CH711551B1 - Watchdog pendulum inertia micro-adjustment. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a balancing washer (1), arranged to hold it on a rod, in relief (3) or smooth, which comprises a balance or a counterweight (4) attached to a balance. This washer (1) is a substantially annular elastic washer around an orifice (10) arranged to at least partially surround the rod, and comprises at least one elastic skirt arranged to allow an introduction or an extraction of said washer (1) by relative to said rod under the action of a radial and / or axial force, and to ensure a clip-on retention on said rod in the absence of force on said washer (1), and said washer (1) comprises means gripping and / or angular indexing (6) on a edge (7) device that includes this washer (1). The invention also relates to a balance comprising such a washer, and a timepiece comprising such a balance.

Description

Description Field of the invention The invention relates to a balancing washer, arranged to hold it on a rod, in relief or smooth, which comprises a timepiece balance or a counterweight attached to such a balance.

The invention also relates to a timepiece balance comprising, integral with its serge or a counterweight attached to its said serge, at least one rod extending along a rod axis and capable of carrying such a washer.

The invention relates to a timepiece comprising at least one such pendulum.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The balancing and inertia settings of a clockwork pendulum condition the frequency of oscillation and the regularity of walking.

Traditionally, these adjustments are made by moving weights, screws, nuts, or by deformation of the balance arm. There are also known additions of material by inkjet printer, or, conversely, ablation of material by laser, or displacements of material, as in applications EP 11 739 016.1 and EP 14 173 409.5 of same depositor. Also known are embodiments in silicon or the like, with or without insert, as in documents EP 10 170 007.8 and EP 11 731 310.6 from the company NIVAROX-FAR.

The difficulty is twofold: reaching the right value, as a function of the balance spring with which the balance wheel is associated, and the finesse of the adjustment. It is estimated that, in the best of cases, an adjustment of weights makes it possible to adjust the gait with an accuracy of a few tens of seconds per day, or at best of a few seconds per day per turn of screw / nut for two sets screw / nut traditional. Therefore adjustment to the second / day remains very delicate, because it represents only a few degrees, even tenths of a degree, on a screw / nut assembly.

Claims (24)

Summary of the invention [0007] To refine the adjustment possibilities, the invention uses a principle with added washers. These added washers are produced, in a particular way, much lighter than the known screws, and therefore have a limited influence on the inertia and therefore on the variation of travel. It is then possible to have an adjustment system of the order of a few tenths of a second / day per round of washer for two washers for example. Thus, the invention relates to a washer according to claim 1. The invention also relates to a timepiece balance according to claim 15. The invention also relates to a timepiece comprising at least one such pendulum. Brief description of the drawings [0011] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, with reference to the accompanying drawings, where: fig. 1 and 2 show, schematically and in plan and side view, a micro-adjustment washer according to a particular embodiment of the invention, where this washer is planar in the free state; fig. 3 shows, schematically, in perspective and exploded, a raised rod and the washer of FIG. 1 before mounting on this relief rod; fig. 4 represents, similarly to FIG. 3, the washer mounted in the constrained and warped position on the raised rod; fig. 5 represents, similarly to FIG. 4, the sub-assembly consisting of the washer mounted on the raised rod, itself screwed into a thread of the pendulum twill; fig. 6 and 7 show, diagrammatically and in plan view and in section passing through its pivot axis, such a pendulum equipped with four such sub-assemblies embossed rod / washer; fig. 8 to 10 represent, analogously to FIG. 5, different relative positions of the balancing weight and the washer according to the invention with respect to the balance stick: • fig. 8: the washer is trapped between the serge and the flyweight; • fig. 9: the washer and the flyweight are each on a section of rod in relief, on either side serge; CH 711 551 B1 • fig. 10: the flyweight is trapped between the serge and the washer; fig. 11 shows, schematically, a watch comprising a pendulum fitted with embossed rod / washer sub-assemblies according to the invention; fig. 12 to 18 represent some examples of washers according to the invention, in plan or in perspective in the case of FIGS. 16 and 18: • fig. 12 split ring with straight slot, with operating slot; • fig. 13 split ring with flared slot, with operating notch; • fig. 14: in daisy with three hollow branches; • fig. 15: in a snail; • fig. 16: in snail and in propeller section; • fig. 17: in daisy with five split branches; • fig. 18: in conical daisy with five split branches; fig. 19 