CH619487A5 - Detergent - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a triphosphate-free or low-detergent textile detergent with a detergent substance consisting essentially of nonionic surfactants.

The effect of modern detergents is largely attributed to their high sodium triphosphate content. The advantageous properties of sodium triphosphate include the complex binding capacity for calcium, magnesium, iron and other heavy metal ions, the synergistic influence on the interfacial activity of soaps and synthetic surfactants, the dirt-carrying capacity and the ability to detach and peptize dirt particles as well as the neutralization of acidic dirt. However, the sodium triphosphate content of detergents is criticized in public in connection with environmental issues; the view is often taken that the undesirably high phosphate content and thus the eutrophication of surface waters is largely due to the phosphate content of the detergents from the wastewater.

The object of the invention is therefore to develop new detergents which have no or a substantially lower tri-phosphate content than the known preparations, but are not inferior in their washing and cleaning properties.

The detergent according to the invention is characterized by a content of 6-60% by weight of a surfactant / builder mixture, which is defined in claim 1.

The detergents according to the invention can further contain 40-94% by weight of conventional constituents, such as. B. washing alkalis, dirt carriers, a bleaching component, non-complexing builders, optical brighteners, enzymes, antimicrobial substances, dyes and fragrances and optionally sodium tri-phosphate in a minor or greatly reduced amount.

The term “minor or greatly reduced amount” for sodium triphosphate is intended to express that the content of sodium triphosphate in the preparations according to the invention is at most 20% by weight, ie. H. is usually less than half the sodium triphosphate content of many common detergent products.

Preparations in which the surfactant component a) consists exclusively of 5-30% by weight of the combination of the lower and higher ethoxylated compounds defined above and the 3-20% by weight of the above are particularly suitable for use in drum washing machines contain defined organic complexing agent salts for calcium ions according to b). .

The low-phosphate, low-phosphonate, or phosphorus-free detergents according to the invention have excellent washability, in particular with respect to hydrophobic soiling on textiles made of synthetic fibers. When washing textiles made from a wide variety of fibers of natural or synthetic origin, they are not sensitive to hard water and, thanks to their foam-proof properties, are suitable for use in all common washing processes. By using them instead of the known preparations with a high sodium triphosphate content, the phosphate concentration in the waste water can be significantly reduced.

The inventive, in particular machine-washable detergents preferably contain a combination of the polyethylene glycol derivatives a) according to the above definition, in which the mixing ratio of the low-ethoxylated compound to the higher-ethoxylated compound is in the range from 1: 3 to 1: 1.

The detergents according to the invention can be used as full, prewash and mild detergents. Preparations that are to be used as prewash detergents - like full detergents or boil detergents - have a pH between 9.5 and 11.5 in 1% aqueous solution, which is achieved by adding washing alkalis. Preparations suitable as mild detergents are less alkaline; in 1% aqueous solution they have a pH between 8.5 and 9.5. The detergents or heavy-duty detergents also differ from the other preparations by the content of a bleaching component which consists of a peroxy compound as active oxygen carrier, in particular sodium perborate, stabilizers and optionally activators for the peroxy compound, and the 10-40, preferably 15-35% by weight. -% of

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entire detergent can make up.

Suitable polyethylene glycol derivatives of aliphatic C 2 -C 20 compounds which can be used according to the invention are preferably the addition products of 2-6 moles of ethylene oxide and those of 8-20 moles of ethylene oxide in each case with 1 mole of an alcohol of the specified chain length. The ethoxylation products of the Ci2-C2o-fatty alcohols are particularly preferred. They are prepared in a known manner from the corresponding alkanols and alkenols; these alcohols can be of synthetic as well as natural origin. The combination of the ethoxylation products used according to the invention with different degrees of ethoxylation is used e.g. B. obtained by mixing the separately prepared ethoxylation products.

The reaction products of:

1 mole of tallow alcohol and 14 moles of ethylene oxide;

1 mole of tallow alcohol and 5 moles of ethylene oxide;

1 mole of coconut alcohol and 12 moles of ethylene oxide; 1 mole of coconut alcohol and 3 moles of ethylene oxide; 1 mole of oleyl / cetyl alcohol, iodine number 30-50, and 10 moles of ethylene oxide;

1 mole of oleyl / cetyl alcohol, iodine number 30-50, and 5 moles of ethylene oxide;

1 mole of Cn-Ci5-oxo alcohol (approx. 10-30% a-methyl branch) and 3 moles of ethylene oxide;

1 mol of Cn-Ci5-oxo alcohol (approx. 10-30% a-methyl branching) and 13 mol of ethylene oxide;

1 mole sec. Cn-Ci5 alcohol (made by paraffin oxidation) and 3 moles of ethylene oxide;

1 mole sec. Cn-Cis alcohol (made by paraffin oxidation) and 9 moles of ethylene oxide;

1 mol Ci5-Ci7-AlkandioI (internal) and 5 mol ethylene oxide; 1 mol Ci5-Ci7-alkanediol (internal) and 9 mol ethylene oxide.

The organic complexing salts for calcium ions of the above definition are preferably the water-soluble salts, in particular the alkali salts of the following compounds:

1. the carboxymethylated, at least 2 carboxyl groups in the molecule containing polyhydric C2-C6 alcohols and C3-C6-hydroxycarboxylic acids, such as. Example, the compounds and Dicarboxymethyläthylenglykol -diäthylenglykol, Tricarbo-xymethylglycerin, mono- and Dicarboxymethylglycerinsäure, carboxymethyltartronic acid, Carboxymethylmethyltartron acid, Carboxymethyläpfelsäure, mono- and dicarboxymethyl-tartaric acid, furthermore, the carboxymethylated derivatives of Glu-tarsäure, saccharic acid, mucic acid, gluconic acid, of erythros , Pentaerythritol, 2,2-dihydroxymethyl propanol, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, etc .;

2. the polymeric carboxylic acids with molecular weights above 350, such as. B. polyacrylic acid, poly-a-hydroxyacrylic acid, the copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene or propylene, isobutylene or styrene, or with vinyl methyl ether or furan, or with acrylic acid obtainable poly-carboxylic acids, and those from acrolein and acrylic acid with H2O2 and Cannizzaro reaction available polyhydroxycarboxylic acids;

3. the phosphonoalkane polycarboxylic acids with 1 and 2 Phos-phono- and 2 and 3 carboxyl groups, such as. B. 1-phosphono-ethane-l, 2-dicarboxylic acid, 2-phosphonopropane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, l, l-diphosphonopropane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 2-phospho-nobutane-l, 2,4- tricarboxylic acid, 2-phosphonobutane-2,3,4-tricarbonic acid;

4. the amino and hydroxy substituted alkane polyphosphonic acids, such as. B. l-aminoethane-l, l-diphosphonic acid, aminotrimethylene triphosphonic acid, methylamino or ethyl aminodimethylene diphosphonic acid. Ethylenediamine tetramethylene tetraphosphonic acid, dimethylaminomethane diphosphonic acid

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acid, l-hydroxyethane-l, l-diphosphonic acid.

The complexing ability of the organic complexing agent salts which can be used according to the invention is particularly pronounced for alkaline earth metal ions; on the other hand, the complexing ability for heavy metal ions, such as. B. iron and copper ions, with these complexing agents - with the exception of the amino and hydroxy-substituted alkane polyphosphonic acids - only slightly. It is therefore recommended that the agents according to the invention, if appropriate, have corresponding heavy metal complexing agents in small amounts of, for. B. 0.1-0.5 wt .-%, for which, for example, the salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or aminotrimethylene triphosphonic acid are particularly suitable.

The detergents according to the invention can be in the form of liquids, pastes or powders. In the simplest case, the powdered preparations can be produced by mixing the components. Usually, an aqueous approach of the water and heat insensitive components in a conventional manner, z. B. on hot surfaces or in a hot air stream, dried and the powder obtained in this way, the hydrolysis and heat sensitive or volatile or liquid or pasty further ingredients subsequently mixed. This includes z. B. the aliphatic polyethylene glycol derivatives above definition, serving as active oxygen carrier sodium perborate, enzymes, antimicrobials, dyes and fragrances. In the case of subsequent admixing, it is advantageous, in particular for the gentle incorporation of small amounts of active ingredients, to convert them first into a dry powdery precursor by mixing with a solid carrier substance, for example by spraying on sodium sulfate, so that they adhere to the powder or agglomerate - or granulate particles adhere as small discrete particles.

In the following, the further constituents contained in the detergents according to the invention are described in more detail, sorted by active substance classes.

Suitable surfactants of the sulfonate type are alkylbenzenesulfonates (C9_i5-alkyl), mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates such as are obtained, for example, from cis-Ci8-monoolefins with a terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates which are obtainable from Cio-C22-alkanes by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation and subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization or by bisulfite addition to olefins.

Suitable surfactants of the sulfate type are the sulfuric acid monoesters of primary alcohols (for example from coconut fatty alcohols, tallow fatty alcohols or oleyl alcohol) and those of secondary alcohols. Also suitable are sulfated fatty acid alkanolamides and fatty acid monoglycerides or the sulfated reaction products of 1-4 moles of ethylene oxide with primary or secondary fatty alcohols or alkylphenols.

The sulfonate and sulfate type surfactants can be in the form of their sodium, potassium and ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.

In addition to the organic complexing agent salts and the sodium triphosphate, which may be present in minor amounts, the preparations according to the invention contain other neutral or alkaline reacting inorganic or organic water-soluble salts as builder substances.

These primarily include the inorganic, non-complexing salts from the group of carbonates, bicarbonates, borates and silicates of alkalis, known as washing alkalis; Of the alkali silicates, especially the sodium silicates with a ratio Na2Ü: SÌO2 like 1: 1 to 1: 3.5

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useful. Of the neutral-reacting alkali sulfates, sodium sulfate in particular is important as a solid carrier substance for the production of free-flowing powder preparations. The free-flowing properties of the powder preparations can also be improved by adding small amounts of pyrogenic or precipitated microcrystalline silicon dioxide.

Other scaffolding substances that are mostly used in liquid agents due to their hydrotropic properties,

are the salts of the non-capillary, 2-9 C-containing sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids and sulfocarboxylic acids, for example the alkali salts of benzene, toluene, xylene or cumene sulfonic acids, sulfobenzoic acids, sulfophthalic acid, sulfoacetic acid, sulfosuccinic acid and the salts of acetic acid or lactic acid .

Dirt carriers or graying inhibitors in the preparations according to the invention for improving the dirt-carrying capacity of the wash liquor can be carboxymethyl celluloses or other cellulose ether carboxylic acids or cellulose ether sulfonic acids, especially in relation to cotton textiles. Many of the compounds mentioned above as organic complexing agents for calcium ions also have a dirt-carrying capacity. Other suitable graying inhibitors are polyanionic polymers, such as. B. polyesters or polyamides, which are available from tri- or tetracarboxylic acids and diols, diamines or N-alkyldialkanolamines and contain free, capable of salt formation carboxyl groups, or the alkali metal salts of polymeric sulfonic acids, eg. B. of polyvinyl sulfonic acids, polyesters and polyamides of sulfosuccinic acid, sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde condensates or those of polyesters from dicarboxylic acids and N-alkyldialkanolamines by reaction with sultones or haloalkanesulfonic acids.

Also suitable as dirt carriers are nonionic water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers, such as methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethoxylated starch, polyvinyl alcohol, partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyglycol, polyacrylamide and polyethyleneimine, and partially alkylated or reacted with substoichiometric amounts of polycarboxylic acids.

Among the active oxygen carriers which serve as bleaching agents and which supply H2O2 in water, sodium perborate tetrahydrate (NaB02-H202 «3 H2Û) and monohydrate (NaB02 * H2O2) are of particular importance. However, other borates supplying H2O2 can also be used, e.g. B. the Perborax Na2B4Û7 • 4 H2O2. These compounds can be partially or completely by other active oxygen carriers, in particular by per-oxyhydrates, such as peroxycarbonates (NaîCCh • 1.5 H2O2), peroxy-pyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates, urea-H202 or Mela-min-H2Ch compounds as well as by H2O2-providing peracid Salts such as As caroates (KHSOs), perbenzoates or peroxy phthalates can be replaced.

It is advisable to incorporate conventional water-soluble and / or water-insoluble stabilizers for the peroxy compounds together with these in amounts of 0.25-10% by weight. As water-insoluble stabilizers, the z. B. 1-8, preferably 2-7% of the weight of the entire preparation, the magnesium silicates MgO: SÌO2 = 4: 1 to 1: 4, preferably 2: 1 to 1: 2 and preferably obtained by precipitation from aqueous solutions are suitable especially 1: 1. In their place, other alkaline earth metal or tin silicates of appropriate composition can be used. Water-containing oxides of tin are also suitable as stabilizers. Water-soluble stabilizers, which can be present together with water-insoluble ones, are the organic complexing agents, the amount of which can make up 0.25-5%, preferably 0.5-2.5%, of the weight of the entire preparation.

In order to achieve a satisfactory bleaching effect even at temperatures below 80 ° C, in particular in the range from 60-40 ° C, bleach components containing activators are preferably incorporated into the preparations.

Certain N-acyl, O-acyl compounds which form organic peracids with this H2O2, in particular acetyl, propionyl or benzoyl compounds, and also carbonic acid * or pyrocarbonic acid esters serve as activators for peroxy compounds which supply H2O2 in water. Useful connections include:

N-diacylated and N, N'-tetraacylated amines, such as. B. N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetyl-methylenediamine or -ethylenediamine, N, N-diacetyl-p-toluidine or 1,3-diacylated hydantoins; Alkyl-N-sulfonyl-carbonamides, e.g. B. N-methyl-N-mesyl-aceta-mid, N-methyl-N-mesyl-benzamide;

N-acylated cyclic hydrazides, such as. B. the monoacetylma-linseic acid hydrazide;

0, N, N-trisubstituted hydroxylamines, such as. B. O-acyl or 0-benzoyl-N, N-succinyl-hydroxylamine and 0, N, N-triacetylhydroxylamine;

N, N '-diacyl-sulfurylamides, such as. B. N, N'-dimethyl-N, N'-diacetylsulfurylamide, and N, N'-diethyI-N, N'-dipropionyl-suIfuryl amide;

Triacylcyanurates, e.g. B. triacetyl or tribenzoyl cyanurate; Carboxylic anhydrides, e.g. B. benzoic anhydride or phthalic anhydride;

Sugar esters such as B. glucose pentaacetate; l, 3-diacyl-4,5-diacyloxy-imidazolidines, such as. B. 1,3-diacetyl-4,5-diacetoxy-imidazolidine;

acylated glycolurils, e.g. B. tetraacetylglycoluril, tetrapropionylglycoluril or diacetyldibenzoylglycoluril;

diacylated 2,5-diketopiperazines, e.g. B. 1,4-diacetyl-2,5-dike-topiperazine, 1,4-dipropionyl-2,5-diketopiperazine; Acylation products of 2,4,6,8-tetraaza bicyclo [3,3,13 nonan-3,7-dione.

Activation of the peroxy compounds can be seen even when amounts of 0.05 mol of activator are used per g-atom of active oxygen; 0.1-1 mol of activator per g-atom of active oxygen are preferably used. When the peroxy compounds are activated, carboxylic acids, such as. As acetic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, so that it is advisable to add basic salts to bind these carboxylic acids.

The enzyme preparations to be used are usually a mixture of enzymes with different effects, e.g. B. of proteases, carbohydrases, esterases, lipases, oxidoreductases, catalases, peroxidases, ureas, isomerases, lyases, transferases, desmolases or nucleases. Of particular interest are the enzymes obtained from bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis or Streptomyces griseus, in particular proteases or amylases, which are relatively resistant to alkali, per compounds and anionic surfactants and are still effective at temperatures up to 70 ° C.

Enzyme preparations are usually marketed by manufacturers as aqueous solutions of the active ingredients or as powders, granules or as cold atomized products. They often contain sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, alkali ortho-, pyro- or polyphosphates, in particular tripolyphosphate, as blending agents. Particular emphasis is placed on dust-free preparations; they are obtained in a manner known per se by incorporating oily or pasty nonionics or by granulating with the help of melts of salts containing water of crystallization in their own water of crystallization.

Enzymes that are specific for a certain type of dirt can be incorporated, for example proteases or amylases or lipases; Combinations of enzymes with different effects are preferably used, in particular combinations of proteases and amylases.

The detergents can contain, as optical brighteners for cotton, in particular derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts. Are suitable for. B.

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Salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino-l, 3,5-triazin-6-yl-amino) -stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or similarly structured compounds which have a instead of the morpholino group Dietha-nolamino group, a methylamino group or one

Wear 2-methoxyethylamino group. Possible brighteners for polyamide fibers are those of the 1,3-diaryl-2-pyrazoline type, for example the compound 1- (p-sulfamoylphenyl)

3- {p-chlorophenyl) -2-pyrazoIin and compounds of the same structure, which instead of the sulfamoyl group z. B. carry the methoxy-carbonyl, 2-methoxyethoxycarbonyl, the acetylamino or the vinylsulfonyl group. Useful polyamide brighteners are also the substituted aminocoumarins, e.g. B. that

4-methyl-7-dimethylamino or the 4-methyl-7-diethylamino-coumarin. The compounds H2-benzimidazolyl> 2- (l-hydroxyethyl-2-benzimidazolyl) ethylene and l-ethyl-3-phenyl-7-diethylamino-carbostyril are also useful as polyamide brighteners. The brighteners for polyester and polyamide fibers are the compounds 2,5-di- (2-benzoxazolyl) -thiophene, 2- (2-benzoxazolyl) -naphtho [2,3-b} -thiophene and 1,2-di- ( 5-methyl-2-benzoxazolyl) ethylene suitable. Brighteners of the substituted 4,4'-distyryldiphenyl type may also be present; e.g. B. the compound 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) diphenyl. Mixtures of the aforementioned brighteners can also be used.

Examples

The examples describe compositions of some preparations according to the invention. Their salt-like components are used as sodium salts. The following terms and abbreviations are used:

"KA-3ÄO", "KA-IOÄO", "TA-5ÄO", "TA-14ÄO", "OCA-5ÄO", "OCA-IOÄO": the addition products of 3.5, 10 and 14 moles of ethylene oxide ( ÄO) to 1 mol of technical coconut alcohol (KA), or tallow alcohol (TA), or oleyl / cetyl alcohol (OCA);

“EDTA” or “ATTP”: the salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or aminotrimethylene triphosphonic acid;

"Perborate": a product of approximately 10% active oxygen, with the approximate composition NaBOï * HzOî- 3 H2O;

"CMC": the salt of carboxymethyl cellulose, degree of substitution 0.7-0.8;

"Cotton brightener": a compound of the formula 4,4'-bis (2-anilino4-morpholino-l, 3,5-triazin-6-yl-amino> stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, sodium salt;

“Polyamide brightener”: a compound of the formula I- (p-sul-famoylphenyl) -3- (p-chlorophenyl) -2-pyrazoline;

"Enzyme": a commercially available solid enzyme concentrate of a protease, adjusted to the activities of 125,000 LVU / g by adding sodium sulfate.

Example 1: Heavy duty detergent 8.0% by weight TA-14ÄO 4.0% by weight TA-5ÄO

7.0% by weight l-hydroxyethane-l, l-diphosphonate 10.0% by weight Na2C03 3.5% by weight NaîO • 3.3 S •O2 1.5% by weight CMC 30.0% by weight -% perborate 2.5% by weight magnesium silicate 0.3% by weight cotton whitening remainder sodium sulfate, water

Example 2: Heavy duty detergent 10.0% by weight OCA-IOÄO 5.0% by weight OCA-5ÄO 10.0% by weight tricarboxymethylglycerol 0.3% by weight EDTA 18.0% by weight sodium triphosphate

4.0% by weight N & zO • 3.3 SÌO2 28.0% by weight perborate 2.0% by weight magnesium silicate 1.2% by weight CMC 0.3% by weight cotton whitening remainder sodium sulfate, water

Example 3: Heavy duty detergent 6.0% by weight KA-IOÄO 10 5.0% by weight Ka-3ÄO

1.5% by weight sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 15.0% by weight sodium triphosphate 2.5% by weight 2-phosphonobutane-l, 2,4-tricarboxylate 4.0% by weight Na20 • 3.3 SÌO2 15 26, 5% by weight perborate

2.0% by weight magnesium silicate 4.0% by weight tetraactylglycoluril 0.3% by weight cotton brightener 0.2% by weight polyamide brightener 20 remainder sodium sulfate, water

Example 4: Prewashing agent 5.0% by weight TA-14ÄO 5.0% by weight KA-3ÄO 25 5.0% by weight dimethylaminomethane diphosphonate 16.0% by weight Na2C03 4.0% by weight Na20 3.3 SÌO2 1.5% by weight CMC 0.3% by weight enzymes 30 remainder sodium sulfate, water

Example 5: Delicates 12.0% by weight OCA-IOÄO 8.0% by weight OCA-5ÄO 35 3.0% by weight coconut alcohol sulfate

12.0 wt .-% polycarboxylate of maleic anhydride / ethylene copolymer, MW 2 - 3000 0.4 wt .-% ATTP 4.0 wt .-% Na20 • 3.3 S20O2 40 l, 5 wt .-% CMC

Balance sodium sulfate, water

Example 6: Perborate-free special detergent 16.0% by weight KA-IOÄO 45 7.0% by weight KA-3ÄO 25.0% by weight Na20 • 2.4 SÌO2 4.0% by weight carboxymethyl tartronate 2.0 % By weight CMC remainder sodium sulfate, water 50 If in the examples the lower and higher ethoxylated alcohols used there are replaced by the correspondingly ethoxylated secondary alcohols, oxo alcohols or alkanediols, comparable results can be achieved with these preparations.

55 The detergents according to the invention have no or a significantly lower phosphorus content than known preparations based on triphosphate. Even when washing in hard water, the preparations according to the invention with a high triphosphate content achieve a good degree of whiteness and thus no additional formation of laundry encrustations or deposits on washing machine parts is observed. The preparations according to the invention in particular have excellent fat washability. This shows z. B. on collars and cuffs of shirts, especially in such 65-chen as easy-care cotton or cotton-polyester mixed textiles and grease-soiled professional laundry, such as those of kitchen staff, butchers, at petrol stations and in auto repair shops etc.

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Claims (8)

619487 PATENT CLAIMS 1. Detergent, characterized by a content of 6-60 wt .-% of a surfactant / builder mixture, composed of: a) 5-30 wt .-% of a combination of aliphatic polyethylene glycol derivatives from the group of ethoxylated Cn-C20- Alcohols, amines, carboxylic acids, carbonamides or sulfonamides with degrees of ethoxylation of 2-6 and 8-20, the mixing ratio of the low-ethoxylated compounds to the higher-ethoxylated compound being 1: 5 to 2: 1, and this combination up to a third of their weight can be replaced by sulfonate and sulfate surfactants, and b) 1-30% by weight organic complexing agent salt for calcium ions from the group of the water-soluble salts of carboxymethyl-substituted polyhydric alcohols and carboxymethyl-substituted hydroxycarboxylic acids, the polymeric carboxylic acid with molecular weights over 350, the phosphonoalkane polycarboxylic acids and the amino- and hydroxy-substituted alkane polyphosphonic acids, all of which are given n Quantities refer to a water- or solvent-free preparation that has a pH between 8.5 and 11.5 in 1% aqueous solution. 2. Detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that its total analytical phosphorus content is at most 6% by weight, preferably at most 5% by weight, and is based on organic complexing agent salts of the phosphonoalkane polycarboxylic acid type and / or amino- and hydroxy-substituted alkane polyphosphonic acids and / or refers to sodium tripho-sphat 3. Detergent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains 40-94% by weight of washing alkalis, dirt carriers, a bleaching component, non-complexing builders, optical brighteners, enzymes, antimicrobial substances, and / or dyes and fragrances and, if appropriate, sodium tripho- sphat in minor or greatly reduced amounts. 4. Detergent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the organic complexing salts for calcium ions are contained in an amount of 3-20 wt .-%. 5. Detergent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the combination of the aliphatic polyethylene glycol derivatives has a mixing ratio of the low-ethoxylated compound to the higher-ethoxylated compound in the range from 1: 3 to 1: 1. 6. Detergent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the polyethylene glycol derivatives of aliphatic Ci2-C2o compounds consist of adducts of 2-6 moles of ethylene oxide and 8-20 moles of ethylene oxide each with 1 MqI of a C12-C20 alcohol. 7. Detergent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the polyethylene glycol derivatives are the ethoxylation products of Cu-C20-fatty alcohols. 8. Detergent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a content of 10-40, preferably 15-35 wt .-% of a bleaching component consisting of peroxy compound, stabilizer and optionally activator.