CA2771112A1 - Grate and method of burning a granular fuel material - Google Patents
Grate and method of burning a granular fuel material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2771112A1 CA2771112A1 CA2771112A CA2771112A CA2771112A1 CA 2771112 A1 CA2771112 A1 CA 2771112A1 CA 2771112 A CA2771112 A CA 2771112A CA 2771112 A CA2771112 A CA 2771112A CA 2771112 A1 CA2771112 A1 CA 2771112A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- grate
- char
- bed floor
- discharge opening
- fuel material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 14
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
- F23B10/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
- F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B60/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving
- F23B60/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving with combustion air supplied through a grate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
- F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
- F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H2900/00—Special features of combustion grates
- F23H2900/09041—Vibrating grates for solid fuels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The substantially horizontally-disposed grate is used for burning a granular fuel material, for instance a biomass material, to be fed onto a loading area of the grate while a primary air feed is coming from below the grate. The grate includes a perforated bed floor having a downwardly-sloping upper surface converging towards a discharge opening where char is concentrated as the granular fuel material is burned during operation. The grate also includes an elongated and bottom-perforated char-receiving conduit positioned immediately under the bed floor. The char-receiving conduit has an inlet end positioned under the discharge opening, and an outlet end that is opposite the inlet end. The char-receiving conduit downwardly slopes between the inlet end and the outlet end. A method of burning a granular fuel material is also disclosed. The proposed concept can increase the overall thermal efficiency of a heat generator and reduce gas and particle emissions in the atmosphere.
Claims (21)
1. A substantially horizontally-disposed grate for burning a granular fuel material to be fed onto a loading area of the grate while an air feed is coming from below the grate, the grate including:
a perforated bed floor having a downwardly-sloping upper surface converging towards a discharge opening where char is concentrated as the granular fuel material is burned during operation; and an elongated and bottom-perforated char-receiving conduit positioned immediately under the bed floor, the char-receiving conduit having an inlet end positioned under the discharge opening, and an outlet end that is opposite the inlet end, the char-receiving conduit downwardly sloping between the inlet end and the outlet end.
a perforated bed floor having a downwardly-sloping upper surface converging towards a discharge opening where char is concentrated as the granular fuel material is burned during operation; and an elongated and bottom-perforated char-receiving conduit positioned immediately under the bed floor, the char-receiving conduit having an inlet end positioned under the discharge opening, and an outlet end that is opposite the inlet end, the char-receiving conduit downwardly sloping between the inlet end and the outlet end.
2. The grate as defined in claim 1, wherein the bed floor has at least two regions with distinct perforation patterns, a first region among the at least two regions being adjacent to the periphery of the upper surface and including the loading area, and a second region among the at least two regions being generally located between the first region and the discharge opening.
3. The grate as defined in claim 2, wherein the perforation pattern of one of the at least two regions creates a larger overall primary air feed passageway than the perforation pattern of another of the at least two regions.
4. The grate as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the discharge opening is located within the periphery of the upper surface.
5. The grate as defined in claim 4, wherein the discharge opening is offset with reference to a geometric center of the upper surface.
6. The grate as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the upper surface of the bed floor is generally conical in shape.
7. The grate as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the periphery of the upper surface is generally circular in shape.
8. The grate as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the periphery of the upper surface is generally rectangular in shape.
9. The grate as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the char-receiving conduit is substantially tubular in shape.
10. The grate as defined in any one of claim 1 to 8, wherein the char-receiving conduit is substantially rectangular in shape.
11. The grate as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the bed floor has a vertical plane of symmetry and the char-receiving conduit generally has a longitudinal axis that extends substantially parallel to the plane of symmetry.
12. The grate as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the char-receiving conduit is supported under the bed floor using at least one bracket.
13. The grate as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12, further including at least one additional discharge opening and at least one additional char-receiving conduit, one for each additional discharge opening, the discharge openings being spaced apart from one another and the char-receiving conduits extending substantially parallel to one another.
14. The grate as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the conduit has a cross-sectional area that is about 2 to 4% of an area of the upper surface of the bed floor.
15. The grate as defined in any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the upper surface has an average slope between 5 and 25 degrees with reference to the horizontal.
16. The grate as defined in any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the char-receiving conduit has an average slope between 5 and 20 degrees with reference to the horizontal.
17. A method of burning a granular fuel material, the method including the concurrent steps of:
loading the granular fuel material in a loading area of a substantially horizontally-disposed bed floor;
vibrating the bed floor to move the granular fuel material from the loading area towards a discharge opening located away from and vertically below the loading area;
feeding primary air across the bed floor, the primary air coming from a bottom side and passing through a multitude of spaced-apart perforations made in the bed floor;
drying, mostly by radiation heat, the granular fuel material immediately after the granular fuel material is loaded onto the bed floor;
transforming, by pyrolysis, the dried granular fuel material into volatile compounds and char, and generating heat above the bed floor;
collecting and concentrating the char passing through the discharge opening into an elongated chamber extending substantially horizontally underneath the bed floor; and generating heat by burning the char inside the chamber as the char is moved from the discharge opening towards an outlet end of the chamber by the vibrations of the bed floor.
loading the granular fuel material in a loading area of a substantially horizontally-disposed bed floor;
vibrating the bed floor to move the granular fuel material from the loading area towards a discharge opening located away from and vertically below the loading area;
feeding primary air across the bed floor, the primary air coming from a bottom side and passing through a multitude of spaced-apart perforations made in the bed floor;
drying, mostly by radiation heat, the granular fuel material immediately after the granular fuel material is loaded onto the bed floor;
transforming, by pyrolysis, the dried granular fuel material into volatile compounds and char, and generating heat above the bed floor;
collecting and concentrating the char passing through the discharge opening into an elongated chamber extending substantially horizontally underneath the bed floor; and generating heat by burning the char inside the chamber as the char is moved from the discharge opening towards an outlet end of the chamber by the vibrations of the bed floor.
18. The method as defined in claim 17, wherein during continuous operation, the perforations of the bed floor are constantly covered by some of the granular fuel material.
19. The method as defined in claim 17 or 18, wherein feeding the primary air across the bed floor includes passing the primary air through at least two different sets of perforations in the bed floor, a first set among the at least two sets providing less air across the bed floor than a second among the at least two sets.
20. The method as defined in any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein feeding the primary air across the bed floor includes passing some of the primary air through the discharge opening while the discharge opening is filled with some of the char.
21. The method as defined in any one of claims 17 to 20, further including:
feeding secondary air above the bed floor to complete the combustion of the volatile compounds.
feeding secondary air above the bed floor to complete the combustion of the volatile compounds.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2771112A CA2771112C (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2012-03-21 | Grate and method of burning a granular fuel material |
| EP18195524.6A EP3447375A1 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2013-03-19 | Grate and method of burning a granular fuel material |
| EP13159838.5A EP2642198B1 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2013-03-19 | Grate for burning a granular fuel material |
| US13/847,776 US20130247801A1 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2013-03-20 | Grate and method of burning a granular fuel material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2771112A CA2771112C (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2012-03-21 | Grate and method of burning a granular fuel material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2771112A1 true CA2771112A1 (en) | 2012-05-15 |
| CA2771112C CA2771112C (en) | 2012-09-11 |
Family
ID=46179375
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2771112A Active CA2771112C (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2012-03-21 | Grate and method of burning a granular fuel material |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20130247801A1 (en) |
| EP (2) | EP2642198B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2771112C (en) |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US169655A (en) * | 1875-11-09 | Improvement in grate-bars | ||
| US1505505A (en) * | 1923-09-24 | 1924-08-19 | John F O Stratton | Furnace |
| CH166697A (en) * | 1933-03-11 | 1934-01-31 | Dansart Nicolas | Device for removing ash from ovens and stoves. |
| US2157993A (en) * | 1935-06-14 | 1939-05-09 | Nichols Engineering And Res Co | Incineration |
| US2366924A (en) * | 1943-04-09 | 1945-01-09 | Masters John Franklin | Furnace grate structure |
| US2558626A (en) * | 1945-12-29 | 1951-06-26 | William F Pfau | Movable grate structure and ash remover |
| US2883947A (en) * | 1956-05-24 | 1959-04-28 | Corey Ronald David | Incinerator |
| DE3929235A1 (en) * | 1989-09-02 | 1991-03-21 | Oschatz Gmbh | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ELIMINATING CATCHING AND RESIDUES |
| IT1241408B (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 1994-01-14 | Mario Magaldi | HEAVY ASH DISCHARGE SYSTEM FROM BOILERS FOR STEAM PRODUCTION |
| AT4572U1 (en) * | 2000-09-13 | 2001-08-27 | Ehgartner Friedrich | FIREPLACE |
| WO2003025459A1 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2003-03-27 | Fls Miljø A/S | A boiler and a process for the extraction of energy from a fuel |
| ITVI20040014A1 (en) * | 2004-01-28 | 2004-04-28 | Thermorossi Spa | BURNER FOR PELLETS, CHIPPED, CEREALS AND VEGETABLE WASTE GENERAL STOVES IN GENERAL |
| WO2006008762A1 (en) * | 2004-07-16 | 2006-01-26 | Filippo Antonio Di Cecilia | A pellet heat generator with production of hot water and air |
-
2012
- 2012-03-21 CA CA2771112A patent/CA2771112C/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-03-19 EP EP13159838.5A patent/EP2642198B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2013-03-19 EP EP18195524.6A patent/EP3447375A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-03-20 US US13/847,776 patent/US20130247801A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2642198A3 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
| CA2771112C (en) | 2012-09-11 |
| EP2642198B1 (en) | 2018-11-28 |
| EP2642198A2 (en) | 2013-09-25 |
| US20130247801A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
| EP3447375A1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request |