shows, schematically, and in longitudinal section, a theoretical example of a relief rod with alternating hollow profiles and vertices of any shape, between which two washers are pinched according to the invention; fig. 20 represents a variant of a pendulum equipped with a smooth rod onto which a washer according to the invention is pinched; fig. 21 represents another variant of a pendulum equipped with a so-called smooth rod comprising three smooth bearings of different diameters, each corresponding to a correction range, on one of which a washer according to the invention is pinched; fig. 22 represents yet another variant of a balance equipped with a so-called smooth rod comprising three substantially parallel conical bearings and staggered between different diameters, each corresponding to a correction range, on one of which is a pinched washer according to the invention ; fig. 23 represents a variant of a pendulum equipped with a ringed rod on which a washer according to the invention is pinched. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The invention relates to a balancing washer 1, arranged to hold it on a rod 3 or 30, which comprises a clockwork balance 2 or a counterweight 4 attached to such a balance 2 . This rod can be of different types: FIGS. 1 to 19 and 23 relate to a relief rod 3, while FIGS. 20 to 22 illustrate a smooth rod 30, which will be explained later. By “raised rod” here is meant a substantially linear rod, which extends along a rod axis A, and comprises a succession of hollow profiles 31 separated by vertices 32. It can be a threaded rod, a corrugated rod, or have a more arbitrary profile as in fig. 19. According to the invention, the washer 1 is a substantially annular elastic washer, around an orifice 10 arranged to at least partially surround such a relief rod 3, and comprises at least one elastic skirt 11, which is arranged for authorize an introduction or an extraction of this washer 1 relative to a corresponding relief rod 3 under the action of a radial and / or axial force, and to ensure a clip-on retention on this relief rod 3 in the absence of 'effort on the washer 1. And this washer 1 comprises a gripping and / or angular indexing means 6, star, notch, tenon, or the like, located on a peripheral edge 7 that this washer 1 comprises, so as to allow adjustment by manual or robotic tool. The washer 1 is substantially annular around the orifice 10 around a washer axis D. The elastic skirt 11 preferably provides this clip-on support with a pinching torque which is greater than a predetermined threshold value VSC. In a simple and economical execution, suitable for manufacturing in micro-machining type "Liga" (from German: Lithography, Galvanoformung, Abformung) or "MEMS" (from English: micro-electro- mechanical-system), the washer 1 is substantially planar. CH 711 551 B1 In the illustrated non-limiting embodiments, the washer 1 has at least one opening 5 which is substantially radial with respect to the washer axis D, and delimited by a first lip 51 and a second lip 52 The spacing in the free state between these two lips 51 and 52 is less than the smallest radial dimension of the raised rod 3 with which the washer 1 is arranged to cooperate. At least one of the first lip 51 and second lip 52 is an elastic lip. The opening 5 is arranged to allow said radial introduction or extraction, relative to said rod axis A, under the action of a radial force relative to the rod axis A, of the washer 1 relative to this relief rod 3. A radial introduction is advantageous when, in a configuration according to FIG. 5, the pendulum 2 is already equipped with a counterweight 4, either fixed on a raised rod 3, or comprising a raised rod 3 and fixed on the clamp 20 of the balance, or on one of its arms, and it is desired to insert the micro-adjustment washer 1 between the counterweight 4 and the balance 2, without modifying the position of the counterweight 4. An axial insertion allows a simple assembly sequence, illustrated in figs. 3 to 5: firstly a relief rod 3 (here comprising, without limitation, a counterweight 4) with a washer 1, and this sub-assembly is assembled with the balance. The simplicity of insertion of such a radially split washer allows great flexibility of use. In particular, it is possible to equip the same raised rod 3 with a plurality of washers 1. Figs. 1 to 13 illustrate a single radial slot, which can be delimited by parallel faces as visible in FIGS. 1 and 12, or by lateral surfaces defining a hard point as in fig. 13. These figures are not limiting, a wide variety of shapes being usable for such washers. [0024] FIG. 15 shows another example with a flat snail washer, which has a point threshold in the free state. [0025] FIG. 16 is a version of a snail washer, similar to a portion of a propeller, which can develop over more than one full turn as in the example in the figure. The washer 1 has at least one elastic open coil 8 winding around the axis of the washer D, and it is arranged to allow an axial introduction or extraction, relative to the rod axis A, under the action of an axial force with respect to this axis of rod A, of the washer 1 with respect to the rod in relief 3. More particularly, at least one such open turn 8 comprises a turn opening 58, substantially radial with respect to the