CH706582A1 - Solar panel for solar system, has fold line that is provided between primary and secondary solar cells - Google Patents

Abstract

The solar panel (11) has an encapsulation layer (27), in which the primary and secondary solar cells (23,25) are embedded. A flexible sheath (29) is provided to surround the photovoltaic cells and encapsulation layer. A fold line (17) is provided between the primary and secondary solar cells. The envelope is flexible in the region of the fold line. An independent claim is included for solar system.

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a solar panel according to the preamble of claim 1 and a solar system according to the preamble of claim 19th

State of the art

Solar systems are known from the prior art, for example, WO 2010/006 460, in which solar panels are pivotally mounted on stretched between two support struts ropes. Such solar systems have the disadvantage that the commercially available solar panels used have a high weight of 16 kg / m 2 and more. The support structure must therefore be made stably to hold commercial solar panels. Accordingly expensive is such a stable solar system.

Object of the invention

Object of the present invention is therefore to propose a solar panel, which has a low weight and yet is sufficiently stable to withstand a variety of weather conditions.

description

According to the invention the object is achieved in a solar panel according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that the solar panel comprises a transparent on the front cover, which covers the photovoltaic cells and the encapsulation layer and that between the at least first and second photovoltaic cell Folding line is provided, wherein the envelope is flexible at least in the region of the fold line. The cover has a low weight and protects the solar panel from external influences. Since even with an arrangement of several solar panels according to the invention to a solar system only a small total weight of the solar panels is present, the solar system can be dimensioned for a lower solar panel weight and is therefore less expensive to manufacture. Since the solar panel has a fold line along which it is foldable, it can be folded together so that the front sides lie on top of each other and are protected if necessary from the weather. Because of this protection option, protective, but heavy materials, such as glass, can be dispensed with in the solar panel according to the invention. Preferably, the solar panel is rectangular and the fold line, which is arranged substantially parallel to two opposite side edges, divides the solar panel into two equal halves. When providing several fold lines, the sub-panels formed are also the same size. Since only flexible materials are available in the area of the fold line, the solar panel can be folded and the partial panels are still sufficiently stably connected.

Conveniently, the fold line divides the solar panel into a first and a second subpanel, wherein on the first subpanel an array of first photovoltaic cells and on the second subpanel an array of second photovoltaic cells is arranged. It is advantageous if the region of the fold line is free of photovoltaic cells. Depending on the size of the sub-panels, the PV cells are arranged as densely as possible in order to achieve a high current efficiency. Since the PV cells are made of a rigid material, it is understood that in the region of the fold line no PV cells are arranged so as not to impair the folding function.

In a preferred embodiment, a first support is arranged on the rear side and / or the front side of the first subpanel and a second support is arranged at a distance from the first support at the rear side and / or the front side of the second subpanel. Since both the encapsulant layer and the cladding are flexible materials that do not provide sufficient stability for the solar panels, the first and second supports are provided as support members. If increased stability is required, the supports can be located at the front and rear of the solar panel. In the area of the first and second support, folding or bending of the panels is prevented or at least restricted. A defined folding of the solar panels along the folding line is therefore possible. The supports are made of a stiff and lightweight material. Because of these requirements, for example, sheets or composite materials, such as glass fiber reinforced plastics or carbon materials, are suitable.

In another embodiment, the first and second supports are disposed within the enclosure at the back and / or the front. This arrangement is advantageous when the support is to be protected by the enclosure.

Advantageously, the fold line is provided for the defined folding of the solar panel in the distance between the first and the second support. As stated in the last paragraph, the distance between the first and second supports allows for a defined folding along the fold line. The distance is 10 to 50 mm, preferably 20 to 40 mm and particularly preferably 25 to 30 mm. A clearance of this size ensures that the supports do not interfere with the folding process and that the sub-panels are sufficiently stabilized by the supports.

