CA2710757A1 - Lubricating composition containing overbased detergent - Google Patents
Lubricating composition containing overbased detergent Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2710757A1 CA2710757A1 CA2710757A CA2710757A CA2710757A1 CA 2710757 A1 CA2710757 A1 CA 2710757A1 CA 2710757 A CA2710757 A CA 2710757A CA 2710757 A CA2710757 A CA 2710757A CA 2710757 A1 CA2710757 A1 CA 2710757A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- lubricating composition
- lubricating
- oil
- dispersant
- less
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1N=CNN=1 NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 alkyl aryl sulphonate Chemical compound 0.000 description 60
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 59
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 43
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 31
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 21
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 8
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical class ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium ion Chemical compound [Ti+4] LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 6
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 6
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- ADOBXTDBFNCOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C ADOBXTDBFNCOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N icos-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) tetracarbamodithioate Chemical class C(N)([S-])=S.[Mo+4].C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- SCJNCDSAIRBRIA-DOFZRALJSA-N arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide Chemical group CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(=O)NCCCl SCJNCDSAIRBRIA-DOFZRALJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012612 commercial material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002646 long chain fatty acid esters Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical class O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005652 polyisobutylene succinic anhydride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003902 salicylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003558 thiocarbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000000178 1,2,4-triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PJLHTVIBELQURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C PJLHTVIBELQURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-undecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC=C DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KTXWGMUMDPYXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCCC(CC)C[O-].CCCCC(CC)C[O-].CCCCC(CC)C[O-].CCCCC(CC)C[O-] KTXWGMUMDPYXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005698 Diels-Alder reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLOYGJPNNKTDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N SC=1N=NSC=1S Chemical class SC=1N=NSC=1S GLOYGJPNNKTDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940053200 antiepileptics fatty acid derivative Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- GVPWHKZIJBODOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl disulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CSSCC1=CC=CC=C1 GVPWHKZIJBODOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013020 final formulation Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylene hexane Natural products CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical class OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- PTISTKLWEJDJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemolybdenum Chemical class [Mo]=S PTISTKLWEJDJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010689 synthetic lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
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- JUWGUJSXVOBPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-B titanium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical class [Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O JUWGUJSXVOBPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
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- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
- C10M159/22—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing phenol radicals
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- C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
- C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
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- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/027—Neutral salts thereof
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- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/046—Overbased sulfonic acid salts
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
- C10M2219/088—Neutral salts
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- C10M2219/089—Overbased salts
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/42—Phosphor free or low phosphor content compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/45—Ash-less or low ash content
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/52—Base number [TBN]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US1683807P | 2007-12-27 | 2007-12-27 | |
| US61/016,838 | 2007-12-27 | ||
| PCT/US2008/087114 WO2009085800A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-17 | Lubricating composition containing detergent |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2710757A1 true CA2710757A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
Family
ID=40404932
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2710757A Abandoned CA2710757A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-17 | Lubricating composition containing overbased detergent |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8987178B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP2231840B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2011508810A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN101959999A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2710757A1 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2009085800A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2827438A1 (en) * | 2011-02-17 | 2012-08-23 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricants with good tbn retention |
| CA2890948A1 (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2014-05-22 | Basf Se | Lubricant compositions comprising epoxide compounds to improve fluoropolymer seal compatibility |
| WO2015164682A1 (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-10-29 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Multigrade lubricating compositions |
| CA2969651C (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2023-02-21 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating composition containing an oxyalkylated hydrocarbyl phenol |
| WO2016138227A1 (en) * | 2015-02-26 | 2016-09-01 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Aromatic detergents and lubricating compositions thereof |
| AU2016307777B2 (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2018-11-08 | Vanderbilt Chemicals, Llc | Additive for lubricant compositions comprising a sulfur-containing and a sulfur-free organomolybdenum compound, and a triazole |
| JP6235549B2 (ja) * | 2015-12-07 | 2017-11-22 | Ｅｍｇルブリカンツ合同会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
| EP3851508B1 (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2022-12-28 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Method of lubricating an internal combustion engine |
| CN108779407A (zh) * | 2016-12-19 | 2018-11-09 | 株式会社Vab | 润滑油添加剂、润滑油、润滑脂组合物、燃料油添加剂、燃料油及油泥抑制方法 |
| ES2771209T3 (es) * | 2017-03-24 | 2020-07-06 | Infineum Int Ltd | Lubricación para motor marino |
| CN112912478B (zh) * | 2018-11-06 | 2022-11-08 | 引能仕株式会社 | 润滑油组合物 |
| US20240059999A1 (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2024-02-22 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Detergent systems for improved piston cleanliness |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4758362A (en) | 1986-03-18 | 1988-07-19 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Carbamate additives for low phosphorus or phosphorus free lubricating compositions |
| US4997969A (en) | 1988-12-12 | 1991-03-05 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Carbamate additives for lubricating compositions |
| EP0765931B1 (en) | 1995-09-25 | 2001-05-16 | Chevron Chemical Company LLC | Lubricating oils having carbonated sulfurized metal alkyl phenates and carbonated metal alkyl aryl sulfonates |
| JP3722484B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-02 | 2005-11-30 | シェブロンテキサコジャパン株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
| JP3722472B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-02 | 2005-11-30 | シェブロンテキサコジャパン株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
| US6569818B2 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2003-05-27 | Chevron Oronite Company, Llc | Lubricating oil composition |
| US6730638B2 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2004-05-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low ash, low phosphorus and low sulfur engine oils for internal combustion engines |
| JP4011967B2 (ja) * | 2002-05-07 | 2007-11-21 | シェブロンジャパン株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
| JP4246963B2 (ja) * | 2002-05-22 | 2009-04-02 | シェブロンジャパン株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
| US20040224858A1 (en) | 2003-05-06 | 2004-11-11 | Ethyl Corporation | Low sulfur, low ash, and low phosphorus lubricant additive package using overbased calcium phenate |
| JP4511154B2 (ja) * | 2003-11-11 | 2010-07-28 | 新日本石油株式会社 | エンジン油用潤滑油組成物 |
| DE602004025731D1 (de) | 2003-12-12 | 2010-04-08 | Lubrizol Corp | Schmiermittelzusammensetzung mit salixaratmetallsalz als dispergierzusatzstoff |
| US7727943B2 (en) * | 2005-03-28 | 2010-06-01 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Titanium compounds and complexes as additives in lubricants |
| US8759262B2 (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2014-06-24 | Infineum International Limited | Lubricating oil compositions |
| JP5167140B2 (ja) * | 2006-10-17 | 2013-03-21 | 出光興産株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
-
2008
- 2008-12-17 US US12/810,193 patent/US8987178B2/en active Active
- 2008-12-17 CA CA2710757A patent/CA2710757A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-12-17 CN CN2008801275131A patent/CN101959999A/zh active Pending
- 2008-12-17 EP EP08866084.0A patent/EP2231840B1/en active Active
- 2008-12-17 WO PCT/US2008/087114 patent/WO2009085800A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-12-17 JP JP2010540787A patent/JP2011508810A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2011508810A (ja) | 2011-03-17 |
| EP2231840B1 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
| US8987178B2 (en) | 2015-03-24 |
| EP2231840A1 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
| CN101959999A (zh) | 2011-01-26 |
| US20110015105A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
| WO2009085800A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request |
Effective date: 20131115 |
|
| FZDE | Dead |
Effective date: 20161219 |