe of the tread 34 from the post-processing drive cylinder 16 to the exit of the sealed cabin 33, the tread 34 passes on the fixed post-treatment output guide 17. allowing the lower support and guiding of the tread 34 on the exit path of the tread 34. The fixed post-treatment output guide 17 is constituted by a plane covering the maximum width of the treated strips, tangent to the tracking of these. The post-treatment fixed output guide 17 is inclined with a downward slope in the direction of the rotary drum 10. This inclination directs the flow of the residual water still on the band towards the inside of the sealed cabin 33.

The output of the sealed cabin 33 is equipped with a discharge system 26 which allows to drive the treated tread out of the cabin 33 of the UT processing unit. The treated tread 34 is evacuated automatically by an evacuation system 26 and tilts, by gravity, for example in a recovery tank (not shown) or a treadmill (not shown).

This exhaust system 26 consists of a drive cylinder consisting of a stack of gear wheels, regularly spaced apart, in this example, arranged on an axis of rotation, two bearings and a drive system for rotating the axis. The drive roll is disposed horizontally and perpendicular to the tread path 34. The width of the drive roll is adapted to cover the width of the tread 34 treated. Various linear and transverse roller guides in the upper part allow driving and pressing the tread against the drive cylinder.

The machine further comprises an electrical panel 29 comprising all the electrical components and a digital control with control screen 30 for fully automatic operation of the machine. The ultra-high pressure hydraulic pump is also controlled by the numerical control. The numerical control integrates all the variable parameters of adjustment and all the necessary securities.

Thus, the tread 34 treated is taken to the outside of the sealed cabin 33 by the evacuation group, which allows to extract the tread 34 of the sealed cabin 33, to extract it by gravity on an evacuation device.

The treatment cycle is continuous and the treads 34 can be loaded one behind the other. The machine is intended for the recovery of the rubber of the treads to obtain a product, in the form of powder, which can be reused as a raw material in the development of various articles.

The ultra high pressure water used by the machine comes from a standard ultra high pressure hydraulic pump of the trade, provided with all the equipment necessary for its operation, adapted to the specific need for treatment with the machine. This is connected to the pressurized water distributors of the pump.

In the example shown, the hydro-demolition system is integrated in a machine treating a tread of a tire after it has been previously cut into three parts, two sides and a tread. , cut transversely. In another embodiment not illustrated, the hydro-demolition system, or treatment zone ZT, can be integrated in another machine treating for example a complete tire without it has been previously cut into three parts.

LEGEND

1 Machine frame 2 Linear roller introduction table 3 Folding support element 4 Support rollers 5 Recovery tray 6 Automatic feed unit 7 First aggregate of drive rollers 8 Second aggregate of rollers 9 Introduction roller 10 Rotary drive drum 11 Fixed infeed front guide 12 Pretreatment drive roller 13 Pretreat roller upper guide 14 Actuator roller of the upper roller guide Pretreatment 15 Lower post roller -processing 16 Postprocessing Drive Cylinder 17 Posttreatment Fixed Lower Guide 18 Posttreatment Roller Upper Guide 19 Posttreatment Roller Upper Guide Actuation Cylinder 20 Mobile Process Block Holder 21 Device for actuating the contact rollers of the processing blocks 22 B adjusting device ase of the height of the treatment blocks 23 Hydro-demolition unit 24 Contact roller 25 Hydro-demolition head 26 Evacuation group 27 Recovery tank 28 Exit connection 29 Electrical panel 30 Control panel 31 Detection cells 32 Load unit structure 33 Sealed cab 34 Tread 35 First rollers 36 Piping area

Claims (11)

claims A machine for recycling tires of the type comprising a tread and sidewalls, the machine comprising: - a loading unit (UC) of an elongate tread (34) separated from a tire, and a treatment unit (UT) of an elongate tread (34) separated from a tire, said loading unit (UC) comprising an elongated insertion support (2) capable of receiving a tread (34) in the longitudinal direction, the insertion support (2) having two opposite ends in the longitudinal direction, the downstream end being adjacent to the processing unit (UT), the loading unit (UC) further comprising positioning means (4) for positioning a tread (34) on the insertion support (2) and an automatic insertion unit (6) consisting of a first upper block and a a first lower block pressing on each side against each of the these of a tread to drive it towards the processing unit (UT), - the processing unit (UT) comprising a frame (1) comprising a preprocessing zone (ZPRT), a zone of treatment (ZT) and an aftertreatment zone (ZPST), the preprocessing zones (ZPRT) and posttreatment zones (ZPST) comprising a second upper block and a second lower block pressing on each side against each of the faces of a band wheel (34) recovered from the loading unit (UT) and / or the treatment zone (ZT) to drive it towards the treatment zone (ZT) or a downstream evacuation zone of the treatment zone (ZT), said treatment zone (ZT) comprising a treatment block (BT 1, BT 2) comprising at least one nozzle (25) displaceable in three dimensions and optionally orientable, for directing a jet of water on a tread (34) recovered, the machine further comprising: - A channel zone isation (36) comprising means for recovering the eroded material of a tread (34) and water sprayed from the nozzle (25), - a control automaton (30) governing the parameters of the machine, in particular the jet power, the speed of advancement of the strip and making it possible to manage the variation of the thickness of the strip by acting on the positioning of the processing blocks (BT 1, BT 2), and - detection cells (31 ) and a contact roller (24) arranged to detect the presence of a tread (34) and its variations in width and thickness for engagement or triggering of the processing unit (UT). 2. Machine according to claim 1, wherein each processing block (BT 1, BT2) comprises a nozzle (25) arranged to treat a specific width of a tread. 3. Machine according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the channeling zone (36) of the processing unit (UT) comprises a recovery tank (27). 4. Machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the treatment zone (ZT) of the processing unit (UT) comprises a rotary drum (10) driving a tread (34) arranged to pass under a roller contact (24) of the treatment block (BT1, BT2) for pressing against the rotating drum (10). 5. Machine according to claim 4, wherein the rotary drum (10) comprises two flanges with equal radius, fixed on a central hub integral with a horizontal drive shaft of said rotary drum (10), the two flanges are separated by a distance so as to receive, between them the entire width of a tread (34), and a stack of intermediate rings or transverse bars disposed below the flanges to support a tread (34). 6. Machine according to one of claims 4 or 5, wherein the contact roller (24) is arranged before and after the or each treatment block (BT1, BT2). 7. Machine according to claims 4, 5 or 6, comprising, at the output of the rotary drum (10), a detachment means, for example a comb, a tread (34) treated rotary drum (10). . 8. Machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the upstream end of the insertion support (2) comprises an additional foldable element (3) for supporting the treads (34) of greater length than the of the support (2). 9. Machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the loading unit (UC) has its own recovery tank (5) disposed under the loading unit. 10. Machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pressure of the water jets of the nozzles (25) is between 1000 and 3000 bar and the size of the recovered rubber powder is mainly less than 600 micrometers. 11. Machine according to one of the preceding claims, operable in an automatic mode or a non-automatic mode: - In the automatic mode, the machine measures the thickness of the tread (34) and imposes on the actuating device contact rollers (21) a linear movement equivalent to the value of the measured thickness, in order to guarantee a constant positioning of the height of the head above the treated tread, equivalent to the basic adjustment of this height, fixed by the basic adjustment device of the height of the treatment blocks (22), and - In the non-automatic mode, the hydro-demolition head (25) remains fixed for all the tread thicknesses (34) .