CA2858875A1 - Coin blank - Google Patents
Coin blank Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2858875A1 CA2858875A1 CA2858875A CA2858875A CA2858875A1 CA 2858875 A1 CA2858875 A1 CA 2858875A1 CA 2858875 A CA2858875 A CA 2858875A CA 2858875 A CA2858875 A CA 2858875A CA 2858875 A1 CA2858875 A1 CA 2858875A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- covering layer
- nickel
- layer
- coin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C21/00—Coins; Emergency money; Beer or gambling coins or tokens, or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/38—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/58—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/623—Porosity of the layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/627—Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Coins which consist of a steel core having an electrolytic covering layer composed of copper are internationally routine, e.g. the 1, 2 and 5 eurocent coins. Copper has the disadvantage that a matt patina is formed during use of the circulating coin, as a result of which gloss and the original colour are lost. It is an object of the invention to provide a coin blank which contains a steel core (1) having a covering layer (2) which is composed of copper/copper alloy and retains brightness and colour shade in long-term use of the coin minted therefrom. The covering layer (2) of the coin blank is, according to the invention doped with nickel (3), as a result of which copper-coloured brightness and constancy of colour of the minted circulating coins are ensured.
Description
Translation of International Patent Application PCT/ EP2012/ 003261 Description Coin blank The present invention relates to a coin blank with a core made of an iron material, preferably of steel, with a covering layer made of copper and/or of a copper alloy.
Coin blanks and coins minted therefrom whose core consists of steel and which are coated on its surface with a covering layer of an NE-metal, are known and commonly used. Besides of older mechanical plating procedures in particular galvanic coating of steel blanks has prevailed in general due to production orientated and economic reasons. Coating of coin blanks of steel with copper or copper alloys serves as corrosion protection of the highly corrosive steel core as well as for the coloring of the face value, for example by galvanic covering layers of copper or of a copper alloy, for example brass. Well-known examples are the coins of the 1-, 2- and 5-euro cents presently in circulation, which comprise a core of steel, which is galvanically copper-coated. The copper layer has typically a thickness of 20 p.m to 30 um or more.
From DE 29 32 229 steel coins are known, which are galvanically nickel-coated and have a permanent, typical nickel shine. In order to achieve this it is necessary that the nickel coating has a thickness of greater or equal to 10 um.
From DE 41 20 291 a coin blank is also known, which has a two- or multi-layer galvanic coating of the steel core with nickel, copper and nickel as most outer layer, wherein the thickness of the coating with respect to the weight of the blank amounts to 1 % Ni, 4 - 7 % Cu and 1 - 1.5 % Ni. This corresponds to a layer thickness of more than 10 lam each for the single layers.
Generally, such coins are preferred for circulating that have a steel core with a copper-colored galvanic covering layer. By this, a specific coloring of the coin is obtained as well as a corrosion protection of the steel core is pursued. A
galvanic copper layer has, however, the disadvantage that by using the coin frequently during circulation a matte patina is formed, through which the original shine of the copper coin surface is lost relatively fast. By this also the color changes seriously from the original copper red to an unsightly reddish brown. Similar effects occur for galvanic Translation of International Patent Application PCT/ EP2012/ 003261 covering layers, which are formed from a copper alloy such as CuZn or CuSn.
Also those surfaces lose their shine and their originally golden color.
Known coins, which consist of a steel core and are galvanically nickel-coated (DE
29 32 229, DE 41 20 291) are indeed more corrosion stable and keep their typical nickel shine while being used as circulating coins, but they are restricted to the silver color of nickel.
It is an object of the invention to provide a coin blank with a core of an iron material, in particular steel, which is provided with a covering layer of copper or of a copper alloy, wherein the covering layer maintains during frequent use of the circulating coin minted thereof sufficiently long the original copper shade or copper alloy shade and its shine and has therefore a high tarnish persistency.
According to the invention the object is solved with the features indicated in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are subject-matter of the dependent claims. The invention further relates to an object with a covering layer of copper or of a copper alloy and a nickel doping in the covering layer. A
coin blank, which comprises a steel core and which is provided with a covering layer of copper or of a copper alloy, is superficially doped with a very thin nickel coating.
In this process, the covering layer may be formed galvanically. Just as well, doping may be performed with nickel by an electrochemical or physical depositing of a nickel layer. In practice, the nickel doping maintains the intensive color of the copper layer and the shine of a circulating coin, which is minted from the coin blank according to the invention, is not lost during permanent use. The same positive effects regarding color stability and shine result from coins, which are minted from coin blanks, whose core contains steel or pre-coated steel, which is coated galvanically with a copper alloy such as for example CuZn or CuSn or even with a layer combination, such as Cu! CuZn or Cu! CuSn, if the covering layer is doped with nickel according to the invention. The nickel doping according to the invention does result in no or only in a minimal visual recognizable change of the color of the coin blanks with respect to undoped coin blanks.
