CA2500794A1 - Casting procedure, particularly for engine cylinder head - Google Patents
Casting procedure, particularly for engine cylinder head Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2500794A1 CA2500794A1 CA002500794A CA2500794A CA2500794A1 CA 2500794 A1 CA2500794 A1 CA 2500794A1 CA 002500794 A CA002500794 A CA 002500794A CA 2500794 A CA2500794 A CA 2500794A CA 2500794 A1 CA2500794 A1 CA 2500794A1
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- Prior art keywords
- casting
- core
- cores
- dissolve
- layer
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/02—Lost patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/06—Core boxes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
- B22C9/103—Multipart cores
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a casting procedure for obtaining parts provided with inside cavities or holes, wherein said holes and/or cavities are obtained by laying into a mould or chill, intended to receive the molten metal, one or more cores made of sand or other material, and wherein a main core is used, realised into a special core box, along one or more secondary cores intended to be associated to said main core, comprising the following steps: coating at least one secondary core, only in the zones and by the pattern thickness with a layer of material intended to dissolve in contact with the molten metal; inserting the pre-coated secondary cores into the main core box yet to be moulded; moulding the main core box; and inserting the monolithic group obtained at the previous step, consisting of the main core, of the secondary cores and of the coating material that keeps them firmly connected, into the mould or chill intended to receive the molten metal. The cores to be coated can also be formed by hollow inserts (23) made of a heat resistant material, filled with sand polymerised resin, wherein the cavity represents the core pattern.
Description
CASTING C~RO~Ef~Uf~E, I~AI~TICULARLY F~f~ ENGINE
GI~LfNDER HEAD
f=field of the invention The present invention relates in general to the technology far producing cast parts. fn particular, it relates to gravity chills and fore-pressure processes that use cores to obtain inside cavities in the casting. A typical example of such casting process is that used for obtaining engine cylinder heads, where internal cores are necessary for obtaining the water jacket for the engine to cooling water, the intake and exhaust ducts, and any other secondary cavity.
Prior Art Generally, for medium and large productions the casting of an engine cylinder head is performed using a fixed outside mould, called chili, whereas inside and sometimes outside as well, cores are required, which are inserted (assembled) into the chill to form a single body ready for casting.
In a casting process by chill with sand and polymerised resin cores, the main difl'tculty consists in perfectly collimating the 2o inside of the part to be cast, that is tire cores, with the outside, that is the chill, so as to obtain the required dimensional accuracy. The cores are obtained in corresponding moulds, called core boxes, and then they are normally pre-asserr~bted in the proximity of the chill.
The group of pre-assembled cores is collected by automatic devices (grippers and jigs) and laid (assembled) into the chill.
lit this point it is possible to cast the molten metal which will Eli the volume comprised between the sand cores and the chill.
Sand projections, called prints, are obtained auto the cores to keep the core group assembled in the desired position. Such prints are laid into the chip and do not constitute part of the io o~:ject resulting fronn the casting. In the specific case of cores for intake and exhaust ducts of an engine cylinder head, whose surfaces form the end shape of the casting, such cores are inserted into the water jacket core and during the step of moving the cores group to the chill, if the assembly is 15 pet~ormed manually they are free due to the effect of the gaps that will be occupied by the mete! thickness. Then, they laid by gravity into the !ewer zone of the corresponding passages provided into the water jacket core. lftlhen the duct cares are in contact with the drag (lower base) of the chill, they get the final 2o position.
then core asserrtbly is performed with automatic systems, the ducts cores are held into suitable positions relative to the water jacket by a special automatic device, but normally only by the side of the flange coupling to the intake and exhaust manifolds.
The entire operation requires an approach that should be carried out carefully.
Since traditional technology provides for the v~ater jacket core to be moulded separately from one another, as for the other cores, the water jacket core box interior must atso be provided with alt of the other parts resulting from the outside thickness of the cast-internal parts (ducts, etc.) and that are Intended to house - during the subsequent core assembly - the other io cares. Howerrer, since the ducts outside parts do not undergo drafting as they normally are at half the height of the water jacket, mobile parts are currently used, controlled by gears, camshafts or, in the best case, by pneumatic cylinders, almost always moving on inclined axes.
In case of an engine cylinder head, in order to ease the extraction of these moving parts it is necessary to impart a greater inclination (draft angle) and deform the outside thickness of the ducts, providing excess material to obtain the minimum thickness required by the casting operation. This 2o impCies reducing the water jacket core, with the result of a higher brittleness of the same and a lower efficiency of the coating circuit.
GI~LfNDER HEAD
f=field of the invention The present invention relates in general to the technology far producing cast parts. fn particular, it relates to gravity chills and fore-pressure processes that use cores to obtain inside cavities in the casting. A typical example of such casting process is that used for obtaining engine cylinder heads, where internal cores are necessary for obtaining the water jacket for the engine to cooling water, the intake and exhaust ducts, and any other secondary cavity.
Prior Art Generally, for medium and large productions the casting of an engine cylinder head is performed using a fixed outside mould, called chili, whereas inside and sometimes outside as well, cores are required, which are inserted (assembled) into the chill to form a single body ready for casting.
In a casting process by chill with sand and polymerised resin cores, the main difl'tculty consists in perfectly collimating the 2o inside of the part to be cast, that is tire cores, with the outside, that is the chill, so as to obtain the required dimensional accuracy. The cores are obtained in corresponding moulds, called core boxes, and then they are normally pre-asserr~bted in the proximity of the chill.
The group of pre-assembled cores is collected by automatic devices (grippers and jigs) and laid (assembled) into the chill.
lit this point it is possible to cast the molten metal which will Eli the volume comprised between the sand cores and the chill.
Sand projections, called prints, are obtained auto the cores to keep the core group assembled in the desired position. Such prints are laid into the chip and do not constitute part of the io o~:ject resulting fronn the casting. In the specific case of cores for intake and exhaust ducts of an engine cylinder head, whose surfaces form the end shape of the casting, such cores are inserted into the water jacket core and during the step of moving the cores group to the chill, if the assembly is 15 pet~ormed manually they are free due to the effect of the gaps that will be occupied by the mete! thickness. Then, they laid by gravity into the !ewer zone of the corresponding passages provided into the water jacket core. lftlhen the duct cares are in contact with the drag (lower base) of the chill, they get the final 2o position.
then core asserrtbly is performed with automatic systems, the ducts cores are held into suitable positions relative to the water jacket by a special automatic device, but normally only by the side of the flange coupling to the intake and exhaust manifolds.
