CA2693881C - Water treatment system - Google Patents
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- CA2693881C CA2693881C CA2693881A CA2693881A CA2693881C CA 2693881 C CA2693881 C CA 2693881C CA 2693881 A CA2693881 A CA 2693881A CA 2693881 A CA2693881 A CA 2693881A CA 2693881 C CA2693881 C CA 2693881C
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Abstract
In water treatment employing coagulation and magnetic separation, in which a flocculant and a magnetic powder are introduced into wastewater and magnetic flocs produced are removed, a water treatment system with simple system configuration, which is capable of continuously collecting magnetic powder from the sludge with high efficiency, and reusing the magnetic powder is provided. In the water treatment system, a flocculant and a magnetic powder are added to water to be treated so as to form magnetic flocs, the magnetic flocs are magnetically collected from the water, a sludge composed of the magnetic flocs produced in the purification is fed under application of pressure, and is heated in a reactor at high temperature and high pressure conditions to collect the magnetic powder from the sludge that has passed through a back pressure regulating valve. The collected magnetic powder is reused again.
Description
WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water treatment system which purifies wastewater by coagulation and magnetic separation, in which a flocculant and a magnetic powder are added to wastewater.
Description of the Related Art As techniques for purifying wastewater, there is a coagulation and magnetic separation method, in which a flocculant and a magnetic powder are introduced into wastewater to produce magnetic flocs, and the magnetic flocs are collected by a magnetic force to thereby obtain purified water. In this method, a sludge containing the magnetic powder is produced, and the sludge produced must be disposed of as industrial waste.
The sludge disposal costs lead to an increase in running costs. If the amount of the sludge can be reduced, it is possible to reduce the running costs and the amount of sludge produced.
As a technique for solving the above problem, a technique is proposed in which a sludge containing a magnetic powder is decomposed by a hydrothermal reaction so that the sludge is reduced in volume, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 11-123399 and 11-207399.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In the inventions disclosed above, wastewater is purified by coagulation and magnetic separation, a sludge produced in the purification process is hydrothermally treated under high temperature and high pressure conditions, and the magnetic powder is collected by magnetic separation in the high temperature-high pressure line.
Therefore, a magnetic separation device used in the process must have a structure with strong heat resistance and high strength. Accordingly, the structure of the magnetic separation device is complicated, a large amount of production costs are incurred, and the maintenance thereof is troublesome.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water treatment system which purifies wastewater by coagulation and magnetic separation, in which a flocculant and a magnetic powder are added to wastewater.
Description of the Related Art As techniques for purifying wastewater, there is a coagulation and magnetic separation method, in which a flocculant and a magnetic powder are introduced into wastewater to produce magnetic flocs, and the magnetic flocs are collected by a magnetic force to thereby obtain purified water. In this method, a sludge containing the magnetic powder is produced, and the sludge produced must be disposed of as industrial waste.
The sludge disposal costs lead to an increase in running costs. If the amount of the sludge can be reduced, it is possible to reduce the running costs and the amount of sludge produced.
As a technique for solving the above problem, a technique is proposed in which a sludge containing a magnetic powder is decomposed by a hydrothermal reaction so that the sludge is reduced in volume, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 11-123399 and 11-207399.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In the inventions disclosed above, wastewater is purified by coagulation and magnetic separation, a sludge produced in the purification process is hydrothermally treated under high temperature and high pressure conditions, and the magnetic powder is collected by magnetic separation in the high temperature-high pressure line.
Therefore, a magnetic separation device used in the process must have a structure with strong heat resistance and high strength. Accordingly, the structure of the magnetic separation device is complicated, a large amount of production costs are incurred, and the maintenance thereof is troublesome.
Meanwhile, in the inventions disclosed above, since the total amount of sludge produced is decomposed by a hydrothermal treatment under high temperature and high pressure conditions, the amount of energy introduced into the device is large.
In order to solve the above problems, the presently disclosed subject matter aims to provide a water treatment system which is capable of reducing the volume of sludge and cutting the running costs by purifying wastewater, collecting magnetic powder from a sludge produced and recycling the sludge with a simple device configuration at low running costs.
Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a water treatment system comprising:
at least one flocculant-injection device which injects a flocculant into wastewater to be treated; a magnetic-powder injection device which injects a magnetic powder into the wastewater; at least one agitation device which agitates the flocculant and the magnetic powder contained in the wastewater to form magnetic flocs; a magnetic floc separating device which separates the produced magnetic flocs from the wastewater; a first pressure pump which feeds a sludge which is an aggregate of the separated magnetic flocs and pressurizes the sludge to have a pressure equal to or more than a saturated vapor pressure;
a first reactor in which the pressurized sludge is heated to have a temperature of 200 to 300 C by a heater and subjected to a hydrothermal treatment while passing therethrough;
a first heat exchanger which performs heat exchange between a low-temperature sludge before the hydrothermal treatment and a high-temperature sludge after the hydrothermal treatment; a first back pressure regulating valve which discharges the sludge under atmospheric pressure while maintaining a pressure in the first reactor equal to or more than the saturated vapor pressure; a magnetic separation device which collects the magnetic powder from the discharged sludge; and a conveying device which conveys the collected magnetic powder to the magnetic-powder injection device.
2a According to a second aspect, the water treatment system according to the first aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, further includes: a solid-liquid separation device which is provided downstream of the first reactor and which separates a supernatant fluid from the heated sludge; a second back pressure regulating valve which discharges the supernatant fluid; and a second reactor in which the sludge after the separation of the supernatant fluid is heated again.
According to a third aspect, the water treatment system according to the first aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, further includes: a solid-liquid separation device which is provided downstream of the first reactor and which separates a supernatant fluid from the heated sludge; a second pressure pump which feeds the sludge after the separation of the supernatant fluid; and a second reactor in which the sludge pressurized by the second pressure pump is heated again.
According to a fourth aspect, the water treatment system according to the first aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, further includes: a solid-liquid separation device which is provided downstream of the first reactor and which separates a supernatant fluid from the heated sludge; a second back pressure regulating valve which discharges the supernatant fluid; a second pressure pump which feeds the sludge after the separation of the supernatant fluid; and a second reactor in which the sludge pressurized by the second pressure pump is heated again.