Preferably, a folding zone in the region of the fold line, in particular by notches made thinner, which folding zone is provided on the front and / or the back of the solar panel. The fold zone, in particular formed by notches, defines the fold line and allows folding of the solar panel at the fold line. Thus, the solar panel is defined after many fold out and folding defined by a solid state in a retracted state and vice versa transferred. Preferably, notches of the front and the back are arranged in pairs opposite one another. As a result, the layer thickness of the encapsulation layer at the fold line is reduced from both sides and the folding occurs with little resistance. Conceivable not only notches but also tapers, which define the folding or bending zone. A rejuvenation is advantageous if the two sub-panels are to have an increased distance from each other.

If a mechanical reinforcement of the bending zone along the folding line is required, then the first and second sub-panel can be connected to one another by an additional reinforcing element. This can be, for example, a suitably dimensioned flexible film.

Conveniently, the first and second Teilpaneel relative to each other from a first position to a second position pivotable so that they enclose an angle in the first position with each other, which is less than 45 degrees, preferably less than 25 degrees and more preferably less than 10 degrees and in the second position enclose an angle with each other which is greater than 90 degrees, preferably greater than 120 degrees, and more preferably greater than 140 degrees. As a result, the sub-panels can be pushed together on the one hand to form a small bellows and on the other hand, in the extended position, a maximum of the surface can be used to generate electricity.

It proves to be advantageous if the solar panel has a basis weight which is less than 16 kg / m 2, preferably less than 14 kg / m 2 and more preferably less than 11 kg / m 2 , Since the solar panel is consistently made in lightweight construction, especially since no glass plates or frame structures are used, basis weights in this order are possible.

Conveniently, at least two electrical lines from the first to the second subpanel bridge the fold line. The solar panel can therefore be pre-assembled electrically, without the need to subsequently lay electrical wiring during installation.

In a further preferred embodiment, the solar panel has at least one electrical connection with two contacts. Opposing electrical connections of adjacent solar panels can be quickly interconnected, which reduces the installation work on the site. The electrical connections may include lines connecting PV cells with each other in series or in parallel, or bridging the solar panel without being connected to a PV cell.

It is advantageous if the arrangement of the first photovoltaic cells and the arrangement of second photovoltaic cells with diodes, in particular SMD diodes, are connected. The diodes protect PV cells from the current flowing in the wrong direction and damage PV cells due to faulty shuttering

Advantageously, the first Teilpaneel has a first electrical connection and the second Teilpaneel another electrical connection and optionally one or more current return lines are included. Since the first and second sub-panels have different orientations with respect to the sun, it is expedient to provide separate electrical connections for the first and second PV cells in order to optimize the current efficiency.

Characterized in that the envelope advantageously at least at the front (13) has a light transmission between 350 and 1100 nm and preferably between 300 and 1200 ran through the sunlight, which is useful for the photovoltaic effect, the envelope and reaches the PV cells. Preferably, films, in particular Teflon films, are used for sheathing.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the solar panel holding means for articulated connection with adjacent solar panels, which holding means are preferably arranged on side edges which are substantially parallel to the fold line. The solar panel may preferably also have retaining means for connection to a support mechanism, which are arranged substantially perpendicular to the fold line. A pulling apart and pushing together of several interconnected solar panels with only one drive is therefore possible. Conceivable as holding means mutually offset hooks which are mounted in a common bolt, or a hinge connection with socket and bolt. If the solar panel with the holding means attached to the support mechanism, such as a scissor grille, so a mechanical connection of adjacent solar panels is not necessary.

In a further preferred embodiment, the solar panel on a plurality of successively arranged sub-panels, wherein between adjacent sub-panels each have a fold line is provided. This embodiment is advantageous if the solar panel has a large ratio of length to width, for example a ratio of 1 to 3 or greater. Despite this length, the solar panel can be folded small by the plurality of fold lines.

Conveniently, the solar panel comprises at most ten first and ten second sub-panels. This prevents sagging of the solar panel if the solar panel is arranged on a cable system. Also, it is then prevented that the solar panel is unstable, since it is attached to too few points on a holding element of a solar system.

Advantageously, the first and second subpanel are equipped with photovoltaic cells at intervals less than 2 mm, or only partially equipped with solar cells and / or have a back, which is transparent or partially transparent. These technical features have the advantage that sunlight can penetrate the first and second sub-panels and the area under the solar panels is illuminated by natural daylight.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a solar system according to the preamble of claim 12. According to the invention, the solar panels along the at least one holding element with an engaging means of a solid operating position in a retracted rest position are displaced. The displaceability between the operating and rest position causes the load on the solar system can be reduced by weather conditions such as wind, rain or snow, since the solar panels in the rest position offer little or no attack surface. The dimensioning of the solar system according to the invention, in order to obtain sufficient stability, can therefore be reduced in comparison with solar systems of the state of the art described above. This reduced dimensioning leads to lower production costs. Also, the maintenance costs can be reduced because damage due to weather conditions in the solar system according to the invention can be largely avoided. As a means of attack cables, chains or racks are conceivable, which move the solar panels in the two end positions or positions in between.

[0023] In terms of availability, adjacent solar panels are connected to one another in such a way that a pushing or pushing force can be transmitted from a solar panel to an adjacent solar panel or to a pressure-transmitting and thrust-transmitting retaining element. The attacking means can therefore be arranged at one end of the Solarpaneel arrangement and move all solar panels by applying a pushing or pushing force.

In a preferred embodiment, adjacent solar panels are hinged together at their side edges facing each other in the manner of a folding blind. In the rest position, the solar panels can be pushed together into a small package, which offers low attack surfaces for wind. In the operating position, the solar panel arrangement has a large surface, since it is fully deployable, whereby the largest possible surface of the sun faces.

Conveniently, adjacent solar panels are electrically connected to each other. The electrical conductivity between the individual solar panels is not affected by the displacement of the solar panels. Conceivable are flexible cable lines, which do not hinder the pivoting of the solar panels relative to each other and are not bent by the pivoting.

Characterized in that the holding element is a guide cable, a guide rod, a telescopic rod or a scissor lattice, the solar panels are sufficiently securely held and linearly displaceable along the guide cable or the guide rod. A guide wire or guide bar is inexpensive and can be quickly attached quickly to support posts or flat surfaces, such as roofs. A scissor lattice represents a particularly stable embodiment of a holding element.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the transfer from the operating position to the rest position and vice versa by a drive, in particular an electric drive. The electric drive can be easily controlled remotely and can move the solar panels fully automatically between the end positions or in intermediate positions depending on meteorological measurement data.

Advantageously, the change between the operating position and the rest position is controlled by sensors. The solar panels can therefore be converted into the desired position as a function of limit values which are compared with the measured values of the sensors. The solar panels can therefore be moved fully automatically depending on the prevailing weather conditions in the operating position or in the rest position, without a personal monitoring would be necessary.

Conveniently, the solar system on a control that uses weather or ice, snow quantity, humidity, temperature and sunlight determined by sensors or by means of Internet weather data. The solar panels can be moved according to the data in the protective position or the operating position. The collection of this data is sufficient to protect the solar system against influences that could damage or even destroy the solar system. Depending on the existing solar radiation, the solar panels are controlled by the recorded weather data in various intermediate position displaced to produce an optimal angle to the sun.

It is advantageous if the solar system is equipped with an emergency power supply. The solar system then remains in operation, even if the power supply is interrupted. Damage to the solar system is therefore prevented even in case of power failure, since the solar panels can be transferred even in case of power failure in the rest position.

In a further preferred embodiment, the solar panels are accommodated in the rest position in an enclosure. In the rest position, the solar panels are therefore well protected, even if a storm or other extreme weather conditions should be present.