The entire operation requires an approach that should be carried out carefully.
Since traditional technology provides for the v~ater jacket core to be moulded separately from one another, as for the other cores, the water jacket core box interior must atso be provided with alt of the other parts resulting from the outside thickness of the cast-internal parts (ducts, etc.) and that are Intended to house - during the subsequent core assembly - the other io cares. Howerrer, since the ducts outside parts do not undergo drafting as they normally are at half the height of the water jacket, mobile parts are currently used, controlled by gears, camshafts or, in the best case, by pneumatic cylinders, almost always moving on inclined axes.
In case of an engine cylinder head, in order to ease the extraction of these moving parts it is necessary to impart a greater inclination (draft angle) and deform the outside thickness of the ducts, providing excess material to obtain the minimum thickness required by the casting operation. This 2o impCies reducing the water jacket core, with the result of a higher brittleness of the same and a lower efficiency of the coating circuit.
In other cases, the problem of making the duct cores pass through the openings obtained in the water packet cores is solved by dividing the later horizontally Into iwo halves, which are then atached to each other by an adhesive after inserting the ducts.
However, this implies higher production costs and lower duality of the finished product, above all due to the casting Lashes that may generate into the water circulation compartment, and due to casting blowholes that may develop from the possible contact of molten metal with the half-core fixing adhesive.
Another casting process, called Lost Foam, consists in realising multiple polystyrene sectors using special dies. tJnce such sectors have been atached to one another, they match the part to be cast. The polystyrene mode! thus obtained is 15 coated and then put into a container, which is then filled by vibration with common sand or a similar material. Using a special pouring channel, made of polystyrene as well, the molten metal is poured into the container. As polystyrene burns, it is replaced by the rnetai, so as to form the desired 2n casting.
This process altows elirrrinating the realisation and laying of polymerised sand cores. Qn the other hand, however, besides the various technological problems, it also exhibits the disadvantage - in the case of an engine cylinder head casting - that the duct shapes, even though coated, are not optimal since their surfaces are moulded and therefore directly finished by the polystyrene surfaces. They may even exhibit junctions resulting from the coupling of polystyrene sectors. The necessary use of glue, moreover, is the primary cause of blowholes. in substance, this process is scarcely used.
t'~bjects and advantages of the invention f3bject of the present invention is to obviate the disadvantages io of the prior art mentioned above, by proposing a new casting procedure which allows obtaining higher quality castings, thereby reducing the number of the cast scrap due to dirr~ensionai defeats, and further introducing new design prospects.
another object of the invention is to provide a casting procedure which allows a perfect relative positioning between each core and an easy insertion of the cores into the mould or into another core, whichever their shape.
I~nother object of the finding is to provide a casting procedure 2o which allows a considerable simplification of the core boxes, that is, without any complex shapes, undercuts and connected moving parts, and which is therefore cheaper, more reliable and easier to rna.intain.
J
Another object of the invention is to provide a chilling casting process for engine cylinder heads which allows obtaining cores for intake and exhaust ducts without any deformation on the outside thickness and with the most varied and complex shapes, which may result in better engine performance arid ecologically more advanced engines as regards exhaust gases, as allowed by the new casting technology.
y'et another object of the invention is to provide a casting procedure for engine cylinder heads which allows embedding so inserts for the ducts into the casting, made of a material capable of standing the heat generated by the molten metal in order to obtain perfectly smooth ducts which should contribute to improving the engine efficiency.
These and other objects of the invention are achieved by a casting process according to the claims hereinafter.
Brief description of the drawings Further features of the invention will appear more clearly with reference to the attached indicative and non-limiting drawings.
In such drawings:
20 - Figure 1 shows sac~d and polymerised resin cores for realising the intake and exhaust ducts of an engine cylinder head;
- Figure Z shows a section view of the core boxes for moulding the cores of Fig. 1, in a variant with inserts around the intake and exhaust ducts;
- Figure 3 shows the duct cores with inserts obtained with the care box of Fig. 2;
- Figure ~ shows a section of the duct cores inserted into the die for their coating with foamed material;
- Figure 5 shows the group of valve seats and duct cares coated with foamed material;
- Figure 8 shows the water jacl~et care box still empty;
- Figure 7 shows the core box (fig.6~ with the group of duct cores of Fig. 5 inserted therein;
- Figure 8 shows the group of cares, valve seats and foamed coating obtained by moulding the water jacket core in the care box of the previous Figure, with the valve guides inserted into the coating;
- Figure 9 shawl a complete chill care assembly scheme of the core group of the previous Figure;
- Figures ga and gb show t~vo enlarged details of the core assembly scheme, where black parts denote the difFerence in 2o the shape and volume of the water jacket dimensions that can be obtained by the casting procedure under discussion compared to the current art;
- Figure "14 shows the core assembly scheme in the variant with inserts.
Detailed descr6~ption of the invention As said above, the present invention relates to a casting procedure for obtaining castings provided with inside cavities.
As known, such cavities are obtained by laying in a mould, such as a chill, intended to receive the molten metal, one or more cores made or sand and polymerised resin or other material. Such cores, in turn, are previously obtained into special moulds, called core boxes. In the case of more cores, these are obtained separately, each into a relative core box, ~o and then they are assembled each other before being laid (assembled} into the mould or chill. Ta this purpose, the cores are usually provided with complementary projections and cavities, called positive and negative prints, to support one another, and with other sand projections intended to lay into 15 the suitable seats into the chill, which da not form part of the casting.
The procedure according to the present invention provides for coating one or more cares made of sand or other material with a layer of fioamed material, such as polystyrene, only in the 2o shaped zones, using a special die and then laying them into the chill.
The core coating material is intended to dissolve in contact with the casting metal, rr,~hich replaces it thereby determining the required casting thickness, so that the finished casting surface will be determined by the quality of the core surface.
