CA2595905A1 - Iron-based powder combination - Google Patents
Iron-based powder combination Download PDFInfo
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- CA2595905A1 CA2595905A1 CA002595905A CA2595905A CA2595905A1 CA 2595905 A1 CA2595905 A1 CA 2595905A1 CA 002595905 A CA002595905 A CA 002595905A CA 2595905 A CA2595905 A CA 2595905A CA 2595905 A1 CA2595905 A1 CA 2595905A1
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- powder
- iron
- weight
- alloyed
- molybdenum
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 Distaloy AB Substances 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a powder metallurgical combination comprising an iron-based powder A essentially consisting of core particles of iron pre-alloyed with molybdenum and having 6-15%, preferably 8-12% by weight of copper diffusion alloyed to the core particles, an iron-based powder B essentially consisting of particles of iron pre-alloyed with molybdenum and having 4.5-8%, preferably 5-7% by weight of nickel diffusion alloyed to the core particles, and an iron-based powder C essentially consisting of particles of iron pre-alloyed with molybdenum. The invention also relates to the powders A and B per se. Further the invention relates to a method for preparing an iron-based sintered component comprising 0.3-2% by weight of molybdenum, 0.2-2%, preferably 0.4-0.8% by weight of copper and 0.1-4% by weight of nickel and to a method to obtain a sintered component having a predetermined strength and a predetermined dimensional change during sintering.
Description
IRON-BASED POWDER COMBINATION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention refers to iron-based powder metallurgical combinations and to methods for preparing sintered powder metallurgical components therefrom. More specifically the invention refers to the production of sintered components including copper, nickel and molybdenum by using these combinations.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Within the powder metallurgical field, copper, nickel and molybdenum has since long been used as alloying elements in the production of high strength sintered components.
Sintered iron-based components can be produced by mixing alloying elements with the pure iron powders. However, this may cause problems with dust and segregation which may lead to variations in size and mechanical properties of the sintered component. In order to avoid segregation the alloying elements may be pre-alloyed or diffusion alloyed with the iron powder. In one method molybdenum is pre-alloyed with iron powder and this pre-alloyed iron powder is subsequently diffusion alloyed with copper and nickel for production of sintered components from iron-based powder compositions containing molybdenum, nickel and copper.
It is however obvious that, when producing a sintered iron-based component, from a powder wherein molybdenum is pre-alloyed and wherein copper and nickel are diffusion alloyed, the content of the alloying elements in the sintered iron-based component will be substantially identical with the content of alloying elements in the used diffusion alloyed powder. In order to reach different contents of the alloying elements in the sintered component, yielding different properties, iron-based powders having different contents of the alloying elements have to be used.
The present invention provides a method of eliminating the need of producing a specific powder for each desired chemical composition of the sintered iron-based component having alloying elements from molybdenum, copper and nickel. The invention also offers the advantage of providing a method for controlling the dimensional change and the tensile strength to predetermined values. In a specific embodiment the dimensional change is independent of the carbon content and the density.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In brief the invention concerns a powder metallurgical combination of three different iron-based powders. The first of these iron-based powders consisting of core particles of iron, pre-alloyed with molybdenum, which is additionally diffusion alloyed with copper and the second iron-based powder consisting of core particles of iron, pre-alloyed with molybdenum, which is diffusion alloyed with nickel. The third iron-based powder essentially consists of particles of iron pre-alloyed with molybdenum.
The invention also concerns the two diffusion alloyed iron-based powders.
A method according to the invention comprises the steps of combining these three iron-based powders in predetermined amounts, mixing the combination with graphite, compacting the obtained mixture and sintering the obtained green body.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention refers to iron-based powder metallurgical combinations and to methods for preparing sintered powder metallurgical components therefrom. More specifically the invention refers to the production of sintered components including copper, nickel and molybdenum by using these combinations.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Within the powder metallurgical field, copper, nickel and molybdenum has since long been used as alloying elements in the production of high strength sintered components.
Sintered iron-based components can be produced by mixing alloying elements with the pure iron powders. However, this may cause problems with dust and segregation which may lead to variations in size and mechanical properties of the sintered component. In order to avoid segregation the alloying elements may be pre-alloyed or diffusion alloyed with the iron powder. In one method molybdenum is pre-alloyed with iron powder and this pre-alloyed iron powder is subsequently diffusion alloyed with copper and nickel for production of sintered components from iron-based powder compositions containing molybdenum, nickel and copper.