Further advantages and features will become apparent from the following description of several embodiments of the invention with reference to the schematic representations. It shows in not to scale representation: <Tb> FIG. 1: <sep> a plan view of a foldable solar panel <Tb> FIG. Fig. 2a: <sep> is a sectional view of the solar panel of Fig. 1; <Tb> FIG. 2b shows a side view of a solar panel in a further embodiment; <Tb> FIG. 2c: <sep> is a side view of the solar panel of FIG. 2b in a folded position. <Tb> FIG. 3: <sep> a side view of two solar panels arranged side by side; <Tb> FIG. 4: <sep> is a plan view of a solar panel with a plurality of interconnected PV cells; <Tb> FIG. 5: <sep> a plan view of a 7-fold foldable solar panel; <Tb> FIG. Fig. 6: <sep> is a sectional view of the solar panel of Fig. 5; <Tb> FIG. 7: <sep> a side view of the solar panel of FIG. 5 in different extended positions and <Tb> FIG. 8a-c <sep> A side view of a scissor lattice in three different positions, which serves as a holding element.

In Figs. 1 and 2, the basic structure of the solar panel according to the invention is shown, wherein the solar panel is designated overall by the reference numeral 11. The solar panel 11 has a front side facing the sun and a rear side facing away from the sun. A folding line 17 divides the solar panel 11 into a first subpanel 19 and into a second subpanel 21, which preferably have the shape of rectangles.

In Fig. 2a, the various layers of the solar panel 11 are shown. An arrangement of first photovoltaic cells 23 and an arrangement of second photovoltaic cells (PV cells) 25 is accommodated in an encapsulation layer 27. The encapsulant layer 27 spaces the PV cells from each other and is formed of a transparent plastic such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or silicone rubber. The encapsulant layer 27 is of a light transparent film 29 on the front side. 13 and surrounded on the back 15. The film protects the encapsulation layer 27 and has a light transmission between 300 and 1100 nm. Suitable for this purpose, for example, films made of Teflon. For stiffening the first and second sub-panels 19, 21, a first and second support 31, 33 are fixed to their rear sides. Since the requirements for the first and second supports 31, 33, the stiffening of the sub-panels 19, 21 are low in weight, these are preferably made of a composite material, such as a glass fiber reinforced plastic or aluminum sheet. The first and second supports 31, 33 can also be arranged inside the film 29 at the front or the back side 13, 19, for example, between the encapsulation layer 27 and the film 29 or poured into the encapsulation layer 27. If the first and second supports 31, 33 are arranged on the front side 13, then it is expedient to use a light-permeable material for them.

In order for the solar panel 11 to be foldable along the fold line 17 in the direction of the front side or the back side, notches 35, 37 are formed in the region of the fold line 17 on the front side 13 and / or the back side 15 by the thickness of the encapsulation layer 27 Since the solar panel 11 is preferably free of glass, it is particularly light and has an areal density of less than 5 kg / m 2. Should a glass plate be used as protection, the solar panel has an areal density of preferably less than 10 kg / m 2. Accordingly, a solar system may be smaller in size and therefore manufactured more cheaply.

In order to integrate the solar panel 11 in a solar system, it has on its side edges 39 holding means, preferably a plurality of spaced apart hooks 41 a. With these hooks 41, the solar panel 11 can be rotatably fixed to crossbars 43. The hooks 41b of an adjacent solar panel 11 are arranged so offset from the hooks 41a that they engage around the crossbar 43 in the distance between the hooks 41a.

In Fig. 2b and 2c, the region of the fold line 17 is equipped with a reinforcing member 44 for reinforcing the mechanical connection so as not to kink the solar panel 11 or not to overstress after frequent turning. In FIGS. 2a and 2b, the notch 35 is replaced by a taper 46. The taper allows the two sub-panels 19, 21 to be angled to a common angle of less than 15 degrees. The notch 37 or taper 46 can also be interrupted by passage openings.

