CH163070A - A process for surface hardening alloys of stainless steel and stainless steel alloy, surface hardened by this process. - Google Patents

A process for surface hardening alloys of stainless steel and stainless steel alloy, surface hardened by this process.

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Publication number
CH163070A
CH163070A CH163070DA CH163070A CH 163070 A CH163070 A CH 163070A CH 163070D A CH163070D A CH 163070DA CH 163070 A CH163070 A CH 163070A
Authority
CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
stainless steel
nitriding
alloys
alloy
reducing agent
Prior art date
Application number
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Thos Firth John Brown Limited
Original Assignee
Thos Firth & John Brown Limite
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thos Firth & John Brown Limite filed Critical Thos Firth & John Brown Limite
Publication of CH163070A publication Critical patent/CH163070A/en

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/02Pretreatment of the material to be coated

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)

Description

  

  Procédé de durcissement en surface d'alliages d'acier inoxydables et     alliage    d'acier  inoxydable, durci en surface par ce procédé.    La présente invention comprend un pro  cédé de durcissement en surface d'alliages  d'acier inoxydables, par nitration et un al  liage d'acier inoxydable, durci en surface par  ce procédé.  



  L'invention s'applique aux alliages d'acier  inoxydables, c'est-à-dire ne rouillant pas ou  ne se tachant pas, en particulier aux alliages  austénitiques, à ceux à forte teneur en chrome  et à     cëux    austénitiques â forte teneur en  chrome et en nickel, auxquels on fait subir  une nitruration pour les durcir en surface,  cette nitruration pouvant consister à soumettre  l'acier à l'action d'un gaz contenant de l'azote  sous forme combinée (de préférence de l'am  moniac), à une température voisine de 500   C,  ou tant soit peu supérieure à 500  C.  



  On a rencontré des difficultés lors de la  nitruration de certains alliages d'acier parmi  lesquels ceux de structure austénitique et en    particulier ceux ne rouillant pas ou ne se  tachant pas du type à forte teneur en chrome  et du type austénitique à forte teneur en  chrome et en nickel.  



  Il est actuellement reconnu que les pro  priétés     anticorrosives    des alliages d'acier des  types ci-dessus, sont dues à la présence d'un  film d'oxyde, habituellement désigné comme  film passif. On est conduit à croire que la  difficulté rencontrée jusqu'ici pour exécuter  la nitruration des alliages d'acier indiqués  ci-dessus, est. due à l'action de ce film-passif,  empêchant ou restreignant sensiblement la  pénétration de l'azote et son absorption par  les couches de surface de l'alliage.  



  Les difficultés ci-dessus sont surmontées,  selon la présente invention, en traitant les  surfaces des alliages d'acier inoxydables avec  un agent réducteur en vue d'en réduire le  film d'oxyde qu'elles présentent, sans modi-      fier la composition des alliages, et en ce que  l'on soumet ensuite les surfaces ainsi traitées  à la nitruration, avant qu'elles aient subi une  transformation quelconque de leur surface.  



  Cette transformation     quelconque    peut être  une oxydation ou un revêtement avec n'im  porte quelle matière.  



  Le traitement de l'alliage avec un agent  réducteur est de préférence effectué en atta  quant les surfaces avec un acide dégageant  de l'hydrogène, tel que l'acide chlorhydrique.  D'autres méthodes de traitement peuvent ce  pendant également être appliquées. Ainsi  l'acier peut constituer la cathode d'un bain  électrolytique. Une simple réduction par chauf  fage dans un courant d'hydrogène ou en con  tact avec d'autres agents réducteurs connus,  aura le même effet, si elle est praticable et  pour autant qu'elle ne modifie pas sensible  ment la composition de l'alliage, comme ce  la pourrait être le cas en chauffant avec du  charbon.

      En exécutant l'invention, il est avantageux  de s'assurer qu'au début de la nitruration,  les surfaces de l'alliage avec lesquelles le gaz  nitrurant est mis en contact, soient encore  sous l'action de l'agent     réducteur,    par exemple  en étant encore humectées de l'acide corrosif.  Ce résultat peut facilement être obtenu en  faisant commencer     là,    nitruration immédiate  ment après que les surfaces de l'alliage ont  été     attaquées    ou traitées et pendant qu'elles  sont encore sous l'influence de l'agent réduc  teur.  