It is however obvious that, when producing a sintered iron-based component, from a powder wherein molybdenum is pre-alloyed and wherein copper and nickel are diffusion alloyed, the content of the alloying elements in the sintered iron-based component will be substantially identical with the content of alloying elements in the used diffusion alloyed powder. In order to reach different contents of the alloying elements in the sintered component, yielding different properties, iron-based powders having different contents of the alloying elements have to be used.
The present invention provides a method of eliminating the need of producing a specific powder for each desired chemical composition of the sintered iron-based component having alloying elements from molybdenum, copper and nickel. The invention also offers the advantage of providing a method for controlling the dimensional change and the tensile strength to predetermined values. In a specific embodiment the dimensional change is independent of the carbon content and the density.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In brief the invention concerns a powder metallurgical combination of three different iron-based powders. The first of these iron-based powders consisting of core particles of iron, pre-alloyed with molybdenum, which is additionally diffusion alloyed with copper and the second iron-based powder consisting of core particles of iron, pre-alloyed with molybdenum, which is diffusion alloyed with nickel. The third iron-based powder essentially consists of particles of iron pre-alloyed with molybdenum.
The invention also concerns the two diffusion alloyed iron-based powders.
A method according to the invention comprises the steps of combining these three iron-based powders in predetermined amounts, mixing the combination with graphite, compacting the obtained mixture and sintering the obtained green body.
Another aspect of the invention concerns a method of providing a sintered component having a predetermined strength and a predetermined dimensional change during sintering.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig 1-4 illustrate diagrams for determining the copper and nickel content in the powder metallurgical combination for a predetermined strength and dimensional change.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Specifically the iron-based powder metallurgical combination according to the invention comprises:
- an iron-based powder A essentially consisting of core particles of iron pre-alloyed with molybdenum, whereby 6-15%, preferably 8-12% by weight of copper, is diffusion alloyed to the core particles.
- an iron-based powder B essentially consisting of core particles of iron pre-alloyed with molybdenum, whereby 4.5-8%, preferably 5-7% by weight of nickel, is diffusion alloyed to the core particles, and - an iron-based powder C, essentially consisting of particles of iron pre-alloyed with molybdenum.
The amount of pre-alloyed molybdenum in the particles in the iron-based powders A, B and C, respectively, may vary between 0.3-2% by weight, preferably 0.5 and 1.5% by weight. In one embodiment the particles in all three powders are pre-alloyed with the same amount of molybdenum. Amounts above 2% of Mo does not give an increase of the strength justifying the increase of the costs. Amounts of Mo below 0.3% does not give a significant effect of the strength.
The amount of copper and nickel which is diffusion alloyed to the core particles is limited in the upper range to 15% copper and 12% nickel. The lower limit of copper and nickel which is diffusion alloyed to the core particles should be substantially higher than the amount required in the sintered component to achieve the advantages of the invention. Thus, for practical reasons an iron-based powder essentially consisting of core particles pre-alloyed with molybdenum and comprising at least 6% copper diffusion alloyed to the core particles and an iron-based powder having core particles pre-alloyed with molybdenum and comprising at least 4.5%
nickel diffusion alloyed to the core particles are of special interest.
The powders A, B and C, respectively, essentially consist of particles of iron pre-alloyed with molybdenum, but other elements, except unavoidable impurities, may be pre-alloyed to the particles. Such elements may be nickel, copper, chromium and manganese.
In order to produce a sintered component from the powder combination according to the present invention, the respective amounts of powder A, B and C are determined and mixed with graphite in the amount required for the predetermined strength. The obtained mixture may be mixed with other additives before compaction and sintering. The amount of graphite which is mixed in the powder combination is up to 1%, preferably 0.3-0.7%.
Other additives are selected from the group consisting of lubricants, binders, other alloying elements, hard phase materials, machinability enhancing agents.
In accordance with one embodiment of the powder metallurgical combination, powder C is essentially free from Cu and Ni.
The relation between powder A, B and C is preferably chosen so that the copper content will be 0.2-2% by weight, the nickel content will be 0.1-4% by weight and the molybdenum content will be 0.3-2% by weight, preferably 0.5-1.5% by weight of the sintered component.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig 1-4 illustrate diagrams for determining the copper and nickel content in the powder metallurgical combination for a predetermined strength and dimensional change.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Specifically the iron-based powder metallurgical combination according to the invention comprises:
- an iron-based powder A essentially consisting of core particles of iron pre-alloyed with molybdenum, whereby 6-15%, preferably 8-12% by weight of copper, is diffusion alloyed to the core particles.