According to a fifth aspect, the water treatment system according to the first aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, further includes: a third back pressure regulating valve provided downstream of the first reactor; a solid-liquid separation device which is provided downstream of the third back pressure regulating valve and which separates a supernatant fluid from the heated sludge; a second pressure pump which feeds the sludge after the separation of the supernatant fluid; and a second reactor in which the sludge pressurized by the second pressure pump is heated again.
According to the presently disclosed subject matter, in water treatment for removing impurities from wastewater, a flocculant and a magnetic powder are introduced into wastewater, magnetic flocs produced are removed by a magnetic floc separating device, a sludge produced in the magnetic separation is decomposed by a hydrothermal treatment, the magnetic powder is collected from the sludge after cooling and depressurization, and the collected magnetic powder is reused. Therefore, it is possible to provide a water treatment system which is capable of reducing production costs by allowing the magnetic separation device to have pressure resistance performance and heat resistance performance at normal temperature and normal pressure, and capable of reducing the amount of waste and running costs by reusing the magnetic powder.
In addition, in a stage before the hydrothermal treatment for decomposing a sludge, since the sludge is preliminarily made compact (consolidated), and moisture is removed from the sludge, it is possible to reduce an amount of energy necessary for the hydrothermal treatment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In order to solve the above problems, the presently disclosed subject matter aims to provide a water treatment system which is capable of reducing the volume of sludge and cutting the running costs by purifying wastewater, collecting magnetic powder from a sludge produced and recycling the sludge with a simple device configuration at low running costs.
Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a water treatment system comprising:
at least one flocculant-injection device which injects a flocculant into wastewater to be treated; a magnetic-powder injection device which injects a magnetic powder into the wastewater; at least one agitation device which agitates the flocculant and the magnetic powder contained in the wastewater to form magnetic flocs; a magnetic floc separating device which separates the produced magnetic flocs from the wastewater; a first pressure pump which feeds a sludge which is an aggregate of the separated magnetic flocs and pressurizes the sludge to have a pressure equal to or more than a saturated vapor pressure;
a first reactor in which the pressurized sludge is heated to have a temperature of 200 to 300 C by a heater and subjected to a hydrothermal treatment while passing therethrough;
a first heat exchanger which performs heat exchange between a low-temperature sludge before the hydrothermal treatment and a high-temperature sludge after the hydrothermal treatment; a first back pressure regulating valve which discharges the sludge under atmospheric pressure while maintaining a pressure in the first reactor equal to or more than the saturated vapor pressure; a magnetic separation device which collects the magnetic powder from the discharged sludge; and a conveying device which conveys the collected magnetic powder to the magnetic-powder injection device.
2a According to a second aspect, the water treatment system according to the first aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, further includes: a solid-liquid separation device which is provided downstream of the first reactor and which separates a supernatant fluid from the heated sludge; a second back pressure regulating valve which discharges the supernatant fluid; and a second reactor in which the sludge after the separation of the supernatant fluid is heated again.
According to a third aspect, the water treatment system according to the first aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, further includes: a solid-liquid separation device which is provided downstream of the first reactor and which separates a supernatant fluid from the heated sludge; a second pressure pump which feeds the sludge after the separation of the supernatant fluid; and a second reactor in which the sludge pressurized by the second pressure pump is heated again.
According to a fourth aspect, the water treatment system according to the first aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, further includes: a solid-liquid separation device which is provided downstream of the first reactor and which separates a supernatant fluid from the heated sludge; a second back pressure regulating valve which discharges the supernatant fluid; a second pressure pump which feeds the sludge after the separation of the supernatant fluid; and a second reactor in which the sludge pressurized by the second pressure pump is heated again.
According to a fifth aspect, the water treatment system according to the first aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, further includes: a third back pressure regulating valve provided downstream of the first reactor; a solid-liquid separation device which is provided downstream of the third back pressure regulating valve and which separates a supernatant fluid from the heated sludge; a second pressure pump which feeds the sludge after the separation of the supernatant fluid; and a second reactor in which the sludge pressurized by the second pressure pump is heated again.
According to the presently disclosed subject matter, in water treatment for removing impurities from wastewater, a flocculant and a magnetic powder are introduced into wastewater, magnetic flocs produced are removed by a magnetic floc separating device, a sludge produced in the magnetic separation is decomposed by a hydrothermal treatment, the magnetic powder is collected from the sludge after cooling and depressurization, and the collected magnetic powder is reused. Therefore, it is possible to provide a water treatment system which is capable of reducing production costs by allowing the magnetic separation device to have pressure resistance performance and heat resistance performance at normal temperature and normal pressure, and capable of reducing the amount of waste and running costs by reusing the magnetic powder.
In addition, in a stage before the hydrothermal treatment for decomposing a sludge, since the sludge is preliminarily made compact (consolidated), and moisture is removed from the sludge, it is possible to reduce an amount of energy necessary for the hydrothermal treatment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram for illustrating one example of a configuration of a water treatment system according to the present embodiment;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram for illustrating another example of a configuration of a water treatment system according to the present embodiment;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram for illustrating still another example of a configuration of a water treatment system according to the present embodiment;
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram for illustrating yet another example of a configuration of a water treatment system according to the present embodiment;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram for illustrating still yet another example of a water treatment system according to the present embodiment;
Fig. 6 is a graph for illustrating a saturated vapor pressure curve of water;
and Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram for illustrating an exemplary configuration of water treatment according to the present embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
(First Embodiment) Fig. 1 illustrates one example of a water treatment system provided in the present invention. The water treatment system illustrated here has a configuration of a water treatment system employing a coagulation and magnetic separation method.
