CA2514630A1 - Flow field - Google Patents
Flow field Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2514630A1 CA2514630A1 CA002514630A CA2514630A CA2514630A1 CA 2514630 A1 CA2514630 A1 CA 2514630A1 CA 002514630 A CA002514630 A CA 002514630A CA 2514630 A CA2514630 A CA 2514630A CA 2514630 A1 CA2514630 A1 CA 2514630A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- flow field
- draft
- channel
- article
- channels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 ICM Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007607 die coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0265—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/2457—Parallel ribs and/or grooves
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/356,045 | 2003-01-31 | ||
| US10/356,045 US7482088B2 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2003-01-31 | Flow field |
| PCT/US2003/040525 WO2004070864A2 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2003-12-19 | Flow field |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2514630A1 true CA2514630A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
Family
ID=32770697
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002514630A Abandoned CA2514630A1 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2003-12-19 | Flow field |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7482088B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1588446A2 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2006514406A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR20050095911A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN100541884C (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2003297372A1 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2514630A1 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2004070864A2 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3956864B2 (ja) * | 2003-02-13 | 2007-08-08 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 流路構造を有する燃料電池のセパレータ |
| US20040265675A1 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2004-12-30 | General Electric Company | Fuel Cell Flow Field Design |
| FR2861896B1 (fr) * | 2003-10-31 | 2006-02-03 | Snecma Moteurs | Structure pour pile a combustible |
| US7687176B2 (en) | 2004-12-10 | 2010-03-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fuel cell |
| FR2904477B1 (fr) * | 2006-07-28 | 2008-10-17 | Altatech Semiconductor | Procede de fabrication d'une membrane solide en polymere fluore par impression par jet d'encre. |
| EP1970985A1 (de) * | 2007-03-08 | 2008-09-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Brennstoffzelle |
| JP5137460B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-14 | 2013-02-06 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
| US20090208803A1 (en) * | 2008-02-19 | 2009-08-20 | Simon Farrington | Flow field for fuel cell and fuel cell stack |
| US9028989B2 (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2015-05-12 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Fuel cell system having a fluid flow distribution feature |
| GB2528744B (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2021-07-07 | Loop Energy Inc | Reactant flow channels for electrolyzer applications |
| DE102012221676A1 (de) | 2012-11-27 | 2014-05-28 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Brennstoffzelle mit einem Anoden-Kathoden-Stapel |
Family Cites Families (73)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4169917A (en) * | 1978-07-10 | 1979-10-02 | Energy Research Corporation | Electrochemical cell and separator plate thereof |
| US4292379A (en) * | 1980-04-28 | 1981-09-29 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Variable area fuel cell process channels |
| US4324844A (en) * | 1980-04-28 | 1982-04-13 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Variable area fuel cell cooling |
| JPS6240168A (ja) * | 1985-08-13 | 1987-02-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 積層形燃料電池 |
| US4853301A (en) * | 1985-12-04 | 1989-08-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Fuel cell plates with skewed process channels for uniform distribution of stack compression load |
| US4631239A (en) * | 1985-12-04 | 1986-12-23 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Fuel cell plates with improved arrangement of process channels for enhanced pressure drop across the plates |
| US4855193A (en) * | 1986-06-20 | 1989-08-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Bipolar fuel cell |
| US4988583A (en) * | 1989-08-30 | 1991-01-29 | Her Majesty The Queen As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government | Novel fuel cell fluid flow field plate |
| US5108849A (en) * | 1989-08-30 | 1992-04-28 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Fuel cell fluid flow field plate |
| US5252410A (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 1993-10-12 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Lightweight fuel cell membrane electrode assembly with integral reactant flow passages |
| US5338430A (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1994-08-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Nanostructured electrode membranes |
| US5583609A (en) * | 1993-04-23 | 1996-12-10 | Nikon Corporation | Projection exposure apparatus |
| US5459611A (en) * | 1993-08-18 | 1995-10-17 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Beam splitter/combiner with path length compensator and method for making the same |
| US5614941A (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1997-03-25 | Hines; Stephen P. | Multi-image autostereoscopic imaging system |
| US5773160A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1998-06-30 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Electrochemical fuel cell stack with concurrent flow of coolant and oxidant streams and countercurrent flow of fuel and oxidant streams |
