CA2589943A1 - Concrete sleeper and method for the production thereof - Google Patents
Concrete sleeper and method for the production thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2589943A1 CA2589943A1 CA002589943A CA2589943A CA2589943A1 CA 2589943 A1 CA2589943 A1 CA 2589943A1 CA 002589943 A CA002589943 A CA 002589943A CA 2589943 A CA2589943 A CA 2589943A CA 2589943 A1 CA2589943 A1 CA 2589943A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- resistant
- sleeper
- abrasion
- wear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 241001669679 Eleotris Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/008—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material made from two or more materials having different characteristics or properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/005—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects with anchoring or fastening elements for the shaped articles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
- E01B3/46—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from different materials
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed is a concrete sleeper for great dynamic loads with rail supporting areas (2) and a lower base zone. Said concrete sleeper is made of a high-strength standard concrete (4) that absorbs great pressure. The rail supporting areas (2) and/or the lower base zone is/are made of a wear-resistant, non-abrasive, or tension-proof material.
Description
Concrete sleeper and method for the production thereof The invention relates to a concrete sleeper for high dynamic loads with rail support surfaces and a lower rail region, consisting of a high-strength standard concrete capable of withstanding high compression forces.
In the case of high dynamic loads, the phenomena of wear and/or abrasion frequently occur in the rail support regions and on the underside of the concrete sleepers. This wear is brought about by the compression of plastics layers inserted between the rail and the concrete body of the concrete sleeper, or by the shifting of grains in the ballast bed underneath the concrete sleeper.
Such abrasion phenomena may also arise for example due to the braking of the enormously long trains used in the USA and Australia, which may displace the welded rails by a few millimetres, naturally leading to corresponding abrasion action on the concrete sleepers.
In the case of pulsating vertical load, the plastics layers are also expanded and contracted in the horizontal direction and consequently rub against the concrete surface of the sleepers. On the underside of the concrete sleepers, again the ballast grains rub against the concrete body. This results in the removal of material at the rail support points and on the underside of the concrete sleeper.
Consequently, the geometry and carrying capacity of the concrete sleepers is sufficiently impaired over time that these are no longer fit as safe, stable supporting elements.
The object of the invention is therefore to create a concrete sleeper of the type mentioned in the introduction which counteracts these properties of wear at minimal cost.
In the case of high dynamic loads, the phenomena of wear and/or abrasion frequently occur in the rail support regions and on the underside of the concrete sleepers. This wear is brought about by the compression of plastics layers inserted between the rail and the concrete body of the concrete sleeper, or by the shifting of grains in the ballast bed underneath the concrete sleeper.
Such abrasion phenomena may also arise for example due to the braking of the enormously long trains used in the USA and Australia, which may displace the welded rails by a few millimetres, naturally leading to corresponding abrasion action on the concrete sleepers.
In the case of pulsating vertical load, the plastics layers are also expanded and contracted in the horizontal direction and consequently rub against the concrete surface of the sleepers. On the underside of the concrete sleepers, again the ballast grains rub against the concrete body. This results in the removal of material at the rail support points and on the underside of the concrete sleeper.
Consequently, the geometry and carrying capacity of the concrete sleepers is sufficiently impaired over time that these are no longer fit as safe, stable supporting elements.
The object of the invention is therefore to create a concrete sleeper of the type mentioned in the introduction which counteracts these properties of wear at minimal cost.
To achieve this it is proposed according to the invention that rail support surfaces and/or the lower sole region consist(s) of a wear-resistant, abrasion-resistant or tension-resistant material.
In addition, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a concrete sleeper of the type described.
It may be provided according to the invention that the wear-resistant, abrasion-resistant or tension-resistant material is inserted as a prefabricated plate or profile into a sleeper mould below or on the standard concrete and bonds therewith as this hardens.
The wear-resistant, abrasion-resistant or tension-resistant material may be an inserted metal angle, for example.
According to an alternative embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the wear-resistant, abrasion-resistant or tension-resistant material is bonded and hardened wet-on-wet with the standard concrete in a sleeper mould, in that according to the type of placing in the sleeper, first the wear-resistant, abrasion-resistant or tension-resistant material is inserted into the sleeper mould as a special concrete material and then the standard concrete is poured in or conversely the standard concrete is poured in first and then, to form the wear-and abrasion-resistant sole, the special concrete material is introduced into the sleeper mould as the top layer.