In particular, the procedure under discussion has been conceived and is especially advantageous in casting processes that require the realisation of a main core and of one or more secondary cores. P~ccording to the finding, after being realised in the usual way into respective care boxes, such secondary cares are laid into a die and coated vrith foamed material only in the shape pane, with the thickness required by the casting, and then they are laid pre-assembled into the main core box yet to be moulded, that is, empty, fn order to receive the secondary cores already coated with foamed material, the main core box will be empty at the shapes of said secondary cores since shapes and thickness are replaced by the cores and by the coating layer. As a consequence, the main core box is much easier and cheaper to be realised since it allows eliminating any inside undercut and any moving parts required to realised the containments of secondary cores. In addition the main core box only has the 20 outside prints of the secondary cores, which will be pre-assembled iota the same. Following the moulding of the main core box ~~sith sand and polymerised resin, a single monolithic body is obtained, already assembled and exhibiting a considerable geort~etric accc~racy, consisting of the main core s and of the secondary cores, which are integral with the main core through the coating that forms the casting thickness.
such monolithic body can then be easily carried and laid into the mould or chill.
Besides cores of sand or of other material, the casting procedure under discussion can be applied to thin hollow inserts consisting of heat resistant material, such as metal or composite material, and intended to be embedded into the casting for making the inside surfaces of the cavities perfectly Zo smooth. From the dimensional point of view, the main core box is capable df receiving both sand cores or inserts coated with foamed material.
if inserts of metal or other material are to be embedded into the casting, and these inserts have an inside vaid and where such void is corresponding to the core design, they must be iaid into a specific core box which only considers the insert thickness in addition, and then it is moulded. The resulting core viii be provided with prints and embedded Inserts, only in the shaped zone, and besides serving as support for the inserts= such core 2o will also prevent the molten material from penetrating into the void part of the ec~bedded inserts.
The property that allows performing the pre-assembly of already coated cores into a core box yet to be moulded (void allows, for such a secondary cores to be conformed in any geometrical shape which would otherwise be not possible. In the casting it is therefore possible to obtain even several passages, labyrinths and else which was not possible before, and this since it is not necessary anymore to perform a successive assembly, only after moulding all sores.
Consequently the described process results in outside thickness of all secondary cores having no deformation and being perfectly shaped as the drawings, which was not always io possible according to the traditional technology, since often inside shapes of a main core box requires mobile parts for drafting, which can only be obtained with special deformation.
In any case, the casting designer is provided with a new technology that allows obtaining castings which can even 15 embed other adjacent parts currently casted separately, according to the constraints of the current traditional casting technology.
such new technology can also be used for obtaining stiffening by pre-coating fragile cares with foamed material in order to 2o facilitate handling or for a greater protection against breakage after pre-assembly into the mould, or for restricting the effect of metallostatic pressure.
~'he above is obtained both by performing a pre-assembly directly into the die, and in this case the coating thickness may be equal to or smaller than the casting thickness, or by laying the pre-coated cares into another core box yet to be moulded, and in this case the coating must be equal to the casting thickness.
In order to coat both cores and inserts with polystyrene or other equivalent material, it is necessary to be provided with a specii~tc die consisting of a single lower negative half and another upper negative half, since positive patterns consist of to the cores or inserts to be coated.
The die is constructed with all core print seals equal to the core boxes, to moulds or chills, considering the specific tolerances and thermal expansions.
retailed description of an embodiment of the invention 15 The casting procedure described is especially but not exclusively adapted to be applied to a chill casting process of an engine cylinder head. In this case, with reference to the attached drawings, the main core ~ ~ is the water jacket care that is that intended to realise the coolant circulation passages, o v~hereas secondar~r cores mainly are those relating to the intake '!2 and exi~aust 'l~ duct.
Tire lamer, plug any ather secondary cores, such as for example those intended to create the exhaust gas circulation compartment and ti~at somewhat involve the water jacket cores are moulded into respective core boxes in a traditional manner.
Once moulded, such cores are laid into a single die 1 S (Fig. 4~
to be coated with foamed material 18, such as polystyrene.
halve seats 1 ~4, 15 far the intake and exhaust valves, may be previously laid into said die, at special references. Moreover, the die may be provided with mobile cylindrical pins 16, 1 ~
intended to realise seats 16', 1 ~'' (Fig. 5~ for the valve guides 15,17.
Polystyrene 18, or equivalent material, infected into the die, ~o only envelops the shaped zones of the cores inserted therein , with the required casting thickness, thereby excluding the core prints 12', 13'. Also the valve seats onto the outside diameter are embedded, whereas inside they wits be aligned on the conical edges of the duct cores. For this specific application, 15 the valve seats 14, 15 must have the proper machining stock on the inside diameter. The outside diameter of the valve seats is realised with a taper equal to the inside one, and such taper is required for the coating material to support and held into position the valve seats during further handling, up to the 2o assembly into the chill or die. The metal will then finally black the valve seats onto the casting.
The group consisting of ducts 1 ~, 13 and of the valve seats 14, 15, all coated with foamed material 1 S~, and therefore consisting of a single body (Fig. 5~ is then laid (pre-assembled into the water jacket care box ~a ~Flgs. 6, T~. As said above, the water jacket care box Zt? exhibits very simple structure since it is free from the shapes corresponding to the outside thickness of pre-assembled secondary cares.
tn fact, in place of such shapes there are reference seats 2D' and negative prints ~Q" (Fig. 6} Intended to receive the secondary cares with the relevant prints and the valve seats coated with foamed material. The core box therefore is free from any undercut and mobile parts.
At this point the water jacket core box is filled with sand and polymerised resin, thereby obtaining a very accurate monolithic group wherein the water jacket core 11 envelops and haids the outside thickness of the duct cares consisting of the foamed material on the shaped zones (Fig. 8~. A perfect 15 relative positioning between each core is therefore obtained as weft.
When the entire group consisting of secondary cares, valve seats and foamed material has been moulded into a single body with the water jacket core, the valve guides 1 ~", '17" can be automatically inserted into the suitable seats 1 C', 17' obtained in the foamed material. Special seating members are appiied to the junctions between foamed rrnaterial and upper haif water jacket care box In order to prevent sand infittrations into the guide seats during moulding.
The valve guides will be solid (w~haut central holes) since mechanical mach~ning for inserting the valve stems is performed with va~ve gu~des embedded into the casting.
among the other things, this allows preventing the use of traditional stiffening bosses around the valve guide into the duct cores.
The valve guides wi~~ be provided with a negative circular groove at the portions embedded in the foamed malaria~, which wi~~ hold into position the va~ve guides in the casting metal io when the latter replaces the foamed material.
~n the upper portion of the valve guide there ~s often another care 21 for the oil gallery, as in the case shown in fig. 10, or a core for the tappet compartment, which realises the risers (casting metal feeding during the shrinkage by cooling}.
is As a consequence, the upper end of the valve guides will always be guided into a suitable seat realised into said upper core 2't or into the tappet compartment core, and therefore blocked into the correct position, even when the casting metal has dissolved or is dissolving the foamed material around the 2o valve guides, without making the same valve guides collapse.
~n the lower portion, the vatve guides are inserted and stopped into suitable seats 22 obtained in the duct cores Fig. 3).
At this point, the mono~ithic group comprising the water jacket core 11, the secondary cores, the valve seats= the valve guides, the foamed material along w~h other cores, such as core 21, can be laid assembled into the chill (Figs. 9, 'f 0).
During the casting, the molten metal will dissolve and replace the foamed material, determining the rewired thickness and embedding the valve seats and the valve guides.
Fig. 10 shows the same assembly scheme described above, but where the dud cares consist of metal hollow inserts 23 (or made of another material capable of standing the heat generated by the casting metaf), fitted with sand and io polymerised resin having a support function as well as serving to prevent any penetration of molten metal into the inserts. The interior of such inserts has the same dimensional features of sand cares. Polymerised sand cores and .insects 2S are moulded into a specific core box 1 Q which must keep into account the thickness of said inserts (Fig. 2).
At one end, the inserts end against the valve seats whereas as the opposed end, they end flush with the casting raw flange.
Since the intake and exhaust duct cores 12, 'f 3 and any other secondary cocas are laid (pre-assembled) after having been 2o coated with foamed material ~ 8 in the water jacket core box 1 ~ , there is no design limit for the ducts or for other secondary cores. For example, the intake ducts may be connected to one another with a single chamber without any interruption in the l~orizor~tal direction to the upper parts of the valve seats. such chamber may even reach the intake manifold coupling flange and form a single chamber integral with the same manifold, without implying any problems of assembly with the water jacket. Such concept may also be extended to inserts made of another material and embedded into the casting.
As a consequence, the head designer will have a wide freedom of design since the current design constrairEts are eliminated, such as the forced passage of the ducts through tile water jacket. For example, as shown in Figs, 9a and 9b, the water zo jacket compartment can be realised with more rounded design (black parts} in place of the current inclined surfaces and sharp edges to allow drafting. The outside duct core thickness is also free from deformations, with a constant and perfect thickness exactly as drawing specif<cation.
15 In short, the chill casting procedure proposed and applied to the realisation of an engine cylinder head allows obtaining the following advantages:
- intake and exhaust ducts without any inside design constraints and without deformations on the outside thickness, 2o with consequent constant casting thickness;
- intake and exhaust ducts consisting of heat resistant inserts and embedded during casting;
- higher geometrical accuracy in the position of the intake and exhaust ducts and of the water jacket relative to the l7 ~OmiSlIStiCln ~ha6'YtiJerS;
- water jacket ~rith a greater water passage volume in the more critical zones;
- naive seats embedded during casting;
- ~raiue guides embedded during casting;
- possibiiil~ of eliminating the hales created by' the prints far supporting the v~ater jacket core in the pouring step, thereby eliminating the mechanical machining required to plug such holes.
However, this implies higher production costs and lower duality of the finished product, above all due to the casting Lashes that may generate into the water circulation compartment, and due to casting blowholes that may develop from the possible contact of molten metal with the half-core fixing adhesive.
Another casting process, called Lost Foam, consists in realising multiple polystyrene sectors using special dies. tJnce such sectors have been atached to one another, they match the part to be cast. The polystyrene mode! thus obtained is 15 coated and then put into a container, which is then filled by vibration with common sand or a similar material. Using a special pouring channel, made of polystyrene as well, the molten metal is poured into the container. As polystyrene burns, it is replaced by the rnetai, so as to form the desired 2n casting.
This process altows elirrrinating the realisation and laying of polymerised sand cores. Qn the other hand, however, besides the various technological problems, it also exhibits the disadvantage - in the case of an engine cylinder head casting - that the duct shapes, even though coated, are not optimal since their surfaces are moulded and therefore directly finished by the polystyrene surfaces. They may even exhibit junctions resulting from the coupling of polystyrene sectors. The necessary use of glue, moreover, is the primary cause of blowholes. in substance, this process is scarcely used.
t'~bjects and advantages of the invention f3bject of the present invention is to obviate the disadvantages io of the prior art mentioned above, by proposing a new casting procedure which allows obtaining higher quality castings, thereby reducing the number of the cast scrap due to dirr~ensionai defeats, and further introducing new design prospects.
another object of the invention is to provide a casting procedure which allows a perfect relative positioning between each core and an easy insertion of the cores into the mould or into another core, whichever their shape.
I~nother object of the finding is to provide a casting procedure 2o which allows a considerable simplification of the core boxes, that is, without any complex shapes, undercuts and connected moving parts, and which is therefore cheaper, more reliable and easier to rna.intain.
J
Another object of the invention is to provide a chilling casting process for engine cylinder heads which allows obtaining cores for intake and exhaust ducts without any deformation on the outside thickness and with the most varied and complex shapes, which may result in better engine performance arid ecologically more advanced engines as regards exhaust gases, as allowed by the new casting technology.
y'et another object of the invention is to provide a casting procedure for engine cylinder heads which allows embedding so inserts for the ducts into the casting, made of a material capable of standing the heat generated by the molten metal in order to obtain perfectly smooth ducts which should contribute to improving the engine efficiency.
These and other objects of the invention are achieved by a casting process according to the claims hereinafter.
Brief description of the drawings Further features of the invention will appear more clearly with reference to the attached indicative and non-limiting drawings.
In such drawings:
20 - Figure 1 shows sac~d and polymerised resin cores for realising the intake and exhaust ducts of an engine cylinder head;
- Figure Z shows a section view of the core boxes for moulding the cores of Fig. 1, in a variant with inserts around the intake and exhaust ducts;
- Figure 3 shows the duct cores with inserts obtained with the care box of Fig. 2;
- Figure ~ shows a section of the duct cores inserted into the die for their coating with foamed material;
- Figure 5 shows the group of valve seats and duct cares coated with foamed material;
- Figure 8 shows the water jacl~et care box still empty;
- Figure 7 shows the core box (fig.6~ with the group of duct cores of Fig. 5 inserted therein;
- Figure 8 shows the group of cares, valve seats and foamed coating obtained by moulding the water jacket core in the care box of the previous Figure, with the valve guides inserted into the coating;
- Figure 9 shawl a complete chill care assembly scheme of the core group of the previous Figure;
- Figures ga and gb show t~vo enlarged details of the core assembly scheme, where black parts denote the difFerence in 2o the shape and volume of the water jacket dimensions that can be obtained by the casting procedure under discussion compared to the current art;
- Figure "14 shows the core assembly scheme in the variant with inserts.
Detailed descr6~ption of the invention As said above, the present invention relates to a casting procedure for obtaining castings provided with inside cavities.
As known, such cavities are obtained by laying in a mould, such as a chill, intended to receive the molten metal, one or more cores made or sand and polymerised resin or other material. Such cores, in turn, are previously obtained into special moulds, called core boxes. In the case of more cores, these are obtained separately, each into a relative core box, ~o and then they are assembled each other before being laid (assembled} into the mould or chill. Ta this purpose, the cores are usually provided with complementary projections and cavities, called positive and negative prints, to support one another, and with other sand projections intended to lay into 15 the suitable seats into the chill, which da not form part of the casting.
The procedure according to the present invention provides for coating one or more cares made of sand or other material with a layer of fioamed material, such as polystyrene, only in the 2o shaped zones, using a special die and then laying them into the chill.
The core coating material is intended to dissolve in contact with the casting metal, rr,~hich replaces it thereby determining the required casting thickness, so that the finished casting surface will be determined by the quality of the core surface.
In particular, the procedure under discussion has been conceived and is especially advantageous in casting processes that require the realisation of a main core and of one or more secondary cores. P~ccording to the finding, after being realised in the usual way into respective care boxes, such secondary cares are laid into a die and coated vrith foamed material only in the shape pane, with the thickness required by the casting, and then they are laid pre-assembled into the main core box yet to be moulded, that is, empty, fn order to receive the secondary cores already coated with foamed material, the main core box will be empty at the shapes of said secondary cores since shapes and thickness are replaced by the cores and by the coating layer. As a consequence, the main core box is much easier and cheaper to be realised since it allows eliminating any inside undercut and any moving parts required to realised the containments of secondary cores. In addition the main core box only has the 20 outside prints of the secondary cores, which will be pre-assembled iota the same. Following the moulding of the main core box ~~sith sand and polymerised resin, a single monolithic body is obtained, already assembled and exhibiting a considerable geort~etric accc~racy, consisting of the main core s and of the secondary cores, which are integral with the main core through the coating that forms the casting thickness.
such monolithic body can then be easily carried and laid into the mould or chill.
Besides cores of sand or of other material, the casting procedure under discussion can be applied to thin hollow inserts consisting of heat resistant material, such as metal or composite material, and intended to be embedded into the casting for making the inside surfaces of the cavities perfectly Zo smooth. From the dimensional point of view, the main core box is capable df receiving both sand cores or inserts coated with foamed material.
if inserts of metal or other material are to be embedded into the casting, and these inserts have an inside vaid and where such void is corresponding to the core design, they must be iaid into a specific core box which only considers the insert thickness in addition, and then it is moulded. The resulting core viii be provided with prints and embedded Inserts, only in the shaped zone, and besides serving as support for the inserts= such core 2o will also prevent the molten material from penetrating into the void part of the ec~bedded inserts.
The property that allows performing the pre-assembly of already coated cores into a core box yet to be moulded (void allows, for such a secondary cores to be conformed in any geometrical shape which would otherwise be not possible. In the casting it is therefore possible to obtain even several passages, labyrinths and else which was not possible before, and this since it is not necessary anymore to perform a successive assembly, only after moulding all sores.
Consequently the described process results in outside thickness of all secondary cores having no deformation and being perfectly shaped as the drawings, which was not always io possible according to the traditional technology, since often inside shapes of a main core box requires mobile parts for drafting, which can only be obtained with special deformation.
In any case, the casting designer is provided with a new technology that allows obtaining castings which can even 15 embed other adjacent parts currently casted separately, according to the constraints of the current traditional casting technology.
such new technology can also be used for obtaining stiffening by pre-coating fragile cares with foamed material in order to 2o facilitate handling or for a greater protection against breakage after pre-assembly into the mould, or for restricting the effect of metallostatic pressure.
~'he above is obtained both by performing a pre-assembly directly into the die, and in this case the coating thickness may be equal to or smaller than the casting thickness, or by laying the pre-coated cares into another core box yet to be moulded, and in this case the coating must be equal to the casting thickness.
In order to coat both cores and inserts with polystyrene or other equivalent material, it is necessary to be provided with a specii~tc die consisting of a single lower negative half and another upper negative half, since positive patterns consist of to the cores or inserts to be coated.
The die is constructed with all core print seals equal to the core boxes, to moulds or chills, considering the specific tolerances and thermal expansions.
retailed description of an embodiment of the invention 15 The casting procedure described is especially but not exclusively adapted to be applied to a chill casting process of an engine cylinder head. In this case, with reference to the attached drawings, the main core ~ ~ is the water jacket care that is that intended to realise the coolant circulation passages, o v~hereas secondar~r cores mainly are those relating to the intake '!2 and exi~aust 'l~ duct.
Tire lamer, plug any ather secondary cores, such as for example those intended to create the exhaust gas circulation compartment and ti~at somewhat involve the water jacket cores are moulded into respective core boxes in a traditional manner.
Once moulded, such cores are laid into a single die 1 S (Fig. 4~
to be coated with foamed material 18, such as polystyrene.
halve seats 1 ~4, 15 far the intake and exhaust valves, may be previously laid into said die, at special references. Moreover, the die may be provided with mobile cylindrical pins 16, 1 ~
intended to realise seats 16', 1 ~'' (Fig. 5~ for the valve guides 15,17.
Polystyrene 18, or equivalent material, infected into the die, ~o only envelops the shaped zones of the cores inserted therein , with the required casting thickness, thereby excluding the core prints 12', 13'. Also the valve seats onto the outside diameter are embedded, whereas inside they wits be aligned on the conical edges of the duct cores. For this specific application, 15 the valve seats 14, 15 must have the proper machining stock on the inside diameter. The outside diameter of the valve seats is realised with a taper equal to the inside one, and such taper is required for the coating material to support and held into position the valve seats during further handling, up to the 2o assembly into the chill or die. The metal will then finally black the valve seats onto the casting.
The group consisting of ducts 1 ~, 13 and of the valve seats 14, 15, all coated with foamed material 1 S~, and therefore consisting of a single body (Fig. 5~ is then laid (pre-assembled into the water jacket care box ~a ~Flgs. 6, T~. As said above, the water jacket care box Zt? exhibits very simple structure since it is free from the shapes corresponding to the outside thickness of pre-assembled secondary cares.
tn fact, in place of such shapes there are reference seats 2D' and negative prints ~Q" (Fig. 6} Intended to receive the secondary cares with the relevant prints and the valve seats coated with foamed material. The core box therefore is free from any undercut and mobile parts.
At this point the water jacket core box is filled with sand and polymerised resin, thereby obtaining a very accurate monolithic group wherein the water jacket core 11 envelops and haids the outside thickness of the duct cares consisting of the foamed material on the shaped zones (Fig. 8~. A perfect 15 relative positioning between each core is therefore obtained as weft.
When the entire group consisting of secondary cares, valve seats and foamed material has been moulded into a single body with the water jacket core, the valve guides 1 ~", '17" can be automatically inserted into the suitable seats 1 C', 17' obtained in the foamed material. Special seating members are appiied to the junctions between foamed rrnaterial and upper haif water jacket care box In order to prevent sand infittrations into the guide seats during moulding.
The valve guides will be solid (w~haut central holes) since mechanical mach~ning for inserting the valve stems is performed with va~ve gu~des embedded into the casting.
among the other things, this allows preventing the use of traditional stiffening bosses around the valve guide into the duct cores.
The valve guides wi~~ be provided with a negative circular groove at the portions embedded in the foamed malaria~, which wi~~ hold into position the va~ve guides in the casting metal io when the latter replaces the foamed material.
~n the upper portion of the valve guide there ~s often another care 21 for the oil gallery, as in the case shown in fig. 10, or a core for the tappet compartment, which realises the risers (casting metal feeding during the shrinkage by cooling}.
is As a consequence, the upper end of the valve guides will always be guided into a suitable seat realised into said upper core 2't or into the tappet compartment core, and therefore blocked into the correct position, even when the casting metal has dissolved or is dissolving the foamed material around the 2o valve guides, without making the same valve guides collapse.
~n the lower portion, the vatve guides are inserted and stopped into suitable seats 22 obtained in the duct cores Fig. 3).
At this point, the mono~ithic group comprising the water jacket core 11, the secondary cores, the valve seats= the valve guides, the foamed material along w~h other cores, such as core 21, can be laid assembled into the chill (Figs. 9, 'f 0).
During the casting, the molten metal will dissolve and replace the foamed material, determining the rewired thickness and embedding the valve seats and the valve guides.
Fig. 10 shows the same assembly scheme described above, but where the dud cares consist of metal hollow inserts 23 (or made of another material capable of standing the heat generated by the casting metaf), fitted with sand and io polymerised resin having a support function as well as serving to prevent any penetration of molten metal into the inserts. The interior of such inserts has the same dimensional features of sand cares. Polymerised sand cores and .insects 2S are moulded into a specific core box 1 Q which must keep into account the thickness of said inserts (Fig. 2).
At one end, the inserts end against the valve seats whereas as the opposed end, they end flush with the casting raw flange.
Since the intake and exhaust duct cores 12, 'f 3 and any other secondary cocas are laid (pre-assembled) after having been 2o coated with foamed material ~ 8 in the water jacket core box 1 ~ , there is no design limit for the ducts or for other secondary cores. For example, the intake ducts may be connected to one another with a single chamber without any interruption in the l~orizor~tal direction to the upper parts of the valve seats. such chamber may even reach the intake manifold coupling flange and form a single chamber integral with the same manifold, without implying any problems of assembly with the water jacket. Such concept may also be extended to inserts made of another material and embedded into the casting.
As a consequence, the head designer will have a wide freedom of design since the current design constrairEts are eliminated, such as the forced passage of the ducts through tile water jacket. For example, as shown in Figs, 9a and 9b, the water zo jacket compartment can be realised with more rounded design (black parts} in place of the current inclined surfaces and sharp edges to allow drafting. The outside duct core thickness is also free from deformations, with a constant and perfect thickness exactly as drawing specif<cation.
15 In short, the chill casting procedure proposed and applied to the realisation of an engine cylinder head allows obtaining the following advantages:
- intake and exhaust ducts without any inside design constraints and without deformations on the outside thickness, 2o with consequent constant casting thickness;
- intake and exhaust ducts consisting of heat resistant inserts and embedded during casting;
- higher geometrical accuracy in the position of the intake and exhaust ducts and of the water jacket relative to the l7 ~OmiSlIStiCln ~ha6'YtiJerS;
- water jacket ~rith a greater water passage volume in the more critical zones;
- naive seats embedded during casting;
- ~raiue guides embedded during casting;
- possibiiil~ of eliminating the hales created by' the prints far supporting the v~ater jacket core in the pouring step, thereby eliminating the mechanical machining required to plug such holes.
Claims (23)
1. Casting procedure for obtaining parts provided with inside cavities or holes, wherein said holes and/or cavities are obtained by laying into a mould or chill intended to receive the molten metal one or more cores made of sand or other material, wherein each core is realised separately into a proper core box, and wherein before laying into the mould or chill, it provides for the step of coating at least one core with a layer of a material adapted to dissolve in contact with the casting metal~, characterized in that, before said step of coating at least one core with a layer of a material adapted to dissolve in contact with the casting metal, it comprises the step of laying at least a valve seat (14, 15) for the intake and/or exhaust valve in a die (19) for coating at least one core with a layer of a material adapted to dissolve in contact with the casting metal embedding said valve seat.
2. Casting procedure according to claim 1, wherein, before said step of coating at least one core with a layer of a material adapted to dissolve is contact with the casting metal, it comprises the step of realizing at least a seat (16', 17') for a valve guide (16", 17").
3. Casting procedure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said coating is applied to the core only in the zones and by the thickness of the casting shape.
4. Casting procedure according to claim 3, wherein the coating is performed by injection molding on the core to be coated.
5. Casting procedure of an engine cylinder head according to anyone of the previous claims, wherein a main core (11) , which is the water jacket core intended to realize the coolant circulation passages, and secondary cores, which mainly are ducts sores (12, 13) for the intake and exhaust ducts, are provided.
6. Casting procedure according to 5, wherein the main core is realised into a special core box, along with one or more secondary cores intended to be associated to said main core, characterised in that it comprises the following steps:
- coating at least one secondary core, only in the zones and by the shaped thickness, with a layer of material intended to dissolve in contact with the molten metal;
- inserting the group consisting of at least one secondary core and of at least a valve seat, all coated with said layer of material intended to dissolve in contact with the molten metal into the main core box yet to be moulded;
- moulding the main core box; and - inserting the monolithic group comprising the water jacket core (11). the secondary cores, the at least one valve seat, the layer of material intended to dissolve is contact with the molten metal that keeps them firmly connected, into the mould or chill intended to receive the molten metal.
- coating at least one secondary core, only in the zones and by the shaped thickness, with a layer of material intended to dissolve in contact with the molten metal;
- inserting the group consisting of at least one secondary core and of at least a valve seat, all coated with said layer of material intended to dissolve in contact with the molten metal into the main core box yet to be moulded;
- moulding the main core box; and - inserting the monolithic group comprising the water jacket core (11). the secondary cores, the at least one valve seat, the layer of material intended to dissolve is contact with the molten metal that keeps them firmly connected, into the mould or chill intended to receive the molten metal.
7. Chill casting procedure of an engine cylinder head according to claim 6, wherein the main core is that intended to realise the waterjacket (11) for the engine coolant circulation, and wherein the secondary cores comprise at least the cores of the intake and exhaust ducts (12, 13), characterised in that said duct cores are laid into a single die (19) to be coated with the coating material layer (18) so as to form a single body to be laid into the special water jacket core box.
8. Casting procedure according to claim 7, wherein valve seats (14, 15) for the intake and exhaust ducts axe first laid into the die, the injected material enveloping said valve seats on the outer diameter.
9. Casting procedure according to anyone of the previous claims, wherein prior to assembly monolithic group into the mould or chill, at least a valve guides (18", 17") for the intake and/or exhaust valves is inserted into the monolithic group comprising the main core and the secondary coated cores.
10. Casting procedure according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the cores to be coated consist of hollow inserts (23) made of a heat resistant material, wherein the cavity represents the shape according to the drawing.
11. Casting procedure according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the cores to be coated consist of a hollow insert for the shaped zones only, made of a heat resistant material filled with sand and polymerised resin to realise the prints and prevent metal infiltrations.
12. Casting procedure according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the coating material of the sand and polymerised resin cores or of the inserts is a foamed material, such, as polystyrene.
13. Main core box for the casting procedure according to any one of claims 5-12, characterised in that it only consists of two portions intended to be closed onto one another, thereby in that it is free from undercuts and therefore of mobile parts adapted to perform the draft, and in that it exhibits seats and negative prints (20', 20") for receiving and blocking into position the secondary cores pre-coated with the coating material.
14. Die for coating the intake and exhaust duct cores in an engine cylinder head casting process according to any one of claims 5-12, characterised in that it is provided with cylindrical mobile pins (16, 17) intended to realise at least a seats (16', 17') into the coating material for the valve guides (16". 17") of the intake and/or exhaust valves.
15. Die for coating the intake and exhaust duct cores (12,13) in an engine cylinder head casting process according to any one of claims 5-12, characterised in that it is configured for receiving at least a valve seats (14, 15) for the intake and/or exhaust valves.
16. Engine cylinder head characterised in that it embeds at least one hollow insert (23) made of metal or other heat resistant material, whose interior forms the design of the corresponding intake and exhaust duct.
17. Engine cylinder head casting, characterized an that of embedding at least a valve seat.
18 Engine cylinder head casting, characterized is that of embedding at least a valve guide.
19. Casting procedure for obtaining parts provided with inside cavities or holes, wherein said holes and/or cavities are obtained by laying into a mould or chill intended to receive the molten metal one or more cores made, of sand or other material, wherein each core is realised separately into a proper core box, and wherein before laying into the mould or chill, it provides for the step of coating at least one core with a layer of a material, adapted to dissolve is contact with the casting metal, characterized is that, before said step of coating at least one core with a layer of a material adapted to dissolve is contact with the casting metal, it comprises the step of realizing at least a seat (16', 17') for a valve guide (16", 17").
20. Casting procedure of an engine cylinder head, wherein said cylinder head presents at least a water jacket for the engine coolant circulation, at least a intake and/or exhaust duct, at least a valve seat for the intake and/or exhaust valve, wherein said water jacket and duct are obtained by laying into a mould or chill intended to receive the molten metal one or more cores made of sand or other material and realized separately into proper core boxes, and wherein at least the core of the duct is coated with a layer of a material adapted to dissolve in contact with the casting metal before being laid into the mould or chill, characterized is that it comprises the step of embedding said at least valve seat into said layer o~ a material adapted to dissolve in contact with the casting metal, is such a may that during the casting, the molten metal will dissolve and replace the layer of a material adapted to dissolve is contact with the casting metal, determining the required thickness and embedding said valve seat.
21. Casting procedure of as engine cylinder head, wherein said cylinder head presents at least a water jacket for the engine coolant circulation, at least a intake and/or exhaust duct, at least a valve guide for the intake and/or exhaust valve, wherein said water jacket and duct are obtained by laying into a mould or chill, intended to receive the molten metal one or more cores made of sand or other material and realized separately into proper core boxes, and wherein at least the core of the duct is coated with a layer of a material adapted to dissolve is contact with the casting metal before being laid into the mould or chill, characterized is that it comprises the step of embedding said at least valve guide into said layer of a material adapted to dissolve is contact with the casting metal, is such a way that during the casting, the molten metal wall dissolve and replace the layer of a material adapted to dissolve is contact with the casting metal, determining the required thickness and embedding said valve guide.
22. Casting equipment of an engine cylinder head, wherein said cylinder head presents at least a intake and/or exhaust duct, at least a valve seat for the intake and/or exhaust valve, wherein said duct is obtained with one or more cores made of sand or other material, and wherein at least the core of the duct is coated with a lager of a material adapted to dissolve is contact with the casting metal, characterized is that it provides for embedding said at least valve seat into said layer of a material adapted to dissolve in contact with the casting metal, in such a way that during the casting, the molten metal will dissolve and replace the layer of a material adapted to dissolve in contact with the casting metal, determining the required thickness and embedding said valve seat.
23. Casting equipment of an engine cylinder head, wherein said cylinder head presents at least a intake and/or exhaust duct, at least a valve guide for the intake and/or exhaust valve, wherein said duct is obtained with one or more cores made of sand or other material, and wherein at least the core of the duct is coated with a layer of a material adapted to dissolve is contact with the casting metal, characterized is that it provides for embedding said at least valve guide into said layer of a material adapted to dissolve is contact with the casting metal, in such a way that during the casting, the molten metal will dissolve and replace the layer of a material adapted to dissolve is contact with the casting metal, determining the required thickness and embedding said valve guide.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT000088A ITBS20020088A1 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2002-10-04 | MELTING PROCEDURE, IN PARTICULAR FOR ENGINE CYLINDER HEAD |
| ITBS/2002/A/000088 | 2002-10-04 | ||
| PCT/IT2002/000771 WO2004035245A1 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2002-12-09 | Casting procedure, particularly for engine cylinder head |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2500794A1 true CA2500794A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
Family
ID=32104757
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002500794A Abandoned CA2500794A1 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2002-12-09 | Casting procedure, particularly for engine cylinder head |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20060108084A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1545811A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2006502009A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20050060070A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1671493A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR038665A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002368287A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0215900A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2500794A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE20221850U1 (en) |
| IT (1) | ITBS20020088A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA05002557A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO20052175L (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2306194C2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW200405836A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004035245A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200501275B (en) |
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| US20140305408A1 (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2014-10-16 | Caterpillar Motoren Gmbh & Co. Kg | Cylinder head with fuel guiding portion |
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| CN116079007B (en) * | 2023-04-07 | 2023-06-09 | 蓬莱金创精密铸造有限公司 | Casting die for automobile exhaust connector and manufacturing process |
| CN117773059A (en) * | 2024-01-18 | 2024-03-29 | 烟台冰轮智能机械科技有限公司 | Naked casting manufacturing process of cylinder cover |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4093018A (en) * | 1976-10-19 | 1978-06-06 | Deere & Company | Casting methods with composite molded core assembly |
| JPS58184040A (en) * | 1982-04-22 | 1983-10-27 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Core for cylinder block of internal-combustion engine and molding method thereof |
| US4691754A (en) * | 1985-12-31 | 1987-09-08 | Deere & Company | Method for forming castings having inserts |
| FR2613659A1 (en) * | 1987-04-13 | 1988-10-14 | Peugeot | Method of manufacturing rigid and hollow components which may or may not have drafts (undercuts) |
| US6305458B1 (en) * | 1999-03-17 | 2001-10-23 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Lost foam and sand cores stage manufacturing technology |
-
2002
- 2002-10-04 IT IT000088A patent/ITBS20020088A1/en unknown
- 2002-12-09 WO PCT/IT2002/000771 patent/WO2004035245A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-09 CN CNA028297008A patent/CN1671493A/en active Pending
- 2002-12-09 EP EP02808016A patent/EP1545811A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-12-09 AU AU2002368287A patent/AU2002368287A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-09 JP JP2004544685A patent/JP2006502009A/en active Pending
- 2002-12-09 US US10/530,196 patent/US20060108084A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-09 DE DE20221850U patent/DE20221850U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-09 MX MXPA05002557A patent/MXPA05002557A/en unknown
- 2002-12-09 CA CA002500794A patent/CA2500794A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-09 BR BR0215900-7A patent/BR0215900A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-09 RU RU2005109149/02A patent/RU2306194C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-09 KR KR1020057003937A patent/KR20050060070A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-10 TW TW091135735A patent/TW200405836A/en unknown
- 2002-12-27 AR ARP020105115A patent/AR038665A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2005
- 2005-01-11 ZA ZA200501275A patent/ZA200501275B/en unknown
- 2005-05-03 NO NO20052175A patent/NO20052175L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2006
- 2006-11-30 US US11/565,394 patent/US20080017346A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140305408A1 (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2014-10-16 | Caterpillar Motoren Gmbh & Co. Kg | Cylinder head with fuel guiding portion |
| US9617950B2 (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2017-04-11 | Caterpillar Motoren Gmbh & Co. Kg | Cylinder head with fuel guiding portion |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AR038665A1 (en) | 2005-01-26 |
| AU2002368287A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
| BR0215900A (en) | 2005-08-09 |
| US20080017346A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
| ZA200501275B (en) | 2006-07-26 |
| WO2004035245A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
| NO20052175L (en) | 2005-05-03 |
| TW200405836A (en) | 2004-04-16 |
| ITBS20020088A1 (en) | 2004-04-05 |
| US20060108084A1 (en) | 2006-05-25 |
| MXPA05002557A (en) | 2005-05-05 |
| CN1671493A (en) | 2005-09-21 |
| RU2306194C2 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
| JP2006502009A (en) | 2006-01-19 |
| DE20221850U1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
| EP1545811A1 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
| RU2005109149A (en) | 2005-10-10 |
| KR20050060070A (en) | 2005-06-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| FZDE | Discontinued |