Fig. 3 shows that as holding elements two substantially parallel guided guide ropes 45 (or guide rods) are provided. The guide cables 45 are stretched between two supports, not shown. It would also be conceivable that the guide cables 45 are fixed on a flat surface, for example on a roof, without the use of supports. Parallel to the guide cables 45, the transverse rods 43 are displaceable, on which a plurality of solar panels 11 in turn is rotatably held. Fig. 3 shows the pulling or pushing together of two adjacent solar panels 11 in 4 stages. The solar panels 11 can be continuously displaced by the interaction of fold lines 17 and articulated transitions between adjacent solar panels 11 in the manner of a folding blinds from an extended operating position to a retracted rest position and vice versa. In this case, the solar panels 11 can be moved alternately in a first and second orientation. Thus, the solar panels 11 are adaptable to different positions of the sun.

Fig. 4 shows a possible Verschaltungsplan. First and second electrical connection zones 48 and 50 allow a solar panel 11 to be rapidly electrically connected to other adjacent solar panels 11 without the need for additional electrical wiring. The circuit diagram according to FIG. 4 shows that the PV cells of the first and second sub-panels 19, 21 can be connected in series with PV cells of adjacent sub-panels by simply connecting to corresponding connection zones 48, 50. If the solar panel 11 is to be bridged, or if current is to be returned, electrical lines 52 are arranged on the solar panel 11. The electrical lines 52 or the connections of the PV cells are guided over the folding line 17 and are designed so flexibly that they fit together with the sub-panels 19, 21 are bendable. To protect the individual PV cells diodes 54 may be provided which prevents a current flow which could destroy individual PV cells. Preferably, SMD diodes are installed.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a solar panel 11 may have a plurality of sub-panels 47. Conveniently, all PV cells of the first orientation are peeled in series and have a first common electrical connection 49. Similarly, all PV cells of the second orientation have a second common electrical connection 51. For weight reasons, however, the number of sub-panels 47 is limited to ten sub-panels , In the sectional view of FIG. 6, the layer structure of a solar panel 11 is again shown, which shows the PV cells 23, 25, the encapsulation layer 27, the film 29 and the supports 31, 33. The plurality of notches 47a-47h allow the solar panel to be made smaller to 1/8 of its surface in the rest position. Due to this achievable low surface, the solar panel 11 is well protected in the rest position from wind and weather and has in the operating position a large usable surface for use recording the sun's rays.

Fig. 7 shows the solar panel 11 of Figs. 5 and 6 in different extended positions. In the fully extended operating position according to FIG. 7, the sub-panels make an angle with the vertical which is preferably greater than 75 degrees. The angle can be adapted to the respective position of the sun in intermediate positions (FIGS. 7b and 7c). Also, the solar panel can be adjusted by the intermediate positions of strong winds. The solar panel can therefore be reefen to a certain extent like a sail. In order for the solar panel 11 to require as little space as possible in the rest position, the sub-panels 47a-47h in this position enclose an angle with the vertical, which is preferably less than 10 degrees (FIG. 7d). In the rest position, the solar panels 11 may be housed in an enclosure. The enclosure offers the solar panels 11 protection against wind and precipitation. It is advantageous that the solar panels 11 have no glass cover, since they are still further collapsible in the rest position because of their small thickness.

Adjacent solar panels 11 are electrically connected to each other, without thereby the pushing together or pulling apart of the solar panels 11 would be affected. In particular, cables 55 or sliding contacts, which are connected to the second electrical connection zone 50, are suitable for the electrical connection.

In Fig. 8a-c, a folding scissors grille 57 is shown, which serves as a holding element for the successively arranged solar panels 11. The scissor lattice 57 is displaceable together with the solar panels 11 between the rest position according to FIG. 8a and an operating position according to FIGS. 8b or 8c. The scissor lattice 57 is a very stable embodiment of a holding element. The stability can be further increased if on both sides of a bellows a scissor lattice 57 is fixed to the solar panels 11. In FIGS. 8a-c, the sub-panels 19, 21 are arranged on the upper legs 59a of the lattice grating 57. However, they could also be over the entire length of the legs 59 extend.

For displaceable mounting of the pivotally interconnected solar panels 11 on the guide cable 13, it is not necessary that each solar panel 11 is held on the holding element So only every second or third solar panel 11 may be held on the holding element.