According to the invention, in this method, by introducing the different plastic concrete materials directly one after another, wet on wet, the standard concrete and the special concrete material can be mixed together in their border region by shaking or vibrating in such a manner that they form a monolithic body, but one which has over its height the desired differing bending tensile strength or abrasion-resistance.
= CA 02589943 2007-05-30 Alternatively, in a development of the method according to the invention, it can be provided that a preferably prefabricated plate composed of plastics material is used, the plate preferably being inserted in the liquid or still-plastic form into the concrete mould and in this state forming a bond with the concrete.
Further advantages and details of the invention will appear from the following description of some embodiments and from the drawings, which show:
Figures 1 and 2, a section through a sleeper mould for manufacturing a concrete sleeper according to the invention having abrasion-resistant rail support surfaces, different modifications being shown to the left and right, Figures 3 and 4, a longitudinal section through a sleeper mould in two different stages of filling for the manufacture of a concrete sleeper according to the invention with abrasion-resistant and/or wear-resistant material in the lower sole region of the concrete sleeper, Figures 5 and 6, longitudinal sections through a sleeper mould in the manufacture of a concrete sleeper according to the invention with high tensile strength in the lower sole region, and Figures 7 to 9, sections through a sleeper mould in the various stages of manufacture of a concrete sleeper, which is exposed in the centre of the upper face to high tensile stresses.
In Fig. 1, a sleeper mould 1 is shown which has the shaping regions for forming rail support surfaces 2. In order to achieve increased abrasion- and wear-resistance in the region of these rail support surfaces 2 acting as supports in the case of high dynamic, possibly pulsating vertical loads, either, as is shown to the right in Fig. 1, steel angles 3 can be inserted before filling with the sleeper concrete, or a first concrete layer 3' consisting of an abrasion- and wear-resistant material can be applied, as is shown to the left in Fig. 1. Then the mould is filled with a standard sleeper concrete 4, as is shown in Fig. 2. In this case, a prefabricated component, in the present case the steel angle 3, is bonded into the pressure-resistant standard concrete 4 or by shaking and vibration, shown to the left, the two types of concrete are mingled in the border region, so that a monolithic body is formed, but one which has over its height the desired different properties of abrasion- and wear-resistance.
In Figures 3 and 4, the method of manufacturing a sleeper with high abrasion-and wear-resistance in the lower sole region is shown. To this end, first the standard concrete 4 is introduced into the sleeper mould 1, leaving a slight layer thickness free at the top, and then still in the wet state of the standard concrete 4, a layer of an abrasion-resistant and/or wear-resistant special concrete 3"
is applied.
In the embodiment according to Figures 5 and 6, the manufacture of a sleeper is shown for rail sections in which high tension forces occur in the lower region of the concrete sleepers. Into the sleeper mould 1, first, as before, the standard concrete 4 with a high pressure-resistance is introduced up to about half the sleeper height, and then a special concrete 3"' with a high tensile strength is poured in, and again by compression and vibration, a monolithic bond of the two types of concrete is achieved in the border areas.
Finally, Figures 7 to 9 show an embodiment in which a concrete sleeper, as manufactured in Figures 5 and 6, has been prepared for the case where it rests in the centre, with the consequence that additional tensile stresses can occur on the upper face in the centre. To this end, first a tension-resistant concrete layer 3"" is applied in the centre of the sleeper mould 1 as a first concrete layer, and then the normal standard concrete 4 is introduced into the sleeper mould 1, and then correspondingly to Figures 5 and 6, the tension-resistant special concrete 3"' is poured in as a further concrete layer.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown. Due to the different use of abrasion-resistant or wear-resistant special types of concrete and tension-resistant concrete in different regions of the sleeper, for example, the modification which increases tensile strength according to Figures 5 to 9 could be combined with the modification in which a high abrasion-resistance is achieved, as is shown for example in Figures 1 to 4.
In addition, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a concrete sleeper of the type described.
It may be provided according to the invention that the wear-resistant, abrasion-resistant or tension-resistant material is inserted as a prefabricated plate or profile into a sleeper mould below or on the standard concrete and bonds therewith as this hardens.
