CA2866193A1 - Coin blank and method for the production thereof - Google Patents
Coin blank and method for the production thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2866193A1 CA2866193A1 CA2866193A CA2866193A CA2866193A1 CA 2866193 A1 CA2866193 A1 CA 2866193A1 CA 2866193 A CA2866193 A CA 2866193A CA 2866193 A CA2866193 A CA 2866193A CA 2866193 A1 CA2866193 A1 CA 2866193A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- copper
- doping
- coin
- nickel layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C21/00—Coins; Emergency money; Beer or gambling coins or tokens, or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
- C25D5/505—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment of electroplated tin coatings, e.g. by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/627—Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/005—Jewels; Clockworks; Coins
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Coins consisting of a steel core and a nickel surface layer are internationally known, as are coins with a copper surface layer. In circulating coins, nickel remains shiny, while copper becomes dull and dark, whereby the coin loses aesthetic appeal. In contrast to nickel, however, copper has antimicrobial properties. The objective is to provide a coin blank from which a coin can be stamped that permanently retains its shine and also has antimicrobial properties. The coin blank according to the invention consists of a core made of an iron material (1) with a surface layer (2) made of nickel which has ultra-finely dispersed doping (3), preferably consisting of copper, on and near the surface.
Description
Translation of International Patent Application PCT/EP2012/000842 Coin Blank and Method for the Production thereof The invention relates to a coin blank comprising a core material consisting of an iron material, which is coated with an outer nickel layer.
Coin blanks of an iron material plated with nickel or in particular galvanically coated with nickel are internationally commonly used. Coins minted thereof are liked by users as currency because of their permanently bright metallic shine.
Nickel also excellently satisfies the function of corrosion protection and abrasion resistance for a long use as circulating coin.
However, nickel is partially avoided as a covering layer due to its allergen quali-ties or it is covered by a second layer of copper. DE 41 20 291 describes a coin blank comprising a core of an iron material, which is covered with a first layer of nickel and a second layer of copper and preferably with a third layer of nickel. A
double coating nickel-copper has also the known optical disadvantage that a cop-per covering layer becomes mat in long-term use. On the other hand, a triple coat-ing nickel-copper-nickel is involved and does, however, not have the advantage of an antimicrobial effect as a covering layer of copper has. This antimicrobial effect of copper and in particular of silver is commonly known.
Circulating coins have in general multitude contacts with persons and are there-fore also possible carriers of bacteria and other pathogen germs. Therefore, also in the past coins were minted massively of the metals silver and copper and of alloys therefrom, wherein also the strong antimicrobial effects of silver and copper be-came detectable. In the past, silver was also used as mintage metal with monetary value and also because of its fair shine. At the moment its use remains, however, because of the high silver price, mainly only restricted to commemorative coins.
Coins of copper or coppered coins comprising a steel core form during circulation after a relatively short time oxidic, matt, dark covering layers, by which such coins become quickly optically unattractive for the user, as it is the case at the moment with the euro coins of nominal 1, 2 and 5 cent. Internationally used coins with a nickel alloy or coins provided with a nickel layer comprising a steel core have in fact permanently a fair shine, but they do not have antimicrobial quali-ties. As it has been turned out users like more, however, circulating coins with a bright shine such that in general coins with nickel shine or coins with a matt copper surface are preferred.
It is an objective to provide a coin blank comprising a core of an iron material, which has permanently a shiny nickel layer and which is mintable to a coin, which has antimicrobial qualities.
According to the invention a coin blank comprises a core of an iron material and a nickel layer, into which a finely dispersed doping of the antimicrobial active met-als copper, silver, zinc, tin is introduced skin deep or close to surface. The doping has a penetration depth that into the nickel layer of 0.5 to 10 lam. On its surface the nickel layer comprises less than 100 % by mass of the doped metal, for exam-ple 18 to 65 % by mass, the rest nickel. At a concentration of more than 65 %
by mass the unintended change of color predominates, for example from silver to reddish color in a copper doping. At a concentration of less than 18 % by mass the antimicrobial effect as well as the reproducibility decreases. However, the ex-act limits of the optimal concentration of the doped metal may depend from the doped metal. In general, a range of 10 to 80 % by mass, in particular 18 to 65 %
by mass of the doped material are considered as advantageous.
According to the method a copper layer of 0.5 lam to 10 m is galvanically depos-ited on the steel core having a nickel layer of usual thickness. Thereafter, the coin blank is tempered 0.5 - 2 h at a temperature of 400 to 1200 C, by which accord-ing to the invention the doping of the surface of the nickel layer with copper is achieved. Surprisingly, the originally closed copper layer is dissolved and enters as doping completely into the nickel layer. Copper is present not any longer as separated layer, but it is detectable as doping of 2 - 20 % by mass Cu in the nick-el layer. The concentration of the doping in the nickel layer decreases continuous-ly from the surface of the coin blank to the core. The nickel shine remains and simultaneously the antimicrobial qualities of copper become effective.
According to the invention a doping of the nickel layer with another metal of the group of metals known to be antimicrobial effective such as silver, zinc, tin is possible ad-ditionally or instead of copper.
The advantages of such coins, which are minted of a coin blank according to the invention, are that first the aesthetic shine of the nickel layer also permanently remains during a long-time circulation of the coins and that a color change due to oxidation of copper or tarnishing of silver does not occur. A coin with a nickel lay-er is provided, which has the antimicrobial qualities of copper, silver, zinc, tin in form of a low doping of the region of the nickel layer close to the surface.
Surpris-ingly, it has turned out that a low doping according to the invention of the region of the nickel layer close to the surface has a high efficiency with respect to the antimicrobial effect of the circulating coins minted finally from the coin blanks according to the invention.
The coin blank according to the invention allows minting of circulating coins with a new quality, namely of coins comprising a core of an iron material, which have a bright shine due to a nickel coating and simultaneously amongst others the anti-microbial qualities of copper or silver.
The solution according to the invention does not exclude blanks for commemora-tive mintages, metals and similar applications. Just as well according to the in-vention objects, which have a surface of nickel or of a copper-free nickel alloy, are dopable with copper, silver, zinc or tin, as e.g. amongst others handles, door latches, fittings.
The invention refers therefore further to an object having a surface of a nickel containing material characterized in that the nickel containing material has on its surface a doping with at least a metal of the group of the metals copper, silver, zinc, tin. The nickel containing material may be nickel or a nickel alloy.
Nickel alloy may for example be formed with other metal except of copper, silver, zinc, tin.
The invention is described in the following with respect to an embodiment:
FIG. 1 shows the cross-section of a coin blank according to the invention.
1 - steel core 2 - galvanic nickel layer 3 - copper doping in the nickel layer The coin blank comprises a core / of a low alloyed steel commonly used for a coin mintage, which is coated with a galvanically deposited nickel layer 2 of thickness of 30 um, into which a copper doping 3 with an atomic distribution is inserted superficially and closed to the surface. The copper doping 3 has a penetration depth of 5 um into the nickel layer 2 and has a degressive concentration decline within the nickel layer 2.
FIG. 2a shows as prior art a cross-section through a commonly used coin blank coated with nickel.
FIG. 2b shows the cross-section of a coin blank according to the invention with a concentration profile of the copper doping 3 in the nickel layer 2.
2 drawing sheets follow
Coin blanks of an iron material plated with nickel or in particular galvanically coated with nickel are internationally commonly used. Coins minted thereof are liked by users as currency because of their permanently bright metallic shine.
Nickel also excellently satisfies the function of corrosion protection and abrasion resistance for a long use as circulating coin.
However, nickel is partially avoided as a covering layer due to its allergen quali-ties or it is covered by a second layer of copper. DE 41 20 291 describes a coin blank comprising a core of an iron material, which is covered with a first layer of nickel and a second layer of copper and preferably with a third layer of nickel. A
double coating nickel-copper has also the known optical disadvantage that a cop-per covering layer becomes mat in long-term use. On the other hand, a triple coat-ing nickel-copper-nickel is involved and does, however, not have the advantage of an antimicrobial effect as a covering layer of copper has. This antimicrobial effect of copper and in particular of silver is commonly known.
Circulating coins have in general multitude contacts with persons and are there-fore also possible carriers of bacteria and other pathogen germs. Therefore, also in the past coins were minted massively of the metals silver and copper and of alloys therefrom, wherein also the strong antimicrobial effects of silver and copper be-came detectable. In the past, silver was also used as mintage metal with monetary value and also because of its fair shine. At the moment its use remains, however, because of the high silver price, mainly only restricted to commemorative coins.
Coins of copper or coppered coins comprising a steel core form during circulation after a relatively short time oxidic, matt, dark covering layers, by which such coins become quickly optically unattractive for the user, as it is the case at the moment with the euro coins of nominal 1, 2 and 5 cent. Internationally used coins with a nickel alloy or coins provided with a nickel layer comprising a steel core have in fact permanently a fair shine, but they do not have antimicrobial quali-ties. As it has been turned out users like more, however, circulating coins with a bright shine such that in general coins with nickel shine or coins with a matt copper surface are preferred.
It is an objective to provide a coin blank comprising a core of an iron material, which has permanently a shiny nickel layer and which is mintable to a coin, which has antimicrobial qualities.
According to the invention a coin blank comprises a core of an iron material and a nickel layer, into which a finely dispersed doping of the antimicrobial active met-als copper, silver, zinc, tin is introduced skin deep or close to surface. The doping has a penetration depth that into the nickel layer of 0.5 to 10 lam. On its surface the nickel layer comprises less than 100 % by mass of the doped metal, for exam-ple 18 to 65 % by mass, the rest nickel. At a concentration of more than 65 %
by mass the unintended change of color predominates, for example from silver to reddish color in a copper doping. At a concentration of less than 18 % by mass the antimicrobial effect as well as the reproducibility decreases. However, the ex-act limits of the optimal concentration of the doped metal may depend from the doped metal. In general, a range of 10 to 80 % by mass, in particular 18 to 65 %
by mass of the doped material are considered as advantageous.
According to the method a copper layer of 0.5 lam to 10 m is galvanically depos-ited on the steel core having a nickel layer of usual thickness. Thereafter, the coin blank is tempered 0.5 - 2 h at a temperature of 400 to 1200 C, by which accord-ing to the invention the doping of the surface of the nickel layer with copper is achieved. Surprisingly, the originally closed copper layer is dissolved and enters as doping completely into the nickel layer. Copper is present not any longer as separated layer, but it is detectable as doping of 2 - 20 % by mass Cu in the nick-el layer. The concentration of the doping in the nickel layer decreases continuous-ly from the surface of the coin blank to the core. The nickel shine remains and simultaneously the antimicrobial qualities of copper become effective.
According to the invention a doping of the nickel layer with another metal of the group of metals known to be antimicrobial effective such as silver, zinc, tin is possible ad-ditionally or instead of copper.
The advantages of such coins, which are minted of a coin blank according to the invention, are that first the aesthetic shine of the nickel layer also permanently remains during a long-time circulation of the coins and that a color change due to oxidation of copper or tarnishing of silver does not occur. A coin with a nickel lay-er is provided, which has the antimicrobial qualities of copper, silver, zinc, tin in form of a low doping of the region of the nickel layer close to the surface.
Surpris-ingly, it has turned out that a low doping according to the invention of the region of the nickel layer close to the surface has a high efficiency with respect to the antimicrobial effect of the circulating coins minted finally from the coin blanks according to the invention.
The coin blank according to the invention allows minting of circulating coins with a new quality, namely of coins comprising a core of an iron material, which have a bright shine due to a nickel coating and simultaneously amongst others the anti-microbial qualities of copper or silver.
The solution according to the invention does not exclude blanks for commemora-tive mintages, metals and similar applications. Just as well according to the in-vention objects, which have a surface of nickel or of a copper-free nickel alloy, are dopable with copper, silver, zinc or tin, as e.g. amongst others handles, door latches, fittings.
The invention refers therefore further to an object having a surface of a nickel containing material characterized in that the nickel containing material has on its surface a doping with at least a metal of the group of the metals copper, silver, zinc, tin. The nickel containing material may be nickel or a nickel alloy.
Nickel alloy may for example be formed with other metal except of copper, silver, zinc, tin.
The invention is described in the following with respect to an embodiment:
FIG. 1 shows the cross-section of a coin blank according to the invention.
1 - steel core 2 - galvanic nickel layer 3 - copper doping in the nickel layer The coin blank comprises a core / of a low alloyed steel commonly used for a coin mintage, which is coated with a galvanically deposited nickel layer 2 of thickness of 30 um, into which a copper doping 3 with an atomic distribution is inserted superficially and closed to the surface. The copper doping 3 has a penetration depth of 5 um into the nickel layer 2 and has a degressive concentration decline within the nickel layer 2.
FIG. 2a shows as prior art a cross-section through a commonly used coin blank coated with nickel.
FIG. 2b shows the cross-section of a coin blank according to the invention with a concentration profile of the copper doping 3 in the nickel layer 2.
2 drawing sheets follow
Claims (7)
1. Coin blank with a core of a iron material, which is provided with a nickel coating, characterized in that the nickel coating (2) comprises on its surface a doping of at least one metal of the list of metals copper, silver, zinc, tin.
2. Coin blank according to claim 1, characterized in that the doping (3) of the metal in the nickel layer (2) comprises a penetration depth of 0.5 to 10 µm.
3. Coin blank according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the doping (3) of the metal in the nickel layer (2) decreases with increasing distance from the surface of the nickel layer (2) continuously.
4. Coin blank according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the nickel layer (2) is doped with copper and that the copper doping at the surface of the nickel layer (2) has a concentration of 18 to 65 % by mass.
5. Method for manufacturing a coin blank with a core of an iron material on which a nickel layer is deposited characterized in that on the nickel layer a metal layer of 0.5 µm to 10 µm from the list consisting of copper, silver, zinc, and tin, is deposited and that the metal layer is consecutively converted by a thermal treat-ment of the coin blank in a doping of regions of the nickel layer close to the sur-face.
6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the thermal treatment is carried out in a protective atmosphere at 400 - 1200°C.
7. Method according to claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the duration of the thermal treatment is 0.5 - 2 h.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2012/000842 WO2013127405A1 (en) | 2012-02-27 | 2012-02-27 | Coin blank and method for the production thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2866193A1 true CA2866193A1 (en) | 2013-09-06 |
Family
ID=45771777
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2866193A Abandoned CA2866193A1 (en) | 2012-02-27 | 2012-02-27 | Coin blank and method for the production thereof |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2819539B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2866193A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2014134922A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013127405A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201406070B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107299369A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2017-10-27 | 南京造币有限公司 | A kind of Surface coating cupro-nickel coin class product and its manufacture method |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT201700031070A1 (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2018-09-21 | Aquasan S R L | Silver ion release sterilization device, a process for making said device and filtering apparatus including said device |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4279968A (en) * | 1979-04-20 | 1981-07-21 | Sherritt Gordon Mines Limited | Coins and similarly disc-shaped articles |
| CA2013639C (en) * | 1990-04-02 | 1998-06-23 | Mitsuhiro Yasuda | Electroplated blank for coins, medallions and tokens |
| CA2019568C (en) | 1990-06-21 | 1998-11-24 | Hieu C. Truong | Coins coated with nickel, copper and nickel and process for making such coins |
| US20060286400A1 (en) * | 2005-06-17 | 2006-12-21 | Jarden Zinc Products, Inc. | Substrate with alloy finish and method of making |
| DE102010044741A1 (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2012-03-08 | Saxonia Eurocoin Gmbh | Coin blank for manufacturing coin, comprises core made of ferrous material, which has cover layer made of nickel provided close to surface of finely dispersed copper doping |
-
2012
- 2012-02-27 CA CA2866193A patent/CA2866193A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-02-27 EP EP12706201.6A patent/EP2819539B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-02-27 RU RU2014134922A patent/RU2014134922A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-02-27 WO PCT/EP2012/000842 patent/WO2013127405A1/en active Application Filing
-
2014
- 2014-08-19 ZA ZA2014/06070A patent/ZA201406070B/en unknown
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107299369A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2017-10-27 | 南京造币有限公司 | A kind of Surface coating cupro-nickel coin class product and its manufacture method |
| CN107299369B (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2019-08-20 | 南京造币有限公司 | A kind of surface cladding cupro-nickel coin class product and its manufacturing method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2819539A1 (en) | 2015-01-07 |
| ZA201406070B (en) | 2016-01-27 |
| RU2014134922A (en) | 2016-04-20 |
| WO2013127405A1 (en) | 2013-09-06 |
| EP2819539B1 (en) | 2016-04-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request |
Effective date: 20140827 |
|
| FZDE | Dead |
Effective date: 20170329 |