| US5673146A (en) * | 1994-08-09 | 1997-09-30 | Kelly; Shawn L. | Binocular imaging system |
| US5483307A (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 1996-01-09 | Texas Instruments, Inc. | Wide field of view head-mounted display |
| RU2174728C2 (ru) * | 1994-10-12 | 2001-10-10 | Х Пауэр Корпорейшн | Топливный элемент, использующий интегральную технологию пластин для распределения жидкости |
| US5514487A (en) * | 1994-12-27 | 1996-05-07 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Edge manifold assembly for an electrochemical fuel cell stack |
| JP3433558B2 (ja) * | 1995-02-28 | 2003-08-04 | ソニー株式会社 | ディスプレイ装置 |
| US5840438A (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 1998-11-24 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Electrochemical fuel cell with an electrode substrate having an in-plane nonuniform structure for control of reactant and product transport |
| US5641586A (en) * | 1995-12-06 | 1997-06-24 | The Regents Of The University Of California Office Of Technology Transfer | Fuel cell with interdigitated porous flow-field |
| DE19602315C2 (de) * | 1996-01-23 | 2001-10-11 | Siemens Ag | Flüssigkeitsgekühlte Brennstoffzelle mit Verteilungskanälen |
| JP3540491B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-07 | 2004-07-07 | 政廣 渡辺 | 燃料電池及び電解セル並びにその冷却・除湿方法 |
| US5686199A (en) * | 1996-05-07 | 1997-11-11 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Flow field plate for use in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| JP3713912B2 (ja) * | 1996-08-08 | 2005-11-09 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 燃料電池のガス通路板 |
| US5798187A (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-08-25 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Fuel cell with metal screen flow-field |
| JPH10125338A (ja) * | 1996-10-22 | 1998-05-15 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
| US5804326A (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-09-08 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Integrated reactant and coolant fluid flow field layer for an electrochemical fuel cell |
| US5858569A (en) * | 1997-03-21 | 1999-01-12 | Plug Power L.L.C. | Low cost fuel cell stack design |
| CN1255247A (zh) * | 1997-04-10 | 2000-05-31 | 磁电机技术有限公司 | 高分子电解质－燃料电池的冷却与润湿 |
| US6048634A (en) * | 1997-06-18 | 2000-04-11 | H Power Corporation | Fuel cell using water-soluble fuel |
| EP1004052A4 (en) * | 1997-08-11 | 2000-11-08 | Telcordia Tech Inc | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CREATING AND DISPLAYING VIRTUAL PLANAR IMAGES |
| US5879828A (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 1999-03-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Membrane electrode assembly |
| US6099984A (en) * | 1997-12-15 | 2000-08-08 | General Motors Corporation | Mirrored serpentine flow channels for fuel cell |
| US5945232A (en) * | 1998-04-03 | 1999-08-31 | Plug Power, L.L.C. | PEM-type fuel cell assembly having multiple parallel fuel cell sub-stacks employing shared fluid plate assemblies and shared membrane electrode assemblies |
| US6071635A (en) * | 1998-04-03 | 2000-06-06 | Plug Power, L.L.C. | Easily-formable fuel cell assembly fluid flow plate having conductivity and increased non-conductive material |
| US6741788B2 (en) * | 1999-07-01 | 2004-05-25 | Honeywell International Inc | Efficient light distribution system |
| CN1121075C (zh) * | 1998-07-22 | 2003-09-10 | 大连新源动力股份有限公司 | 质子交换膜燃料电池的双极板 |
| US6207312B1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2001-03-27 | Energy Partners, L.C. | Self-humidifying fuel cell |
| US6093502A (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2000-07-25 | Plug Power Inc. | Fuel cell with selective pressure variation and dynamic inflection |
| EP1145351A2 (en) | 1998-10-29 | 2001-10-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Microstructured flow fields |
| US6964731B1 (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2005-11-15 | Cardinal Cg Company | Soil-resistant coating for glass surfaces |
| AU1764700A (en) | 1998-12-30 | 2000-07-24 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Fuel cell fluid flow field plate and methods of making fuel cell flow field plates |
| GB9917591D0 (en) * | 1999-07-28 | 1999-09-29 | Marconi Electronic Syst Ltd | Head tracker system |
| AT407589B (de) | 1999-11-03 | 2001-04-25 | Vaillant Gmbh | Brennstoffzelle |
| US6586128B1 (en) * | 2000-05-09 | 2003-07-01 | Ballard Power Systems, Inc. | Differential pressure fluid flow fields for fuel cells |
| EP1184923A3 (en) | 2000-08-30 | 2006-05-17 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Expanded graphite fluid flow field plates and method for making such plates |
| US6554428B2 (en) * | 2000-09-07 | 2003-04-29 | I-O Display Systems Llc | Method and apparatus for adjusting optical device to correspond to eye positions |
| JP2002184432A (ja) * | 2000-10-03 | 2002-06-28 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 燃料電池用リブ付セパレータ及びその製造方法 |
| GB2372626B (en) | 2001-05-03 | 2003-02-12 | Morgan Crucible Co | Flow field plate geometries |
| US6919867B2 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2005-07-19 | Siemens Corporate Research, Inc. | Method and apparatus for augmented reality visualization |
| US6529331B2 (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2003-03-04 | Johns Hopkins University | Head mounted display with full field of view and high resolution |
| US6780536B2 (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2004-08-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Flow field |
