CA3107724A1 - Parking facility and associated method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a parking facility (10, 10a) for land-based motor vehicles, comprising beams for supporting ends of concrete slabs by means of connecting plates that are fastened to said beams and by means of a concrete strip connecting said ends of the concrete slabs.

Description

PARKING LOT AND ASSOCIATED PROCESS
FIELD
The present invention relates to the field of parks motorized land vehicle parking. More specifically, she relates to the area of load-bearing car parks in wood.
CONTEXT

[002] In conventional construction, a parking lot for vehicles motorized land such as, for example, automobiles or motorcycles is generally carried out by traditional masonry techniques which include the construction of concrete poles and the pouring of Imposing concrete slabs directly at the construction site. The logistics of this type of parking lot are well controlled but requires manufacturing. Also, the manufacture of small units of parking near towns or in towns is difficult due to the even on-site construction. Moreover, such a park of parking lot cannot be dismantled in any way simple and even less to be traced to another location.

To date, no satisfactory solution has been found. Yet the ease of installation coupled with the possibility of assembly / disassembly of a car park are major challenges to be met in a optics to allow the installation of a parking lot given in a given place for a relatively short given time (a few years) compared to car parks existing. Indeed, the development of car parks innovations is part of current public policies aimed at to promote multimodal travel (several types of transport modes transport). In addition, transport habits should strongly evolve in the years to come due to restrictions on the use of individual vehicles in city centers so that it will suit to be able to give users the opportunity to park their vehicle as close as possible to another mode of transport by carrying out facilities quickly parking facilities.
Also, demonstrability turns out to be an important criterion to avoid to geographically freeze the logic of movement.

[004] The aim of the invention is in particular to provide a simple solution and economic to the aforementioned problems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To this end, this document proposes a self-supporting structure, more specifically a parking lot for land vehicles, in particularly motorized, including:
- a wooden structure with at least two primary beams extending in a first direction and secondary beams connecting the primary beams and extending along a second direction distinct from the first direction, poles extending in a third direction perpendicular to said first and second directions and supporting said ends of said primary beams, - at least one metal plate being integral with one face of a primary beam oriented in the third direction, organs connection being integral with the metal plate and arranged in projection in said third direction, - a concrete slab being formed in contact with the metal plate of way the connecting members being embedded in the concrete slab.

This document also relates to a self-supporting structure land vehicles, in particular motorized vehicles, comprising:

- a wooden structure with at least two primary beams extending in a first direction and secondary beams connecting the primary beams and extending along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, columns extending in a third direction perpendicular to said first and second directions and supporting said ends of said primary beams, - at least one metal plate being integral with one face of a primary beam oriented in the third direction, organs connection being integral with the metal plate and arranged in projection in said third direction, - a concrete slab being formed in contact with the metal plate of so that the connecting members are embedded in the slab concrete.

[007] The parking lot or more generally the structure self-supporting, thus configured comprises a load-bearing wooden structure and a structure of circulation, parking and more generally of vehicle support which is concrete. The wood / concrete connection is made by connecting members integral with the metal plate and formed projecting in the third direction, these connecting members allowing to make a rigid connection between the plate and the concrete slab. The slab concrete is intended to form a circulation floor, parking and more generally vehicle support and is therefore horizontal.

[008] The concrete slab can thus be poured directly on site above of the metal plate but it can also be formed of several first concrete slabs connected by a connecting strip like this appears in the following paragraph. These first concrete slabs are thus unitary elements assembled together to form all or part of the concrete slab. Indeed, the concrete slab can include a first row of first concrete slab.

[009] Thus, in a specific embodiment, the concrete slab can understand :
- a plurality of first concrete slabs arranged side by side along of the first direction between said primary beams and comprising first edges extending along the first direction, preferably aligned with each other, - a concrete binding strip formed in contact with the plate metallic and in contact with the first edges of the first slabs concrete, the connecting members being embedded in the connecting strip.

[010] It is understood that the concrete slab can include several first unit elements of concrete slabs or first concrete slabs which assembled together form the concrete slab.

