CH623880A5 - Multilayered fireproof composite panel - Google Patents
Multilayered fireproof composite panel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CH623880A5 CH623880A5 CH1274477A CH1274477A CH623880A5 CH 623880 A5 CH623880 A5 CH 623880A5 CH 1274477 A CH1274477 A CH 1274477A CH 1274477 A CH1274477 A CH 1274477A CH 623880 A5 CH623880 A5 CH 623880A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- binder
- composite panel
- panels
- fire protection
- layer
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000000731 Fagus sylvatica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010099 Fagus sylvatica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B19/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B19/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica
- B32B19/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B19/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica
- B32B19/06—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
- E04B1/941—Building elements specially adapted therefor
- E04B1/942—Building elements specially adapted therefor slab-shaped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/103—Metal fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/108—Rockwool fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
- B32B2315/14—Mineral wool
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B2001/7683—Fibrous blankets or panels characterised by the orientation of the fibres
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine mehrschichtige Brandschutz-Verbundplatte, bestehend aus zwei Platten als Aussenschichten, von denen zumindest eine aus unbrennbarem Material besteht, und einem aus Stein- oder Hüttenwolle bestehenden Kern. The invention relates to a multilayer fire protection composite panel, consisting of two panels as outer layers, at least one of which is made of incombustible material, and a core consisting of rock or cottage wool.
Brandschutzpaneele, die als Brandschutzelemente solche Brandschutzverbundplatten enthalten, werden in zunehmendem Masse im Hochbau, insbesondere in Hochhäusern, z. B. für Trennwände, Fassadenpaneele und dergleichen eingesetzt. Gemäss einer häufig vorhandenen vorteilhaften Konstruktion wird zunächst eine der unbrennbaren Platten mit einem Rahmen, der ebenfalls aus unbrennbarem Material besteht, verbunden. In die Höhlung der dadurch gebildeten «Schachtel» werden nun Matten aus Stein- oder Hütten wolle eingelegt, wonach diese Schachtel durch Aufbringen der anderen Platte zur Vervollständigung des fertigen Rohpaneels verschlossen wird. Bei dieser Paneelkonstruktion werden das Brandschutzverhalten im wesentlichen durch die unbrennbaren Platten, die Schall- und Wärmedämmeigenschaften hauptsächlich durch die Kernschicht aus Steinoder Hüttenwolle gewährleistet. Als unbrennbare Platten werden dabei häufig Asbestzementplatten eingesetzt; die Erzeugung und Verwendung von Asbestzementplatten wird aber in zunehmendem Masse behördlichen Einschränkungen unterworfen. Fire protection panels that contain such fire protection composite panels as fire protection elements are increasingly used in building construction, especially in high-rise buildings, for. B. used for partitions, facade panels and the like. According to a frequently existing advantageous construction, one of the incombustible panels is first connected to a frame which is also made of incombustible material. In the cavity of the "box" thus formed, mats made of stone or hut wool are now inserted, after which this box is closed by applying the other plate to complete the finished raw panel. With this panel construction, the fire protection behavior is essentially guaranteed by the incombustible panels, the sound and heat insulation properties mainly by the core layer of stone or cottage wool. Asbestos cement panels are often used as non-combustible panels; however, the production and use of asbestos cement slabs is increasingly subject to official restrictions.
Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine mehrschichtige Brandschutz-Verbundplatte der genannten Art anzugeben, welche keine Asbestzementplatten enthält und bei der das Plattenmaterial der Aussenschichten sich mit den üblichen Bindemitteln problemlos verkleben lässt und mit denen bei ihrer Verwendung in Paneelen eine höhere Masshaltigkeit bzw. mechanische Beanspruchbarkeit als bei den bekannten Paneelen erzielt werden kann. The invention is based on the object of specifying a multilayer fire protection composite panel of the type mentioned which does not contain asbestos cement panels and in which the panel material of the outer layers can be glued without problems with the usual binders and with which, when used in panels, a higher dimensional stability or mechanical strength than can be achieved with the known panels.
Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass zumindest eine der Platten aus unbrennbarem Material eine Baustoffplatte auf Basis eines anorganischen Blähmaterials, insbesondere eine auf Basis von Blähglimmer (Vermiculite), ist und dass der aus Stein- oder Hüttenwolle bestehende Kern aus mehreren balkenförmigen Elementen zusammengesetzt ist, deren Fasern zumindest nahezu senkrecht zu den Plattenfrontflächen verlaufen und die mit den Aussenschichten über eine Bindemittelschicht verbunden sind. The object on which the invention is based is achieved in that at least one of the plates made of incombustible material is a building material plate based on an inorganic expandable material, in particular one based on expanded mica (vermiculite), and in that the core, consisting of rock or cottage wool, consists of several beam-shaped elements is composed, the fibers of which run at least almost perpendicular to the plate front surfaces and which are connected to the outer layers via a binder layer.
Baustoff platten auf Basis von Blähglimmer (Vermiculite) werden in den letzten Jahren in steigendem Masse als Brandschutzplatten verwendet. Sie werden aus dem mit geeigneten Bindemittel versetzten geblähten Blähglimmer(Vermiculite)-Granulat heiss zu Platten verpresst. Solche Blähglimmerplatten haben gegenüber Asbestzementplatten den Vorteil, Building material boards based on expanded mica (vermiculite) have been used increasingly as fire protection boards in recent years. They are hot pressed into sheets from the expanded expanded mica (vermiculite) granulate mixed with a suitable binder. Such expanded mica sheets have the advantage over asbestos cement sheets
dass sie in einfacher Weise mit Hilfe von Holzbearbeitungsmaschinen bearbeitet und mit den üblichen Bindemitteln verklebt werden können. Ausserdem ist ihre Verwendung keiner gesetzlichen Einschränkung unterworfen. Obwohl Blähglimmerplatten meist eine geringere Festigkeit als Asbestzementplatten haben, kann durch die erfindungs-gemässe Kombination mit dem mit diesen Platten verklebten Stein- oder Hüttenwollekern mit seinen senkrecht zu den Plattenoberflächen verlaufenden Fasern eine mehrschichtige Verbundplatte hergestellt werden, die für sich als selbsttragendes Paneel ohne besonderen mechanisch stützenden Rahmen insgesamt eine höhere Masshaltigkeit und mechanische Widerstandsfähigkeit aufweist als die genannten bekannten Paneele mit Asbestzementplatten. that they can be easily processed with the help of woodworking machines and glued with the usual binders. In addition, their use is not subject to any legal restrictions. Although expanded mica panels usually have a lower strength than asbestos cement panels, the combination according to the invention with the stone or cottage wool core glued to these panels with its fibers running perpendicular to the panel surfaces enables a multilayer composite panel to be produced which, as a self-supporting panel, does not have any particular mechanical properties supporting frame has a higher dimensional stability and mechanical resistance than the known panels with asbestos cement panels.
Das Brandverhalten von Brandschutzpaneelen wird durch die gemäss ÖNORM B 3800 zuerkannte Brandwiderstands-klasse gekennzeichnet. Zur Feststellung der Brandwiderstandsklasse von Paneelen und ähnlichen Bauteilen ist eine brandtechnische Eignungsprüfung erforderlich, in deren Rahmen Brandversuche durchgeführt werden, bei denen zumindest eine Seite des Bauteils dem Feuer in einem Brandraum ausgesetzt wird. Während des Brandversuches, sowie auch bei einem wirklichen Brand, treten in dem Paneel bzw. in der zu dessen Aufbau verwendeten Brandschutz-Verbundplatte hohe Temperaturgradienten auf, welche zu den Verbindungsstellen unterschiedlicher Materialien oft zu einer besonders hohen Materialbeanspruchung führen, The fire behavior of fire protection panels is characterized by the fire resistance class awarded in accordance with ÖNORM B 3800. To determine the fire resistance class of panels and similar components, a fire test is required, in the course of which fire tests are carried out in which at least one side of the component is exposed to fire in a fire room. During the fire test, as well as in the event of a real fire, high temperature gradients occur in the panel or in the fire protection composite panel used for its construction, which often lead to particularly high material stress at the junctures of different materials,
dass sich die einzelnen Schichten voneinander lösen. Dies kann insbesondere dann eintreten, wenn die Wirkung des Bindemittels, z. B. durch Verkohlung bei einem organischen Bindemittel nachlässt. that the individual layers separate from each other. This can particularly occur if the effect of the binder, e.g. B. subsides by charring with an organic binder.
Um dieser Erscheinung entgegenzuwirken, ist die mehrschichtige Brandschutz-Verbundplatte in einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bindemittelschicht aus einem zumindest im wesentlichen anorganischen Bindemittel, welches Quarzmehl und Wasserglas enthält, besteht, wobei das Bindemittel noch vorteilhaft zusätzlich Siliconharz enthalten kann. In order to counteract this phenomenon, the multilayer fire protection composite panel in an advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the binder layer consists of an at least essentially inorganic binder which contains quartz powder and water glass, wherein the binder can also advantageously contain silicone resin.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines Beispiels eingehend erläutert: The invention is explained in detail below using an example:
Die in der Figur dargestellte Platte besteht aus einer Mittelschicht 1 aus Steinwolle, die zu ihren beiden Frontflächen mit Baustoffplatten 2,3 verklebt sind. Diese Baustoffplatten können dabei vorteilhaft solche sein, die auf Basis eines Blähglimmergranulats hergestellt sind. Die Steinwolleschicht 1 ist aus mehreren balkenförmigen Elementen 4 zusammengefügt, derart, dass deren Fasern zum grössten Teil zumindest nahezu in Richtung des Pfeiles 5, d. h. senkrecht zu den Plattenfrontflächen verlaufen. Die Verbindung der Steinwollschicht 1 mit den beiden Baustoffplatten 2, 3 wird durch Bindemittelschichten 6 bzw. 7 hergestellt. The plate shown in the figure consists of a middle layer 1 of rock wool, which are glued to its two front surfaces with building material plates 2, 3. These building material panels can advantageously be those that are produced on the basis of expanded mica granulate. The rock wool layer 1 is composed of a plurality of beam-shaped elements 4, in such a way that their fibers for the most part at least almost in the direction of the arrow 5, i.e. H. run perpendicular to the panel front surfaces. The connection of the rock wool layer 1 with the two building material panels 2, 3 is produced by means of binder layers 6 and 7, respectively.
Für diese Verbindung wird ein wesentlich anorganisches Bindemittel auf Basis von Wasserglas und Quarzmehl verwendet, welches auf folgende Weise hergestellt wird. For this connection, an essentially inorganic binder based on water glass and quartz powder is used, which is produced in the following way.
40 Gew.Teile eines feinen Quarzmehls mit Korngrössen, die ein Messieb mit 4900 Maschen/Quadratzoll passieren, werden mit 60 Gew.Teilen Wasserglas (Festkörpergehalt 47-48 Gew.%) gut gemischt. In die Mischung werden 5 Gew.Teile Pulver, das aus 75Gew.% Calciumhydroxid und 25 Gew. % Siliconharz besteht, eingerührt. Das so erhaltene s 40 parts by weight of a fine quartz powder with grain sizes that pass through a sieve with 4900 meshes / square inch are mixed well with 60 parts by weight of water glass (solids content 47-48% by weight). 5 parts by weight of powder consisting of 75% by weight of calcium hydroxide and 25% by weight of silicone resin are stirred into the mixture. The s
10 10th
15 15
20 20th
25 25th
30 30th
35 35
40 40
45 45
50 50
55 55
60 60
<5 <5
3 3rd
Bindemittel hat die Konsistenz einer gut streichfähigen Paste und härtet in der Klebefuge innerhalb von 12 bis 24 Stunden kalt aus. Bei der Herstellung der in der Figur dargestellten Verbundplatte betrug der Bindemittelauftrag zur Bildung der Bindemittelschichten etwa 700 g/m2. s Binder has the consistency of a spreadable paste and hardens cold within 12 to 24 hours in the adhesive joint. In the production of the composite panel shown in the figure, the amount of binder to form the binder layers was approximately 700 g / m 2. s
623 880 623 880
Das beschriebene Bindemittel hat eine hohe Festigkeit. Zum Beispiel reisst ein Prüfling, der aus zwei an den Stirnseiten mit Hilfe des Bindemittels miteinander verklebten Buchenholzbrettchen besteht, beim Querzugversuch regelmässig im Holz und nie in der Bindemittelfuge. The binder described has a high strength. For example, a test specimen, which consists of two beech wood boards glued together on the end faces with the aid of the binder, tears regularly in the wood during the transverse tensile test and never in the binder joint.