The wear-resistant, abrasion-resistant or tension-resistant material may be an inserted metal angle, for example.
According to an alternative embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the wear-resistant, abrasion-resistant or tension-resistant material is bonded and hardened wet-on-wet with the standard concrete in a sleeper mould, in that according to the type of placing in the sleeper, first the wear-resistant, abrasion-resistant or tension-resistant material is inserted into the sleeper mould as a special concrete material and then the standard concrete is poured in or conversely the standard concrete is poured in first and then, to form the wear-and abrasion-resistant sole, the special concrete material is introduced into the sleeper mould as the top layer.
According to the invention, in this method, by introducing the different plastic concrete materials directly one after another, wet on wet, the standard concrete and the special concrete material can be mixed together in their border region by shaking or vibrating in such a manner that they form a monolithic body, but one which has over its height the desired differing bending tensile strength or abrasion-resistance.
= CA 02589943 2007-05-30 Alternatively, in a development of the method according to the invention, it can be provided that a preferably prefabricated plate composed of plastics material is used, the plate preferably being inserted in the liquid or still-plastic form into the concrete mould and in this state forming a bond with the concrete.
Further advantages and details of the invention will appear from the following description of some embodiments and from the drawings, which show:
Figures 1 and 2, a section through a sleeper mould for manufacturing a concrete sleeper according to the invention having abrasion-resistant rail support surfaces, different modifications being shown to the left and right, Figures 3 and 4, a longitudinal section through a sleeper mould in two different stages of filling for the manufacture of a concrete sleeper according to the invention with abrasion-resistant and/or wear-resistant material in the lower sole region of the concrete sleeper, Figures 5 and 6, longitudinal sections through a sleeper mould in the manufacture of a concrete sleeper according to the invention with high tensile strength in the lower sole region, and Figures 7 to 9, sections through a sleeper mould in the various stages of manufacture of a concrete sleeper, which is exposed in the centre of the upper face to high tensile stresses.
In Fig. 1, a sleeper mould 1 is shown which has the shaping regions for forming rail support surfaces 2. In order to achieve increased abrasion- and wear-resistance in the region of these rail support surfaces 2 acting as supports in the case of high dynamic, possibly pulsating vertical loads, either, as is shown to the right in Fig. 1, steel angles 3 can be inserted before filling with the sleeper concrete, or a first concrete layer 3' consisting of an abrasion- and wear-resistant material can be applied, as is shown to the left in Fig. 1. Then the mould is filled with a standard sleeper concrete 4, as is shown in Fig. 2. In this case, a prefabricated component, in the present case the steel angle 3, is bonded into the pressure-resistant standard concrete 4 or by shaking and vibration, shown to the left, the two types of concrete are mingled in the border region, so that a monolithic body is formed, but one which has over its height the desired different properties of abrasion- and wear-resistance.
In Figures 3 and 4, the method of manufacturing a sleeper with high abrasion-and wear-resistance in the lower sole region is shown. To this end, first the standard concrete 4 is introduced into the sleeper mould 1, leaving a slight layer thickness free at the top, and then still in the wet state of the standard concrete 4, a layer of an abrasion-resistant and/or wear-resistant special concrete 3"
is applied.
In the embodiment according to Figures 5 and 6, the manufacture of a sleeper is shown for rail sections in which high tension forces occur in the lower region of the concrete sleepers. Into the sleeper mould 1, first, as before, the standard concrete 4 with a high pressure-resistance is introduced up to about half the sleeper height, and then a special concrete 3"' with a high tensile strength is poured in, and again by compression and vibration, a monolithic bond of the two types of concrete is achieved in the border areas.
Finally, Figures 7 to 9 show an embodiment in which a concrete sleeper, as manufactured in Figures 5 and 6, has been prepared for the case where it rests in the centre, with the consequence that additional tensile stresses can occur on the upper face in the centre. To this end, first a tension-resistant concrete layer 3"" is applied in the centre of the sleeper mould 1 as a first concrete layer, and then the normal standard concrete 4 is introduced into the sleeper mould 1, and then correspondingly to Figures 5 and 6, the tension-resistant special concrete 3"' is poured in as a further concrete layer.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown. Due to the different use of abrasion-resistant or wear-resistant special types of concrete and tension-resistant concrete in different regions of the sleeper, for example, the modification which increases tensile strength according to Figures 5 to 9 could be combined with the modification in which a high abrasion-resistance is achieved, as is shown for example in Figures 1 to 4.
Claims (9)
1. Concrete sleeper for high dynamic loads having rail support surfaces (2) and a lower sole region, consisting of a high-strength standard concrete (4) capable of withstanding high compression forces, characterised in that the rail support faces (2) and/or the lower sole region consist(s) of a wear-resistant, abrasion-resistant or tension-resistant material.
2. Concrete sleeper according to claim 1, characterised in that the wear-resistant, abrasion-resistant or tension-resistant material is a prefabricated plate or profile or a metal angle, in particular a steel angle (3).
3. Concrete sleeper according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the wear-resistant, abrasion-resistant or tension-resistant material is a concrete layer (3', 3"") bonded to the standard concrete (4) and/or is a special concrete (3", 3"').
4. Method of manufacturing a concrete sleeper for high dynamic loads, consisting of a high-strength standard concrete (4) capable of withstanding high compression forces, having rail support surfaces (2) and a lower sole region, characterised in that the rail support surfaces (2) and/or the lower sole region is/are manufactured from a wear-resistant, abrasion-resistant, or tension-resistant material, which is inserted into a sleeper mould (1) below or on the standard concrete (4) as a prefabricated plate or profile and bonds to the standard concrete as this hardens.
5. Method of manufacturing a concrete sleeper according to claim 4, characterised in that a metal angle, in particular a steel angle (3) is inserted as a wear-resistant, abrasion-resistant or tension-resistant material.
6. Method of manufacturing a concrete sleeper according to claim 4, characterised in that the wear-resistant, abrasion-resistant or tension-resistant material as a first concrete layer (3', 3 "") and/or as special concrete (3", 3"') is
7 bonded to the standard concrete (4) wet-on-wet in a sleeper mould (1) and is hardened.
7. Method of manufacturing a concrete sleeper according to claim 6, characterised in that the different types of concrete are introduced one after another into the sleeper mould (1) and are mixed in the border region by shaking or vibrating in order to form a monolithic body.
7. Method of manufacturing a concrete sleeper according to claim 6, characterised in that the different types of concrete are introduced one after another into the sleeper mould (1) and are mixed in the border region by shaking or vibrating in order to form a monolithic body.
8. Method of manufacturing a concrete sleeper according to claim 4, characterised in that a preferably prefabricated plate of plastics material is used.
9. Method of manufacturing a concrete sleeper according to claim 8, characterised in that the plate is introduced into the sleeper mould (1) in the liquid or still-plastic form and in this state forms a bond with the concrete.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004063636.2 | 2004-12-31 | ||
| DE102004063636A DE102004063636A1 (en) | 2004-12-31 | 2004-12-31 | Concrete sleepers for high dynamic loads |
| PCT/DE2005/002131 WO2006069553A1 (en) | 2004-12-31 | 2005-11-25 | Concrete sleeper and method for the production thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2589943A1 true CA2589943A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
Family
ID=36097251
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002589943A Abandoned CA2589943A1 (en) | 2004-12-31 | 2005-11-25 | Concrete sleeper and method for the production thereof |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1831467B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2008527201A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20070087585A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101094957A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR056634A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2005321663B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0518986A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2589943A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102004063636A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2558868T3 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUE026656T2 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL184102A0 (en) |
| MA (1) | MA29162B1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2007007814A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2007129153A (en) |
| TW (1) | TW200624634A (en) |
| UA (1) | UA89508C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006069553A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200706361B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009049411A1 (en) * | 2009-10-14 | 2011-04-21 | Db Netz Ag | Prestressed concrete sleeper and method for transporting and installing a turnout with prestressed concrete sleepers |
| SI2545219T1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2015-04-30 | Rst-Rail Systems And Technologies Gmbh | Concrete element with an underside plastic sole |
| DE102010035675A1 (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2012-03-01 | Db Netz Ag | Foldable switch |
| DE102011109122A1 (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2013-02-07 | B.T. Innovation Gmbh | Multilayer component |
| WO2016130637A1 (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2016-08-18 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Durable railway tie |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2133115C3 (en) * | 1970-07-06 | 1978-11-30 | Neumann & Co Gmbh, Theresienfeld (Oesterreich) | Threshold for railroad tracks |
| NL7903569A (en) * | 1979-05-07 | 1980-11-11 | Everts & Van Der Weyden Nv | RAIL CLAMP MOUNTING HOUSING AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A CONCRETE CROSS-BEAM WITH A MOUNTING HOUSING. |
| GB2207693A (en) * | 1987-08-06 | 1989-02-08 | Costain Concrete Company Limit | Concrete railway sleepers |
| JPH02229301A (en) * | 1989-03-01 | 1990-09-12 | Tetsudo Kizai Kogyo Kk | Spacing timber made of compound concrete |
| CA2014562A1 (en) * | 1989-05-12 | 1990-11-12 | Hartley F. Young | Abrasion resistant rail seat |
| SE9302118L (en) * | 1993-06-18 | 1994-11-21 | Delcon Ab Concrete Dev | Methods of manufacturing concrete structures with a surface protection and concrete structure prepared according to the method |
| FR2753998B1 (en) * | 1996-09-30 | 1998-12-18 | Etancheite Les Revetements Et | UNDER-CROSS SOLE FOR BALLAST PROTECTION |
| JP2001254302A (en) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-09-21 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Sleeper for railway line |
| DE10030998A1 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-10 | Schenck Process Gmbh | Threshold for the support of railroad tracks |
| DE20013125U1 (en) * | 2000-07-29 | 2002-01-03 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG, 81829 München | Device for temporarily fixing built-in parts for rail fastenings in the manufacture of concrete sleepers |
-
2004
- 2004-12-31 DE DE102004063636A patent/DE102004063636A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2005
- 2005-11-25 CN CNA200580045454XA patent/CN101094957A/en active Pending
- 2005-11-25 KR KR1020077012760A patent/KR20070087585A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-11-25 RU RU2007129153/11A patent/RU2007129153A/en unknown
- 2005-11-25 HU HUE05804984A patent/HUE026656T2/en unknown
- 2005-11-25 JP JP2007548681A patent/JP2008527201A/en active Pending
- 2005-11-25 EP EP05804984.2A patent/EP1831467B1/en active Active
- 2005-11-25 MX MX2007007814A patent/MX2007007814A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-11-25 BR BRPI0518986-1A patent/BRPI0518986A2/en active Search and Examination
- 2005-11-25 TW TW094141414A patent/TW200624634A/en unknown
- 2005-11-25 WO PCT/DE2005/002131 patent/WO2006069553A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-11-25 CA CA002589943A patent/CA2589943A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-11-25 UA UAA200705554A patent/UA89508C2/en unknown
- 2005-11-25 AU AU2005321663A patent/AU2005321663B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-11-25 ES ES05804984.2T patent/ES2558868T3/en active Active
- 2005-12-21 AR ARP050105444A patent/AR056634A1/en unknown
-
2007
- 2007-06-21 IL IL184102A patent/IL184102A0/en unknown
- 2007-07-23 MA MA30093A patent/MA29162B1/en unknown
- 2007-07-31 ZA ZA200706361A patent/ZA200706361B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2007129153A (en) | 2009-02-10 |
| MX2007007814A (en) | 2007-10-18 |
| EP1831467B1 (en) | 2015-11-04 |
| AU2005321663B2 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
| ZA200706361B (en) | 2008-08-27 |
| EP1831467A1 (en) | 2007-09-12 |
| DE102004063636A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
| MA29162B1 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
| UA89508C2 (en) | 2010-02-10 |
| HUE026656T2 (en) | 2016-07-28 |
| ES2558868T3 (en) | 2016-02-09 |
| JP2008527201A (en) | 2008-07-24 |
| TW200624634A (en) | 2006-07-16 |
| AU2005321663A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
| KR20070087585A (en) | 2007-08-28 |
| BRPI0518986A2 (en) | 2008-12-16 |
| CN101094957A (en) | 2007-12-26 |
| WO2006069553A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
| IL184102A0 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
| AR056634A1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |