CH648588A5 - POWER TRANSFER MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR OPERATING TRACTION GEARBOXES. - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a power transmission material which contains a mixture of a hydrocarbon oil in a small amount of an antioxidant and is suitable for use in mechanical power transmission units. The mixtures are specifically adapted for use in traction transmissions. The invention further relates to a method 55 for operating such traction transmissions.

To date, gear transmissions and hydraulic devices for power transmission or speed control have been used. A gear system, so-called traction gear (rolling friction drive devices), which is based on the 6o point contact or line contact between rolling solid bodies, has gained recognition. These traction gears are particularly suitable for industrial machines because they ensure high power transmission effectiveness without showing the vibration properties of devices 65 in which gears or similar positive forms of engagement are used.

As a fluid, which is introduced between the parts of such traction transmissions in contact, a

Lubricants are selected that are most suitable from a functional point of view. In particular, it is necessary that the fluid arranged between the contact parts is able to undergo a reversible glass transition, an increase in viscosity and to improve the effectiveness of the power transmission between the surfaces in rolling contact under high pressure and that the fluid after Distance from these contact surfaces immediately returns to the original fluid state. It must also be able to exclude direct contact between metal bodies and thus prevent the metal bodies from seizing, wear and fatigue and, in the same way as all types of lubricants, the important functions of preventing the occurrence of rust and corrosion Exercise prevention of an increase in temperature.

Friction or traction gear devices for transmitting mechanical force are described in numerous reports in the previously published technical literature. In all details they are e.g. in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,394,603 and 3,411,369, the publication in "Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data", Volume 5, No. 4, pages 499-507 (1960) and by Hewko et al. in «Proceedings of the Symposium on Rolling Contact Phenomena, pages 157-185 (1962), Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Numerous substances have been proposed as materials or compositions for use in traction gears or friction gears, including mineral oils (Japanese patent publication 24 635/1964), mixtures of dialkyl aromatic hydrocarbons with diaryl alkanes (Japanese patent publication 40 525/1972), poly-methacryl methacrylate (Japanese Patent Publication 31 828/1973), Adamantane (Japanese Patent Publications 42 067/1973 and 42 068/1973), Polyolefins (Japanese Patents KOKAI4 766/1971 and 2 229/1972) and Alk-ylnaphthalenes (U.S. Patent 2,549,377) are mentioned as examples. Japanese patent KOKAI 40 726/1980 relates to liquids or fluids which are obtained by hydrogenating bis (a-methylbenzyltoluene) and / or bis- (a-methylbenzyl) xylene. In addition, numerous proposals have been described relating to naphthenic oils containing naphthenic rings. Such naphthenic oils include dicyclohexylethane (U.S. Patent No. 3,577,361), dicyclohexylpropane (Japanese Patent Publication No. 36,105/1978), hydrogenated compounds with condensed rings (U.S. Patent No. 3,411,369), naphthenes which contain at least one saturated carbon content 648,588

cyclic ring (US Pat. No. 3,440,894), naphthenes containing at least two saturated, carbon-containing cyclic rings (US Pat. No. 3,925,217) and mixtures of naphthenes and paraffins (US Pat. Nos. 3,595,796 5 and 3 595 797), and an oil which is obtained by hydrogenation of the alkoxylation product of xylene and / or toluene with styrene (Japanese patent KOKAI 43 108/1980), which are mentioned here by way of example.

The aforementioned U.S. Patents 3,440,894 and 3,925,217 cover a wide range of naphthenic compounds and cite a large number of naphthenes as examples. Most are compounds that have one or two hydrogenated rings. Among the compounds given there, those which have three or more hydrated rings are limited to a small number, which include, for example, tercyclohexyls, 1,2,3-tricyclohexylpropane and tricyclohexylmethane. Although these compounds have a high traction coefficient, they have poor practicality because of their high 20 viscosity or high crystal deposition temperature. From the previous technical literature it can be seen that naphthenic oils which contain hydrogenated rings generally have excellent properties for lubricants, especially those which are used in traction transmissions. 25 The invention has for its object to provide new materials that are suitable for use in mechanical power transmission devices. Another object of the invention is to provide materials of this type which have outstanding traction properties and other properties, such as resistance to oxidation and corrosion, and which can be synthesized in a simple manner from readily accessible starting materials on an industrial scale. Another task is to create a new method for operating 35 traction transmissions. Other objects are to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and to achieve the advantages evident from the description below.

The objects described above are accomplished by the creation of a composition suitable for use in mechanical power transmission units. This composition contains a small amount of an antioxidant mixed with a hydrocarbon oil having 19 to 30 carbon atoms and 3 six-45 membered carbocyclic rings and consisting of a mixture of compounds of the formula below, wherein: R1 is a divalent straight or branched chain radical CyH2y, in which y represents an integer from 1 to 3, R2 represents a straight-chain radical CzH2z, where z represents an integer from 1 to 3, R3, R4 and R5 represent identical or different alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, 1, m and n each represents an integer from 0 to 3 and x is 0 or 1 and where rings A and B are hydrogenated benzene rings and ring C is a hydrogenated benzene ring when x is 1 and a hydrogenated benzene ring or cyclohexane ring when x is 0 means, the hydrogenated benzene rings to a degree of saturation of at least 80%, but less than 100% of theory with hydrogen

(I)

are saturated. The rings are preferably at least 95% saturated.

According to one embodiment of the invention, it is preferred that x in formula 1 is, according to a further embodiment, x is 0. Preferred compounds in these cases include hydrogenated l- (benzylphenyl) -l-phenylethane, which is 0 to and including Has 2 methyl substituents and 0 to and including 2 ethyl substituents, hy-65 dried dibenzylbenzene, which has 0 to and including 2 methyl substituents and 0 to and including 2 ethyl substituents, hydrogenated benzyldiphenyl with 0 to and including 2 methyl substituents and with 0 to and including 2 ethyl substituents

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and hydrogenated 1-diphenyl-1-phenylethane with 0 to and including ^ methyl substituents and with 0 to and including 2 ethyl substituents.

The composition preferably additionally contains up to 100 parts, preferably 10 to 60 parts, of an alkylcyclohexane, the alkyl group of which has 9 to 20 carbon atoms, per 100 parts of the hydrocarbons.

The invention also relates to a method for operating traction transmissions (friction transmissions) which have an area with point or line contact between rolling solid bodies, the contact area being lubricated with the composition defined above.

It was thus found that a mixture of hydrocarbons with a backbone in which 3 hydrogenated benzene rings are linked linearly by means of the two chains CyH2y and CzH2z, or two hydrogenated benzene rings are linked linearly directly by a group CyH2y and a hydrogenated benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring is linked to one of these fingers without a chain arranged in between, is specifically effective due to its special molecular structure in order to achieve the objects of the invention.

The invention is described in more detail below.

The main component of the hydrocarbon oil of the present invention for use in mechanical power transmission devices is a naphthenic type hydrocarbon compound having 19 to 30 carbon atoms inclusive and 3 benzene hydrocarbon rings, which is represented by the above general formula I, wherein y and z in R1 and R2 are respectively for 1, 2 or 3 mean and preferably y is 1 or 2 and z 1. R3, R4 and R5 each represent alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, 1, m and n each separately 0.1,2.3 or, if desired, 0.1.2 or 3 and preferably 0, 1 or 2 are 15 and x means either 0 or 1.

Therefore, when x is 1, the compound of the general formula I can be expressed by the general formula II. If x is 0, this compound can thus be expressed by the general formula III.

(r4)

m

(r3)

n

- R-

R-

(II)

(III)

In the above formulas, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5,1, m and n have the meaning given above and ring C in formula III is a hydrogenated benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring.

When x is 1, corresponding compounds of the general formula I include hydrogenated dibenzylbenzenes, hydrogenated (methylbenzyl) benzylbenzenes, hydrogenated (dimeth-ylbenzyl) benzylbenzenes, hydrogenated di (methylbenzyl) benzene, hydrogenated (ethylbenzyl) benzylbenzenes , hydrogenated di (ethylbenzyl) benzenes, hydrogenated (diethylbenzyl) benzylbenzenes, hydrogenated dibenzyltoluenes, hydrogenated dibenzyldimethylbenzenes, hydrogenated dibenzylethylbenzenes, hydrogenated (methylbenzyl) benzyltoluenes, hydrogenated (dimethylbenyl) benzene toluenes, hydrogenated (ethylbenzyl) benzyltoluenes, hydrogenated di (methylbenzyl) toluenes, hydrogenated di (ethylbenzyl) toluenes, hydrogenated di (methylbenzyl) xylenes, hydrogenated 1,1-benzylphenyl) phenylethanes, hydrogenated oil , l- [Methylbenzyl) -phen-yl] -phenylethane, hydrogenated l, l- (benzylphenyl) - (methylphen-yl) -ethane, hydrogenated l, l- (benzylmethylphenyl) -phenylethane, hydrogenated l, l- ( Benzylphenyl) - (ethylphenyl) -ethane, hydrogenated l, l- (benzylethylphenyl) -phenylethane, hydrogenated phenethyl-benzy Benzene, hydrogenated phenethylbenzyltoluenes, hydrogenated diphenethylbenzenes and hydrogenated diphenethyltoluenes, which are to be mentioned as examples.

Among the compounds represented by the general formula II mentioned above, hydrogenated dibenzylbenzenes and hydrogenated (benzylphenyl) phenylethanes or their derivatives having 1 or 2 methyl or ethyl substituents, especially hydrogenated dibenzyltoluenes, are particularly suitable for the purposes of the invention .

When x is 0, examples of the compound 40 fertilizers of the general formula I mentioned above include hydrogenated benzyl diphenyls, hydrogenated benzyl monomethyl diphenyls, hydrogenated benzyl dimethyl diphenyls, hydrogenated benzyl trimethyl diphenyls, hydrogenated benzyl monoethyl diphenyls, hydrogenated benzyl-diethyl-diphenyls, hydrogenated benzyl-triethyl-45 diphenyls, hydrogenated diphenyltolyl-methanes, hydrogenated (methyl-diphenylyl) -tolyl-methanes, hydrogenated (dimethyldiphenylyl) -tolyl-methanes, hydrogenated (trimethyldiphenylyl) -t -methane, (ethyldiphenylyl) -tolyl-methane, hydrogenated (diethyldiphenylyl) -tolyl-methane, hydrogenated (diphenylyl) so (ethylphenyl) -ethane, hydrogenated (methyldiphenylyl) (ethyl-phenyl) -methane, hydrogenated (dimethyl-diphenyly (ethylphenyl) methane, hydrogenated (trimethyldiphenylyl) - (ethylphenyl) methane, hydrogenated (ethyldiphenylyl) - (ethylphenyl) methane, hydrogenated (diethyldiphenylyl) - (ethylphenyl) 55 -methane, hydrogenated 1-diphenylyl -1-phen -ethane, hyd hydrogenated 1- (methyldiphenylyl) -1- phenylethane, hydrogenated 1- (dimethyldiphenylyl) -1- phenylethane, hydrogenated 1- (ethyldiphenylyl) -1- phenylethane, hydrogenated 1- (diethyldiphenylyl) -1-phenylethane, hydrogenated 1-diphenylyl -1- (methylphenyl) -6o ethane, hydrogenated 1- (ethyldiphenylyl) -1- (methylphenyl) ethane, hydrogenated 1- (methyldiphenylyl) -1- (methylphenyl) ethane, hydrogenated 1- (diphenylyl) -1- ( ethylphenyl) -ethane, hydrogenated 1- (methyldiphenylyl) -1- (ethylphenyl) -ethane, hydrogenated 1- (dimethyldiphenylyl) -1- (ethylphenyl) -ethane, ss hydrogenated 1- (ethyldiphenylyl) -1- (ethylphenyl) -ethane , hydrogenated phenethyldiphenyls, hydrogenated phenethylmethyldiphenyls, hydrogenated phenethyldimethyldiphenyls, hydrogenated phenethylethyldiphenyls, hydrogenated phenethyldiethenyl

phenyls, hydrogenated (methylphenethyl) diphenyls, hydrogenated (methylphenethyl) methyldiphenyls, hydrogenated (methylphenethyl) ethyldiphenyls and hydrogenated (ethylphenethyl) diphenyls.

Among the compounds represented by the general formula III mentioned above, hydrogenated benzyldijphenyls or their derivatives having one or 2-meth-yl or ethyl substituents are particularly well suited for the purposes of the invention.

The compounds of general formula II, such as hydrogenated dibenzylbenzenes, are obtained by hydrogenating dibenzylbenzene, which originates from the reaction of benzyl halides and benzene in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst. Among other benzyl halides, benzyl chloride proves to be particularly advantageous for use. The benzyl halides are advantageously used in an amount of not more than 1 mol, preferably in the range from 0.1 to 0.5 mol, per mol of benzene. Among other compounds that can be used as Friedel-Crafts catalysts, sulfuric acid, boron trifluoride and aluminum chloride have proven to be particularly suitable, aluminum chloride being the best possible compound. The amount of aluminum chloride to be used is desirably in the range of 0.0001 to 0.1 mole per mole of benzyl chloride. Although the reaction temperature can be selected in the range from 20 to 150 ° C, it is preferably set in the range from 40 to 80 ° C. The reaction pressure is only required to exceed the minimum value required to keep the reactor contents in the liquid phase; A pressure in the range from 0 to 10 kg / cm 2 above atmospheric pressure has proven to be advantageous for the reaction. The product of this reaction is dibenzylbenzene, which is a mixture of the ortho, meta and para isomers. These isomers can be subjected to hydrogenation in the form of the mixture or in separate form. To prepare for the hydrogenation, the Friedel-Crafts catalyst is removed from the reaction mixture, for example by washing with water, and the unreacted portions of the reactants and possible reaction by-products are removed from the reaction mixture, such as by distillation, to isolate dibenzylbenzene. The isolated reaction product is then subjected to the hydrogenation in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.

As a hydrogenation catalyst, platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium or nickel catalysts have an advantageous effect. The nickel catalyst is used in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 20% by weight. The hydrogen pressure is suitably in the range of 10 to 200 kg / cm 2 above atmospheric pressure. The hydrogen for hydrogenation is used in an amount corresponding to 9 moles or more per mole of dibenzylbenzene, preferably in an amount corresponding to one and a half times the molar ratio mentioned above. The reaction temperature of the hydrogenation is in the range from 100 to 200 ° C, preferably 140 to 170 ° C. When the hydrogenation has progressed to a predetermined degree of hydrogenation, the reaction is stopped and the hydrogenated dibenzylbenzene is isolated. The reaction product can be isolated by simply removing the spent catalyst. It can be carried out by separation, by filtration or, if necessary, by any conventional method used to treat lubricants, such as by treatment with activated clay. If necessary, distillation can be used for this purpose. Normally, however, the distillation has little advantage if the reaction does not produce low-boiling compounds as a by-product

det, because by distillation the separation of fully hydrogenated dibenzylbenzene and partially hydrogenated dibenzylbenzene or the separation of isomers can only be achieved with great difficulty.

5 An alkyl-substituted hydrogenated dibenzylbenzene is prepared by replacing benzene or benzyl halides or both compounds with an alkyl-substituted benzene or alkyl-substituted benzyl halides or both compounds as starting materials and application of these starting materials in suitable combinations. Suitable alkyl substituted benzenes for this purpose include toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, xylene, cumene, diethylbenzene and methyl ethylbenzene. Suitable alkyl-substituted benzyl halides for this purpose include derivatives of benzyl halides which have monomethyl or monoethyl substituents. When such alkyl substituted starting materials are used,

the reaction can be carried out under conditions similar to those described above, and the hydrogenation can also be carried out in the same way.

If a compound of the general formula

25th

ff

(R3) • £ ch2 ■

ch2 x wherein R3 and 1 have the meaning given above and X represents a halogen atom, instead of the abovementioned benzyl halides or their alkyl substitution derivatives, is used, hydrogenated diphenylethyl benzene or an alkyl substitution derivative thereof can be obtained.

According to a preferred embodiment of the process for the preparation of the compounds 35 according to the invention, a hydrogenated compound of the (benzylphenyl) phenylalkane type is obtained by reacting a diphenylalkane with a benzyl halide in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst to give a (benzylphenyl) to produce phenylalkane, and this reaction product is then hydrogenated 40. In this case, when a 1,1-diphenylalkane is used as the diphenylalkane, a hydrogenated 1- (benzylphenyl) -1-phenylalkane compound is formed, a hydrogenated 1- (benzylphenyl) -1-phenylalkane compound is formed . Use of an alkyl-substituted 1,1-diphenylalkane 45 or an alkyl-substituted benzyl halide or both leads to the formation of a hydrogenated alkyl-substituted 1- (benzylphenyl) -1-phenylalkane type compound. If a 1,3-diphenylalkane is used as the diphenylalkane, a compound of the type ei-50 nes hydrogenated 1- (benzylphenyl) -3-phenylalkane is obtained, and if a 1,2-diphenylalkane is used, a 1-benzyl- phenyl -2-phenylalkane or a 2-benzylphenyl -1-phenylalkane obtained. In all of these cases, the type of Friedel-Crafts catalyst, the conditions of the Friedel-Crafts-55 reaction of alkyl halides, the hydrogenation conditions, etc. are the same as those described above. The 1,1-diphenylalkanes mentioned can be prepared by reacting ethylbenzene or styrene and benzene in the presence of the Friedel-Crafts catalyst. 60 The compounds of general formula III, such as hydrogenated benzyldiphenyl, are obtained in the same way as the compounds of general formula II by hydrogenation of benzyldiphenyls, which are formed by the reaction of benzyl halides with diphenyls in the presence of the Friedel-Crafts catalyst . In this case, it is desirable that the amount of the aluminum chloride to be used is in the range of 0.0001 to 0.05 mol per mol of the benzyl chloride. If the reaction temp

648 588

rature within a range between a value that exceeds the melting point of the present diphenyls up to 180 ° C can be selected, it is preferably kept at a value in the range of 70 to 100 ° C. Although the reaction pressure need only exceed the minimum value required to keep the contents of the reactor in the liquid phase, the pressure is preferably in the range of 0 to 50 kg / cm 2 above atmospheric pressure. In this reaction, the product formed is benzyldiphenyl, which is a mixture of the ortho, meta and para isomers. These isomers can be subjected to hydrogenation either in the form of their mixture or in separate form. In preparation for the hydrogenation, the reaction mixture is washed with water and distilled to ensure the removal of the unreacted reactants and the used Friedel-Crafts catalyst and to isolate benzyldiphenyl. The isolated benzyldiphenyl is then hydrogenated by introducing hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. In this case, the conditions of the hydrogenation are the same as those used in the hydrogenation for the preparation of the compounds of the general formula II.

A hydrogenated alkyl-substituted benzyldiphenyl is prepared by replacing the diphenyl or the benzyl halide or both compounds with an alkyl-substituted diphenyl or an alkyl-substituted benzyl halide or both as starting materials, these starting materials being used in suitable combinations. Suitable alkyl substituted diphenyls include monomethyldiphenyl, monoethyldiphenyl, mono-propyldiphenyl, dimethyldiphenyl, diethyldiphenyl and methylethyldiphenyl. Suitable alkyl substituted benzyl halides include derivatives of benzyl halides that have monomethyl, monoethyl and other similar substituents. When these alkyl substituted derivatives are used, the reaction can be carried out under the same conditions as described above. The hydrogenation can also be carried out in the same way.

If instead of the aforementioned benzyl halides or their alkyl-substituted derivatives, a compound of the general formula

(r3) / ch2 •

ch2x in which R3 and 1 have the meaning given above and X represents a halogen atom, hydrogenated phenylethyldiphenyl or its alkyl substitution derivative is obtained.

According to another preferred embodiment of the process for the preparation of the compounds according to the invention, cyclohexylbenzene or a diphenyl are reacted with styrene in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst in one process step and the reaction product formed is hydrogenated in another step. Suitable Friedel-Crafts catalysts for this reaction are boron trifluoride, aluminum chloride and sulfuric acid. When sulfuric acid is used as the catalyst, the amount of this catalyst is desirably in the range of 5 to 50% by weight based on the amount of the diphenyl present. The cyclohexylbenzene or diphenyl and styrene are preferably used in the same or almost the same molar proportions in order to exclude the otherwise possible polymerization of styrene during the reaction. It is desirable that the reaction temperature be low and in the range of about 0 to 30 ° C. When the reaction is complete, the reaction mixture is washed with water to remove the spent catalyst, and then distilled to isolate 1- (diphenylyl) -1-phenylethane or 1- (cyclohexylphen-yl) -1-phenylethane as the reaction product .

5 When the compound obtained is subjected to hydrogenation by the same method as described above, hydrogenated 1- (diphenylyl) -1-phenylethane is formed.

If the same procedure is repeated by using an alkyl-substituted cyclohexylbenzene or an alkyl-substituted diphenyl or an alkyl-substituted styrene in each case instead of cyclohexylbenzene or diphenyl or styrene, an alkyl-substituted hydrogenated 1- (diphenylyl) -1-phenylethane is obtained. Alkyl-substituted cyclo-15 hexylbenzenes which are suitable for this purpose include cyclohexyl-methylbenzenes, cyclohexyl-ethylbenzenes, cyclo-hexyl-propylbenzenes, cyclohexyl-dimethylbenzenes, cyclo-hexyl-diethylbenzenes, (methylcyclohexyl) -benzenes, (di -benzenes, (ethylcyclohexyl) -benzenes, (di-20 ethyl-cyclohexyl) -benzenes and mixtures of such compounds. The alkyl substituted diphenyls useful in this process are the same as those mentioned above. Suitable alkyl-substituted styrenes include compounds of the general formula

* ch2 = ch-0- (r3V

wherein R3 and 1 have the definition given above. 30 A typical example of these compounds is vinylto-luol. A-Methylstyrene can also be used advantageously in the same way. If these alkyl substitution derivatives are used, the reaction can be carried out under conditions similar to those described above.

The materials according to the invention for use in mechanical power transmission devices can be used in unmixed form. If they are mixed with a (Cçr-C2o-alkyl) -cyclohexane in a 40 amount of at most 100 parts by weight, preferably in the range of 10 to 60 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the compounds according to the invention can be obtained, a material can be obtained which has a varying degree of viscosity and is suitable for mechanical power transmission devices without a significant deterioration in the properties attributable to the oil which are important for the fulfillment of its function. Suitable alkylcyclohexanes for this purpose are obtained by hydrogenation of alkylbenzenes, which in turn are obtained by reaction of trimers to pentamers of propylene with benzene.

In addition to their essential components, namely a small amount of an antioxidant and a hydrocarbon oil described above, the materials according to the invention can contain other additives or by-products as long as they do not impair their suitability for use for mechanical power transmission. In addition to the antioxidants, the materials can contain other additives such as rust preventives, anti-foaming agents, etc. contain. They can also contain a small amount of by-products that arise during the production of the hydrocarbon oils of the general formula I. However, it is desirable to avoid the presence of a large amount of aromatic hydrocarbons or compounds that have a double bond. It is in the preparation of a compound of general formula I by hydrogenation of a corresponding aromatic hydrocarbon

therefore, it is desirable that the hydrogenation be carried out until the hydrogenation is at least 80%, desirably 95%, and preferably more than 95% completed. An essentially complete hydrogenation, for example up to an unhydrogenated fraction of less than 1%, is practically impossible. However, such complete removal of the unsaturation is not necessary since the subject of the invention is not affected by the presence of unsaturated compounds in small amounts. The hydrocarbon oils, which are the essential components of the materials according to the invention, are thus mixtures of constituents in different stages of hydrogenation or of isomers or of both types of constituents and can be used as such or in combination with suitable additives, as mentioned above .

The term “hydrogenated compounds” is therefore to be understood to include all compounds which have been hydrogenated to a degree of hydrogenation of at least 80%, preferably at least 95% of the theoretically possible degree of hydrogenation.

The traction coefficient (pull coefficient) of a given oil is generally measured using a traction gear device. For the purposes of the invention, the measurement was carried out using a soda four-roll device friction tester (T. Kimura and M. Mu-raki "TRIBOLOGY", 1979 (12), page 255). In this test device, traction or tension (rolling friction) occurs at the three contact surfaces which are formed between an inner, centrally arranged roller and three outer rollers, which are arranged tangentially around the inner, central roller. These rollers are arranged so that the same vertical loads are exerted, which act on the three contact surfaces. The contact surface pressure, expressed by the average Hertzian pressure, is in the range from 0.575 to 1.157 GPa. The other conditions for determining traction using this tester are shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1

Conditions for determining traction

7,648,588

moment was determined by measuring the torque of the central non-supported axis of the central roller using a resistance wire strain gauge.

The traction coefficient determined under the above-mentioned conditions shows the tendency with increasing sliding / roll conditions to first rise in a straight line, then reaches a maximum and begins to decrease again. In the curve thus recorded, the zone important for the practical application of the oil never lies in the first part of the straight Li-io, in which the heat generated by the shear of the oil film is not great. Therefore, only the traction coefficient specifically within this zone is considered below.

For example, the following traction coefficients were obtained under the test conditions with an average i5 Hertz pressure of 1.157 GPa and a rotation speed of 4.19 m / s.

20th

Viscosity traction (cSt) at a coefficient of 40 ° C

naphthenic mineral oil hydrogenated polyisobutylene 2s dicyclohexane ethyl -dicyclohexyn methylcyclohexyl-cyclohexylmethane dicyclohexylethane 30 sec-dodecylcyclohexane tercyclohexyls (o- and m-mixture) *

Hydrogenated linear dimer of a-methylstyrene 22

8.0 10.0 2.9 4.0

4.2 4.0 5.4

30th

0.050 0.060 0.065 0.060

0.065 0.070 0.050

0.090

0.090

Rotation speed

Sliding speed

Test rollers

Lubrication method:

Oil temperature:

1.05 to 4.19 m / sec. 0 to 0.22 m / sec. Material bearing steel,

SUJ-2 hardness (Hv)

760 to 800 Dimensions 40 mm x 9 mm (outer rollers) (diameter x width) 40 mm x 5 mm (central roller), drop of about 10 ml / min as a flow volume of 28 ° C

35 * crystal deposition at room temperature

In contrast, the traction coefficient of hydrocarbon oils according to the invention reached values as high as 0.095, a value which is considerably higher than the 40 values found for the hydrocarbons mentioned above. As a result, it was found that the product according to the invention is even better than the hydrogenated linear dimer of a-methylstyrene, which is currently the best synthetic traction fluid on the market.

In addition to the traction coefficient and oxidation stability, the mechanical power transmission material is required to have a pour point or freezing point of at least -10 ° C and a viscosity at 40 ° C under atmospheric pressure of preferably 7 to 150 cSt .

50

Viscosity pour point

(cSt) at 40 ° C

To perform the test, the central and outer rollers were first set to rotate at a fixed speed, then a load was applied to these rollers, and then the rotational speed of the outer rollers was increased while keeping the central roller constant so that a slip / roll ratio was induced to allow the continuous measurement of the change in friction torque or the traction coefficient. The friction

55 o-Tercyclohexyl m-Tercyclohexyl p-Tercyclohexyl Mixture of m- and p-tercyclohexyl

60

30th

Tricyclohexylmethane -1,1,3-tricyclohexylpropane about 2500

or freezing point (° C)

45 63 162

Crystal deposition at room temperature 59

65 As can be clearly seen from the above information, the above connections are not suitable as a base oil for a material for mechanical power transmission.

648588

In addition, to ensure the stable operation of a traction device for a long period, it is necessary that the material for mechanical power transmission has good sealing properties. The following table shows the sealing properties of a composite material for mechanical power transmission

Base oil

Examples 1 and 4

using base oils with a suitable viscosity as a material and with relatively good traction properties.

The tests were carried out at 120 ° C. for 70 hours using nitrile rubber (Buna N) and acrylic rubber according to the method according to JIS K-6301.

hydrogenated a-methylstyrene dimer oil for traction gearboxes

rubber

property

Weight gain (%) Volume increase (%) Tensile strength (N / cm2-Kfg / cm2) Elongation (%)

Change in hardness (%) aniline point

Nitrile

acrylic

Nitrile

acrylic

rubber rubber rubber rubber

(Buna N)

(Buna N)

3.45

1.48

7.30

3.86

6.58

3.42

13.6

7.67

195

81

168

85

260

140

150

110

-6

0

-6

-1

85 ° C

The oil according to the invention can be used on its own; however, the addition of additives is a preferred embodiment.

In addition to the traction properties described above, the oil for use in traction transmissions must have properties that are normally expected from conventional lubricants, such as good oxidation resistance, resistance to the corrosive action of a viscosity index improver, abrasion resistance, rust resistance, swelling properties for rubber and ability to Suppression of foaming. Depending on the type of application, suitable additives, for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-para-cresol and other similar alkylphenols, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and other similar sulfur-phosphorus compounds, can be used as antioxidants, amines, Esters and metal salts as rust preventives, polymethacrylates as agents for improving the viscosity index and polymers of the silicone type as anti-foaming agents can be added. The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments. If parts or percentages are mentioned in the examples below and elsewhere, these relate to the weight, unless stated otherwise.

In the following examples, a composition which was suitable for use in traction transmissions was produced by adding 2,6-di-tert-butyl-para-cresol and zinc dialkyl to the oil according to the invention, for example hydrogenated dibenzyltoluene or a similar oil -dithio-phosphate was added as an antioxidant in each case in an amount of 0.5 wt .-%. This oil was subjected to the test for determining the traction coefficient under the above conditions, and then subjected to an oxidation test using a method described in paragraph 3.2 (Test method for the oxidation resistance of oil for internal combustion engines according to the Japanese industrial standard (JIS K-2514-1980) (Test method for the oxidation stability of lubricating oils)).

example 1

0.002 to 0.01 part of aluminum chloride was added to 3 parts of toluene. The mixture was heated to 70 ° C, after which 1 part of benzyl chloride was added, and then reacted for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was with

70 ° C

Washed water to remove the spent catalyst and then distilled to distill off the unreacted portion of the reactants. The dibenzyltoluene (mixture of isomers) thus obtained was transferred to an autoclave and subjected to hydrogenation in the presence of a nickel catalyst for 4 hours under an initial hydrogen pressure of 40 kg / cm 2 30 above atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 200 ° C. to give hydrogenated dibenzyltoluene (mixture of isomers ) to obtain. The general properties of this hydrogenated dibenzyltoluene are shown in Table 2. The results of the oxidation test are shown in Table 3-35. For comparison purposes, a commercially available hydrogenated linear dimer type α-methylstyrene for traction gear and an oil made from a naphthenic mineral oil were subjected to the same tests.

The oxidation test was carried out under the following conditions 40:

Amount of sample

temperature

Duration

45 oxidation catalyst

300 ml 165.5 ° C 72 h

Copper and iron

Example 2

0.001 to 0.005 mol of aluminum chloride was added to 4 mol of 1,1-diphenylethane. The mixture was heated to 60 ° C and reacted with 1 mole of benzyl chloride added for 20 minutes. Then the reaction mixture was washed with water to remove the spent catalyst and then distilled to remove unreacted portions of the reactants. The l- (benzylphenyl) -l-phenylethane isolated in the form of the isomer mixture was placed in an autoclave and hydrogenated in the presence of a nickel catalyst for 5 hours under an initial hydrogen pressure of 100 kg / cm 2 above atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 140 subjected to 170 ° C, whereby hydrogenated l- (benzylphenyl) -l-phenylethane (mixture of isomers) was obtained. The general properties of this reaction product are shown in Table 2.

This product 65 compounded in the above manner was tested for its traction coefficient and subjected to the oxidation test in accordance with paragraph 3.2 of JIS K-2514-1980. The results are shown in Table 3.

Example 3

Hydrogenated monoethyl-substituted 1- (benzylphenyl) -1-phenylethane, a mixture of compounds of the formulas below

CH

ch3-g

and

648 588

was obtained by reworking the procedure of Example 2, except that 4 moles of monoethyl-substituted 1,1-diphenylethane were used instead of 1,1-diphenylethane. The general properties of this reaction product are shown in Table 2. This product was compounded as above, tested for traction coefficient and subjected to the oxidation test described in paragraph 3.2 of JIS K-2514-1980. The results are shown in Table 3 i5.

Table 2

General properties property

Density (15/4 ° C)

Appearance

Viscosity (cSt) (40 ° C) Viscosity (cSt) (100 ° C) Pour point (pour point) (° C) Flash point (° C) Hydrogenation rate (%)

Hydrogenated dibenzyl toluene

0.90

colorless, clear 66 5.8 -20 152 99

Hydrogenated l- (benzylphenyl) -1-phenylethane

0.90

colorless, clear 106.5 7.6 - 20 max.

98

Hydrogenated monoethyl-substituted 1- (benzylphenyl) -1-phenylethane

0.89

colorless, clear 616.5 14.5

- 20 max.

98

Table 3

Traction coefficient and result of the oxidation test test object

Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Hydrogenated linear a-methylstyrene dimer oil for traction gearboxes

Naphthenic oil

Traction coefficient oxidation test:

Viscosity ratio *

Increase in total acid number (mg KOH / g)

components insoluble in heptane after

Oxidation test (% by weight) 0.12 0.15 018 * Viscosity after the oxidation test / initial viscosity

Example 4

0.001 to 0.005 part of aluminum chloride was added to 5 parts of diphenyl. The mixture was heated to 70 ° C and then with a portion of benzyl chloride added for 20 min.

implemented long. The reaction mixture was washed with water to remove the spent catalyst and then distilled to drive off unreacted portions of the reactants. The benzyldiphenyl (a mixture of isomers) formed was placed in an autoclave with a capacity of 11 and hydrogenated in the presence of a nickel catalyst under an initial hydrogen pressure of 100 kg / cm 2 above atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 140 to 170 ° C for 2 hours, with hydrogenation Obtained benzyldiphenyl (in the form of a mixture of isomers) and

0.094

0.09

0.09

0.09

0.05

1.08

1.10

1.08

1.20

8.24

0.06

0.10

0.08

0.40

3.7

0.28

5.72

so was. The general properties of this hydrogenated benzyl diphenyl are shown in Table 4.

This product was compounded in the manner described above with 0.5% by weight of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-para-cresol and 0.5% by weight of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate as an antioxidant and the test the traction coefficient and the oxidation test according to paragraph 3.2 of JIS K-2514-1980. The results shown in Table 5 were obtained.

60 Example 5

Hydrogenated benzyl monoethyl diphenyl, a mixture of the compounds of the following formulas q_ch;

648 588 10

was removed by reworking the residual sulfuric acid described in Example 4 and then distilled

Procedure, except that 5 parts of monoethylated to make 1- (cyclohexylphenyl) -1-phenylethane (in the form of

diphenyl and 0.03 part of aluminum chloride were used to isolate a mixture of the structural isomers). Then was received. The general properties of this reaction product, 111- (cyclohexylphenyl) -1-phenylethane in the autoclave

products are shown in Table 4. After this product was placed in 5 and hydrogenated under the initial hydrogen pressure of in the presence of a nickel catalyst as described above, the traction coefficient was checked to be 100 kg / cm 2 above atmospheric pressure and temperature

Product subjected to the oxidation test, which in paragraph from 140 to 170 ° C for 2 hours, wherein

3.2 of the regulation JIS K-2514-1980. The hydrogenated 1- (diphenylyl) -1-phenylethane (as a mixture of the results are shown in Table 5. 10 structural isomers) was obtained. The general properties of this hydrogenation product are in Table 4

Example 6 shown.

11 cyclohexylbenzene and 200 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid were added to a reaction vessel and the mixture obtained for this hydrogenation product was kept at 15.degree. C. for this hydrogenation product. Then suitable material was produced during 15 shoots. This material was added dropwise to a mixture of cyanide testing the traction coefficient and the oxidation-clohexylbenzene and styrene in a ratio of 1: 1 for 2 hours to test according to paragraph 3.2 of the specification JIS K-2514-1980 and the mixture obtained while the temperature is thrown. The result of the mixture shown in Table 5 was kept in the range from 15 to 20 ° C. se received.

After the dropwise addition was completed, 200 ml of 20

concentrated sulfuric acid was added, and the reaction was -Example 7

de for another 30 minutes. Then the hydrogenated 1 - (ethyldiphenylyl) -1-phenylethane, a

Reaction mixture washed repeatedly with water to mix from compounds of the formulas was obtained by reworking the product obtained described in Example 6 are shown in Table 4. This product procedure received, with the modification that 11 Mo- was tested after the compounding given above, in Hin-noethyldiphenyl instead of cyclohexylbenzene and 800 ml with a view to the traction coefficient and was

a mixture of monoethyl diphenyl and styrene in the process after the oxidation test, which is described in paragraph 3.2 ratio 1: 1 instead of the mixture of cyclohexylbenzene and the specification JIS K-2514-1980. The result styrene were used. The general properties of the se are shown in Table 5.

Table 4

General properties

Property hydrogenated hydrogenated hydrogenated

Benzyldiphenylbenzyl-mono- (diphenylyl) -

ethyl diphenyl 1-phenylethane

Density (15/4 ° C) 0.95 0.93 0.93

Appearance colorless, clear colorless, clear colorless, clear

Viscosity (cSt) (40 ° C) 41.2 68.9 80.2

Viscosity (cSt) (100 ° C) 4.9 6.5 7.0

Pour point (pour point +) (° C) -15-20 max. —20 max.

Hydrogenation rate (%) 98 98 98

hydrogenated 1- (ethyldiphenylyl) -1-phenylethane

0.93 '

colorless, clear 201 10.5

-17.5 max. 98

Table 5

Traction coefficient and result of the oxidation test

Test Item Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7

hydrogenated linear a-methylstyrene dimer oil for traction gears

Naphthenic oil

Traction coefficient

0.095

0.09

0.09

0.09

0.09

0.05

Oxidation test:

Viscosity ratio

1.06

1.10

1.08

1.08

1.20

8.24

Increase in total

acid number (mg KOH / g)

0.06

0.08

0.08

0.06

0.40

3.7

insoluble in heptane

Components after

the oxidation test

(% By weight)

0.15

0.20

0.18

0.15

0.28

5.72

Example 8

Dodecylbenzene, which was obtained by reacting propylene tetramer with benzene, was placed in an autoclave and hydrogenated in the presence of a nickel catalyst under an initial hydrogen pressure of 50 kg / cm 2 above atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 150 ° C for 4 Submitted for hours to produce alkyl cyclohexane. A traction gear oil was obtained by mixing 50 parts by volume of this alkylcyclohexane with 50 parts by volume of the hydrogenated dibenzyltoluene obtained in Example 1 and mixing in 0.5% by weight based on the amount of the mixture of each of the compounds 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-para-cresol and zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate are prepared in the mixture. This fluid was tested for traction coefficient and subjected to the oxidation test in accordance with paragraph 3.2 of regulation JIS K-2514-1980. The results of the test are shown in Table 6 along with the general properties.

Example 9

By following the procedure described in Example 8, an oil for traction transmission was produced from 50 parts by volume of the alkylcyclohexane obtained in Example 8 and 50 parts by volume of the hydrogenated benzyl diphenyl prepared in Example 4. The fluid was then subjected to the tests described in Example 8. The results are shown in Table 6.

11

Viscosity (cSt) (40 ° C) 20.2 17.5 Viscosity (cSt) (100 ° C) 3.4 3.1 Pour point (pour point) (° C) -37.5 -35 5 Flash point (° C) 150 150 hydrogenation rate (%) 98 98

648 588

Table 6

A II common characteristics

property

Dense (15/4 ° C) appearance

Example 8 Example 9

0.88

colorless,

clear

0.87

colorless,

clear

Traction coefficient and result of the oxidation test xo test object Example 8 Example 9

Traction coefficient 0.086 oxidation test:

Viscosity ratio 1.08 increase in total acid number (mg KOH / g) 0.07

components insoluble in heptane after the oxidation test (% by weight) 0.15

0.088

1.07

0.05

0.13

20th

As shown in the examples, by adding dodecylcyclohexane, materials with much lower viscosities and much lower pour points 25 were obtained without significantly affecting the traction coefficient or the oxidation resistance.

It can be seen that the invention is not restricted to the exact exemplary statements, but that the compositions, methods or processes described can be subjected to numerous modifications and variations.

C.

Claims (10)

648 588 2nd 1. Power transmission material containing a hydrocarbon oil mixed with a small amount of an antioxidant, characterized in that the hydrocarbon oil has 19 to 30 carbon atoms and 3 six-membered carbocyclic rings and a mixture of compounds of the following formula r " represents in which R1 represents a divalent straight-chain or branched radical of the formula CyH2y, in which y represents an integer from 1 to 3, R2 represents a straight-chain radical CzH2z, in which z represents an integer from 1 to 3, R3, R4 and R5 mean identical or different alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, 1, m and n each represent an integer from 0 to 3 and x represents 0 or 1 and in which rings A and B represent hydrogenated benzene rings and ring C represents a hydrogenated benzene ring when x is 1 and represents a hydrogenated benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring when x is 0, the hydrogenated benzene rings being saturated to a degree of at least 80% but less than 100% of theory with hydrogen. 2. Power transmission material according to claim 1, characterized in that the benzene rings are at least 95% saturated. 3. Power transmission material according to claim 1, characterized in that x in formula (I) has a value of 1. 4. Power transmission material according to claim 3, characterized in that the hydrocarbon oil contains or comprises hydrogenated 1- (benzylphenyl) -l-phenylethane which has 0 to 2 methyl substituents and 0 to 2 ethyl substituents. 5. Power transmission material according to claim 3, characterized in that the hydrogenated hydrocarbon oil contains or comprises hydrogenated dibenzylbenzene which has 0 to 2 methyl substituents and 0 to 2 ethyl substituents. (I) 6. Power transmission material according to claim 5, characterized in i5 that x in formula (I) is 0. 7. Power transmission material according to claim 6, characterized in that the hydrocarbon oil contains or comprises hydrogenated benzyldiphenyl which contains 0 to 2 methyl substituents and 0 to 2 ethyl substituents. Has 20 tuenten. 8. Power transmission material according to claim 6, characterized in that the hydrocarbon oil contains or comprises hydrogenated 1-diphenyl-l-phenylethane, the 0 to one 25 finally has 2 methyl substituents and 0 to 2 inclusive ethyl substituents. 9. Power transmission material according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally per 100 parts by weight of the hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons up to 100 parts by weight 3o contains alkylcyclohexane, whose alkyl group has 9 to 20 carbon atoms. 10. Method for operating traction transmissions with an area in which point or line contact takes place between rolling solid bodies, in which the contact 35 cycle range is lubricated with a hydrocarbon oil mixed with a small amount of an antioxidant, characterized in that one uses a hydrocarbon oil with 19 to 30 carbon atoms and 3 six-membered carbocyclic rings, which consists of a mixture 40 of compounds of the formula below (rj) y r " (I) in which R1 is a divalent straight-chain or branched radical of the formula CyH2y, in which y is an integer from 1 to 3, R2 is a straight-chain radical CzH2z, in which z is an integer from 1 to 3, R3, R4 and R5 are the same or represent different alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, 1, m and n each represent an integer from 0 to 3 and x represents 0 or 1 and in which the rings A and B represent hydrogenated benzene rings and ring C represents a hydrogenated benzene ring, when x is 1 and represents a hydrogenated benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring, if x is 0, the hydrogenated benzene rings being saturated to a degree of at least 80% but less than 100% of theory with hydrogen.