B B
I Blatt Zeichnungen I sheet drawings
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT781576A AT348728B (en) | 1976-10-20 | 1976-10-20 | MULTI-LAYER COMPOSITE PANEL |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH623880A5 true CH623880A5 (en) | 1981-06-30 |
Family
ID=3599724
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1274477A CH623880A5 (en) | 1976-10-20 | 1977-10-19 | Multilayered fireproof composite panel |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT348728B (en) |
| CH (1) | CH623880A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2745345C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2368356A1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7711764L (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3022558A1 (en) * | 1980-06-16 | 1982-01-14 | Fitecpro AG, Glarus | Girder or column fireproof sheath - has insulating coating and interlocking edges on mineral wool type panels |
| AT370470B (en) * | 1981-06-24 | 1983-04-11 | Oesterr Heraklith Ag | MULTILAYER INSULATION PANEL AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
| DE4120759C2 (en) * | 1991-06-24 | 1995-06-22 | Flam X Verwaltung | Fire-retardant lightweight door |
| ATE158338T1 (en) | 1994-06-24 | 1997-10-15 | Wolman Gmbh Dr | INTUMESCENT WATERPROOFING AGENT |
| JP2001182213A (en) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-07-03 | Nichias Corp | Fireproof ceiling structure |
| AT511513B1 (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2015-01-15 | List Components & Furniture Gmbh | COMPOSITE ELEMENT |
| AT511510A1 (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2012-12-15 | List Components & Furniture Gmbh | COMPOSITE ELEMENT |
| DE102014113290B4 (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2018-02-01 | Institut Für Holztechnologie Dresden Gemeinnützige Gmbh | Layered wood material and process for its production |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE7319376U (en) * | 1973-08-23 | Gruenzweig + Hartmann Und Glasfaser Ag | Plate-shaped component | |
| FR1266233A (en) * | 1960-08-27 | 1961-07-07 | Mandoval Ltd | Improvements in the manufacture of chipboard or similar panels |
| DE1559332A1 (en) * | 1965-11-04 | 1971-05-19 | Friz & Co | Sheathing element as fire protection for structural parts |
| BE789716A (en) * | 1971-10-05 | 1973-02-01 | Rockwool As | INSULATION PANELS AND THEIR MANUFACTURING |
| DE2242548A1 (en) * | 1972-08-30 | 1974-03-07 | Fietz Erwin H | FIRE-RESISTANT ROOM OR AREA STRUCTURE AND PROCESS FOR ITS PRODUCTION |
| GB1463756A (en) * | 1973-05-23 | 1977-02-09 | Gruenzweig & Hartmann | Sound and heat insulating constructional unit |
| DE7509249U (en) * | 1974-03-29 | 1978-08-31 | Liberda, Viktor, Wien | FIRE PROTECTION WALL ELEMENT |
-
1976
- 1976-10-20 AT AT781576A patent/AT348728B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1977
- 1977-10-08 DE DE2745345A patent/DE2745345C2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-10-18 FR FR7731258A patent/FR2368356A1/en active Granted
- 1977-10-19 SE SE7711764A patent/SE7711764L/en unknown
- 1977-10-19 CH CH1274477A patent/CH623880A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2745345A1 (en) | 1978-04-27 |
| DE2745345C2 (en) | 1983-01-05 |
| SE7711764L (en) | 1978-04-21 |
| AT348728B (en) | 1979-02-26 |
| FR2368356A1 (en) | 1978-05-19 |
| ATA781576A (en) | 1978-07-15 |
| FR2368356B1 (en) | 1982-10-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL | Patent ceased |