The fan-like pushing together of the solar panels 11 is particularly suitable to protect the solar system from destruction due to weather conditions. Conveniently, the solar system is therefore monitored by sensors. The sensors preferably monitor meteorological values such as wind strength, snowfall, precipitation amount, temperature, etc. If the detected values exceed or fall below the recorded values in a database, the solar panels 11 are automatically retracted or extended. Preferably, an electric drive is controlled by the sensors. The electric drive is connected to the solar panels 11 with engagement means to automatically move the solar panels 11 between the rest position and the operating position. As a means of attack for the transmission of shear or tensile forces, for example, serve a rope, a chain or a rack. However, the solar panels can be moved with the engaging means in any position between the two end positions. As already stated above, this makes sense in order to move the solar panels 11 to an optimum angle to the sun. For this purpose, the radiation angle of the sun can be detected via a sensor.

Legend

[0046] <Tb> 11 <sep> solar panel <Tb> 13 <sep> Front <Tb> 15 <sep> back <Tb> 17 <sep> fold <tb> 19 <sep> First subpanel <tb> 21 <sep> Second subpanel <tb> 23 <sep> Arrangement of First PV Cells <tb> 25 <sep> Arrangement of second PV cells <Tb> 27 <sep> encapsulation <Tb> 29 <sep> film <tb> 31 <sep> First Support <tb> 33 <sep> Second Support <Tb> 35 <sep> notch <Tb> 37 <sep> notch <tb> 39 <sep> Side edges of the solar panel <tb> 41a, 41b <sep> Hook <Tb> 43 <sep> crossbars <Tb> 44 <sep> reinforcing element <Tb> 45 <sep> guide ropes <Tb> 47a-47h <sep> Part panels <tb> 48 <sep> First electrical connection zone <tb> 49 <sep> First electrical connection <tb> 50 <sep> Second electrical connection zone <tb> 51 <sep> Second electrical connection <tb> 52 <sep> Electrical wiring <Tb> 54 <sep> Diodes <Tb> 55 <sep> Cables <Tb> 57 <sep> concertina <tb> 59 <sep> Legs of the Scherengitter

Claims (29)