washer axis D and delimited by a first coil lip 581 and a second coil lip 582 of spacing in the free state less than the smallest radial dimension of the raised rod 3. At least one of these first lip 581 and second lip 582 is an elastic lip, thus this turn opening 58 is arranged to allow a radial introduction or extraction, relative to the rod axis A, of the washer 1 relative to the embossed rod 3, under the action of a radial force with respect to the axis of rod A. Figs. 14 and 17 illustrate other captive variants, that is to say that their radial extraction is impossible, where the washer 1 is substantially planar, and where its skirt 11 has a plurality of slots 9 substantially radial relative to the washer axis D. These slots 9 are preferably each of width much less than the smallest radial dimension of the raised rod 3, so as to oppose any radial introduction of the washer 1 relative to the axis of rod A under the action of a radial force with respect to this axis of rod A. This plurality of slots 9 is then arranged to allow a substantially conical elastic deformation of the skirt 11 under the action of an axial force with respect to to the rod axis A, to allow an axial introduction or extraction, relative to the rod axis A, of the washer 1 relative to the relief rod 3 concerned. [0027] FIG. 18 is a variant, umbrella type, of the variant of FIG. 17. Its skirt 11 is substantially of symmetry of revolution relative to the axis of the washer D, and comprises a plurality of slots 9 substantially radial with respect to the axis of the washer D, and each of width much less than the smallest radial dimension of the raised rod 3, so as to oppose any radial introduction or extraction of the washer 1 relative to the rod axis A under the action of a radial or axial force relative to this axis of rod A. The plurality of slots 9 is arranged to allow a conical elastic deformation of the skirt 11 under the action of an axial force relative to the axis of rod A, to allow an axial insertion or extraction, by relative to this axis of rod A, of the washer 1 relative to the rod in relief 3. In a particular variant not shown, the washer 1 is designed to cooperate with a threaded relief rod 3, and has a substantially helical profile in the same direction as said threaded relief rod 3, with a pitch different from that of the rod with 3 threaded relief concerned, and between 0.80 and 1.20 times the pitch value of this rod with 3 threaded relief, and preferably between 0.80 and 0.90 times, or between 1.10 and 1.20 times this value. Advantageously, the axial orifice 10 is delimited laterally by at least two opposite surfaces 12,13,14, which, when the washer 1 is intended to cooperate with a threaded relief rod 3, define, in each plane passing through the washer axis D, a profile substantially complementary to that of this threaded relief rod 3, for example an involute profile, or frustoconical, or the like. In a particular case, the axial hole 10 is a bore centered on the washer axis D and is delimited radially by such opposite surfaces 12, 13, 14, which are perpendicular to the radial direction of the axis washer D, and which are preferably distributed uniformly around the circumference of the orifice 10. In another particular variant at least one of these opposite surfaces 12, 13, 14 is arranged to exert friction on the raised rod 3, by a surface condition greater than 12 micrometers Ra, and / or by a treatment of surface CH 711 551 B1 particular, in particular in a particular case a friction coating with a coefficient of friction with steel greater than 0.4. It is understood that the invention is designed to refine the conventional inertia adjustment made by means of weights 4, and that the washers 1 according to the invention have the function of constituting values somehow decimal of the values of inertia determined by the positioning of the flyweights. In a particular example, a washer 1, as shown in FIG. 1, with an overall diameter of 0.60 mm and an orifice diameter of the order of 0.3 mm, a thickness of 0.05 mm, a mass of approximately 50 pg, produced in “Liganickel”, allows a setting of 0.9 seconds per revolution of the washer, for a balance 2 of high inertia (approximately 20 mg * cm ² ), which makes the washer 1, easily adjustable to the sixth of a revolution, a system approximately thirty times more sensitive adjustment screws. The choice of this material allows it to tolerate, for the geometry of FIG. 1, a diametrical expansion at least equal to its thickness, and which can reach one and a half times its thickness, and which can in particular reach approximately 15% of the value of the internal diameter. The invention therefore allows an adjustment that is both fine, precise, with a single washer 1 that can be easily moved, both in translation and in rotation, on the relief rod 3, especially when the latter is a threaded rod. The user can nevertheless juxtapose several washers 1 on the same raised rod 3. In a particular variant, he can also put them in contact and drive them with each other, thus producing a washer made up of mass superior. For this purpose, and in a variant, the washer 1 comprises, on at least one lateral surface substantially orthogonal to the radial direction of the washer axis D, at least one drive means or a notch arranged to cooperate with a means complementary drive or a complementary notching, which comprises another adjacent washer 1, for a pivoting stop relative to the latter. In a particular variant, the orifice 10 of the washer 1 is notched, or is grooved, or has a surface condition greater than 12 micrometers Ra, or has a friction coating with a coefficient of friction with the steel greater than 0.4. In a particular variant, the washer 1 has a mass of less than 50 pg. In combination with a linear stroke of a few tenths of a millimeter on the relief rod 3, this value proves to be sufficient for a fine adjustment of the inertia. When the relief rod 3 is a threaded rod, in a preferred case illustrated by the figures, the peripheral profile 6, in a star or similar, provides great sensitivity and allows true micro-adjustment, since it is thus possible to descend well in - below the objective of the second per day for regulating walking, with an adjustment step of 0.1 to 0.2 seconds per day approximately. In a particular variant, the washer 1 has its own inertia with respect to the axis of the washer D of less than 2.5 pg * mm ² . Advantageously, the washer 1, which is of very small dimensions and must have good elastic properties at the same time as good resistance over time, is made of micro-machinable material or of silicon or silicon oxide or DLC. The invention also relates to a timepiece balance 2 comprising, integral with its serge 20 or a flyweight 4 attached to its serge 20, at least one relief rod 3 extending along a rod axis A. More particularly, this relief rod 3 is threaded or corrugated or comprises a succession of hollow profiles 31 separated by vertices 32, and extends diametrically between, on the one hand a minimum core diameter DMIN, and on the other hand a diameter maximum DMAX of top of profile. According to one embodiment of the invention, on this balance 2, at least two raised rods 3 are each arranged to receive at least one such washer 1, adapted to its profile and its minimum core diameter DMIN and maximum diameter DMAX of profile apex. In a particular variant, at least one relief rod 3 is a helical screw. In a particular variant, at least one raised rod 3 is a ringed shaft, as visible in FIG. 23. The relief rods 3, mounted radially with respect to the pendulum axis, have a double advantage: - The rapid passage of a washer 1, playing only on its elasticity, and without making it rotate relative to its axis D, makes it possible to quickly obtain a half-end adjustment of the step, of the order of a second per day or a few seconds per day depending on the arrangement of the relief rod 3, and - the fine adjustment, of the order of a tenth of a second per day, is possible by rotation of the washer around its axis D which is then substantially coincident with the axis A of the rod 3. Of course, other arrangements than a radial arrangement are achievable, for example tangential, but are then rather usable for a displacement of the center of inertia of the equipped balance. The pinching characteristics of the elastic washers 1 according to the invention also make them usable for other types of rods, in particular rods having smooth bearings, which will be called here smooth rods 30. The pinching torque of the washers 1 allows their maintenance on smooth surfaces, this maintenance can be improved by a surface treatment of the interior of the washer 1, at the orifice 10, in particular a bore, and bearing surfaces 12, 13, 14, or the like. Such a treatment is then chosen for its friction properties, and the creation of an effort CH 711 551 B1 resistant in particular opposing centrifugal force when the pendulum swings. The corresponding smooth rod 30 can advantageously receive a similar treatment. [0047] FIG. 20 shows a variant of a balance equipped with a smooth cylindrical rod 30, on which is pinched, by at least two surfaces 12, 13, a washer 1 according to the invention. [0048] FIG. 21 represents another variant of a balance equipped, along a radial of the balance, with a smooth rod 30 comprising three smooth bearings 33, 34, 35, coaxial, of different diameters, D3, D4, D5, and each corresponding to a range of correction, P1, P2, P3, and on one of which is pinched a washer 1 according to the invention, of adequate expansion capacity. Each correction range P1, P2, P3, corresponds to a known range of adjustment for walking, for example two seconds per day, and the operator performing the adjustment can quickly and easily switch from one range to another to perform semi-fine adjustment. Similarly, FIG. 22 represents yet another variant of a balance equipped, along a radial of the balance, with a smooth rod 30 comprising three conical bearing surfaces 36, 37, 38, coaxial, substantially parallel and extending between different diameters D6, D7, D8, each corresponding to a correction range, on one of which is pinched a washer 1 according to the invention, which is then chosen for its expansion capacity, to pinch indifferently each of the bearing surfaces, with a sufficient pinching torque. The conical shape has the advantage of opposing the loss of the washer 1, once it is pinched on one of the staves. The invention is designed for extremely fine adjustment of the step, and therefore the washers 1 are necessarily dimensioned with very low inertia and a small size. It can however be noted that their construction principle can also be used for macro-inertia adjustments, and that such washers can then be fixed on an arm, or even on the clamp, of the balance wheel. It is understood that there are few limitations to the shapes that the washer 1 can take, for example a simple U in elastic wire or in liga, or the like, can be used in all the applications described above. The principle of such elastic washers is very advantageous, because it combines small dimensions, good support, and ease of adjustment. Another example of application is the use of a washer 1 inserted by force into a groove or into a groove. The invention also relates to a timepiece 100, comprising at least one such pendulum 2. In summary, the invention makes it possible, inexpensively, and using existing pendulums and weights, to carry out micro-adjustments of speed with precision and speed. The invention also makes it possible to intervene easily during the step of fitting a movement, which chronically alters the adjustment of the gait: the operator can access from above or from below, and easily carry out the adjustment. by manipulating the gripping and / or angular indexing means 6, located on a peripheral edge 7 of the washer, with great precision in terms of the adjustment of the step. Claims 1. Balancing washer (1), arranged to hold it, around a rod axis (A), on a rod (3, 30), in relief (3) or smooth (30), which comprises a pendulum (2) clockwork or a counterweight (4) attached to such a pendulum (2), characterized in that said washer (1) is substantially annular around an orifice (10) defining a washer axis (D) and arranged to at least partially surround a said rod (3, 30), and comprises at least one elastic skirt (11) arranged to allow an introduction or an extraction of said washer (1) relative to a said rod (3, 30) under the action of a radial and / or axial force, and to ensure a clip-on retention on a said rod (3.30) in the absence of force on said washer (1), and in that said washer ( 1) comprises a gripping and / or angular indexing means (6) on a peripheral edge (7) that this washer (1) comprises. 2. Balancing washer (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said washer (1) is substantially planar and comprises at least one opening (5) substantially radial relative to said washer axis (D) and delimited by a first lip (51) and a second lip (52) of spacing in the free state less than the smallest radial dimension of said rod (3, 30), at least one of said first lip (51) and second lip (52) being an elastic lip, said opening (5) being arranged to allow said radial introduction or extraction, relative to said rod axis (A), under the action of a radial force, relative to said rod axis ( A), of said washer (1) on, or respectively of, a said rod (3, 30). 3. Balancing washer (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said washer (1) is substantially planar and in that its said skirt (11) comprises a plurality of slots (9) substantially radial relative to said axis washer (D) and each of width less than the smallest radial dimension of said raised rod. 4. Balancing washer (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said washer (1) is made of micro-machinable material or silicon or silicon oxide or DLC. CH 711 551 B1 5. Balancing washer (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said washer (1) comprises at least one open turn (8) elastic winding around said washer axis (D) and arranged to allow said axial introduction or extraction. 6. Balancing washer (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that said at least one open turn (8) has a turn opening (58) substantially radial relative to said washer axis (D) and delimited by a first coil lip (581) and a second coil lip (582) of spacing in the free state less than the smallest radial dimension of said rod (3, 30), at least one of said first coil lip (581) and a second coil lip (582) being an elastic lip, said coil opening (58) being arranged to allow a radial introduction or extraction, relative to said rod axis (A), under the action of 'a radial force with respect to said rod axis (A), of said washer (1) on, or respectively of, a said rod (3, 30). 7. Balancing washer (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said skirt (11) is substantially of symmetry of revolution relative to said washer axis (D) and comprises a plurality of slots (9) substantially radial by relative to said washer axis (D) and each of width less than the smallest radial dimension of said rod (3, 30) so as to oppose any radial introduction or extraction of said washer (1) relative to said axis of rod (A) under the action of a radial or axial force with respect to said rod axis (A), said plurality of slots (9) being arranged to allow a conical elastic deformation of said skirt (11) under action of an axial force relative to said rod axis (A), to allow said axial introduction or extraction, relative to said rod axis (A), of said washer (1) on, or respectively from, a said rod (3 , 30). 8. Balancing washer (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said axial orifice (10) is a bore centered on said washer axis (D) and is delimited radially by at least two surfaces opposites (12; 13; 14) which are perpendicular to the radial direction of said washer axis (D). 