Wastewater to be treated is accumulated in a raw water tank 101. This wastewater is fed into an agitation device 103 by a pump 102. Into the agitation device 103, a flocculant is introduced from a flocculant tank 104 and a magnetic powder dispersed in water is introduced from a magnetic powder tank 105, and these components are agitated so as to form magnetic flocs composed of contaminants and the magnetic powder. Wastewater in which the magnetic flocs are formed is fed into a magnetic separation device 106, and then magnetic flocs are collected from the wastewater to obtain purified water. The collected magnetic flocs are fed into a sludge tank 1.
A sludge which is an aggregate of the magnetic flocs is then fed by a pump 2 and receives heat from a high-temperature sludge which has been hydrothermally treated, by a heat exchanger 5 for preheating. Next, the sludge introduced in a reactor 4 is heated by a heater 3 so as to maintain an intended temperature and to degrade the function of the flocculant, thereby decomposing the sludge into the magnetic powder and other impurities. The decomposed sludge is discharged from the reactor 4 and then heat exchanged with a low-temperature sludge , by the heat exchanger 5 to be cooled to a temperature equal to or lower than the boiling temperature of the sludge at atmospheric pressure. The cooled sludge is depressurized to atmospheric pressure by a back 5 pressure regulating valve 6 and is then supplied to a magnetic separation device 7. At this time, the pressure of the sludge from when the time the sludge is pressurized by the pump 2 till when the sludge is depressurized to atmospheric pressure by the back pressure regulating valve 6 must be set to a pressure equal to or higher than a saturated vapor pressure of the sludge at a temperature in the reactor 4. The sludge supplied to the magnetic separation device 7 is separated into magnetic powder and sludge residues by a magnetic force, and the magnetic powder is collected. It is so designed that the collected magnetic powder is conveyed to the magnetic powder tank 105 to be used again for coagulation and magnetic separation.
As a condition for the above hydrothermal treatment, the heating temperature of sludge is preferably set in the range of from 200 C to 300 C. This is because when the sludge is heated at 200 C or higher, it can be decomposed in a short time;
however when the sludge is heated 300 C or higher, a change in magnetic powder composition rapidly proceeds, and the saturation magnetization decreases.
As described above, in the water treatment system of the present embodiment, magnetic separation for collecting magnetic powder, which is performed after decomposition of sludge by a hydrothermal treatment at high temperature and high pressure, can be carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure, and thus the pressure resistance performance and heat resistance performance of the magnetic separation device 7 can be set at normal temperature and normal pressure, and the production cost can be reduced. Further, the magnetic powder which has been disposed as a sludge in a conventional device can be efficiently collected, and thus the amount of sludge produced can be reduced. Furthermore, since the magnetic powder collected can be reused in the coagulation-magnetic separation device, it is possible to provide a water treatment system having low running costs.
In the present embodiment, the term "high temperature" means a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point of sludge at atmospheric pressure, and the term "high pressure" means a pressure equal to or higher than atmospheric pressure.
Further, in this embodiment, although one type of flocculant is used, the number of types of flocculants may be increased as required, and a neutralizer and the like may be added.
(Second Embodiment) Fig. 2 illustrates another example of a water treatment system provided in the present invention. The water treatment system illustrated here has a system configuration in which the decomposition reaction described in the first embodiment is carried out in two stages, at high temperature and at low temperature, respectively, and by separating the sludge into solid and liquid after the decomposition reaction at the first stage, an amount of sludge to be fed to a high-temperature decomposition reaction at the second stage can be reduced.
Firstly, similarly to the first embodiment, a sludge containing a magnetic powder, which is produced in purification of wastewater, is accumulated in a sludge tank 1. This sludge is fed by a pump 2 and receives heat from a high-temperature sludge which has been hydrothermally treated, by a heat exchanger 5 for preheating.
Next, the sludge introduced into a reactor 4 is heated at 150 C or lower by a heater 3 to degrade the function of the flocculant, and thereby the sludge can be made more compact (consolidated) than untreated sludge. This sludge is fed to the heat exchanger 5 to perform heat exchange and then introduced into a solid-liquid separator 10 so as to be separated into a supernatant fluid and a sludge containing the magnetic powder. The supernatant fluid is discharged through a back pressure regulating valve 16, and the sludge receives heat from a high temperature sludge which has been hydrothermally treated, by a heat exchanger 15 for preheating. Next, the sludge introduced into a reactor 14 is heated so as to maintain an intended temperature by a heater 13 and to degrade the function of the flocculant, thereby the sludge being decomposed into a magnetic powder and other impurities. The decomposed sludge is discharged from the reactor 14 and then heat exchanged with a low-temperature sludge , by the heat exchanger 15 to be cooled to a temperature equal to or lower than the boiling temperature of the sludge at atmospheric pressure. It is so designed that the cooled sludge is depressurized to atmospheric pressure by a back pressure regulating valve 6 and the magnetic powder is collected from the sludge by a magnetic separation device 7 and conveyed to a magnetic powder tank 105. At this time, the pressure of the sludge from when the sludge is pressurized by the pump 2 till when the sludge is depressurized to atmospheric pressure by the back pressure regulating valve 6 must be set to a pressure equal to or higher than a saturated vapor pressure of the sludge at a temperature in the reactor 14.
Meanwhile, by setting the temperature of the reactor 4 to about 50 C to about 150 C, it is possible to efficiently compact (consolidate) the sludge and to substantially remove moisture in the sludge therefrom in the solid-liquid separator 10.
As described above, according to the present embodiment, the sludge introduced into the reactor 14, which is set in a state of high temperature and high pressure, is condensed, and an amount of sludge to be treated can be considerably reduced, and thereby an amount of energy required to be introduced into the heater 13 can be reduced.
The solid-liquid separator 10 is employed mainly for separating a magnetic power having a high specific gravity from water. Therefore, as a configuration of the solid-liquid separator 10, a gravity setting chamber, a cyclone, a centrifugal separator, a magnetic separation device or the like may be used instead thereof.
(Third Embodiment) Fig. 3 illustrates still another example of a water treatment system provided in the present invention. The water treatment system illustrated here has a system configuration in which the first stage decomposition reaction described in the second embodiment can be performed at a temperature equal to or lower than the boiling point of the sludge at atmospheric pressure.