  Exemple: Soit un acier inoxydable (vendu  sous la marque de fabrique enregistrée       "Staybrite")        contenant        18        %        de        chrome        et     8 % de nickel. On soumet cet alliage en       premier        lieu    à     l'action        d'un        bain    à     50        %     d'acide chlorhydrique.

   On le lave ensuite dans  de l'eau, on le sèche et on le place dans un  four de nitruration en observant les conditions  normales selon lesquelles le procédé de ni  truration est effectué, la température étant  de 5000 C. A la fin du procédé, des échan  tillons de cet alliage traité ont été com  parés avec d'autres échantillons du même    acier soumis à la même nitruration, mais qui  n'avaient pas été traités préalablement avec  un acide corrosif dégageant de l'hydrogène.  On a trouvé qu'une augmentation essentielle  de la dureté en surface est obtenue en exé  cutant le procédé selon la présente invention.  



  D'autres exemples d'aciers donnant des  résultats semblables par l'emploi de ce pro  cédé, sont: (a) un acier inoxydable contenant       14%        de        chrome,        0,2%        de        nickel,        0,3%        de     carbone;

   (b) un acier à 22 0% de chrome, 12 %       de        nickel,    3     %        de        tungstène,        0,3        %        de        carbone;

            (c)        un        acier    à     12        %        de        nickel,    4     %        de        chrome,          50        /o        de        manganèse,        0,5%        de        carbone.     



  .L'application du procédé n'est pas limitée  aux aciers des compositions particulières in  diquées ci-dessus, mais est d'une application  générale aux aciers ne rouillant pas ou ne se  tachant pas, qui peuvent contenir une forte  proportion de chrome, ou qui sont de structure       austénitique    et contiennent une quantité totale  relativement forte de nickel et de chrome.



  A process for surface hardening alloys of stainless steel and stainless steel alloy, surface hardened by this process. The present invention includes a process for surface hardening stainless steel alloys, by nitration, and an alloy of stainless steel, surface hardened by this process.



  The invention applies to stainless steel alloys, that is to say non-rusting or not staining, in particular to austenitic alloys, to those with a high chromium content and to those with a high content austenitic. chromium and nickel, which are subjected to nitriding to harden them on the surface, this nitriding possibly consisting in subjecting the steel to the action of a gas containing nitrogen in combined form (preferably ammonia ), at a temperature close to 500 C, or somewhat higher than 500 C.



  Difficulties have been encountered during the nitriding of certain steel alloys including those of austenitic structure and in particular those not rusting or staining of the high chromium type and the austenitic type with high chromium content and in nickel.



  It is currently recognized that the anticorrosive properties of steel alloys of the above types are due to the presence of an oxide film, usually referred to as a passive film. It is led to believe that the difficulty encountered so far in carrying out the nitriding of the steel alloys indicated above is. due to the action of this passive film, preventing or significantly restricting the penetration of nitrogen and its absorption by the surface layers of the alloy.



  The above difficulties are overcome, according to the present invention, by treating the surfaces of stainless steel alloys with a reducing agent in order to reduce the oxide film they present, without changing the composition of the compounds. alloys, and in that the surfaces thus treated are then subjected to nitriding, before they have undergone any transformation of their surface.



  Any such transformation can be oxidation or coating with any material.



  The treatment of the alloy with a reducing agent is preferably carried out by etching the surfaces with a hydrogen-releasing acid, such as hydrochloric acid. Other treatment methods can however also be applied. Thus steel can constitute the cathode of an electrolytic bath. Simple reduction by heating in a stream of hydrogen or in contact with other known reducing agents will have the same effect, if it is practicable and provided that it does not appreciably modify the composition of the alloy. , as could be the case when heating with charcoal.

      In carrying out the invention, it is advantageous to ensure that at the start of nitriding, the surfaces of the alloy with which the nitriding gas is brought into contact are still under the action of the reducing agent, by example by still being moistened with corrosive acid. This result can easily be achieved by starting there nitriding immediately after the surfaces of the alloy have been etched or treated and while they are still under the influence of the reducing agent.



  Example: Consider a stainless steel (sold under the registered trademark "Staybrite") containing 18% chromium and 8% nickel. This alloy is first subjected to the action of a 50% hydrochloric acid bath.

   It is then washed in water, dried and placed in a nitriding furnace observing the normal conditions under which the nitriding process is carried out, the temperature being 5000 C. At the end of the process, samples of this treated alloy were compared with other samples of the same steel subjected to the same nitriding, but which had not been previously treated with a corrosive acid which liberates hydrogen. It has been found that an essential increase in surface hardness is obtained by carrying out the process according to the present invention.



  Other examples of steels giving similar results using this process are: (a) stainless steel containing 14% chromium, 0.2% nickel, 0.3% carbon;

   (b) steel of 220% chromium, 12% nickel, 3% tungsten, 0.3% carbon;

            (c) a steel with 12% nickel, 4% chromium, 50% manganese, 0.5% carbon.



  The application of the process is not limited to steels of the particular compositions indicated above, but is of general application to steels which do not rust or stain, which may contain a high proportion of chromium, or which are austenitic in structure and contain a relatively large total amount of nickel and chromium.

 

Claims (1)

REVENDICATIONS I Procédé de durcissement en surface d'alli ages d'acier inoxydables, par nitruration, caractérisé en ce que l'on traite les surfaces desdits alliages avec un agent réducteur en vue d'en réduire le film d'oxyde qu'elles présentent; sans modifier la composition des alliages, et en ce que l'on soumet ensuite les surfaces ainsi traitées à la nitruration, avant qu'elles aient subi une transformation quelconque de leur surface. II Alliage d'acier inoxydable, durci en sur face par le procédé selon la revendication I. SOUS-REVENDICATIONS 1 Procédé selon la revendication I, dans le quel l'agent réducteur est de l'hydrogène. CLAIMS I Process for the surface hardening of stainless steel alloys, by nitriding, characterized in that the surfaces of said alloys are treated with a reducing agent in order to reduce the oxide film that they present. ; without modifying the composition of the alloys, and in that the surfaces thus treated are then subjected to nitriding, before they have undergone any transformation of their surface. II A stainless steel alloy, surface hardened by the process according to claim I. SUB-CLAIMS 1 The process according to claim I, in which the reducing agent is hydrogen. 2 Procédé selon la revendication I et la sous- revendication 1, dans lequel l'hydrogène est obtenu par attaque de l'alliage avec un acide. 3 Procédé selon la revendication I et les sous- revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel ledit acide est de l'acide chlorhydrique. 4 Procédé selon la revendication I, dans le quel on soumet les surfaces é, la nitruration alors qu'elles sont encore sous l'influence de l'agent réducteur. 2 The method of claim I and sub-claim 1, wherein the hydrogen is obtained by attacking the alloy with an acid. 3 The method of claim I and sub-claims 1 and 2, wherein said acid is hydrochloric acid. 4 The method of claim I, in which the surfaces are subjected to nitriding while they are still under the influence of the reducing agent.
CH163070D 1932-07-18 1932-07-18 A process for surface hardening alloys of stainless steel and stainless steel alloy, surface hardened by this process. CH163070A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH163070T 1932-07-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CH163070A true CH163070A (en) 1933-07-31

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CH163070D CH163070A (en) 1932-07-18 1932-07-18 A process for surface hardening alloys of stainless steel and stainless steel alloy, surface hardened by this process.

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CH (1) CH163070A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE746003C (en) * 1939-01-27 1944-12-13 Bmw Flugmotorenbau Ges M B H Improvement of the nitriding ability of austenitic steels or corrosion-resistant steel alloys
DE758506C (en) * 1940-10-19 1954-06-14 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Process for protecting individual surface areas of workpieces made of steel against hardening during nitriding
EP0812929A1 (en) * 1996-06-13 1997-12-17 Ipsen International GmbH Process of nitriding and/or carbonitriding metallic workpieces
FR2863629A1 (en) * 2003-12-12 2005-06-17 Etudes Const Mecaniques Device for the hot physicochemical treatment of mechanical components, notably for the cementation of steel components comprises hot cleaning enclosure, hot physicochemical enclosure and transport system

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE746003C (en) * 1939-01-27 1944-12-13 Bmw Flugmotorenbau Ges M B H Improvement of the nitriding ability of austenitic steels or corrosion-resistant steel alloys
DE758506C (en) * 1940-10-19 1954-06-14 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Process for protecting individual surface areas of workpieces made of steel against hardening during nitriding
EP0812929A1 (en) * 1996-06-13 1997-12-17 Ipsen International GmbH Process of nitriding and/or carbonitriding metallic workpieces
FR2863629A1 (en) * 2003-12-12 2005-06-17 Etudes Const Mecaniques Device for the hot physicochemical treatment of mechanical components, notably for the cementation of steel components comprises hot cleaning enclosure, hot physicochemical enclosure and transport system

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