9. Balancing washer (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one of said opposite surfaces (12; 13; 14) is arranged to exert friction on said rod (3, 30), by a surface condition greater than 12 micrometers Ra or by surface treatment. 10. Balancing washer (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said washer (1) comprises, on at least one lateral surface substantially orthogonal to the radial direction of said washer axis (D), at least one drive means or a notch arranged to cooperate with a complementary drive means or a complementary notch that has another washer (1) adjacent, for a pivoting stop relative to the latter. 11. balancing washer (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said orifice (10) that comprises said washer (1) to surround a said rod (3, 30), is notched, or is grooved, or has a surface finish greater than 12 micrometers Ra, or has a friction coating with a coefficient of friction with steel greater than 0.4. 12. Balancing washer (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that said washer (1) has a mass less than 50 pg. 13. Balancing washer (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that said washer (1) has its own inertia with respect to said washer axis (D) of less than 2.5 pg * mm ² . 14. Clock pendulum (2) comprising, integral with its serge (20) or a flyweight (4) attached to its said serge (20), at least one rod (3, 30) extending along an axis rod (A), characterized in that at least two said rods (3, 30) are each arranged to receive at least one said washer (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, adapted to its profile and to its dimensions. 15. Clock balance (2) according to claim 14, characterized in that it comprises, integral with its serge (20) or a flyweight (4) attached to its said serge (20), at least one rod with relief (3) extending along a rod axis (A) and threaded or ringed or comprising a succession of hollow profiles (31) separated by vertices (32), and extending diametrically between, on the one hand a diameter minimum (DMIN) of the core, and on the other hand a maximum diameter (DMAX) of the profile apex, characterized in that at least two raised rods (3) are each arranged to receive at least one said washer (1) , adapted to its profile and to its said minimum diameter (DMIN) of core and maximum diameter (DMAX) of profile top. 16. Pendulum (2) according to claim 15, characterized in that at least one said relief rod (3) is a helical screw. 17. Pendulum (2) according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that at least one said relief rod (3) is a ringed tree. 18. balance (2) according to claim 16, characterized in that a said balancing washer (1) is provided to cooperate with a said threaded relief rod (3) and has a substantially helical profile in the same direction as said threaded relief rod (3), with a pitch different from that of said threaded relief rod (3) and comprised between 0.80 and 1.20 times the pitch value of said threaded relief rod (3). 19. Balance (2) according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that said axial orifice (10) that a said balancing washer (1) provided to cooperate with a said threaded relief rod (3) is delimited laterally by two surfaces CH 711 551 B1 opposite (13; 14) which define in each plane passing through said washer axis (D) a profile substantially complementary to that of said threaded relief rod (3). 20. Clock pendulum (2) according to one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that it comprises, integral with its serge (20) or with a flyweight (4) attached to its said serge (20), at least one smooth rod (30) which comprises at least one smooth surface (33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38) arranged to receive at least one said washer (1), adapted to its profile and to its dimensions. 21. Clock balance (2) according to one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that it comprises, integral with its serge (20) or with a flyweight (4) attached to its said serge (20), at least one smooth rod (30) which comprises at least a plurality of smooth bearings (33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38) staggered in diameters and all arranged to receive at least one and the same said washer (1). 22. Clock pendulum (2) according to one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that it comprises, integral with its serge (20) or with a flyweight (4) attached to its said serge (20), at least one smooth rod (30) which comprises at least a plurality of smooth bearings (33, 34, 35) which are cylindrical and coaxial and each arranged to receive, as a balancing washer, at least one said washer (1 ). 23. Clock balance (2) according to one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that it comprises, integral with its serge (20) or with a flyweight (4) attached to its said serge (20), at least one smooth rod (30) which comprises at least a plurality of smooth bearings (36, 37, 38) which are conical and coaxial and each arranged to receive, as a balancing washer, at least one said washer (1 ). 24. Timepiece (100) comprising at least one balance (2) according to one of claims 15 to 23. CH 711 551 B1 CH 711 551 B1 CH 711 551 B1 CH 711 551 B1