- an iron-based powder B essentially consisting of core particles of iron pre-alloyed with molybdenum, whereby 4.5-8%, preferably 5-7% by weight of nickel, is diffusion alloyed to the core particles, and - an iron-based powder C, essentially consisting of particles of iron pre-alloyed with molybdenum.
The amount of pre-alloyed molybdenum in the particles in the iron-based powders A, B and C, respectively, may vary between 0.3-2% by weight, preferably 0.5 and 1.5% by weight. In one embodiment the particles in all three powders are pre-alloyed with the same amount of molybdenum. Amounts above 2% of Mo does not give an increase of the strength justifying the increase of the costs. Amounts of Mo below 0.3% does not give a significant effect of the strength.
The amount of copper and nickel which is diffusion alloyed to the core particles is limited in the upper range to 15% copper and 12% nickel. The lower limit of copper and nickel which is diffusion alloyed to the core particles should be substantially higher than the amount required in the sintered component to achieve the advantages of the invention. Thus, for practical reasons an iron-based powder essentially consisting of core particles pre-alloyed with molybdenum and comprising at least 6% copper diffusion alloyed to the core particles and an iron-based powder having core particles pre-alloyed with molybdenum and comprising at least 4.5%
nickel diffusion alloyed to the core particles are of special interest.
The powders A, B and C, respectively, essentially consist of particles of iron pre-alloyed with molybdenum, but other elements, except unavoidable impurities, may be pre-alloyed to the particles. Such elements may be nickel, copper, chromium and manganese.
In order to produce a sintered component from the powder combination according to the present invention, the respective amounts of powder A, B and C are determined and mixed with graphite in the amount required for the predetermined strength. The obtained mixture may be mixed with other additives before compaction and sintering. The amount of graphite which is mixed in the powder combination is up to 1%, preferably 0.3-0.7%.
Other additives are selected from the group consisting of lubricants, binders, other alloying elements, hard phase materials, machinability enhancing agents.
In accordance with one embodiment of the powder metallurgical combination, powder C is essentially free from Cu and Ni.
The relation between powder A, B and C is preferably chosen so that the copper content will be 0.2-2% by weight, the nickel content will be 0.1-4% by weight and the molybdenum content will be 0.3-2% by weight, preferably 0.5-1.5% by weight of the sintered component.
5 In one embodiment the copper content is 0.2-2%, preferably 0.4-0.8% and the nickel content is 0.1-4%. It has unexpectedly been found that in this particular embodiment the dimensional change during sintering is independent of the carbon content and sintered density.
In order to produce a sintered component with a predetermined dimensional change and strength, the amounts of copper, nickel and carbon, respectively, in the sintered component is determined by means of diagrams, e.g. from fig 1-4. The required amounts of powder A, B and C, respectively, may then be determined by a person skilled in the art.
The powders are mixed with graphite to obtain the final desired carbon content. The powder combination is compacted at a compaction pressure between 400-1000 MPa and the obtained green body is sintered at 1100-1300 C
for 10-60 minutes in a protective atmosphere. The sintered body may be subjected to further post treatments, such as heat treatment, surface densification, machining etc.
The exemplifying diagrams in fig 1-4 are valid at a compaction pressure of 600 MPa, sintered at 1120 C for 30 minutes in an atmosphere of 90% nitrogen and 10% of hydrogen.
According to the present invention sintered components containing various amounts of molybdenum, copper and nickel may be produced. This is achieved by using a combination of three different powders, which are mixed in different proportions to achieve a powder having the required chemical composition for the actual sintered component.
To summarize a particular advantage of the invention is that the dimensional change during sintering as well as the strength of the sintered component can be controlled.
The advantage of being able to control the dimensional change will facilitate the use of existing pressing tools. When producing sintered parts a certain scatter in carbon content and density may be unavoidable. By utilising the combinations having a dimensional change independent of the density and carbon content the scatter in dimensions after sintering will be reduced hence subsequent machining and machining costs can be decreased.
The invention is illustrated by the following non-limiting examples:
Example 1 This example demonstrates how to choose an alloying composition having a desired strength of about 600 MPa and three levels of dimensional change (-0.1%, 0.0% and +0.10). This was done for two carbon levels, 0.5% C and 0.3% C, respectively, in the powder combinations according to table 1, where the lower carbon content yields better ductility as can be seen in table 2.
The powder combinations according to the present invention were prepared from a powder A with 10% of copper diffusion alloyed to the surface of an iron-based powder pre-alloyed with 0.85% of molybdenum, a powder B
with 5% of nickel diffusion alloyed to the surface of an iron-based powder pre-alloyed with 0.85% of molybdenum and a powder C of an iron-based powder pre-alloyed with 0.85% of molybdenum.
In order to produce a sintered component with a predetermined dimensional change and strength, the amounts of copper, nickel and carbon, respectively, in the sintered component is determined by means of diagrams, e.g. from fig 1-4. The required amounts of powder A, B and C, respectively, may then be determined by a person skilled in the art.
The powders are mixed with graphite to obtain the final desired carbon content. The powder combination is compacted at a compaction pressure between 400-1000 MPa and the obtained green body is sintered at 1100-1300 C
for 10-60 minutes in a protective atmosphere. The sintered body may be subjected to further post treatments, such as heat treatment, surface densification, machining etc.
The exemplifying diagrams in fig 1-4 are valid at a compaction pressure of 600 MPa, sintered at 1120 C for 30 minutes in an atmosphere of 90% nitrogen and 10% of hydrogen.
According to the present invention sintered components containing various amounts of molybdenum, copper and nickel may be produced. This is achieved by using a combination of three different powders, which are mixed in different proportions to achieve a powder having the required chemical composition for the actual sintered component.
To summarize a particular advantage of the invention is that the dimensional change during sintering as well as the strength of the sintered component can be controlled.
The advantage of being able to control the dimensional change will facilitate the use of existing pressing tools. When producing sintered parts a certain scatter in carbon content and density may be unavoidable. By utilising the combinations having a dimensional change independent of the density and carbon content the scatter in dimensions after sintering will be reduced hence subsequent machining and machining costs can be decreased.
The invention is illustrated by the following non-limiting examples:
Example 1 This example demonstrates how to choose an alloying composition having a desired strength of about 600 MPa and three levels of dimensional change (-0.1%, 0.0% and +0.10). This was done for two carbon levels, 0.5% C and 0.3% C, respectively, in the powder combinations according to table 1, where the lower carbon content yields better ductility as can be seen in table 2.
The powder combinations according to the present invention were prepared from a powder A with 10% of copper diffusion alloyed to the surface of an iron-based powder pre-alloyed with 0.85% of molybdenum, a powder B
with 5% of nickel diffusion alloyed to the surface of an iron-based powder pre-alloyed with 0.85% of molybdenum and a powder C of an iron-based powder pre-alloyed with 0.85% of molybdenum.
The powder combinations were mixed with 0.8% amide wax as a lubricant and graphite, to yield a sintered carbon content of 0.3 % and 0.5 %, respectively. The obtained mixtures were compacted to tensile test specimen according to ISO 2740.
The compaction pressure was 600 MPa and the sintering conditions were: 1120 C, 30 min, 90% N2/10% Hz. In table 2 other mechanical properties from the powder combinations according to the invention are presented. It can be clearly seen that the powder combinations according to the invention have the predetermined dimensional change according to fig 3.
Table 1 Sintered Dimensional Cu Ni Mo C density change (a) (s) M M (g/cm3) M
Powder combination (1) 0.6 1.3 0.83 0.5 7.08 -0.104 Powder combination (2) 1.15 0.8 0.83 0.5 7.06 0.004 Powder combination (3) 1.55 0.4 0.83 0.5 7.04 0.096 Powder combination (4) 0.9 2.3 0.83 0.3 7.11 -0.096 Powder combination (5) 1.3 2 0.83 0.3 7.09 0.007 Powder combination (6) 1.6 1.7 0.83 0.3 7.07 0.095 Table 2 Tensile Yield Young's Hardness strength strength modulus Elongation HV10 (MPa) (MPa) (GPa) (o) Powder combination (1) 219 599 413 139 2.0 Powder combination (2) 223 601 429 139 1.8 Powder combination (3) 219 602 447 139 1.6 Powder combination (4) 207 601 397 138 2.4 Powder combination (5) 209 604 408 137 2.2 Powder combination (6) 206 602 417 137 2.1 Example 2 This example illustrates powder combinations according to the invention, comprising 0.6% Cu and 2% Ni and a specific embodiment having dimensional change independent of carbon content and sintered density as shown in table 3. The results obtained with these combinations are compared with the results obtained with Distaloy AB
(available from Hoganas AB, Sweden) as well as with a powder having the same chemical composition as the powder combination according to the invention but wherein iron-based powder pre-alloyed with molybdenum has both copper and nickel diffusion alloyed to the surface, in table 3 designated as "fixed composition".
The powder combinations according to the present invention were prepared from a powder A with 10% of copper diffusion alloyed to the surface of an iron-based powder pre-alloyed with 0.85% of molybdenum, a powder B
with 5% of nickel diffusion alloyed to the surface of an iron-based powder pre-alloyed with 0.85% of molybdenum and a powder C consisting of an iron-based powder pre-alloyed with 0.85% of molybdenum.
Table 3 shows a specific example where a mixture of powder A, powder B and powder C having a total content of 0.6% copper, 2% of nickel and 0.83% of molybdenum is compared with a known powder, Distaloy AB, and an iron-based powder having 0.83% of pre-alloyed molybdenum, 0.6%
of copper and 2% of nickel diffusion alloyed to the surface of the iron-based powder. As disclosed in table 3 the dimensional change of sintered samples, produced from the powder combination according to the invention, is essentially independent of the carbon content and density compared with the known powder Distaloy AB or the iron-based powder diffusion alloyed with both copper and nickel.
The compaction pressure was 600 MPa and the sintering conditions were: 1120 C, 30 min, 90% N2/10% Hz. In table 2 other mechanical properties from the powder combinations according to the invention are presented. It can be clearly seen that the powder combinations according to the invention have the predetermined dimensional change according to fig 3.
Table 1 Sintered Dimensional Cu Ni Mo C density change (a) (s) M M (g/cm3) M
Powder combination (1) 0.6 1.3 0.83 0.5 7.08 -0.104 Powder combination (2) 1.15 0.8 0.83 0.5 7.06 0.004 Powder combination (3) 1.55 0.4 0.83 0.5 7.04 0.096 Powder combination (4) 0.9 2.3 0.83 0.3 7.11 -0.096 Powder combination (5) 1.3 2 0.83 0.3 7.09 0.007 Powder combination (6) 1.6 1.7 0.83 0.3 7.07 0.095 Table 2 Tensile Yield Young's Hardness strength strength modulus Elongation HV10 (MPa) (MPa) (GPa) (o) Powder combination (1) 219 599 413 139 2.0 Powder combination (2) 223 601 429 139 1.8 Powder combination (3) 219 602 447 139 1.6 Powder combination (4) 207 601 397 138 2.4 Powder combination (5) 209 604 408 137 2.2 Powder combination (6) 206 602 417 137 2.1 Example 2 This example illustrates powder combinations according to the invention, comprising 0.6% Cu and 2% Ni and a specific embodiment having dimensional change independent of carbon content and sintered density as shown in table 3. The results obtained with these combinations are compared with the results obtained with Distaloy AB
(available from Hoganas AB, Sweden) as well as with a powder having the same chemical composition as the powder combination according to the invention but wherein iron-based powder pre-alloyed with molybdenum has both copper and nickel diffusion alloyed to the surface, in table 3 designated as "fixed composition".
The powder combinations according to the present invention were prepared from a powder A with 10% of copper diffusion alloyed to the surface of an iron-based powder pre-alloyed with 0.85% of molybdenum, a powder B
with 5% of nickel diffusion alloyed to the surface of an iron-based powder pre-alloyed with 0.85% of molybdenum and a powder C consisting of an iron-based powder pre-alloyed with 0.85% of molybdenum.
Table 3 shows a specific example where a mixture of powder A, powder B and powder C having a total content of 0.6% copper, 2% of nickel and 0.83% of molybdenum is compared with a known powder, Distaloy AB, and an iron-based powder having 0.83% of pre-alloyed molybdenum, 0.6%
of copper and 2% of nickel diffusion alloyed to the surface of the iron-based powder. As disclosed in table 3 the dimensional change of sintered samples, produced from the powder combination according to the invention, is essentially independent of the carbon content and density compared with the known powder Distaloy AB or the iron-based powder diffusion alloyed with both copper and nickel.
The powder combinations were mixed with 0.8% amide wax as a lubricant and graphite, to yield a sintered carbon content according to table 3. The obtained mixture were compacted to tensile test specimen according to ISO 2740 at different compaction pressures according to table 3.
The tensile test specimen were sintered at 1120 C for 30 minutes in an atmosphere of 90 % nitrogen and 10 % of hydrogen. In table 4 further mechanical properties are presented.
Table 3 Compacting Sintered Dimensional Cu Ni Mo C pressure density change (o) (o) (1--) M (MPa) (g/cm3) (o) Powder combination (7)* 0.6 2 0.830.38 600 7.11 -0.117 Powder combination (8)* 0.6 2 0.830.54 600 7.09 -0.118 Powder combination (9)* 0.6 2 0.830.74 600 7.06 -0.117 Powder combination (10)* 0.6 2 0.830.55 400 6.77 -0.114 Powder combination (11)* 0.6 2 0.830.53 800 7.22 -0.129 Fixed composition (1) 0.6 2 0.830.21 600 7.16 -0.155 Fixed composition (2) 0.6 2 0.830.50 600 7.12 -0.147 Fixed composition (3) 0.6 2 0.830.78 600 7.08 -0.118 Fixed composition (4) 0.6 2 0.830.21 400 6.79 -0.134 Fixed composition (5) 0.6 2 0.830.49 800 7.26 -0.163 Distaloy AB (2) 1.5 1.75 0.5 0.35 600 7.06 -0.012 Distaloy AB (3) 1.5 1.75 0.5 0.54 600 7.05 -0.034 Distaloy AB (4) 1.5 1.75 0.5 0.73 600 7.04 -0.056 Distaloy AB (5) 1.5 1.75 0.5 0.54 400 6.73 -0.048 Distaloy AB (6) 1.5 1.75 0.5 0.53 800 7.19 -0.027 (*) Powder combination according to the invention Table 4 Tensile Yield Young's Hardness strength strength modulus Elongation HV10 (MPa) (MPa) (GPa) (%) Powder combination (7)* 183 570 391 137 2.6 Powder combination (8)* 206 632 433 135 1.8 Powder combination (9)* 244 669 485 138 1.1 Powder combination (10)* 171 507 363 114 1.3 Powder combination (11)* 234 672 450 143 2.1 Fixed composition (1) - - - - -Fixed composition (2) 213 649 437 133 2.2 Fixed composition (3) - - - - -Fixed composition (4) - - - - -Fixed composition (5) - - - - -Distaloy AB (2) 160 562 333 133 3.8 Distaloy AB (3) 189 618 392 136 2.2 Distaloy AB (4) 218 626 437 139 1.1 Distaloy AB (5) 160 523 344 115 1.0 Distaloy AB (6) 200 658 411 145 2.8 (*) Powder combination according to the invention
The tensile test specimen were sintered at 1120 C for 30 minutes in an atmosphere of 90 % nitrogen and 10 % of hydrogen. In table 4 further mechanical properties are presented.
Table 3 Compacting Sintered Dimensional Cu Ni Mo C pressure density change (o) (o) (1--) M (MPa) (g/cm3) (o) Powder combination (7)* 0.6 2 0.830.38 600 7.11 -0.117 Powder combination (8)* 0.6 2 0.830.54 600 7.09 -0.118 Powder combination (9)* 0.6 2 0.830.74 600 7.06 -0.117 Powder combination (10)* 0.6 2 0.830.55 400 6.77 -0.114 Powder combination (11)* 0.6 2 0.830.53 800 7.22 -0.129 Fixed composition (1) 0.6 2 0.830.21 600 7.16 -0.155 Fixed composition (2) 0.6 2 0.830.50 600 7.12 -0.147 Fixed composition (3) 0.6 2 0.830.78 600 7.08 -0.118 Fixed composition (4) 0.6 2 0.830.21 400 6.79 -0.134 Fixed composition (5) 0.6 2 0.830.49 800 7.26 -0.163 Distaloy AB (2) 1.5 1.75 0.5 0.35 600 7.06 -0.012 Distaloy AB (3) 1.5 1.75 0.5 0.54 600 7.05 -0.034 Distaloy AB (4) 1.5 1.75 0.5 0.73 600 7.04 -0.056 Distaloy AB (5) 1.5 1.75 0.5 0.54 400 6.73 -0.048 Distaloy AB (6) 1.5 1.75 0.5 0.53 800 7.19 -0.027 (*) Powder combination according to the invention Table 4 Tensile Yield Young's Hardness strength strength modulus Elongation HV10 (MPa) (MPa) (GPa) (%) Powder combination (7)* 183 570 391 137 2.6 Powder combination (8)* 206 632 433 135 1.8 Powder combination (9)* 244 669 485 138 1.1 Powder combination (10)* 171 507 363 114 1.3 Powder combination (11)* 234 672 450 143 2.1 Fixed composition (1) - - - - -Fixed composition (2) 213 649 437 133 2.2 Fixed composition (3) - - - - -Fixed composition (4) - - - - -Fixed composition (5) - - - - -Distaloy AB (2) 160 562 333 133 3.8 Distaloy AB (3) 189 618 392 136 2.2 Distaloy AB (4) 218 626 437 139 1.1 Distaloy AB (5) 160 523 344 115 1.0 Distaloy AB (6) 200 658 411 145 2.8 (*) Powder combination according to the invention
Claims (14)
1. A powder metallurgical combination comprising:
- an iron-based powder A, essentially consisting of core particles of iron pre-alloyed with molybdenum, whereby 6-15% by weight of powder A is copper being diffusion alloyed to the core particles, - an iron-based powder B, essentially consisting of core particles of iron pre-alloyed with molybdenum, whereby 4.5-8% by weight of powder B is nickel being diffusion alloyed to the core particles, and - an iron-based powder C, essentially consisting of particles of iron pre-alloyed with molybdenum.
- an iron-based powder A, essentially consisting of core particles of iron pre-alloyed with molybdenum, whereby 6-15% by weight of powder A is copper being diffusion alloyed to the core particles, - an iron-based powder B, essentially consisting of core particles of iron pre-alloyed with molybdenum, whereby 4.5-8% by weight of powder B is nickel being diffusion alloyed to the core particles, and - an iron-based powder C, essentially consisting of particles of iron pre-alloyed with molybdenum.
2. The powder metallurgical combination according to claim 1, wherein the amount of copper in powder A is 8-12% by weight.
3. The powder metallurgical combination according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of nickel in powder B is 5-7% by weight.
4. The powder metallurgical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the amount of molybdenum in each of powder A, B or C is 0.3-2%, preferably 0.5-1.5%, by weight.
5. The powder metallurgical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the amount of molybdenum is essentially the same in each of powder A, B or C.
6. The powder metallurgical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the amount of copper in the combination is within the range 0.2-2%, preferably 0.4-0.8% by weight.
7. The powder metallurgical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the amount of nickel in the combination is within the range 0.1-4% by weight.
8. The powder metallurgical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising up to 1%, preferably 0.3-0.7% graphite by weight.
9. The powder metallurgical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising other additives selected from the group consisting of lubricants, binders, other alloying elements, hard phase materials, machinability enhancing agents.
10. The powder metallurgical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein powder C is essentially free from Cu and Ni.
11. A diffusion alloyed iron-based powder essentially consisting of core particles of iron pre-alloyed with 0.3-2%, preferably 0.5-1.5%, and more preferably 0.7-1.0%
by weight of molybdenum, whereby 6-15%, preferably 8-12%
by weight of said powder is copper diffusion alloyed to the core particles.
by weight of molybdenum, whereby 6-15%, preferably 8-12%
by weight of said powder is copper diffusion alloyed to the core particles.
12. A diffusion alloyed iron-based powder essentially consisting of core particles of iron pre-alloyed with 0.3-2%, preferably 0.5-1.5%, and more preferably 0.7-1.0%
by weight of molybdenum, whereby 4.5-8%, preferably 5-7%
by weight of said powder is nickel diffusion alloyed to the core particles.
by weight of molybdenum, whereby 4.5-8%, preferably 5-7%
by weight of said powder is nickel diffusion alloyed to the core particles.
13. A method of preparing an iron-based sintered component comprising 0.3-2%, preferably 0.5-1.5% by weight of molybdenum, 0.2-2%, preferably 0.4-0.8% by weight of copper and 0.1-4% by weight of nickel by:
- mixing powders A, B, C as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10 and graphite, - compacting the mixture to form a compacted body, - sintering the body.
- mixing powders A, B, C as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10 and graphite, - compacting the mixture to form a compacted body, - sintering the body.
14. A method to obtain a sintered component, having a predetermined strength and a predetermined dimensional change during sintering, including the steps of:
- determining the required amounts of copper, nickel, molybdenum and carbon in the sintered component needed for obtaining the predetermined strength and dimensional change, - determining the respective amounts of powder A, B and C
as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10, - mixing the determined amounts of powders A, B and C
with graphite and optional other additives, - compacting the mixture to form a powder compact; and - sintering the powder compact.
- determining the required amounts of copper, nickel, molybdenum and carbon in the sintered component needed for obtaining the predetermined strength and dimensional change, - determining the respective amounts of powder A, B and C
as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10, - mixing the determined amounts of powders A, B and C
with graphite and optional other additives, - compacting the mixture to form a powder compact; and - sintering the powder compact.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE0500261 | 2005-02-04 | ||
| SE0500261-3 | 2005-02-04 | ||
| PCT/SE2006/000080 WO2006083206A1 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2006-01-20 | Iron-based powder combination |
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|---|---|
| CA2595905A1 true CA2595905A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
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| CA002595905A Abandoned CA2595905A1 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2006-01-20 | Iron-based powder combination |
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| US (1) | US20080089801A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1844172B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5108531B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100970796B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100532606C (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0607356A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2595905A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2007009531A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2366537C2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI325896B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006083206A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200705662B (en) |
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| ES2424441T3 (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2013-10-02 | Höganäs Ab (Publ) | Combination of iron-based powder and procedure to produce it |
| KR100992713B1 (en) | 2007-10-04 | 2010-11-05 | 기아자동차주식회사 | dead lock device for electric steering column lock system |
| KR20110099336A (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2011-09-07 | 회가내스 아베 | A method of producing a diffusion alloyed iron or iron-based powder, a diffusional alloyed powder, a composition including the diffusion alloyed powder, and a compacted and sintered part produced from the composition |
| CN103459632B (en) * | 2011-04-06 | 2017-05-31 | 赫格纳斯公司 | Powdery metallurgical powder and its application method containing vanadium |
| CN105344992A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-02-24 | 苏州紫光伟业激光科技有限公司 | Metallurgy powder composition |
| DE102018209682A1 (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | Mahle International Gmbh | Process for the manufacture of a powder metallurgical product |
| WO2020086971A1 (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2020-04-30 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Corrosion and wear resistant nickel based alloys |
| RU2701232C1 (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-09-25 | Публичное акционерное общество "Северсталь" | Method of producing alloyed powder mixture for production of critical structural powder parts |
| WO2020227099A1 (en) | 2019-05-03 | 2020-11-12 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Powder feedstock for wear resistant bulk welding configured to optimize manufacturability |
| KR20210029582A (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2021-03-16 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Iron-based prealloy powder, iron-based diffusion-bonded powder, and iron-based alloy powder for powder metallurgy using the same |
| KR20210104418A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2021-08-25 | 현대자동차주식회사 | A outer ring for variable oil pump and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN116024483B (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-09-15 | 江苏群达机械科技有限公司 | Low-alloy high-strength Cr-Mo steel material and preparation method thereof |
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| US4069044A (en) * | 1976-08-06 | 1978-01-17 | Stanislaw Mocarski | Method of producing a forged article from prealloyed-premixed water atomized ferrous alloy powder |
| JPS54104406A (en) * | 1978-02-06 | 1979-08-16 | Toyo Kohan Co Ltd | Production of high temperature abrasion resistant sintered alloy steel |
| JPS5594401A (en) * | 1979-01-09 | 1980-07-17 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Stainless steel powder |
| JPS59215401A (en) * | 1983-05-19 | 1984-12-05 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Alloy steel powder for powder metallurgy and its production |
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| JPS61253342A (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1986-11-11 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Manufacture of sintered stainless steel |
| JPH0745683B2 (en) * | 1987-09-30 | 1995-05-17 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | Composite steel powder with excellent compressibility and homogeneity |
| JPH01165702A (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1989-06-29 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Manufacture of alloy steel sintered compact having high density and high strength |
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| DE3942091C1 (en) * | 1989-12-20 | 1991-08-14 | Etablissement Supervis, Vaduz, Li | |
| JPH04297502A (en) * | 1991-03-25 | 1992-10-21 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Manufacture of ni-containing ferrous sintered material |
| SE9101819D0 (en) * | 1991-06-12 | 1991-06-12 | Hoeganaes Ab | ANNUAL BASED POWDER COMPOSITION WHICH SINCERATES GOOD FORM STABILITY AFTER SINTERING |
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| MX2007009531A (en) | 2008-02-12 |
| KR20070099690A (en) | 2007-10-09 |
| US20080089801A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
| KR100970796B1 (en) | 2010-07-16 |
| TWI325896B (en) | 2010-06-11 |
| JP2008528811A (en) | 2008-07-31 |
| WO2006083206A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
| TW200632111A (en) | 2006-09-16 |
| EP1844172A4 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
| EP1844172B1 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
| CN101111617A (en) | 2008-01-23 |
| ZA200705662B (en) | 2009-01-28 |
| RU2366537C2 (en) | 2009-09-10 |
| EP1844172A1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
| BRPI0607356A2 (en) | 2009-09-01 |
| CN100532606C (en) | 2009-08-26 |
| JP5108531B2 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
| RU2007133101A (en) | 2009-03-10 |
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