1. solar panel (11) with A front side (13) facing the sun and a rear side (15) facing away from the sun, - At least a first and second spaced-apart photovoltaic cell (23, 25) and - An encapsulation layer (27), in which the at least first and second photovoltaic cell (23, 25) are embedded, characterized in that the solar panel (11) on the front side (13) transparent enclosure (29), which the Photovoltaic cells (23, 25) and the encapsulation layer (27) enveloped and that between the at least first and second photovoltaic cell (23, 25) a fold line (17) is provided, wherein the envelope at least in the region of the fold line (17) is flexible. 2. Solar panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the folding line (17) subdivides the solar panel (11) into a first and a second sub-panel (19, 21), wherein on the first sub-panel (19) an arrangement of first photovoltaic cells ( 23) and on the second sub-panel (21) an arrangement of second photovoltaic cells (25) is arranged. 3. Solar panel according to claim 2, characterized in that on the rear side (15) and / or the front side (13) of the first sub-panel (19) a first support (31) is arranged and at a distance from the first support (31). on the rear side (15) and / or the front side (13) of the second subpanel (21) a second support (33) is arranged. 4. Solar panel according to claim 3, characterized in that the first and second support (31, 33) within the enclosure (29) on the rear side (15) and / or the front side (13) is arranged. 5. Solar panel according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the fold line (17) is provided for the defined folding of the solar panel in the distance between the first and the second support. 6. solar panel according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a folding zone in the region of the fold line (17), in particular by notches (35, 37) is made thinner, which folding zone at the front (13) and / or the back (15) of the solar panel (11) is provided. 7. Solar panel according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the first and second subpanel (19, 21) by an additional reinforcing element (44) are interconnected. 8. solar panel according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the first and second Teilpaneel (19, 21) are pivotable relative to each other from a first position to a second position, so that they enclose an angle in the first position, which is less than 45 degrees, preferably less than 25 degrees, and more preferably less than 10 degrees and in the second position enclose an angle with each other which is greater than 90 degrees, preferably greater than 120 degrees and more preferably greater than 140 degrees. 9. Solar panel according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the solar panel (11) has a basis weight which is less than 16 kg / m <2>, preferably less than 14 kg / m <2> and particularly preferably less than 11 kg / m <2> 10. Solar panel according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that at least two electrical lines, the fold line (17) from the first to the second sub-panel (19, 21) bridge. 11. Solar panel according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the solar panel (11) has at least one electrical connection with at least two contacts. 12. Solar panel according to one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that the arrangement of first photovoltaic cells (23) and the arrangement of second photovoltaic cells (25) with diodes, in particular SMD diodes, are connected. 13. Solar panel according to one of claims 2 to 12, characterized in that the first sub-panel (13) has a first electrical connection (49) and the second sub-panel (21) has a second electrical connection (51) and that optionally one or more Current return lines (52) are provided on the solar panel. 14. Solar panel according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the sheath (29) at least on the front side (13) has a light transmission between 350 and 1100 nm and preferably between 300 and 1200 nm 15. Solar panel according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the solar panel (11) holding means (41) for articulated connection with adjacent solar panels (11), which holding means (41) preferably at side edges (39), which substantially are parallel to the fold line (17), are arranged or holding means for connection to a support mechanism, which are arranged substantially perpendicular to the fold line (17). 16. Solar panel according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the solar panel (11) has a plurality of successively arranged sub-panels (47), wherein between adjacent sub-panels (47) each have a fold line (17) is provided. 17. Solar panel according to claim 16, characterized in that the solar panel (11) comprises at most ten first and ten second sub-panels (47) 18. Solar panel according to one of claims 2 to 17, characterized in that the first and second Teilpaneel (19, 21) are equipped with photovoltaic cells at intervals less than 2 mm, or are only partially equipped with solar cells and / or a back (15) which is transparent or partially transparent. 19. solar system with - One or a plurality of successively arranged solar panels (11) according to one of the preceding claims and - At least one holding element (45) on which the solar panels (11) are held, characterized in that the solar panels (11) along the at least one holding element (45, 57) are displaceable with an engaging means of a solid operating position in a retracted rest position , 20. Solar system according to claim 19, characterized in that the sub-panels (21, 23, 47) of a solar panel (11) along the fold lines (17) and adjacent solar panels (11) are interconnected such that a pushing or pushing force of a Solar panel (11) on an adjacent solar panel (11) or on a pressure and thrust transmitting retaining element (45, 57) is transferable. 21. Solar installation according to one of claims 19 to 20, characterized in that adjacent solar panels (11) are hinged together at their mutually facing side edges (39). 22. Solar system according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the plurality of solar panels (11) by the articulated connection with each other and the Faltbarkeit at least one point of each solar panel (11) is collapsible and expandable in the manner of a folding blind 23. Solar system according to one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that adjacent solar panels (11) are electrically conductively connected to each other. 24. Solar system according to one of claims 19 to 23, characterized in that the holding element is a guide cable (45), a guide rod, a telescopic rod or a safety gate. 25. Solar installation according to one of claims 19 to 24, characterized in that the transfer from the operating position to the rest position and vice versa by a drive, in particular an electric drive, takes place. 26. Solar installation according to one of claims 19 to 25, characterized in that the change between the operating position and the rest position is controlled by sensors. 27. Solar system according to claim 26, characterized in that the solar system has a controller which determines by means of sensors or by means of Internet weather data such as wind strength, ice level, amount of snow, humidity, temperature and solar radiation. 28. Solar system according to one of claims 19 to 27, characterized in that the solar system is equipped with an emergency power supply. 29. Solar system according to one of claims 19 to 28, characterized in that the solar panels (11) are accommodated in the rest position in an enclosure.