| US6639201B2 (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2003-10-28 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Spot grid array imaging system |
| US6783884B2 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2004-08-31 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Flow field plate assembly for an electrochemical fuel cell |
| US6947020B2 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2005-09-20 | Oregonlabs, Llc | Multi-array spatial light modulating devices and methods of fabrication |
| US6989214B2 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2006-01-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Unitized fuel cell assembly |
| US8153316B2 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2012-04-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Unitized fuel cell assembly and cooling apparatus |
| DE10255507A1 (de) * | 2002-11-27 | 2004-06-17 | Karl-Heinz Wendt | Beschichtete Gläser und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| US7369101B2 (en) * | 2003-06-12 | 2008-05-06 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Calibrating real and virtual views |
| US7430355B2 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2008-09-30 | University Of Cincinnati | Light emissive signage devices based on lightwave coupling |
| US7048385B2 (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2006-05-23 | Goldeneye, Inc. | Projection display systems utilizing color scrolling and light emitting diodes |
| WO2006105258A2 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-05 | Novalux, Inc. | Manufacturable vertical extended cavity surface emitting laser arrays |
| US7542665B2 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2009-06-02 | Tianmo Lei | Fully automatic, head mounted, hand and eye free camera system and photography |
| TWI334958B (en) * | 2006-06-08 | 2010-12-21 | Delta Electronics Inc | Projection screen |
| DE102007009530A1 (de) * | 2007-02-27 | 2008-08-28 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | OLED mit Farbkonversion |
| US7660500B2 (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2010-02-09 | Epicrystals Oy | Light emitting array |
| US8441018B2 (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2013-05-14 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Direct bandgap substrates and methods of making and using |
| KR20100030470A (ko) * | 2008-09-10 | 2010-03-18 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 다양한 색 온도의 백색광을 제공할 수 있는 발광 장치 및 발광 시스템 |
| US20100229853A1 (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2010-09-16 | Vandal Robert A | Mounting brackets for mirrors, and associated methods |
| WO2011017485A2 (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2011-02-10 | Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc | 3d autostereoscopic display with true depth perception |
| US9102563B2 (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2015-08-11 | Greg S. Laughlin | Environmentally rugged free-space fiber waveguide connector and method of manufacture thereof |
-
2003
- 2003-01-31 US US10/356,045 patent/US7482088B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-19 CA CA002514630A patent/CA2514630A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-19 AU AU2003297372A patent/AU2003297372A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-19 CN CNB2003801094400A patent/CN100541884C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-19 EP EP03815781A patent/EP1588446A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-12-19 WO PCT/US2003/040525 patent/WO2004070864A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-12-19 JP JP2004568039A patent/JP2006514406A/ja active Pending
- 2003-12-19 KR KR1020057013978A patent/KR20050095911A/ko not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-12-17 US US12/336,873 patent/US8192856B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2004070864A2 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
| US20040151970A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
| US20090104506A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
| CN1745491A (zh) | 2006-03-08 |
| US7482088B2 (en) | 2009-01-27 |
| JP2006514406A (ja) | 2006-04-27 |
| WO2004070864A3 (en) | 2005-03-31 |
| KR20050095911A (ko) | 2005-10-04 |
| CN100541884C (zh) | 2009-09-16 |
| AU2003297372A1 (en) | 2004-08-30 |
| EP1588446A2 (en) | 2005-10-26 |
| US8192856B2 (en) | 2012-06-05 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US8192856B2 (en) | Flow field | |
| US8227124B2 (en) | Variable catalyst loading based on flow field geometry | |
| EP2357695B1 (en) | Fuel cell and method for manufacturing same | |
| US8343682B2 (en) | Membrane electrode assembly with compression control gasket | |
| US6555261B1 (en) | Microstructured flow fields | |
| US6979383B2 (en) | One-step method of bonding and sealing a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly | |
| CN100561785C (zh) | 用于燃料电池组件的配准排列 | |
| KR100532897B1 (ko) | 연료 전지용 전극 및 연료 전지 | |
| US20150125594A1 (en) | Fuel cell membrane electrode assembly with multilayer cathode | |
| EP1701399A1 (en) | Fuel cell humidity adjusting film | |
| CN100585927C (zh) | 燃料电池 | |
| EP1739772B1 (en) | Gas diffusion layer and fuel cell using same | |
| CN101645507B (zh) | 用于电化学电池的层状电极 | |
| US20060088746A1 (en) | Passive dual-phase cooling for fuel cell assemblies | |
| JP2000100452A (ja) | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池とその製造法 | |
| US20080014486A1 (en) | Fuel Cell | |
| US7306874B2 (en) | PEM fuel cell stack with coated flow distribution network | |
| WO2019069095A1 (en) | FUEL CELL OR ELECTROLYSER ASSEMBLY | |
| JP2007172953A (ja) | 燃料電池 | |
| CN1331260C (zh) | 用于燃料电池的双极板 | |
| JP2009158148A (ja) | セパレータ、およびそれを用いた固体高分子型燃料電池 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |