CH643437A5 - METHOD FOR RECYCLING GUELLES, ESPECIALLY PIGGUELLES. - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for recycling manure, i.e. of liquid stable fertilizers from large-scale livestock breeding, especially pig manure.

In the case of large-scale livestock breeding, the problem of treating and recycling waste is being reported in a form that is concentrated in a territorial area and that has changed significantly compared to individual livestock farming. In the case of agricultural businesses that deal with livestock farming to a large extent, there is the advantage that the mechanized collection and removal of the waste, especially the manure, forms an integral part of the operating equipment from the outset, so that this waste is added continuously, in regular quantities Treatment serving operating part can be supplied. The methods of treating these wastes that were customary up to now were particularly determined by the aspects of environmental protection: the primary goal was to avoid the accumulation of decaying wastes that entail the risk of infections. The demands placed on these methods and the technical level of the treatment methods have undergone significant further development over time. In the simplest case, the decomposable materials were fed into a conventional wastewater treatment plant, from which purified water and a stable sewage sludge could then be obtained as products of the treatment; the waste sludge should be usable for fertilization.

With liquid manure, however, due to the high content of organic substances, no be

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peaceful results have been achieved and therefore attempts have been made to relieve the wastewater treatment plants by first filtering the manure before clarification and thus separating a product corresponding to the consistency of the usual natural fertilizer; only the liquid filtrate was then fed to the biological sewage treatment plant (cf. Hungarian patent application TA-1384).

As a further development of this method, it was also proposed to treat the filtrate obtained above with a coagulating agent instead of the biological clarification; the organic precipitate thus obtained by chemical treatment could then be mixed into the solid organic fertilizer separated off by filtration, while the liquid part, which now consisted only of water, could practically be discarded (Hungarian patent application EE-2431).

However, the concentrated or stabilized organic product obtained in the above manner could only be used for fertilization to a limited extent, since on the one hand it could only be adapted to the technology of large-scale agricultural production with difficulty and on the other hand the economic viability of this utilization was rather questionable; For this reason, various attempts have been made to use this organic material more economically, especially for use in feeding animals. An earlier example of such attempts was the method proposed in US Pat. No. 3,950,562 to mix the organic solids remaining after the removal of the inorganic salts and the precipitable part of the dissolved proteins with fresh feed and to use them for feeding animals.

It is also possible to reuse the organic materials of the manure in modified form for feeding animals, but this can only be regarded as a rather primitive method of utilization, since on the one hand the digestibility of these originally undigested organic residues is apparently lower and on the other hand theirs Feeding back can also lead to the risk of spreading infectious diseases in animals.

It is also known that organic substances of sufficiently complex structure can be fermentatively converted into good quality proteins. The organic substances are assimilated by the bacteria and the so-called biomass obtained by multiplying the bacteria can be used as a complete feed.

A significant proportion of the organic matter in the wastewater is also incorporated into bacterial bodies in the traditional wastewater treatment processes; for example the digested sludge of the aerated biological waste water purification in protein content is considerably enriched compared to the starting waste materials. According to the Czechoslovakian patent specification PV 3919-74, pig manure is mixed with municipal wastewater for better treatability and thus supplied to aerated biological clarification; the sludge obtained should be used to feed animals.

The processing of manure by fermentation in a narrower sense has also been the subject of years of experimentation. This was a very difficult task, and after the initial failures, very different ways of overcoming the difficulties were proposed.

According to the US patent, the liquid manure was inoculated with cultures of Bacterium enteromyces and Bac-terium thermocellulyticus cultures and the fermentation was carried out by the addition of surface-active agents and by mechanical foaming, with aeration in the foam phase.

German patent specification DBP 2 535 296 describes a combined process in which good quality water and bacterial proteins free from disease-causing microorganisms are obtained: the manure is treated with neutral protease, then inoculated with larger amounts of a hypomycete culture and with the addition of starch sweetened with amylase, fermented with aeration, and finally the fermentation product is subjected to a second fermentation after inoculation with an Ascomycetes culture and after the addition of further nutrients and trace elements.

The raw manure is also made fermentable according to DT-PS 2 609 256 by enzymatic hydrolysis. The solid part of the hydrolyzate is discarded as waste and the liquid part is subjected to aerated bacterial fermentation to obtain a biomass.

According to US Pat. No. 3,973,043, the manure diluted with water is fed to an anaerobic fermentation process, methane gas being obtained from the fermentation and nitrogen gas being passed through the fermentation liquid during the process. The fermentation is carried out in one or two stages, and the solid obtained can be used to improve the soil. The supernatant liquid obtained when the solid is separated off is fed into an aerobic fermentor, where biomass which can be used as animal feed is produced in a further fermentation. No vaccine cultures are used in this procedure.

According to the two-stage, automatically controlled process described in the GDR patent 128 067, the solids are separated from the manure, the liquid part is treated in a ventilated sewage treatment plant, the sludge obtained is separated again, and the liquid is calculated on the basis of continuously carried out nitrogen determinations and metered amounts of methanol, further mixed with phosphate and other salts and thus subjected to a further aerated fermentation. The biomass obtained from this second fermentation is used as animal feed, while the water that flows off when the biomass is separated is fed into a wastewater treatment plant.

However, the original task of obtaining feed proteins of suitable quality from the manure in a simple manner and thus at the same time eliminating the difficulties in accommodating or destroying organic waste is not satisfactorily achieved by any of these known processes. The simple volume-reducing or solids-separating processes only deliver products that are suitable for fertilization at most; The methods of biological waste water treatment cannot process the high content of organic matter in the manure. The separation of a part of the solids or the dilution of the slurry with municipal waste water only provides partial solutions without getting closer to the actual goal.

In the various known fermentation processes, useful products could only be achieved by several process stages (enzymatic degradation, subsequent fermentation, or repeated fermentation with other microorganisms or combination of anaerobic and aerobic fermentation); In addition, separations for separating the solids often have to be carried out between the individual process stages, which again causes the problem of storing the waste as a further difficulty.

The fermentation in foam phase with mixed culture described in US Pat. No. 3,878,303 leads directly to the desired product, but has the aftermath 5

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partly that the inoculated fermentation must be carried out under sterile conditions, with a lot of ventilation, in a foam generator with a high number of revolutions, so that an overly sophisticated technical solution is used here with regard to the local conditions and the value of the product.

The aim of the present invention was to find such a solution for recycling slurry, in which the entire amount of slurry is converted into a product which is harmless from the point of view of hygiene and environmental protection, and thereby a part of the product as one of the valuable organic and inorganic substances the manure is to be obtained in a concentrated form, containing the hygienic requirements in full, no disease-causing, feed that can be used directly for feeding the animals.

The present invention is based on the knowledge that the liquid manure, by heat treatment at at least 80 ° C, becomes one for the multiplication of useful bacteria, among other things. suitable nutrient medium can be made from methanol-utilizing bacteria; one can use the manure subjected to such heat treatment as a breeding ground for the fermentative production of protein-rich biomass. Such a heat treatment kills the pathogenic bacteria originally present in the manure, while the high-molecular components of the manure are brought into a form that is more suitable for enzymatic degradation. If the protein-producing fermentation is carried out with such a heat-treated liquid manure, a protein-rich product which is more suitable for animal feeding and has a substantially more stable composition is obtained, the composition of the bacterial flora of the fermentation being able to be kept in equilibrium by the addition of methanol.

A further finding that also made a significant contribution to the present invention was that the very complex nutrients present in the manure can only be broken down and incorporated into the bacterial bodies in which the bacteria that break down the high molecular weight substances of the feed residues, and the bacteria utilizing the intermediate products and converting them into bacterial proteins are present. Such mixed bacterial cultures can be obtained from the digested sludge from the urban sewage treatment system, as well as from the heat-treated manure itself, by suitable treatment of these substances.

On the basis of the findings described above, the method according to the invention for recycling manure for the fermentative production of biomass that can be used as animal feed was developed, which consists in a) heating the liquid manure to at least 80 ° C., advantageously to 95 to 105 ° C., and then cooling to a maximum of 40 ° C, for example up to 30-40 ° C, is subjected to a heat treatment,

b) produces a nutrient medium from part of the heat-treated liquid manure by adding organic nutrients, and optionally inorganic salts and / or precursors of water-soluble vitamins,

c) the nutrient medium prepared in the above manner contains an alcohol containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, especially methanol, and a digested sludge containing organic impurities, especially a digested sludge originating from urban wastewater treatment, and optionally a portion of the manure heat-treated in the above manner Fermenting this mixture produces an inoculum

d) inoculating the heat-treated manure with the inoculum produced in the above manner and an alcohol containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, especially methanol, and optionally a nutrient medium or other nutrients,

s and this mixture is fermented at 26 to 38 ° C,

e) the biomass formed by the fermentation from the fermentation liquid in a manner known per se, optionally with the addition of coagulants, advantageously from aluminum hydroxide formed in statu nascendi,

lo separates and dries.

In the manufacture of the inoculum, it is expedient to work in such a way that the mixture of heat-treated manure, bio-substances (ie various nutrients such as yeast hydrolyzate, molasses, beef liver) and inorganic salts, first of all methanol and digested sludge, is added during the course Repeat the addition of the mentioned nutrients to the fermentation several times until the nutrient consumption does not reach the desired optimal speed due to the multiplication of the desired bacteria.

Since the composition and especially the nitrogen content of the manure can fluctuate between certain limits depending on the feeding of the animals, it is in some cases - especially if the ammonium nitrogen content does not meet the minimum value of 2000 mg / 1 desired from the point of view of nutrient medium production achieved - advantageous, the nitrogen content of the nutrient medium produced from the manure by adding nitrogen-containing inorganic salts, for example of ammonium carbonate or 30 ammonium hydrogen phosphate to supplement accordingly.

In the practical implementation of the method according to the invention, the following procedure is expediently carried out:

First, an inoculum culture is made from a portion of the slurry, which is kept at 95-100 ° C for about 10 minutes and then cooled to 30 to 40 ° C. Biosubstances (organic nutrients, such as yeast hydrolyzate, etc.) are added to the portion of the heat-treated slurry. Molasses, beef liver), inorganic salts (e.g. Ma-40 magnesium chloride) and methanol are added, the nutrient medium obtained in this way is mixed with fresh rotten foam and fermented at about 32-35 ° C., the methanol used by the microorganisms being replaced by daily addition of methanol becomes. After about a week 45, part of the fermentation liquid is then removed and replaced by further heat-treated manure and other nutrients. The inoculum-producing fermentation is then continued at the same temperature, with further daily addition of methanol, the removal of part of the fermentation medium and the addition of further heat-treated manure and further nutrients repeated once a week; After about five weeks, the inoculum culture required for in-house fermentation is then ready for use.

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The main part of the heat-treated and if necessary adjusted to pH = 6.5 to 6.8 by adding acid is then inoculated with the inoculum and fermented at 32 to 35 ° C. The fermentation is carried out continuously or semi-continuously, with regular addition of further heat-treated liquid manure and other nutrients and simultaneous removal of now ready-to-use fermentation liquid, the methanol content of the fermentation medium being between 0.04 and 0 during the entire fermentation by daily addition of methanol , 8% is held. It is advisable to constantly check the pH of the medium during the fermentation and to keep it between 6.5 and 6.8,

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since exceeding the value pH = 7.0 has no favorable influence on the fermentation process.

From the finished fermentation liquid taken in portions or continuously, the biomass produced which can be used as animal feed is separated in a manner known per se, by decanting, centrifuging, filtering, etc. and is likewise dried in the customary manner. The biomass can be separated by the addition of non-toxic flocculants, e.g. of aluminum hydroxide produced in situ from a water-soluble aluminum salt and an inorganic base.

The fermentation can be carried out with or without aeration of the medium. The composition of the microorganism flora which forms during the fermentation is largely influenced by the fact whether one works with or without aeration. In the case of aerated fermentation, the rate of multiplication of the bacteria is also much greater and, accordingly, the nutrient medium must also be supplied to the fermentation medium in substantially larger quantities or at a greater rate.

If the fermentation is carried out without aeration, the methane-producing bacteria predominantly multiply; the methane produced by these bacteria displaces the air from the air space of the fermenter, so that the fermentation proceeds essentially under anaerobic conditions. Under such circumstances, the fermentation is much slower and also requires correspondingly slower nutrient supply. However, this embodiment of the fermentation has the advantage that the methane produced for heat generation, for. B. can be used to heat the heat exchanger and dryer required in the device used to carry out the method according to the invention.

The inventive method also offers the possibility that during the fermentation with the nutrient also precursors of water-soluble vitamins, especially vitamin B12 and vitamin E, e.g. B. benzimidazole derivatives and / or pimelic acid, added in small amounts to the fermentation medium so as to obtain a vitamin-enriched biomass for feeding purposes.

A device which is suitable and preferred for carrying out the method according to the invention is essentially composed of containers, fermenters, heat exchangers, separators, pumps and pipelines connecting these elements; the main components of this device are the following: a heat exchanger suitable for heating and cooling the raw liquid manure and connected to the fermenters by pipelines, a suitable for the production of the inoculum, provided with a smaller tube with the direct supply of digested sludge, allowing a direct supply of digested sludge, at least one Larger, suitable for carrying out the actual fermentation, with the smaller fermenter and with the other elements of the device connected by pipeline and a separator connected to the larger fermenter (s) by pipeline, including storage tanks, pumps for conveying the liquids, Stirrers and similar auxiliary devices known per se and customary in such devices are added.

An expedient embodiment of this device is shown schematically in FIG. 1, where, in addition to the components of the device and the pipelines, the direction of the liquid flow taking place in the individual pipelines is also indicated, so that the technological process can also be clearly seen. The structure and function of this device is explained below using this illustration:

The pipe 2 is used to introduce the manure to be processed into the tank 1. The tank 1 is connected to the centrifugal pump 4 by the pipe 3; the pressure pipe 5 emerging from the latter leads to the heat exchanger 6, which consists of the heater unit 7 and the cooler unit 8. The heater unit 7 can be heated by the steam feed line 9.

The slurry is introduced through the pipeline 5 into the heat exchanger unit 8, passed through the pipe 10 into the heat exchanger unit 7, from here through the pipe 11 to the heat exchanger unit 8 and then through the pipeline 12 into the Container 13 continued. The pipeline leads from the container 13 to the centrifugal pump 15; the pressure pipe 16 of this pump leads into the fermentor 17, but the pipe 16 is also connected to the inoculum fermentor 27 by a branch 16a. Acid can also be introduced into the container 13 to correct the pH of the raw manure.

The nutrient tank 19 is housed in a shaft 22; the liquid manure can be introduced into this container through the pipeline 53 and the additional nutrients through the pipeline 18. The outlet pipe 20 of the container 19 leads to the centrifugal pump 21, the pressure pipe 23 of which also leads to the fermentor 17 and a branch 23a thereof to the inoculum fermentor 27. Two further pipelines lead to this inoculum fermentor: the digested sludge can be fed through the pipeline 52 and methanol can be fed from the methanol tank 24 through the branch pipe 26a of the pressure pipe 26 to the centrifugal pump 25. Incidentally, the pressure pipe 26 of the methanol pump 25 leads to the fermentor 17, where the pipeline 28-30 coming from the inoculum fermentor 27 via the centrifugal pump 29 also opens. A branch 53 also leads from the pipeline 16 to the nutrient container 19, so that the heat-treated manure can also be supplied to the nutrient container 19.

The pipe 31 emerging from the upper part of the fermenter 17 serves to discharge the biogas produced in the fermentor, while the liquid fermentation product flows through the pipe 32 emerging from the lower part of the fermenter 17 via the centrifugal pump 33 and the further pipe 34 into the container 35 can be directed. This container 35 is also connected to the separator 39 by the pipeline 36, centrifugal pump 37 and further pipeline 38. The super-natant liquid can be discharged from the separator 39 through the pipeline 40 into the channel 41 and e.g. be used for irrigating arable land, while the concentrate obtained in the separator 39 is fed through the pipeline 42 into the concentrate container 43. The pipeline leads from the concentrate container 43 to the centrifugal pump 45, the pressure pipe 46 of which opens into the spray dryer 48; from the latter the vapors can escape through the tube 49 at the top, while the dried product can be taken off through the tube 50 at the bottom.

The contents of the containers 1, 13, 35 and 42, as well as the fermenter 17 and the inoculum fermentor 27 can be stirred with the usual structure using the stirrers 51.

In the various containers or pipelines, sliding closures or similar equipment known per se are arranged at the appropriate locations and in a corresponding number; these have not been shown in Figure 1 for the sake of clarity, but their arrangement and function are obvious to the person skilled in the art without further explanation.

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With the aid of the device shown schematically in Figure 1, the manure from large-scale cattle breeding plants can be processed in the following way:

The manure introduced into the tank 1 via the pipeline 2 is passed on to the heat exchanger 6 by the centrifugal pump 4 via the pressure pipe 5; here the slurry in units 7 and 8 is first heated to at least 80 ° C, advantageously to 95 to 105 ° C, held at this temperature for a short time, about 10 minutes, and then cooled to 30 to 40 ° C. As a result of this heat treatment, the organic matter in the manure is denatured and partially broken down, which significantly increases its usability as a nutrient; at the same time the number of living bacteria in the manure is reduced by orders of magnitude, the ability of the surviving bacteria to multiply is greatly reduced, the pathogenic bacteria being completely destroyed. Thus, the heat treatment described not only prevents the spread of infections by the pathogenic bacteria present in the manure, but also creates the conditions for the useful bacteria subsequently introduced by the inoculation to multiply and have a decisive effect in the fermentation .

After the heat treatment, the pH of the slurry is corrected to 6.5 to 6.8, if necessary, and the slurry cooled to 30 to 40 ° C. is passed on to the container 13 and from here with the aid of the centrifugal pump 15 via the Pipelines 16 and their branch 16a promoted in the inoculum fermentor 27. During this time, the further part of the pipeline 16 leading to the fermentor 17 is closed behind the branch 16a.

From the tank 19, the nutrient medium is fed into the inoculum fermentor 27 with the help of the centrifugal pump 21, via the pressure pipe 23 and its branch 23a, and fresh digested sludge coming from the urban wastewater treatment plant and then from the methanol tank 24 are then also carried through the pipeline 52 With the help of the centrifugal pump 25, the inoculum fermenter 27 is fed via the pipeline 26 and its branch 26a methanol. The other parts of the pipelines 23 and 26 leading to the fermentor 17 are closed behind the branches 23a and 26a.

In the inoculum fermentor 27, the liquids introduced in the above manner are thoroughly mixed using the stirrers 51 and the mixture is fermented at 32 to 35 ° C. for several days; During the fermentation further amounts of methanol are added to the fermentation liquid.

The fermentation liquid obtained in the above manner can be inoculated several times in the inoculum fermentor 27, in such a way that a part, e.g. Vs of the finished fermentation liquid is withdrawn and the remaining Vs part is mixed with further heat-treated liquid manure, further nutrient medium and methanol. The entire fermentation liquid obtained in this way in the inoculum fermentor 27 is then used as an inoculum for inoculating the actual fermentation of the heat-treated manure.

For this purpose, a certain amount of the manure heat-treated in the heat exchanger 6 in the manner described above is fed through the pipeline 16 into the fermenter 17; at the same time, nutrient medium is introduced from the container 19 via the pipeline 23 and from the inoculum fermentor 27 via the pipeline 28-30 inoculum into the fermentor 17. The fermentation mixture obtained in this way is then used for a certain period of time, e.g. several days, fermented at 32 to 35 ° C; during this time, methanol is introduced into the fermentor 17 from the methanol container 24 via the pipeline 26.

5 If the fermentation is carried out in a semi-continuous manner, at the end of the above-mentioned multi-day period of fermentation, if the fermentation liquid already has the properties required for further processing, a certain part of the content from the fermentor 17 in regular time intervals (e.g. 10% of the content daily) with the help of the centrifugal pump 33 via the pipeline 34 into the container 35 and at the same time a quantity of slurry, nutrient medium and Me-15 ethanol corresponding to the withdrawn part of the fermentor content was fed into the fermentor 17. A coagulant can be added to the removed fermentation liquid in order to facilitate the separation to be carried out in the next process step; a statu nascendi in the fermentation liquid from an aluminum salt, e.g. made of aluminum sulfate with an inorganic base, e.g. Alumina precipitate generated with sodium hydroxide solution can be used for this purpose.

The fermentation liquid is conveyed from the container 35 to the separator 39 by means of the centrifugal pump 37 via the pipeline 25 36-38; here it is separated into concentrate (biomass) and supernatant liquid. The supernatant liquid is discharged through the pipe 40 into the channel 41 and can, for. B. used for irrigation of arable land. The biomass 30 is transported by means of the centrifugal pump 45 via the pipeline 46 into the spray dryer 48 and is dried there by atomization; the moisture is drawn off through the pipeline 49, while the dried product can be removed through the pipe 50. 35 The process according to the invention is illustrated in more detail by the examples below; however, the invention is in no way limited to the content of these examples.

40 Example 1

This example describes the processing of a manure containing 2100 mg / liter ammonium nitrogen into biomass. Figure 2 shows the material turnover diagram of the process described in this example.

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A. Production of the inoculum From the container 1, 150 m3 of pig manure (dry matter content 1.2% by weight) are fed to the heat exchanger 6 and heated there to 100 ° C., held at this temperature for 10 minutes, then to 30 ° C cooled and transported to container 13 (volume 150 m3). From here, the slurry is pumped into the inoculum fermentor 27 (volume 250 m3).

A nutrient medium is prepared in the nutrient medium mixing container 19 (volume 25 55 m3) by mixing the following components:

25 m3 heat-treated liquid manure 20 kg magnesium chloride 100 kg yeast hydrolyzate 60 10 kg liver (for technical purposes)

400 kg molasses

10 m3 of the heat-treated liquid manure located in the inoculum fermentor 27 are added from this culture medium; 52.40 m3 of fresh anaerobic digested sludge are then introduced through the pipeline and 800 kg of methanol are also introduced into the inoculum fermentor 27 from the methanol tank 24 (volume 100 m3). Here the registered liquids are mixed together and that

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Mixture (about 200 m3) fermented at 32-35 ° C for seven days. During this time, a further 1600 kg of methanol are added in portions to the mixture fermenting in the inoculum fermentor 27.

On the seventh day of the fermentation, 160 m3 of fermentation liquid are withdrawn from the inoculum fermentor and a further 150 m3 of heat-treated liquid manure are added to the remaining part of the fermentation liquid (40 m3), further a further 10 m3 of nutrient medium from the container 19 and a further 800 kg of methanol from the methanol container 24 . The contents of the fermenter 27 are mixed and fermented again at 32 to 35 ° C. for 7 days. During this time, a further 2500 kg of methanol are added to the fermentation liquid in portions.

This inoculation process is repeated three times in the same way, with a total of 4800 kg of methanol being fed into the inoculum fermentor 27 during the entire fermentation time of 5 weeks. On the last day of this five-week period, the entire amount of the main fermentation which is actually producing the desired biomass is already available.

B. Main fermentation a) Enrichment of the bacterial flora in the fermentation medium

On the last day of the five-week period of inoculum production, 800 m3 of liquid manure are subjected to heat treatment in the heat exchanger 6 in the manner already described and then passed on to the fermenter 17 (volume 1000 m3). In the meantime, a nutrient medium is prepared from the following components in container 19: 20 m3 of heat-treated manure 100 kg of magnesium chloride 200 kg of yeast hydrolyzate 200 kg of liver 2000 kg of molasses

This nutrient medium (about 20 m3) and 200 m3 of inoculum from the inoculum fermentor 27 are also conveyed into the fermentor 17 and mixed there with the heat-treated slurry already there; the fermentation mixture obtained in this way (approx. 1000 m3) is fermented in the fermentor 17 at 32 to 35 ° C. for seven days. During this time, a total of 24,000 kg of methanol are added to the fermentation medium in portions.

b) Producing fermentation

On the seventh day of the enrichment fermentation described above, the process is switched to semi-continuous mode of operation in such a way that 10% of the fermentation liquid (100 m3) is withdrawn from the fermentor 17 every day and conveyed to the container 35 for further processing; the liquid removed in this way is replaced in the fermentor 17 by 80 m3 of heat-treated liquid manure. At the same time, 10 m3 of heat-treated liquid manure as well as 20 kg of yeast hydrolyzate, 200 kg of molasses, 10 kg of magnesium chloride and 20 kg of liver are mixed in the container 19 to form a nutrient medium and are likewise introduced into the fermentor 17; in addition, 400 kg of methanol are added to the fermentation liquid in fermentor 17 daily.

The removal of 100m3 of fermentation liquid from fermentor 17 and the addition of heat-treated manure, nutrient medium and methanol are repeated daily. In this way, the semi-continuous fermentation can be continued practically indefinitely.

The daily 100 m3 of fermentation liquids are collected in the container 35 and from there to the separator 39; Here the fermentation liquid (100 m3) entering with a dry matter content of 2% is divided into supernatant liquid (93.5 m3, dry matter content 0.43%) and concentrate (biomass, s 6.5 m3, dry matter content 25%). The supernatant liquid discharged via the channel 41 can be used to irrigate arable land while the biomass is being dried in the spray dryer 48. 1500 kg of dry biomass with a moisture content of 10% are obtained; this product can be used to feed animals or to produce feed premixes.

The composition of the product (calculated on dry substance):

raw proteins 70%

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Vitamin Bj

Vitamin B2

Vitamin B6

Cobamide coenzymes

Nicotinamide

Choline chloride

Biotin

Vitamin E.

Pantothenic acid

15 mcg / g 130 mcg / g 20 mcg / g 520 mcg / g 170 mcg / g 1200 mcg / g 8 mcg / g 250 mcg / g 52 mcg / g

Example 2

The procedure is as described in Example 1, with the difference that in the preparation of the inoculum, in the enrichment and in the main fermentation carried out in a semi-continuous manner, 5-hydroxy-benzimidazole is also used in addition to the constituents specified in Example 1 as a precursor and cobalt (II) chloride in the amounts specified below:

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Precursor

CoClo

Inoculum medium 1 kg 2 kg

Fermentation medium 5 kg 10 kg 40 medium for semi-continuous

Fermentation 1 kg 1 kg

The product obtained in this way has the following composition:

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raw proteins vitamin Bx vitamin B2 vitamin B6 cobamide coenzyme nicotinamide choline chloride biotin

75% 20 mcg / g 110 mcg / g 45 mcg / g 1500 mcg / g 145 mcg / g 1450 mcg / g 5 mcg / g

Example 3

55 The procedure is as described in Example 1, with the difference that a pig manure with 1500 mg / 1 ammonium nitrogen content is used as the starting material; accordingly, both in the production of inoculum and in the enrichment, as well as in the 60 semi-continuous main fermentation, so much ammonium hydrogen carbonate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate are added to the nutrient media that the slurry mixed with the nutrient medium has an ammonium nitrogen content of 2000 mg / 1 should show. Accordingly, the following amounts of ammonium salts are added to the substance amounts given in Example 1 (fermentation with 1000 m3 of liquid) in the individual process steps mentioned:

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Inoculum preparation:

Ammonium bicarbonate

400 kg

Diammonium hydrogen phosphate

100 kg

Enrichment:

Ammonium bicarbonate

2000 kg

Diammonium hydrogen phosphate

500 kg semi-continuous main fermentation:

Ammonium bicarbonate

200 kg

Diammonium hydrogen phosphate

50 kg

Example 4

This example describes the processing of a pig manure with 1500 mg / liter ammonium nitrogen content.

A. Preparation of the inoculum 4 liters of pig manure adjusted to pH 6.5-6.7 are boiled for 10 minutes, then cooled to 30 ° C. and the following additives are added:

7.5 g of diammonium hydrogenphosphate 2.5 g of ammonium sulfate 2.5 g of ammonium chloride 5 g of disodium hydrogenphosphate 5 g of magnesium chloride 10 g of potassium hydrogenphosphate 5 g of baker's yeast hydrolyzate The culture medium prepared in this way is mixed with 7 ml of methanol and added to an inoculum glass fermenter 101 Volume entered, in which 1 liter of fresh, anaerobic digested sludge from the municipal wastewater treatment plant was previously entered. After mixing the contents of the fermenter, an air stream with 1.5 vol./minute/Fermentor-Vol. Blown speed through the fermentor contents. The fermentation is continued for 24 hours at 34 ° C., the pH of the fermentation liquid being kept between 6 and 6.5 and corrected as required with 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. After 24 hours of fermentation, 4 liters of fermentation liquid are drawn off, so that 1 liter of inoculum remains in the glass fermentor.

B. Main fermentation a) Enrichment

To the 1 liter inoculum remaining in the fermentor, 4 liters of nutrient medium prepared in the above manner, and 7 ml of methanol are added from the heat-treated manure. After mixing the fermentor contents, fermentation is carried out at 34 ° C for 24 hours; During this time, a further 80 ml of methanol are added, so that the methanol concentration in the fermentation liquid should remain between 0.2 and 0.4% by volume.

b) Production fermentation

After the end of the second 24-hour fermentation period above, the fermentation is switched to continuous mode of operation in such a way that 0.25 liters of fermentation liquid are drawn off continuously per hour and replaced by the same amount of nutrient medium. This culture medium is produced in the following way.

3.2 g of diammonium hydrogenphosphate 1.0 g of ammonium sulfate 1.0 g of ammonium chloride, 5.2 g of potassium dihydrogenphosphate and 4 g of disodium hydrogenphosphate are added in 1 liter of liquid manure cooked at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes and then cooled to 30 ° C.

4 g magnesium chloride

4 g of yeast hydrolyzate dissolved. In addition to the continuous addition of this nutrient medium at a rate of 0.25 liters / hour, a total of 80 g of methanol are added to the fermentation liquid daily so that the methanol concentration of the fermentation liquid should remain between 0.2 and 0.4% by volume. During the continuous fermentation, the fermentation liquid kept at 34 ° C. is stirred at 400 rpm and aerated at 1.5 vol./vol./min airflow speed.

The total dry matter content of the continuously withdrawn fermentation liquid is 26 g / 1; 100 ml of concentrate (biomass) with 20% dry matter content and 900 ml of supernatant liquid with 0.63% dissolved dry matter content are obtained from 1 liter of fermentation liquid by centrifugal separation (800 rpm).

The biomass obtained is dried in a spray dryer; 19.5 g of dust-like product 20 with 10% moisture content are obtained in this way.

The composition of the product (calculated on the dry substance):

raw proteins 65% vitamins:

25 vitamin Bj 5 mcg / g

Vitamin B2 170 mcg / g

Vitamin B6 15 mcg / g

Nicotinamide 175 mcg / g

Example 5

The procedure is as described in Example 1, with the difference that the pH of the slurry (8.2) shifted to the alkaline range during the heat treatment is corrected after cooling to pH = 6.6 such that the cooled manure in the container 13 is mixed with the required amount (300 kg) of concentrated hydrochloric acid.

40 The entire material turnover diagram of this example is shown in Figure 3.

Inoculum production and fermentation (enrichment and production fermentation) are carried out in the manner described in Example 1. 1600 kg of 45 dry product with 10% moisture content are obtained; the product shows the following composition (calculated on dry substance):

raw proteins

71%

Vitamin Bj

18 mcg / g

Vitamin B2

170 mcg / g

Vitamin B6

25 mcg / g

Cobamide coenzymes

310 mcg / g

Nicotinamide

120 mcg / g

Choline chloride

1100 mcg / g

Biotin

11 mcg / g

Vitamin E.

185 mcg / g

Pantothenic acid

32 mcg / g

Example 6

The procedure is as described in Example 5, with the difference that the 100 m3 fermentation liquid withdrawn daily is treated in the following manner to facilitate separation:

400 kg of crystalline aluminum sulfate are dissolved in the container 19 in 2 m3 of water and this solution while stirring the 100 m3 of fermentation in the container 35

9

tion liquid added. 300 liters of 30% sodium hydroxide solution are then added. The fermentation liquid treated in this way, which has a pH of 6.3, is then fed to the separator 35.

After drying the separated biomass, 1710 kg of product with 10 moisture content are obtained daily; the product shows the following composition (calculated on dry substance);

643 437

raw proteins vitamin Bt vitamin B2 vitamin B6 cobamide coenzyme nicotinamide choline chloride biotin

62% 8.5 mcg / g 75.0 mcg / g 15.0 mcg / g 400.0 mcg / g 150.0 mcg / g 875.0 mcg / g 5.0 mcg / g s

3 sheets of drawings

Claims (18)

643 437 2nd PATENT CLAIMS 1. A process for recycling manure for the fermentative production of biomass that can be used as animal feed, characterized in that a) the manure is subjected to heat treatment by heating to at least 80 ° C and then cooling to at most 40 ° C, b) creates a nutrient medium from part of the heat-treated manure by adding organic nutrients, c) adding an alcohol containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms and a digested sludge containing organic impurities to the nutrient medium prepared in the above manner and producing an inoculum by fermenting this mixture, d) inoculating the heat-treated manure with the inoculum produced in the above manner and adding an alcohol containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms and fermenting this mixture at 26 ° C. to 38 ° C., e) the biomass formed by the fermentation is separated from the fermentation liquid and dried. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the manure is pig manure. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step a) the slurry is heated to 95 to 105 ° C. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step b) inorganic salts and / or vitamin precursors are additionally added. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step c) the alcohol is methanol. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step c) the bought-out sludge containing organic impurities is a digested sludge originating from urban wastewater treatment. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that further heat-treated manure is added in step c). 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step d) the alcohol is methanol. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step d), a nutrient medium or further nutrients are additionally added. 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pH of the heat-treated manure, if it exceeds 7, by the addition of an acid, especially hydrochloric acid to 6 to 7, especially to 6.5 to 6, 8 corrected. 11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that nitrogenous inorganic salts are added to the slurry, the ammonium nitrogen content of which does not reach 2000 mg / 1. 12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a coagulating agent is added to the fermentation liquid before the biomass is separated off. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that in the fermentation liquid in statu na- lo scendi formed aluminum hydroxide used as a coagulant. 14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the manure is kept at at least 80 ° C., advantageously at 95 to 105 ° C., for at least 5 minutes during the heat treatment. 15. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the manure is cooled to 30 to 40 ° C after the heat treatment. 16. The method according to claim 1, characterized in 20 net that in the fermentation carried out to produce the inoculum, the bacterial flora is enriched by repeated addition of an alcohol with 1 to 3 carbon atoms, especially methanol and other nutrient media or nutrients. 17. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the methanol content of the fermentation medium is kept between 0.04 and 0.8% during the fermentation. 18. The method according to claim 1, characterized in 30 net that benzimidazole derivatives, especially 5-hydroxy benzimidazole used as a vitamin precursor. 19. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fermentations are carried out in an anaerobic manner. 35 20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the alcohol with 1 to 3 carbon atoms and the nutrient medium are added to the fermentation medium at speeds between 0.002 and 0.01 liters / liter fermenter space / hour. 40 21. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that one carries out the fermentation in an aerobic manner. 22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, 45 and the nutrient medium at speeds between 0.05 and 0.5 liters / liter fermenter space / hour the fermentation medium.