[011] In this configuration, the concrete slab comprises elements individual, i.e. the first concrete slabs that can be supplied pre-assembled / pre-assembled on the structure's manufacturing site self-supporting, more particularly of the parking lot, so that the necessary production time is reduced, as well as simplifies the operations to be carried out on site. Unlike the technique classic, it is proposed here to make the structure in wood, a material ecological if any, to add the first concrete slabs preassembled whose assembly with the wooden structure is carried out with a connecting strip arranged between the first concrete slabs and in contact with the metal connecting plate.

[012] The combination of a metal plate, of connecting members in protrusion and a concrete binding strip allows a quick and easy assembly of concrete slabs with the wooden structure.

[013] This innovative design makes it possible to prefabricate all of the basic elements, namely primary beams, secondary beams and first concrete slabs in the workshop and having to make only the one assembly on site.

[014] Each first prefabricated concrete slab may extend from one primary beam to another primary beam. Every first concrete slab may have a substantially rectangular shape such that the first edges are formed on the short edges of said shape 5 rectangular.

[015] According to another characteristic of the invention, the concrete slab or else said connecting strip may connect one end of the primary beam to an opposite end of said primary beam considered. Of this way, the connection between the concrete slab or the connecting strip and the beam primary is carried out over the entire length of the primary beam. In the more specific case where the concrete slab includes a connecting strip, we thus obtains a mechanical connection between the first concrete slabs and the primary beams over the entire length of the primary beams.

[016] The concrete slab can include a metal frame embedded in a concrete matrix. This metal frame covers the plate metal and the connecting members pass through the metal frame according to the third direction. The metal frame is preferably arranged, in the third direction, between the metal plate and the heads of the liaison bodies. The metal frame extends in a plane comprising the first direction and the second direction.

[017] Preferably, each first concrete slab can include a first metal frame embedded in a concrete matrix, said first metal frame of each first slab comprising a portion formed protruding in the second direction relative to the first edges of the first concrete slabs and being embedded in said concrete connecting strip. In this configuration, the portions of the first metal reinforcements of the metal reinforcement are arranged above a metal plate, the connecting members crossing the first metal frames.

[018] Each first concrete slab can also include orifices of reservation formed in the thickness of the first concrete slabs and regularly arranged along the first direction. These holes prove to be useful after disassembly of the assembly according to the invention for allow the insertion of new metal bars which can make a new reinforcement, parts of which are protruding from the at the first edges of the concrete slabs.

[019] When a first concrete slab is in place between beams primary, said reservation orifices may extend according to the second direction. In addition, the orifices may lead to the level of the first edges.

[020] According to one characteristic of the invention, the self-supporting structure and more particularly parking lot includes seconds concrete slabs whose first edges are arranged, according to the second direction facing the first edges of the first concrete slabs, the bonding strip firmly connecting the first edges of the first slabs and the first edges of the second slabs. Thus, the fixing is carried out between two concrete slabs aligned in the second direction with a same connecting strip and on a metal plate of the same beam primary. In this configuration, the portions of the second reinforcements of the metal frame are arranged above a metallic plate, the connecting members passing through the seconds metal frames.

[021] More generally, the concrete slab can comprise N rows each comprising unit elements of concrete slab, named K-th concrete slab, which together form all or part of the concrete slab.
Each Kth row, K varying from 1 to N, comprising K-th slabs concrete. The first edges of the K-th concrete slabs are arranged in a with respect to the first edges of the K-th +1 concrete slabs. Each K-th row of K-th concrete slabs extends in the first direction.

[022] In this specific configuration, the projecting portions of the first and second metal frames are connected to each other by a connecting strip.

[023] The second concrete slabs can comprise orifices of reservation as described above with reference to first concrete slabs.

[024] In a practical embodiment of the invention, the connecting members include a body elongated in the third direction and one of which end is fixed to the metal plate by welding. Also, the metal plate can be nailed to said face of the primary beam. The carrying out a nailing operation of the plate makes it possible to fix the metallic interface carrying the connecting members by an operation widely recognized for its reliability and accepted by standards in force.

[025] The plate could also be fixed by screwing so as to ensure better resistance to tearing forces and simplify fixing the plate to the primary beam.

[026] In addition, one end of each connecting member can comprise an elongated body, in the third direction, one end of which is connected to the plate and of which an opposite end comprises a head delimiting a shoulder with the body. This shoulder allows make an adequate connection of each rod with the concrete of the strip link.

[027] The secondary beams can be connected at their ends to primary beams by means of fixing brackets. Each stirrup is fixed by screws or preferably by lag screws to the primary beams and is fixed to the secondary beams by bolting.

[028] The invention also relates to a method of mounting a self-supporting structure and more particularly of a park of parking as described above and including the steps following:
a) Arrange the posts in the vertical direction, b) Connect the said posts to the means of the primary beams, the said primary beams being supported by said columns, c) Arrange said secondary beams between the primary beams and fixing their ends to said primary beams, d) Form a concrete slab so that it is in contact with the metal plate (30) and that the connecting members (34) are embedded in the concrete slab.

[029] The method can also comprise the following steps when this comprises a concrete slab comprising at least first concrete slabs as mentioned previously:
e) Arrange the first concrete slabs between the primary beams and above the secondary beams so that their first edges extend in the first direction, f) Pour a concrete bonding strip in contact with the plate metal and said first edges so as to cover said liaison bodies.

[030] Also, the method comprises a step g) subsequent to step f) which comprises making a cut along said first edges of the concrete slabs so as to separate said first concrete slabs of the wooden structure.

[031] Thus, when reservation orifices have been provided, it is possible to assemble the self-supporting structure and more particularly the park of parking, to dismantle it then to reassemble it, in a step h) subsequent to step g), by inserting metal fixing bars in the reservation holes of each concrete slab.

[032] The invention will be better understood and other details, characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the description following given by way of non-limiting example with reference to the drawings annexed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
- Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a structure self-supporting which is a parking lot according to the invention;
- Figure 2 is a schematic view on a larger scale of the area delimited in dotted lines in FIG. 1;
- Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of an assembly for parking lot according to the invention;
- Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of the connection a primary beam and a secondary beam for a set according to invention;
- Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view of the connection between two concrete slabs, at the level of a primary beam;
- Figure 6 is another schematic perspective view of the connection between two concrete slabs, at the level of a primary beam;
- Figure 7 is a schematic perspective and sectional view according to a plane parallel to the concrete slabs of the connection between two concrete slabs, at the level of a primary beam;
- Figure 8 is a schematic view along a sectional plane extending according to two secondary beams and crossing a primary beam.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[033] Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a park 10 of parking lot according to the invention comprising a plurality of modules 10a with a wooden structure and concrete slab as shown in figure 3. Figure 2 is here a schematic view of inclined beams 12 of bracing to ensure rigidity to the entire fleet parking 10 and essentially to limit deformations horizontal.

[034] Reference will be made to the first direction D1, second direction D2 and third direction D3 to describe the parking lot 10 in three-dimensional space. The aforementioned directions can all be perpendicular to each other two by two. The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 together define a horizontal plane and the third direction D3 defines an orientation perpendicular to said plane and 5 therefore oriented substantially vertically. Also, the first direction might not be strictly perpendicular to the second direction and therefore be distinct from the first direction, with the third direction perpendicular to the first direction and to the second direction.

[035] It should be understood that the term parking lot designates 10 any construction capable of allowing the parking of several vehicles, the size of said construction or the number of vehicles not being parameters that should make it possible to make a distinction semantics.

[036] Thus, FIG. 3 represents a part or module 10a of the fleet of parking lot illustrated in Figure 1. It is understood that said part 10a can also be considered as forming a parking lot in as such, as long as it is able to fulfill the function of parking for several vehicles. We will first describe a module 10a and its cooperation with other adjacent modules according to the three directions of space.

[037] This module 10a comprises a wooden structure comprising two primary beams 14 or primary horizontal support members which extend in a first direction Dl. They are parallel to each other the other and arranged at a distance from each other in the second direction D2. A plurality of secondary beams 16 or support elements secondary horizontals extend between the primary beams 14 and allow the connection of the primary beams 14 together. In construction, these secondary beams 16 are conventionally called joists. There is more secondary beams 16 than primary beams 14 for each module 10a. The module 10a further comprises posts 18 or vertical support members extending vertically, i.e.

in the third direction D3. Each post 18 is fixed by a lower end to a base 20 fixed to the ground and comprises a recess 22 formed on its height making it possible to support the ends of each of the primary beams 14. These ends of the primary beams 14 being fixed by bolting to the posts.

[038] Each primary beam 14 comprises a lower face 20 and a upper face 22 oriented in the third direction D3 as well as two side faces 24 oriented in the second direction D2.

[039] As shown in Figure 4, the ends of each beam secondary 16 include a slot 26 for receiving one second flat part 28b of a fixing bracket 28 which comprises a first part 28a plane perpendicular to the second part 28h. The first one part 28a is fixed, for example by lag screws, on a side face 24 of a primary beam 14. The second part 28h is fixed by bolting to the secondary beam. Each secondary beam 16 is aligned in the second direction D2 with another secondary beam 16 intended to make the connection with an adjacent module 10a. So we understands that a primary beam 14 belongs to a given modulus 10a but also to the immediately adjacent module since it is fixed on both sides according to the second direction D2 to other beams secondary 16.

[040] According to the invention, each upper face 22 of a primary beam 14 carries a metal plate 30 which is fixed to said upper face 22.
The thickness of the plate is best seen in figure 8. In a practical realization, the metal plate 30 is fixed by means of nails 32 passing through the plate 30 (figures 5 and 6) and extending in the thickness of the primary beam and in a direction forming an angle at least equal to 30 with respect to the plane formed by the directions Dl and D3 in order to resist pulling forces. The stage can still be fixed by tightening by means of screws engaged in direction D3. Platinum 30 carries connecting members 34 which project from the face upper 22 of the metal plate 30 in the third direction D3.
These connecting members 34 each comprise an elongated body 36 in the third direction D3. A lower end of the body is attached for example by welding on the plate 30 and an upper end wears a head 38 forming with the rest of the body 36 a shoulder (figure 8).

[041] Figures 3 and following show a particular embodiment in which the concrete slab forming a vehicle support floor consists of several first concrete slabs and connecting strips as will appear clearly in the remainder of the description.

[042] Thus, Figure 3 shows a plurality of first concrete slabs 40a arranged side by side along the first direction D1 between said primary beams 14 and comprising first edges 42 extending in the first direction Dl. These first edges 42 are here aligned with each other and are arranged so that they do not do not relate to the 30 metal plates. As is clearly visible in this figure, each concrete slab 40a has a substantially rectangular comprising the first two edges 42 or short edges connected to two second edges 44 or long edges (Figures 3, 5 and 6). The second edges 44 thus extend in the second direction D2.

[043] In order to allow quick and easy assembly on site, it is proposed to prefabricate the first 40a concrete slabs, as well as the second concrete slabs 40b. Thus, each slab 40a comprises a first metal reinforcement 46 or wire mesh embedded in a layer or concrete matrix. The first metal frame of each slab 40a is formed so as to have protruding portions 48 in the second direction D2 relative to the first edges 42 of the first slabs concrete 40a. In this way, said protruding portions 46 of the first metal frames 46 are arranged above the plates metal 30. A projecting portion of a first metal frame a first slab 40a being arranged facing each other according to the second direction D2 with a portion 48 projecting from a second frame 46 metal of a second adjacent slab 40b in the second direction D2.

[044] According to the invention, a concrete binding strip 50 is formed on the metal plate 30 and shaped by an appropriate formwork so to make the connection between the first edges of the first slabs and second slabs (Figures 3, 6 and 8). Concrete binding tape 50 allows a rigid connection of the two concrete slabs 40a, 40b to the by means of the projecting portions 48 of the metal frames 46. The strip 50 concrete link thus formed achieves a perfect junction of first slabs 40a with second slabs 40b arranged on both sides other of a primary beam 14.

[045] As illustrated in Figure 8, each link member 34 is dimensioned and the first and second metal reinforcements 30 slabs 40a, 40b are positioned so that the head of each connecting member 34 is arranged higher than the reinforcements metal 46. In this way, the heads 38 of the connecting members 34 can be located in an upper part of the connecting strip 50 corresponding in operation to a compression layer. Of preferably, the connecting member 34 should have a dimension according to the third direction D3 greater than or equal to half the thickness of the connecting strip 50.

[046] The parking lot 10a proposed here allows easy assembly on site as well as simple disassembly when holes 52 of reservation are provided in the concrete slabs 40a, 40b during the manufacture of these in the workshop. Figures 5 and 6 represent reservation holes 52 formed in the slabs 40a, 40b. These holes 52 are provided to emerge in the second direction D2 and at the level of the first edges 42 of the slabs. These orifices 52 are of course initially closed during an initial installation of the park 10, 10a of parking lot to prevent the concrete of the connecting strip 50 from obturation.

[047] The initial assembly of the parking lot 10a is carried out from the as follows:
a) The posts 18 are arranged in the vertical direction D3, b) said posts 18 are connected by means of primary beams 14, said primary beams 14 being supported by said posts 18, c) Said secondary beams 16 are placed between the beams primary beams 14 and fix their ends to said primary beams 14, d) The concrete slab is formed so that it is in contact with the metal plate (30) and that the connecting members (34) are embedded in the concrete slab.

[048] When the concrete slab is formed with at least the first slabs concrete and potentially with also second slabs:
e) We arrange the first concrete slabs 40a between the beams primary 14 and above the secondary beams 16 so that their first edges 42 extend along the first direction Dl, f) Pour a concrete binding strip 50 in contact with the plate 30 metal and said first edges 42 so as to cover said link members 34.

[049] Obviously, when one wishes to make a connection like this is shown in Figure 5 between the first concrete slabs 40a and second concrete slabs 40b arranged on either side of a beam primary 14, according to the second direction, a placement of the second slabs 40b before casting the connecting strip 50. The band link 50 then providing the link between the first edges 42 of the first slabs 40a concrete and second slabs 40b concrete.

[050] When, after several years of use, it is desired to dismantle the parking lot 10, 10a, it is then sufficient in a step g) to cut the connecting strip 50 at the level of the first edges 42 of the first slabs 40a and, where appropriate, second slabs 40b. The cutout eliminates, of course, also the protruding portions 48 metal reinforcements 46 which can however be replaced in 5 a step h) by means of substitution metal bars which are inserted into the reservation holes 52 before reassembling the park 10, 10a parking.

[051] It should be noted that the circulation of vehicles will be planned to be carried out in the second direction D2 so that the braking forces 10 can best be transmitted to the wooden structure.

[052] It should be understood that the present description also relates to a park parking lot in which the concrete slab is one-piece and does not include no first concrete slabs and second concrete slabs. In such realization, the concrete slab is poured directly above the plates 15 metal 30 by a suitable formwork and allows to form the areas of concrete previously formed by the first and second concrete slabs. The method of producing this parking lot then comprises the steps a) to d). We understand that this parking lot is more difficult to dismantle due to the lack of use of several first and second concrete slabs.

Claims (17)

16 1. Self-supporting structure, such as a park (10, 10a) of parking of land vehicles, in particular motorized vehicles, comprising:
- a wooden structure with at least two primary beams (14) extending in a first direction (D1) and beams secondary (16) connecting the primary beams (14) and extending in a second direction (D2) distinct from the first direction (D1), posts (18) extending in a third direction (D3) perpendicular to said first (D1) and second directions (D2) and supporting said ends of said primary beams (14), - at least one metal plate (30) being integral with one face of a primary beam (14) oriented in the third direction (D3), connecting members (34) being integral with the metal plate (30) and arranged projecting in said third direction (D3), - a concrete slab being formed in contact with the metal plate (30) so that the connecting members (34) are embedded in the concrete slab. 2. Self-supporting structure according to claim 1, wherein the concrete slab includes:
- a plurality of first concrete slabs (40a) arranged side by side along the first direction (D1) between said primary beams (14) and comprising first edges (42) extending along the first direction (D1), preferably aligned with each other other, - a concrete binding strip (50) formed in contact with the plate (30) metallic and in contact with the first edges (42) of the first concrete slabs (40a), the connecting members (34) being embedded in the binding strip (50). 3. Self-supporting structure according to claim 2, wherein each first concrete slab (40a, 40b) comprises a first reinforcement metal embedded in a concrete matrix, said first reinforcement metal of each first concrete slab (40a, 40b) comprising a portion formed protruding in the second direction (D2) relative to the first edges (42) of the first concrete slabs (40a, 40b) and being embedded in said concrete bonding strip (50). 4. Structure self-supporting machine according to claim 3, in which each first concrete slab (40a) comprises reservation holes (52) formed in the thickness of the first concrete slabs (40a, 40b) and arranged regularly along the first direction (D1). 5. Structure self-supporting machine according to claim 4, in which said reservation orifices (52) extend in the second direction (D2). 6. Self-supporting structure according to one of claims 2 to 5, in which it comprises second (40b) concrete slabs including the first edges (42) are arranged, in the second direction vis-à-vis the first edges of the first concrete slabs, the connecting strip (50) firmly connecting the first edges (42) of the first slabs (40a) and the first edges (42) second slabs (40b). 7. Self-supporting structure according to one of claims 2 to 6, wherein said connecting strip (50) connects one end of the beam (14) primary at an opposite end of said primary beam considered. 8. Self-supporting structure according to one of claims 1 to 7, in which each connecting member (34) comprises an elongate body along the third direction (D3), one end of which is fixed to the plate (30) metallic by welding. 9. Self-supporting structure according to one of claims 1 to 8, in which each connecting member (34) comprises an elongate body according to the third direction (D3), one end of the body (36) being fixed to the platinum (30) metallic and an opposite end comprising a head (38) delimiting a shoulder with the body (36). 10. Self-supporting structure according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which each concrete slab comprises a metallic reinforcement (46) embedded in a concrete matrix. 11. Self-supporting structure according to one of claims 1 to 10, in which the secondary beams (16) are connected at their ends to the primary beams (14) by means of fixing brackets (28). 12. Self-supporting structure according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein said at least one metal plate (30) is nailed or screwed to said face of the primary beam (14). 13. Structure self-supporting according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein said second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. 14. Process assembly of a self-supporting structure according to one of claims 1 to 13, in which it comprises the following steps:
a) Arrange the posts (18) in the vertical direction, b) Connect said posts (18) by means of primary beams (14), said primary beams (14) being supported by said posts (18), c) Arrange said secondary beams (16) between the beams primary beams (14) and fix their ends to said primary beams (14), d) Form a concrete slab so that it is in contact with the metal plate (30) and that the connecting members (34) are embedded in the concrete slab. 15. Method according to claim 14 for the installation of a self-supporting structure according to claim 2, wherein step d) includes:
e) Arrange the first concrete slabs (40a, 40b) between the beams primary (14) and above the secondary beams (16) of so that their first edges (42) extend along the first direction (D1), f) Pour a concrete bonding strip (50) in contact with the plate (50) metallic and said first edges (42) so as to covering said connecting members (34). 16. The method of claim 15, wherein it comprises a step g) subsequent to step f) which comprises making a cut along said first edges (32) of the concrete slabs (40a, 40b) so in separating said first concrete slabs (40a, 40b) from the structure wood. 17. The method of claim 16 for mounting a self-supporting structure according to claim 4, in which it comprises in in addition to a step h) subsequent to step g) which comprises the insertion of metal bars in the holes (52) for reserving each slab (40a, 40b) concrete.