Firstly, similarly to the first embodiment, a sludge containing a magnetic powder, which is produced in purification of wastewater, is accumulated in a sludge tank 1. This sludge is fed by a pump 2 and receives heat from a high-temperature sludge which has been hydrothermally treated, by a heat exchanger 5 for preheating.
Next, the sludge introduced into a reactor 4 is heated at a temperature equal to or lower than the boiling point of the sludge at atmospheric pressure by a heater 3 so as to degrade the function of the flocculant, and thereby the sludge can be made further compact (consolidated). This sludge is passed through the heat exchanger 5 and then introduced into a solid-liquid separator 10 so as to be separated into a supernatant fluid and a sludge containing the magnetic powder, under atmospheric pressure, and then the supernatant fluid is discharged. The sludge that has been subjected to the solid-liquid separation is then pressurized by a pump 22. In the water treatment system, the zone located downstream of the reactor 14 is so designed that the sludge is treated similarly to the second embodiment, so that the magnetic powder is collected and conveyed to a magnetic powder tank 105.
A different point of the third embodiment from the second embodiment is that the first stage decomposition reaction which proceeds in the reactor 4 is carried out under substantially atmospheric pressure. According to the water treatment system of the present embodiment, internal pressures of the reactor 4, the heat exchanger 5 and the solid-liquid separator 10 are substantially atmospheric pressure, and thus it is possible to set the pressure resistance performance of these system components at atmospheric pressure and to reduce the production costs.
In some cases, a production ratio between water and solids in the solid-liquid separator 10 changes due to a change in composition of a sludge to be treated.
In this case, a sensor for measuring a production ratio between water and solids in the solid-liquid separator 10 is disposed beforehand, and by installing a controller which changes the liquid feeding rate of the pumps 22 and 2 and the output power of the heaters in response to the production ratio, the water treatment can be efficiently carried out.
Further, if the operation speed of the reactor 4 or reactor 14 is insufficient, the operation speed can be made higher by increasing the reaction temperature.
(Fourth Embodiment) Fig. 4 illustrates yet another example of a water treatment system provided in the present invention. The water treatment system illustrated here has a system configuration in which the pressure in the reactor 4, in which the first stage decomposition reaction described in the second embodiment is performed, can be reduced.
Firstly, similarly to the first embodiment, a sludge containing a magnetic powder, which is produced in purification of wastewater, is accumulated in a sludge tank 1. This sludge is pressurized by a pump 2 and receives heat from a high-temperature sludge which has been hydrothermally treated, by a heat exchanger 5 for preheating.
Next, the sludge introduced into a reactor 4 is heated at 150 C or lower by a heater 3 to degrade the function of the flocculant, and thereby the sludge can be made further compact (consolidated). This sludge is introduced into a solid-liquid separator 10 so as to be separated into a supernatant fluid and a sludge containing the magnetic powder.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram for illustrating another example of a configuration of a water treatment system according to the present embodiment;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram for illustrating still another example of a configuration of a water treatment system according to the present embodiment;
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram for illustrating yet another example of a configuration of a water treatment system according to the present embodiment;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram for illustrating still yet another example of a water treatment system according to the present embodiment;
Fig. 6 is a graph for illustrating a saturated vapor pressure curve of water;
and Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram for illustrating an exemplary configuration of water treatment according to the present embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
(First Embodiment) Fig. 1 illustrates one example of a water treatment system provided in the present invention. The water treatment system illustrated here has a configuration of a water treatment system employing a coagulation and magnetic separation method.
Wastewater to be treated is accumulated in a raw water tank 101. This wastewater is fed into an agitation device 103 by a pump 102. Into the agitation device 103, a flocculant is introduced from a flocculant tank 104 and a magnetic powder dispersed in water is introduced from a magnetic powder tank 105, and these components are agitated so as to form magnetic flocs composed of contaminants and the magnetic powder. Wastewater in which the magnetic flocs are formed is fed into a magnetic separation device 106, and then magnetic flocs are collected from the wastewater to obtain purified water. The collected magnetic flocs are fed into a sludge tank 1.
A sludge which is an aggregate of the magnetic flocs is then fed by a pump 2 and receives heat from a high-temperature sludge which has been hydrothermally treated, by a heat exchanger 5 for preheating. Next, the sludge introduced in a reactor 4 is heated by a heater 3 so as to maintain an intended temperature and to degrade the function of the flocculant, thereby decomposing the sludge into the magnetic powder and other impurities. The decomposed sludge is discharged from the reactor 4 and then heat exchanged with a low-temperature sludge , by the heat exchanger 5 to be cooled to a temperature equal to or lower than the boiling temperature of the sludge at atmospheric pressure. The cooled sludge is depressurized to atmospheric pressure by a back 5 pressure regulating valve 6 and is then supplied to a magnetic separation device 7. At this time, the pressure of the sludge from when the time the sludge is pressurized by the pump 2 till when the sludge is depressurized to atmospheric pressure by the back pressure regulating valve 6 must be set to a pressure equal to or higher than a saturated vapor pressure of the sludge at a temperature in the reactor 4. The sludge supplied to the magnetic separation device 7 is separated into magnetic powder and sludge residues by a magnetic force, and the magnetic powder is collected. It is so designed that the collected magnetic powder is conveyed to the magnetic powder tank 105 to be used again for coagulation and magnetic separation.
As a condition for the above hydrothermal treatment, the heating temperature of sludge is preferably set in the range of from 200 C to 300 C. This is because when the sludge is heated at 200 C or higher, it can be decomposed in a short time;
however when the sludge is heated 300 C or higher, a change in magnetic powder composition rapidly proceeds, and the saturation magnetization decreases.
As described above, in the water treatment system of the present embodiment, magnetic separation for collecting magnetic powder, which is performed after decomposition of sludge by a hydrothermal treatment at high temperature and high pressure, can be carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure, and thus the pressure resistance performance and heat resistance performance of the magnetic separation device 7 can be set at normal temperature and normal pressure, and the production cost can be reduced. Further, the magnetic powder which has been disposed as a sludge in a conventional device can be efficiently collected, and thus the amount of sludge produced can be reduced. Furthermore, since the magnetic powder collected can be reused in the coagulation-magnetic separation device, it is possible to provide a water treatment system having low running costs.
In the present embodiment, the term "high temperature" means a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point of sludge at atmospheric pressure, and the term "high pressure" means a pressure equal to or higher than atmospheric pressure.
Further, in this embodiment, although one type of flocculant is used, the number of types of flocculants may be increased as required, and a neutralizer and the like may be added.
(Second Embodiment) Fig. 2 illustrates another example of a water treatment system provided in the present invention. The water treatment system illustrated here has a system configuration in which the decomposition reaction described in the first embodiment is carried out in two stages, at high temperature and at low temperature, respectively, and by separating the sludge into solid and liquid after the decomposition reaction at the first stage, an amount of sludge to be fed to a high-temperature decomposition reaction at the second stage can be reduced.
Firstly, similarly to the first embodiment, a sludge containing a magnetic powder, which is produced in purification of wastewater, is accumulated in a sludge tank 1. This sludge is fed by a pump 2 and receives heat from a high-temperature sludge which has been hydrothermally treated, by a heat exchanger 5 for preheating.
Next, the sludge introduced into a reactor 4 is heated at 150 C or lower by a heater 3 to degrade the function of the flocculant, and thereby the sludge can be made more compact (consolidated) than untreated sludge. This sludge is fed to the heat exchanger 5 to perform heat exchange and then introduced into a solid-liquid separator 10 so as to be separated into a supernatant fluid and a sludge containing the magnetic powder. The supernatant fluid is discharged through a back pressure regulating valve 16, and the sludge receives heat from a high temperature sludge which has been hydrothermally treated, by a heat exchanger 15 for preheating. Next, the sludge introduced into a reactor 14 is heated so as to maintain an intended temperature by a heater 13 and to degrade the function of the flocculant, thereby the sludge being decomposed into a magnetic powder and other impurities. The decomposed sludge is discharged from the reactor 14 and then heat exchanged with a low-temperature sludge , by the heat exchanger 15 to be cooled to a temperature equal to or lower than the boiling temperature of the sludge at atmospheric pressure. It is so designed that the cooled sludge is depressurized to atmospheric pressure by a back pressure regulating valve 6 and the magnetic powder is collected from the sludge by a magnetic separation device 7 and conveyed to a magnetic powder tank 105. At this time, the pressure of the sludge from when the sludge is pressurized by the pump 2 till when the sludge is depressurized to atmospheric pressure by the back pressure regulating valve 6 must be set to a pressure equal to or higher than a saturated vapor pressure of the sludge at a temperature in the reactor 14.
Meanwhile, by setting the temperature of the reactor 4 to about 50 C to about 150 C, it is possible to efficiently compact (consolidate) the sludge and to substantially remove moisture in the sludge therefrom in the solid-liquid separator 10.
As described above, according to the present embodiment, the sludge introduced into the reactor 14, which is set in a state of high temperature and high pressure, is condensed, and an amount of sludge to be treated can be considerably reduced, and thereby an amount of energy required to be introduced into the heater 13 can be reduced.
The solid-liquid separator 10 is employed mainly for separating a magnetic power having a high specific gravity from water. Therefore, as a configuration of the solid-liquid separator 10, a gravity setting chamber, a cyclone, a centrifugal separator, a magnetic separation device or the like may be used instead thereof.
(Third Embodiment) Fig. 3 illustrates still another example of a water treatment system provided in the present invention. The water treatment system illustrated here has a system configuration in which the first stage decomposition reaction described in the second embodiment can be performed at a temperature equal to or lower than the boiling point of the sludge at atmospheric pressure.
Firstly, similarly to the first embodiment, a sludge containing a magnetic powder, which is produced in purification of wastewater, is accumulated in a sludge tank 1. This sludge is fed by a pump 2 and receives heat from a high-temperature sludge which has been hydrothermally treated, by a heat exchanger 5 for preheating.
Next, the sludge introduced into a reactor 4 is heated at a temperature equal to or lower than the boiling point of the sludge at atmospheric pressure by a heater 3 so as to degrade the function of the flocculant, and thereby the sludge can be made further compact (consolidated). This sludge is passed through the heat exchanger 5 and then introduced into a solid-liquid separator 10 so as to be separated into a supernatant fluid and a sludge containing the magnetic powder, under atmospheric pressure, and then the supernatant fluid is discharged. The sludge that has been subjected to the solid-liquid separation is then pressurized by a pump 22. In the water treatment system, the zone located downstream of the reactor 14 is so designed that the sludge is treated similarly to the second embodiment, so that the magnetic powder is collected and conveyed to a magnetic powder tank 105.
A different point of the third embodiment from the second embodiment is that the first stage decomposition reaction which proceeds in the reactor 4 is carried out under substantially atmospheric pressure. According to the water treatment system of the present embodiment, internal pressures of the reactor 4, the heat exchanger 5 and the solid-liquid separator 10 are substantially atmospheric pressure, and thus it is possible to set the pressure resistance performance of these system components at atmospheric pressure and to reduce the production costs.
In some cases, a production ratio between water and solids in the solid-liquid separator 10 changes due to a change in composition of a sludge to be treated.
In this case, a sensor for measuring a production ratio between water and solids in the solid-liquid separator 10 is disposed beforehand, and by installing a controller which changes the liquid feeding rate of the pumps 22 and 2 and the output power of the heaters in response to the production ratio, the water treatment can be efficiently carried out.
Further, if the operation speed of the reactor 4 or reactor 14 is insufficient, the operation speed can be made higher by increasing the reaction temperature.
(Fourth Embodiment) Fig. 4 illustrates yet another example of a water treatment system provided in the present invention. The water treatment system illustrated here has a system configuration in which the pressure in the reactor 4, in which the first stage decomposition reaction described in the second embodiment is performed, can be reduced.
Firstly, similarly to the first embodiment, a sludge containing a magnetic powder, which is produced in purification of wastewater, is accumulated in a sludge tank 1. This sludge is pressurized by a pump 2 and receives heat from a high-temperature sludge which has been hydrothermally treated, by a heat exchanger 5 for preheating.
Next, the sludge introduced into a reactor 4 is heated at 150 C or lower by a heater 3 to degrade the function of the flocculant, and thereby the sludge can be made further compact (consolidated). This sludge is introduced into a solid-liquid separator 10 so as to be separated into a supernatant fluid and a sludge containing the magnetic powder.
The supernatant fluid is discharged through a back pressure regulating valve 36. The sludge that has been subjected to the solid-liquid separation is then pressurized by a pump 22. In the water treatment system, the zone located downstream of the reactor 14 is so designed that the sludge is treated similarly to the second embodiment, so that the magnetic powder is collected and conveyed to a magnetic powder tank 105.
A different point of the fourth embodiment from the second embodiment is that the first stage decomposition reaction which proceeds in the reactor 4 is carried out at a pressure lower than that of the reactor 14.
A saturated vapor pressure curve of water is illustrated in Fig. 6. As can be seen from Fig. 6, the higher the temperature is, the more rapidly increases the saturated vapor pressure of water. Therefore, if the reaction temperature can be lowered only to a certain extent, the pressure applied in the reaction can be considerably reduced. For that reason, according to the water treatment system of the present embodiment, the internal pressure of the solid-liquid separator 10 can be set to be lower than that in the second embodiment, and thus it is possible to set the pressure resistance performance of the system components including the reactor 4, the heat exchanger 5 and the solid-liquid separator 10 can be set to be low and to reduce the production costs.
In some cases, a production ratio between water and solids in the solid-liquid separator 10 changes due to a change in composition of a sludge to be treated.
In this case, a sensor for measuring a production ratio between water and solids in the solid-liquid separator 10 is disposed beforehand, and by installing a controller which changes the liquid feeding rate of the pumps 22 and 2 and the output power of the heaters in response to the production ratio, the water treatment can be efficiently carried out.
Further, if the operation speed of the reactor 4 or reactor 14 is insufficient, the operation speed can be made higher by increasing the reaction temperature.
(Fifth Embodiment) Fig. 5 illustrates still yet another example of a water treatment system provided in the present invention. The water treatment system illustrated here has a system configuration in which the pressure of the sludge flowing through the solid-liquid separator 10 described in the second embodiment can be reduced.
Firstly, similarly to the first embodiment, a sludge containing a magnetic powder, which is produced in purification of wastewater, is accumulated in a sludge tank 1. This sludge is pressurized by a pump 2 and receives heat from a high-temperature sludge which has been hydrothermally treated, by a heat exchanger 5 for preheating.
Next, the sludge introduced into a reactor 4 is heated at 150 C or lower by a heater 3 so that the function of the flocculant degrades and the sludge can be made compact 5 (consolidated). The pressure in the reactor 4 is kept at a pressure equal to or higher than the saturated vapor pressure by a back pressure regulating valve 46, and the sludge that has passed through the back pressure regulating valve 46 is then introduced into a solid-liquid separator 10 at atmospheric pressure. In the solid-liquid separator 10, the sludge is separated into a supernatant fluid and a sludge containing the magnetic powder. The 10 supernatant fluid is disposed of, and the sludge is again pressurized by a pump 22. In the water treatment system, the zone located downstream of the reactor 14 is so designed that the sludge is treated similarly to the second embodiment, so that the magnetic powder is collected and conveyed to a magnetic powder tank 105.
By way of example, the following describes the flow of substances. When polyaluminum chloride and polyacrylamide are used as the flocculant, magnetic flocs composed of contaminants, magnetic powder, polyaluminum chloride and polyacrylamide are produced in the agitation device 103. The magnetic flocs are collected in the magnetic separation device 106 to be a sludge and accumulated in the sludge tank 1 as a sludge. When this sludge is heated at about 150 C and allowed to stand still, the solid content in the sludge is made compact (consolidated) and the sludge is separated into a supernatant fluid and solids. The supernatant fluid is disposed of.
When the solids containing a small amount of moisture are hydrothermally treated at 200 C or higher in the reactor 14, the solids are decomposed, whereby a magnetic powder can be collected. The collected magnetic powder is conveyed again to the magnetic powder tank 105, thereby making it possible to achieve reuse of magnetic powder and reduction in the amount of sludge discharged, which leads to a reduction in running costs.
As described above, according the water treatment system of the present embodiment, the internal pressure of the solid-liquid separator 10 can be set at substantially atmospheric pressure, and thus it is possible to set the pressure resistance performance of the solid-liquid separator 10 low and to reduce the production costs.
A different point of the fourth embodiment from the second embodiment is that the first stage decomposition reaction which proceeds in the reactor 4 is carried out at a pressure lower than that of the reactor 14.
A saturated vapor pressure curve of water is illustrated in Fig. 6. As can be seen from Fig. 6, the higher the temperature is, the more rapidly increases the saturated vapor pressure of water. Therefore, if the reaction temperature can be lowered only to a certain extent, the pressure applied in the reaction can be considerably reduced. For that reason, according to the water treatment system of the present embodiment, the internal pressure of the solid-liquid separator 10 can be set to be lower than that in the second embodiment, and thus it is possible to set the pressure resistance performance of the system components including the reactor 4, the heat exchanger 5 and the solid-liquid separator 10 can be set to be low and to reduce the production costs.
In some cases, a production ratio between water and solids in the solid-liquid separator 10 changes due to a change in composition of a sludge to be treated.
In this case, a sensor for measuring a production ratio between water and solids in the solid-liquid separator 10 is disposed beforehand, and by installing a controller which changes the liquid feeding rate of the pumps 22 and 2 and the output power of the heaters in response to the production ratio, the water treatment can be efficiently carried out.
Further, if the operation speed of the reactor 4 or reactor 14 is insufficient, the operation speed can be made higher by increasing the reaction temperature.
(Fifth Embodiment) Fig. 5 illustrates still yet another example of a water treatment system provided in the present invention. The water treatment system illustrated here has a system configuration in which the pressure of the sludge flowing through the solid-liquid separator 10 described in the second embodiment can be reduced.
Firstly, similarly to the first embodiment, a sludge containing a magnetic powder, which is produced in purification of wastewater, is accumulated in a sludge tank 1. This sludge is pressurized by a pump 2 and receives heat from a high-temperature sludge which has been hydrothermally treated, by a heat exchanger 5 for preheating.
Next, the sludge introduced into a reactor 4 is heated at 150 C or lower by a heater 3 so that the function of the flocculant degrades and the sludge can be made compact 5 (consolidated). The pressure in the reactor 4 is kept at a pressure equal to or higher than the saturated vapor pressure by a back pressure regulating valve 46, and the sludge that has passed through the back pressure regulating valve 46 is then introduced into a solid-liquid separator 10 at atmospheric pressure. In the solid-liquid separator 10, the sludge is separated into a supernatant fluid and a sludge containing the magnetic powder. The 10 supernatant fluid is disposed of, and the sludge is again pressurized by a pump 22. In the water treatment system, the zone located downstream of the reactor 14 is so designed that the sludge is treated similarly to the second embodiment, so that the magnetic powder is collected and conveyed to a magnetic powder tank 105.
By way of example, the following describes the flow of substances. When polyaluminum chloride and polyacrylamide are used as the flocculant, magnetic flocs composed of contaminants, magnetic powder, polyaluminum chloride and polyacrylamide are produced in the agitation device 103. The magnetic flocs are collected in the magnetic separation device 106 to be a sludge and accumulated in the sludge tank 1 as a sludge. When this sludge is heated at about 150 C and allowed to stand still, the solid content in the sludge is made compact (consolidated) and the sludge is separated into a supernatant fluid and solids. The supernatant fluid is disposed of.
When the solids containing a small amount of moisture are hydrothermally treated at 200 C or higher in the reactor 14, the solids are decomposed, whereby a magnetic powder can be collected. The collected magnetic powder is conveyed again to the magnetic powder tank 105, thereby making it possible to achieve reuse of magnetic powder and reduction in the amount of sludge discharged, which leads to a reduction in running costs.
As described above, according the water treatment system of the present embodiment, the internal pressure of the solid-liquid separator 10 can be set at substantially atmospheric pressure, and thus it is possible to set the pressure resistance performance of the solid-liquid separator 10 low and to reduce the production costs.
Fig. 7 illustrates system components of each of the embodiments 2, 3, 4 and 5 described above and the pressure applied to each of these system components.
Note that in Fig. 7, the second embodiment is designated with Example 2, the third embodiment is designated with Example 3, the fourth embodiment is designated with Example 4, and the fifth embodiment is designated with Example 5.
As can be seen from Fig. 7, in Example 2, the pressure applied to components from the pump 2 to the back pressure regulating valve 6 is 1 MPa or higher.
Whereas, in Example 3, only the pressure applied to from the pump 22 to the back pressure regulating valve 6 is 1 MPa or higher. In Examples 4 and 5, the pressure in the reactor 4 is pressurized to 1 MPa or lower (more than 0.1 MPa). Examples 4 and 5 are utilized in the case where the temperature required for compaction (consolidation) for reducing the volume of the sludge at atmospheric pressure is higher than the boiling point of the sludge at atmospheric pressure.
Note that in Fig. 7, the second embodiment is designated with Example 2, the third embodiment is designated with Example 3, the fourth embodiment is designated with Example 4, and the fifth embodiment is designated with Example 5.
As can be seen from Fig. 7, in Example 2, the pressure applied to components from the pump 2 to the back pressure regulating valve 6 is 1 MPa or higher.
Whereas, in Example 3, only the pressure applied to from the pump 22 to the back pressure regulating valve 6 is 1 MPa or higher. In Examples 4 and 5, the pressure in the reactor 4 is pressurized to 1 MPa or lower (more than 0.1 MPa). Examples 4 and 5 are utilized in the case where the temperature required for compaction (consolidation) for reducing the volume of the sludge at atmospheric pressure is higher than the boiling point of the sludge at atmospheric pressure.
Claims (5)
1. A water treatment system comprising:
at least one flocculant-injection device which injects a flocculant into wastewater to be treated;
a magnetic-powder injection device which injects a magnetic powder into the wastewater;
at least one agitation device which agitates the flocculant and the magnetic powder contained in the wastewater to form magnetic flocs;
a magnetic floc separating device which separates the produced magnetic flocs from the wastewater;
a first pressure pump which feeds a sludge which is an aggregate of the separated magnetic flocs and pressurizes the sludge to have a pressure equal to or more than a saturated vapor pressure;
a first reactor in which the pressurized sludge is heated to have a temperature of 200 to 300°C by a heater and subjected to a hydrothermal treatment while passing therethrough;
a first heat exchanger which performs heat exchange between a low-temperature sludge before the hydrothermal treatment and a high-temperature sludge after the hydrothermal treatment;
a first back pressure regulating valve which discharges the sludge under atmospheric pressure while maintaining a pressure in the first reactor equal to or more than the saturated vapor pressure;
a magnetic separation device which collects the magnetic powder from the discharged sludge; and a conveying device which conveys the collected magnetic powder to the magnetic-powder injection device.
at least one flocculant-injection device which injects a flocculant into wastewater to be treated;
a magnetic-powder injection device which injects a magnetic powder into the wastewater;
at least one agitation device which agitates the flocculant and the magnetic powder contained in the wastewater to form magnetic flocs;
a magnetic floc separating device which separates the produced magnetic flocs from the wastewater;
a first pressure pump which feeds a sludge which is an aggregate of the separated magnetic flocs and pressurizes the sludge to have a pressure equal to or more than a saturated vapor pressure;
a first reactor in which the pressurized sludge is heated to have a temperature of 200 to 300°C by a heater and subjected to a hydrothermal treatment while passing therethrough;
a first heat exchanger which performs heat exchange between a low-temperature sludge before the hydrothermal treatment and a high-temperature sludge after the hydrothermal treatment;
a first back pressure regulating valve which discharges the sludge under atmospheric pressure while maintaining a pressure in the first reactor equal to or more than the saturated vapor pressure;
a magnetic separation device which collects the magnetic powder from the discharged sludge; and a conveying device which conveys the collected magnetic powder to the magnetic-powder injection device.
2. The water treatment system according to claim 1, further comprising, between the first reactor and the first back pressure regulating valve:
a solid-liquid separation device which separates the sludge which has been subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in the first reactor into a supernatant fluid and a separated sludge;
a second back pressure regulating valve which discharges the supernatant fluid; and a second reactor in which the separated sludge is heated again to have a temperature higher than a temperature of the hydrothermal treatment in the first reactor.
a solid-liquid separation device which separates the sludge which has been subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in the first reactor into a supernatant fluid and a separated sludge;
a second back pressure regulating valve which discharges the supernatant fluid; and a second reactor in which the separated sludge is heated again to have a temperature higher than a temperature of the hydrothermal treatment in the first reactor.
3. The water treatment system according to claim 1, further comprising, between the first reactor and the first back pressure regulating valve:
a solid-liquid separation device which separates the sludge which has been subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in the first reactor into a supernatant fluid and a separated sludge;
a second pressure pump which feeds the separated sludge and pressurizes the separated sludge to have a pressure equal to or more than the saturated vapor pressure; and a second reactor in which the separated sludge pressurized by the second pressure pump is heated again to have a temperature higher than a temperature of the hydrothermal treatment in the first reactor.
a solid-liquid separation device which separates the sludge which has been subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in the first reactor into a supernatant fluid and a separated sludge;
a second pressure pump which feeds the separated sludge and pressurizes the separated sludge to have a pressure equal to or more than the saturated vapor pressure; and a second reactor in which the separated sludge pressurized by the second pressure pump is heated again to have a temperature higher than a temperature of the hydrothermal treatment in the first reactor.
4. The water treatment system according to claim 1, further comprising, between the first reactor and the first back pressure regulating valve:
a solid-liquid separation device which separates the sludge which has been subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in the first reactor into a supernatant fluid and a separated sludge;
a second back pressure regulating valve which discharges the supernatant fluid;
a second pressure pump which feeds the separated sludge and pressurizes the separated sludge to have a pressure equal to or more than the saturated vapor pressure; and a second reactor in which the separated sludge pressurized by the second pressure pump is heated again to have a temperature higher than a temperature of the hydrothermal treatment in the first reactor.
a solid-liquid separation device which separates the sludge which has been subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in the first reactor into a supernatant fluid and a separated sludge;
a second back pressure regulating valve which discharges the supernatant fluid;
a second pressure pump which feeds the separated sludge and pressurizes the separated sludge to have a pressure equal to or more than the saturated vapor pressure; and a second reactor in which the separated sludge pressurized by the second pressure pump is heated again to have a temperature higher than a temperature of the hydrothermal treatment in the first reactor.
5. The water treatment system according to claim 1, further comprising, between the first reactor and the first back pressure regulating valve:
a second back pressure regulating valve;
a solid-liquid separation device which is provided downstream of the second back pressure regulating valve and which separates the sludge which has been subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in the first reactor into a supernatant fluid and a separated sludge;
a second pressure pump which feeds the separated sludge and pressurizes the separated sludge to have a pressure equal to or more than the saturated vapor pressure; and a second reactor in which the separated sludge pressurized by the second pressure pump is heated again to have a temperature higher than a temperature of the hydrothermal treatment in the first reactor.
a second back pressure regulating valve;
a solid-liquid separation device which is provided downstream of the second back pressure regulating valve and which separates the sludge which has been subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in the first reactor into a supernatant fluid and a separated sludge;
a second pressure pump which feeds the separated sludge and pressurizes the separated sludge to have a pressure equal to or more than the saturated vapor pressure; and a second reactor in which the separated sludge pressurized by the second pressure pump is heated again to have a temperature higher than a temperature of the hydrothermal treatment in the first reactor.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009042655A JP2010194463A (en) | 2009-02-25 | 2009-02-25 | Water treatment apparatus |
| JP2009-042655 | 2009-02-25 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2693881A1 CA2693881A1 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
| CA2693881C true CA2693881C (en) | 2013-02-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2693881A Expired - Fee Related CA2693881C (en) | 2009-02-25 | 2010-02-22 | Water treatment system |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2010194463A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2693881C (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2010001965A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107162141A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-09-15 | 河海大学 | A kind of magnetic flocculation precipitation process sewage device and its handling process |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5246515B2 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2013-07-24 | 株式会社日立プラントテクノロジー | Waste water treatment equipment |
| JP5422516B2 (en) * | 2010-08-23 | 2014-02-19 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Aggregation magnetic separator |
| JP5818670B2 (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2015-11-18 | 株式会社東芝 | Oil-containing wastewater treatment equipment |
| CN102603108B (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2014-05-21 | 郑州爱沃特环保科技有限公司 | Circulating water treatment system of wet-type spray booth and treatment method |
| CN106865708A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-06-20 | 西安西热电站化学科技有限公司 | A kind of magnetic-coagulation accelerates defecation method |
| CN107100026A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-08-29 | 北塘区军之印纸品加工厂 | A kind of paper product raw material reducing mechanism water supply installation |
| CN112266059A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-01-26 | 中建环能科技股份有限公司 | Magnetic separation reflux unit |
| CN112142171A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2020-12-29 | 中建环能科技股份有限公司 | Magnetic separation internal reflux sewage treatment system |
-
2009
- 2009-02-25 JP JP2009042655A patent/JP2010194463A/en active Pending
-
2010
- 2010-02-19 MX MX2010001965A patent/MX2010001965A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-02-22 CA CA2693881A patent/CA2693881C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107162141A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-09-15 | 河海大学 | A kind of magnetic flocculation precipitation process sewage device and its handling process |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX2010001965A (en) | 2010-08-24 |
| JP2010194463A (en) | 2010-09-09 |
| CA2693881A1 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
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