The superficially nickel doped coin blank according to the invention allows for minting of circulating coins, which contain a steel core, which is coated galvanically with copper and/or a copper alloy, in a new quality of coins.
These coins guarantee a permanent shine and color stability of the respective covering Translation of International Patent Application PCT/ EP2012/ 003261 layers of copper, brass (CuZn) or bronze (CuSn) or in terms of color analogous copper alloys, as for example aluminum bronze (CuAl).
The solution according to the invention does also not exclude blanks for memorial coinages, medals and similar special cases of a galvanic coating. Just as well objects, which have a surface of copper or a copper alloy may be superficially doped with nickel, in order to make the original shine permanent, if a tarnishing caused by aging of the copper surface or the copper alloy is not desired, e.g.
for fittings, handles, armatures etc.
The invention is detailed in what follows according to two embodiments:
FIG. 1 illustrates the cross section through a coin blank of steel with a galvanic copper layer as covering layer with nickel doping according to the invention 1 ¨ steel core 2 ¨ galvanic copper covering layer 3 ¨ nickel doping in the copper layer The coin blank comprises a core (1) made of an iron material, for example a low alloyed steel, such as for example DC04 steel according to the European norm.
The core is covered pore-free with a galvanic copper layer (2) with the usual thickness in the range of 10 gm to 30 gm. On this covering layer of copper (2) a very thin nickel layer of a thickness of 0.5 gm to 3 gm is deposited, which migrates in form of a doping (3) into the surface of the covering layer (2) due to a final thermal treatment of the coin blank in a protective atmosphere, by which the permanent copper color of the covering layer as well as corrosion persistency is guaranteed. The nickel doping amounts at the surface of the copper layer 1 to percent by mass, for example 2 percent by mass, with respect to copper in the surface area and continuous with a declining concentration gradient towards zero within the copper layer. If the concentration of nickel in the surface is higher than 10 % by mass, the color of the coin blank changes. If the concentration of nickel is lower than 1 % by mass, the tarnish persistency of the coin blank deteriorates.
FIG. 2 illustrates the cross section through a coin blank of steel with a galvanic layer combination of copper as intermediate layer and copper-zinc (brass)as covering layer with nickel doping Translation of International Patent Application PCT/ EP2012/ 003261 1' ¨ steel core 2' ¨ galvanic copper intermediate layer 2" ¨ galvanic copper-zinc-alloy (brass) covering layer 3 ¨ nickel doping in the copper-zinc-covering layer FIG. 3 illustrates the concentration gradient of the nickel doping across the cross section of a coin blank with a galvanic covering layer of copper according to FIG.
1. The galvanic covering layer has for example a layer thickness of 30 um, which is deposited on the core (1) of iron material. The covering layer (2) comprises a nickel doping (3). At the surface of the coin blank the nickel doping (3) has a concentration of approximately 2 percent by mass. The concentration declines with growing distance to the surface.
Coin blanks and coins minted therefrom whose core consists of steel and which are coated on its surface with a covering layer of an NE-metal, are known and commonly used. Besides of older mechanical plating procedures in particular galvanic coating of steel blanks has prevailed in general due to production orientated and economic reasons. Coating of coin blanks of steel with copper or copper alloys serves as corrosion protection of the highly corrosive steel core as well as for the coloring of the face value, for example by galvanic covering layers of copper or of a copper alloy, for example brass. Well-known examples are the coins of the 1-, 2- and 5-euro cents presently in circulation, which comprise a core of steel, which is galvanically copper-coated. The copper layer has typically a thickness of 20 p.m to 30 um or more.
From DE 29 32 229 steel coins are known, which are galvanically nickel-coated and have a permanent, typical nickel shine. In order to achieve this it is necessary that the nickel coating has a thickness of greater or equal to 10 um.
From DE 41 20 291 a coin blank is also known, which has a two- or multi-layer galvanic coating of the steel core with nickel, copper and nickel as most outer layer, wherein the thickness of the coating with respect to the weight of the blank amounts to 1 % Ni, 4 - 7 % Cu and 1 - 1.5 % Ni. This corresponds to a layer thickness of more than 10 lam each for the single layers.
Generally, such coins are preferred for circulating that have a steel core with a copper-colored galvanic covering layer. By this, a specific coloring of the coin is obtained as well as a corrosion protection of the steel core is pursued. A
galvanic copper layer has, however, the disadvantage that by using the coin frequently during circulation a matte patina is formed, through which the original shine of the copper coin surface is lost relatively fast. By this also the color changes seriously from the original copper red to an unsightly reddish brown. Similar effects occur for galvanic Translation of International Patent Application PCT/ EP2012/ 003261 covering layers, which are formed from a copper alloy such as CuZn or CuSn.
Also those surfaces lose their shine and their originally golden color.
Known coins, which consist of a steel core and are galvanically nickel-coated (DE
29 32 229, DE 41 20 291) are indeed more corrosion stable and keep their typical nickel shine while being used as circulating coins, but they are restricted to the silver color of nickel.
It is an object of the invention to provide a coin blank with a core of an iron material, in particular steel, which is provided with a covering layer of copper or of a copper alloy, wherein the covering layer maintains during frequent use of the circulating coin minted thereof sufficiently long the original copper shade or copper alloy shade and its shine and has therefore a high tarnish persistency.
According to the invention the object is solved with the features indicated in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are subject-matter of the dependent claims. The invention further relates to an object with a covering layer of copper or of a copper alloy and a nickel doping in the covering layer. A
coin blank, which comprises a steel core and which is provided with a covering layer of copper or of a copper alloy, is superficially doped with a very thin nickel coating.
In this process, the covering layer may be formed galvanically. Just as well, doping may be performed with nickel by an electrochemical or physical depositing of a nickel layer. In practice, the nickel doping maintains the intensive color of the copper layer and the shine of a circulating coin, which is minted from the coin blank according to the invention, is not lost during permanent use. The same positive effects regarding color stability and shine result from coins, which are minted from coin blanks, whose core contains steel or pre-coated steel, which is coated galvanically with a copper alloy such as for example CuZn or CuSn or even with a layer combination, such as Cu! CuZn or Cu! CuSn, if the covering layer is doped with nickel according to the invention. The nickel doping according to the invention does result in no or only in a minimal visual recognizable change of the color of the coin blanks with respect to undoped coin blanks.
The superficially nickel doped coin blank according to the invention allows for minting of circulating coins, which contain a steel core, which is coated galvanically with copper and/or a copper alloy, in a new quality of coins.
These coins guarantee a permanent shine and color stability of the respective covering Translation of International Patent Application PCT/ EP2012/ 003261 layers of copper, brass (CuZn) or bronze (CuSn) or in terms of color analogous copper alloys, as for example aluminum bronze (CuAl).
The solution according to the invention does also not exclude blanks for memorial coinages, medals and similar special cases of a galvanic coating. Just as well objects, which have a surface of copper or a copper alloy may be superficially doped with nickel, in order to make the original shine permanent, if a tarnishing caused by aging of the copper surface or the copper alloy is not desired, e.g.
for fittings, handles, armatures etc.
The invention is detailed in what follows according to two embodiments:
FIG. 1 illustrates the cross section through a coin blank of steel with a galvanic copper layer as covering layer with nickel doping according to the invention 1 ¨ steel core 2 ¨ galvanic copper covering layer 3 ¨ nickel doping in the copper layer The coin blank comprises a core (1) made of an iron material, for example a low alloyed steel, such as for example DC04 steel according to the European norm.
The core is covered pore-free with a galvanic copper layer (2) with the usual thickness in the range of 10 gm to 30 gm. On this covering layer of copper (2) a very thin nickel layer of a thickness of 0.5 gm to 3 gm is deposited, which migrates in form of a doping (3) into the surface of the covering layer (2) due to a final thermal treatment of the coin blank in a protective atmosphere, by which the permanent copper color of the covering layer as well as corrosion persistency is guaranteed. The nickel doping amounts at the surface of the copper layer 1 to percent by mass, for example 2 percent by mass, with respect to copper in the surface area and continuous with a declining concentration gradient towards zero within the copper layer. If the concentration of nickel in the surface is higher than 10 % by mass, the color of the coin blank changes. If the concentration of nickel is lower than 1 % by mass, the tarnish persistency of the coin blank deteriorates.
FIG. 2 illustrates the cross section through a coin blank of steel with a galvanic layer combination of copper as intermediate layer and copper-zinc (brass)as covering layer with nickel doping Translation of International Patent Application PCT/ EP2012/ 003261 1' ¨ steel core 2' ¨ galvanic copper intermediate layer 2" ¨ galvanic copper-zinc-alloy (brass) covering layer 3 ¨ nickel doping in the copper-zinc-covering layer FIG. 3 illustrates the concentration gradient of the nickel doping across the cross section of a coin blank with a galvanic covering layer of copper according to FIG.
1. The galvanic covering layer has for example a layer thickness of 30 um, which is deposited on the core (1) of iron material. The covering layer (2) comprises a nickel doping (3). At the surface of the coin blank the nickel doping (3) has a concentration of approximately 2 percent by mass. The concentration declines with growing distance to the surface.
Claims (9)
1) Coin blank with a core of an iron material, which is provided with a copper or copper alloy covering layer, characterized in that the copper or copper alloy covering layer (2) comprises a nickel doping (3).
2) Coin blank according to claim 1, characterized in that at the surface of the covering layer (2) the nickel doping (3) is less or equal to 10 percent by mass with respect to the mass of the covering layer.
3) Coin blank according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the covering layer (2") comprises a copper-zinc-alloy, which comprises a nickel doping (3).
4) Coin blank according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the covering layer (2") comprises a copper-tin-alloy, which comprises a nickel doping (3).
5) Coin blank according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that above the core (1) of iron material or a pre-coated iron material a layer combination (2'/ 2") is arranged, which comprises a plurality of layers of copper and/ or copper alloys, and that the covering layer (2") comprises a nickel doping (3)-
6) Coin blank according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that on the core (1) of iron material a layer combination (2'/ 2") of the type of Cu/ Cu Zn or Cu/ Cu Sn or Cu Zn/ Cu or Cu Sn/ Cu or Cu Zn/ Cu Sn or Cu Sn/
Cu Zn is arranged and that the covering layer (2") comprises a nickel doping (3).
Cu Zn is arranged and that the covering layer (2") comprises a nickel doping (3).
7) Method for manufacturing a coin blank with a doped layer, with:
forming a copper or copper alloy covering layer (2) on a core of an iron material; and inserting a nickel doping (3) into the covering layer (2).
forming a copper or copper alloy covering layer (2) on a core of an iron material; and inserting a nickel doping (3) into the covering layer (2).
8) Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the inserting of the nickel doping (3) into the covering layer (2, 2") comprises the inserting of a nickel layer on the covering layer (2, 2") and a subsequent thermal treatment of the coin blank.
9) Method according to claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the inserting of a nickel doping (3) comprises the depositing of a homogeneous nickel containing layer with a thickness of less or equal to 3 µm on the covering layer.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011121952.1 | 2011-12-22 | ||
| DE102011121952A DE102011121952A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2011-12-22 | Galvanically coated coin blank |
| PCT/EP2012/003261 WO2013091738A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-07-31 | Coin blank |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2858875A1 true CA2858875A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
Family
ID=46603883
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2858875A Abandoned CA2858875A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-07-31 | Coin blank |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2794963B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2858875A1 (en) |
| CL (1) | CL2014001636A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102011121952A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2014124532A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013091738A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201404211B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107299369A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2017-10-27 | 南京造币有限公司 | A kind of Surface coating cupro-nickel coin class product and its manufacture method |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2931002C (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2022-11-15 | Jarden Zinc Products, LLC | Nickel plated zinc alloys for coinage |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1101363A (en) | 1978-10-31 | 1981-05-19 | Michael J.H. Ruscoe | Process for the production of coin blanks |
| US4292377A (en) * | 1980-01-25 | 1981-09-29 | The International Nickel Co., Inc. | Gold colored laminated composite material having magnetic properties |
| DE3940244A1 (en) * | 1989-12-05 | 1991-06-06 | Ver Deutsche Nickel Werke Ag V | Plated composite material for coinage use - has base roll plated followed by thin electroplating layer |
| CA2019568C (en) | 1990-06-21 | 1998-11-24 | Hieu C. Truong | Coins coated with nickel, copper and nickel and process for making such coins |
| US20060286400A1 (en) * | 2005-06-17 | 2006-12-21 | Jarden Zinc Products, Inc. | Substrate with alloy finish and method of making |
-
2011
- 2011-12-22 DE DE102011121952A patent/DE102011121952A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2012
- 2012-07-31 RU RU2014124532A patent/RU2014124532A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-07-31 EP EP12742809.2A patent/EP2794963B1/en active Active
- 2012-07-31 CA CA2858875A patent/CA2858875A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-07-31 WO PCT/EP2012/003261 patent/WO2013091738A1/en active Application Filing
-
2014
- 2014-06-09 ZA ZA2014/04211A patent/ZA201404211B/en unknown
- 2014-06-19 CL CL2014001636A patent/CL2014001636A1/en unknown
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107299369A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2017-10-27 | 南京造币有限公司 | A kind of Surface coating cupro-nickel coin class product and its manufacture method |
| CN107299369B (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2019-08-20 | 南京造币有限公司 | A kind of surface cladding cupro-nickel coin class product and its manufacturing method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2013091738A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
| ZA201404211B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
| DE102011121952A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
| EP2794963A1 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
| RU2014124532A (en) | 2016-02-10 |
| EP2794963B1 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
| CL2014001636A1 (en) | 2015-01-23 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request |
Effective date: 20140610 |
|
| FZDE | Dead |
Effective date: 20170524 |