CA2409368A1 - Multidirectional frame provided with a heat sensor or a photovoltaic sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a frame (3) capable of receiving on at least one of its two main faces a thermal or photovoltaic sensor, characterized in that said frame is orientable according to a continuous progression range or in a step-by-step mode. compared to solar irradiance.

Description

WO 01/8831

2 PCT / FRO1 / 01514 ADJUSTABLE FRAME PROVIDED WITH A THERMAL SENSOR OR A
PHOTOVOLTAIC SENSOR
The invention relates to the technical field of housing equipment individual and collective, and more specifically, that of recovery energy, especially of solar origin.
It thus relates to an adjustable frame, capable of receiving a sensor thermal or photovoltaic, and whose orientation is a function of the race at the same time Daily 1o and seasonal sun.
As part of the production of electrical and thermal energy, the implementation covers with paimeaux is, to date, widely known. These pamleaux are traditionally integrated into a roof, or even placed on the ground. In fact, they present a tilt constant, certainly sometimes optimized, in relation to the illumination solar. By way accordingly, depending on the time of day and the season these parnleaux are very far from developing nominal yields for which they are designed.
2o The studies carried out could show that it was necessary to provide for a tilt average of such a paullin with respect to the vertical of 30 ° in winter, and 60 ° in summer.
In fact, panels have been made allowing this double tilt.
However, this double tilt works according to the rule of tOtlt or nothing, it is say it there are no intermediate positions between these two extreme positions, nor of any progress. As a consequence, if indeed the yields energy are improved, they are far from being optimized.
The objective of the invention is to allow optimization of this recovery of energy, whether of electrical origin by transformation photovoltaic, or by 3o simple thermal accumulation.
To this end, it offers a framework capable of receiving on at least one of its two main faces a thermal or photovoltaic sensor, characterized in what said frame is orientable according to a continuous progression range or not at not by compared to solar irradiance.

Advantageously, this orientation is achieved by means of an actuated member.
automatically.
The progression step by step, for typical periods of ten minutes, thus allows to take into account the course of the sun, its ~ .is poz ~ r as much require a relatively tedious mechanism to develop to ensure progression in continuous mode, in synchronism with said course of the sun.
The actuator member may consist of an electric actuating cylinder directly at level of the frame or through compasses, in particular symmetrical, of which one of the branches is integral with the frame, in this case arüculée at the level of one of its sides on a frame, and the other of which is integral with the frame, on which is articulated said frame.
The frame in question can also be linearly translated and be used as sliding or tilt-and-turn shutter, to further perform the functions of traditional blackout of light for the habitat at which it is put in square.
The framework can also be implemented at the level of the blanket solar for swimming pools and other basins.
The manner in which the invention can be carried out and the advantages thereof arise will better emerge from the following exemplary embodiments, given as indicative and not limiting in support of the appended figures.
Figure 1 is a schematic representation in side view of a frame orientable articulated according to the invention.
Figure 2 is a front view of the frame in question according to one of the forms of 3o realization of the invention.
Figure 3 is a schematic representation of an oscillating frame, making office of component, and constituting a variant of FIG. 1.
Figure 4 is a schematic perspective representation of another made of embodiment of the invention, implementing a frame for an oscillating flap beating, in open position, of which Figure 5 is a quick detail of the mechanism functioning of the constituent elementary blades.

3 Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 4, but shown in position semi-closed.
Figure 7 is a side view of Figure 6.
Figure 8 is a sectional view of a frame provided with a thermal uri sensor.
s Figure 9 is a detailed view of such a thermal sensor.
Figure 10 is a side view of tilt and turn shutter provided with such sensor thermal.
Figure 11 is a schematic representation of several conforming frames at the invention, provided with thermal or photovoltaic sensors associated between them, and constituting a cover assembly, in particular for swimming pools or basins.
Figure 12 is a view of the sensor in a substantially vertical position.
As already specified, the invention relates more specifically to housing collective or individual, and is in particular intended to be implemented, according to a first embodiment at the shutters, provided with photovoltaic sensors, see thermal sensors.
Regarding these components, there are different systems, simple or double, to manual or motorized opening. Among the different types of models available, we combine the oscillating, tilt-and-turn, and tilt-and-slide shutters, all able also be single or double with manual opening and oscillation or motorized.
In fact, different combinations can be envisaged, without there being instead of go into detail here.
The flap (2) according to the invention, therefore comprises tuz frame (3) orientable, and in the species, articulated at the level of a window by an axis of articulation horizontal (5). This frame (3) receives on its upper face a photovoltaic module (1), stretching substantially over its entire surface. Traditionally, such a module is composed of photovoltaic cells, the function of which is to transform energy hunineuse in an electric current. When said huninous energy enters Ie material 3o will be conductive - constitutive of cells, photons carrying electro- energy magnetic allow the electrons to be released and thus to constitute a current electric. Such photovoltaic modules are well known per se, so that he there is no need here to describe it in detail. It should nevertheless be specified what is traditionally associated with such modules a converter - inverter ensuring the connection with the electrical network. Thus, a fixed module inclined at 60 °
compared to the vertical and with an area of 0.5 m2, representing around 36 cells from 100 cm2, produces 50 Watts peak under tm radiation of 1000 W / ma.

4 According to the invention, the module (1) is secured to the frame (3) by any means, and in particular a resin, or any bonding or mechanical fixing system traditional.
The swing type shutter is likely to receive uxz module on his two sides, to receive the radiation in open position and in position closed.
The shutter can be made of any material, in particular wood, material composite such as synthetic resin, PVC, or even metallic.
1o With this component is associated an orientation or tilting member, intended to keep a substantially 90 ° mgle between the surface of the photovoltaic module that he receives and solar radiation, taking into account the daily illumination and seasonal.
This body is either manual or motorized. To this end, the component, as well as already said, is secured to the frame (3), in particular metallic. The frame is mounted on pivots (5) or a hinge pin, in particular secured to the wall of the window painting considered. In addition, two symmetrical compasses (6) connect the frame to the wall, so that we can see it in Figures 1 and 2. These compasses are activated at means of a jack (7), electric in particular, so as to induce the spacing or 2o on the contrary the approximation of the frame (3) relative to the wall, and this, way continuous or in step by step mode. In the latter case, a suitable motor induces a moving the frame, for example every ten minutes.
When large double shutters are used, each compass is actuated by electric cylinders (7), placed vertically from each side of table in the window (embodiment not shown). The two cylinders act '' simultaneously on compasses which unfold under the effect of pressure. The cylinders electrics can be controlled by a programmed clock. They allow thus to easily lift the shutters during the day and to maintain substantially in a plane oriented at 90 ° to the radiation solar.
As a corollary, these cylinders assert their closure at the end of the day.
For single shutters, a single electric actuator is sufficient and acts on both compass simultaneously. It is then oriented substantially horizontally, at the top of the board, as also appears in FIGS. 1 and 2.

There is shown in relation to Figure 3 an alternative embodiment of that previously described. In this, the opening or the fennett ~ re of the frame (3) takes place through tu1 electric actuator (10), acting on a axis of articulation (8), from which two axes (9, 11) extend, respectively direction

5 from the frame and towards the window. The axes (9,11) are themselves mounted articulated at the level of the point of attachment to the window and the frame.
In another embodiment shown in relation to Figures 4 at 7, we implements tilt-and-turn shutters, capable of sliding at the level from the edge 1o superior of the window considered. A metal frame (12), the size from the table of the window is installed on the pre-existing hinges. This frame (12) receives a frame support (40) of oscillating type, and equipped with two photo-generator flaps type clapper (13, 14). Each of these two components is in fact composed of one or more many rows of Iames or solar modules (35), each mounted on a frame (3), swiveling and controlled simultaneously in particular by uxi electric jack or a micromotor, controlled by a clock.
Thus, the support (40) is tilted manually like shutters, while Ies modules are oriented automatically, in continuous mode or step by step, as in the previous embodiment, by the jack or the micro-motor, for example acting on a chain (36), on which lever arms are mounted (37), them-same acting on the blades (35) by means of a hinge pin (38) (see figure 5).
FIG. 6 shows the flaps in the closed position. To do this, executives carrying the modules (35) slide at the upper edge of the frame (12).
Thanks to these different shutters therefore provided with orientation panels automated, high yields of electric power generation are likely to be obtained while retaining the functionality of the shutters. Advantageously, the beach schedule of tilt programming is located in France between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
to say the period which receives about 90% of the daily radiation.
The average value of the global radiation received during a day including the sunshine is discontinued by programmed oscillating shutters in accordance with the inventïon, is about twice that of a fixed module tilted at 60 °, relative to the vertical, which is the average slope of a roof.

6 Thus, the oscillation system according to the invention allows almost double the equivalent area yield. Such a system also proves to be suitable to the mountainous regions, where snow covers a boride part of winter, the rooftops, while the solar rayom ~ .ement is high. This system is also easily achievable and generates relatively low costs. In addition, each of modules can be integrated into any building, without generating additional cost sealing. Finally, such modules are easily accessible and their maintenance is simplified.
1o In another embodiment shown in detail in relation to the figures 8 to 10, the photovoltaic module is replaced by a thermal sensor.
The objective is to use the thermal energy developed by the sun from the exposure daily.
Each of the thermal sensors, shown in more detail at the level of the figure 9 consists of a metal box (21), for example made of steel galvanized or alzuninium-based alloy, lined on the inside with thermal insulation (20), typically made of polyurethane foam. This chest (21) has a standard absorber (19), made of copper soldered to a copper Wbe of about mm in diameter, and in which a heat transfer fluid circulates. A plate of glass hardened (17) covers the trunk (21).
2o In the closed position, the shutter fitted with such a thermal sensor obscures the window to like traditional shutters, and have the rear side on the outside from the chest, which can receive a material or a color adapted to the shade of the building.
The opening swinging shutters are carried out manually, rotating them on their hinges. The thermal collectors are then exposed to sunlight. For increase their efficiency, just push the frame manually or electrically oscillating (16) which can take an inclination close to 45 ° -C. Temperature fluid coolant circulating in the tubes (19) then rises under the effect of radiation solar, and the heat stored in the trunk (21).
3o The heat transfer fluid circulates in the tubes (19) transports the calories stored to a domestic hot water tank or to a heating circuit heater. The principle remains the same when it comes to the inclination variation of shutters thus equipped. The opening and Slll'tOtlt the oscillation of the shutters are motorized for present a programmable orientation according to the sunshine. Of the even way as before, the objective is to maintain the orientation of the plan glazed (17) substantially perpendicular to the direction of solar radiation, such so as to accumulate the maximum of solar thermal energy.

7 There is shown in more detail in relation to FIG. 10, this mode of operation. The metal frame (18) is attached to (23) at the level of the table of the window (26). An electric actuator (24) actuates a compass (25), on injunction an integrated clock or other (not shown). One of the branches of said compass is fixed to the wall, while the other is secured to the oscillating frame (18).
These components combine three functions - obscure windows or bay windows;
- produce 30 to 70% of the hot water of a dwelling during the day of 1o regional sunshine;
- thermally insulate windows, whose losses are high, especially at night.
In another embodiment of the invention, shown in more detail in connection with Figures 11 and 12, the frame according to the invention is intended to be put implemented at the level of a cover for swimming pool or basin. Such blankets are generally implemented in order to concentrate the heat emitted by the Sun in the water, and thus raise the temperature thereof, in addition to limiting the losses of heat at night.
According to the invention, this cover is equipped with a plurality of sensors solar, thermal or photovoltaic, mounted on oscillating frames, themselves mounted on carts suitable for moving the frames and their layout at above the pool. These carriages (30) are therefore liable to move on the part and on the other side of the pelvis.
Thus, the thermal sensors secured to the frame, like what has already been described, absorb heat from solar radiation and transmit it to a fluid coolant süué at the bottom of the pool, or even with a hot water tank 3o sanitary, or even to the heating circuit of tuze dwelling.
When Ia cover is equipped with photovoltaic sensors, these produce a current continuous electric, capable of supplying the technical rooms of the swimming pool, even be regulated and transformed into alternating current to be used on a network of distribution of electricity.

8 Each of the frames (3), mounted on a carriage (30) movable on casters (32), is connected by a flexible and removable canvas (31), connecting the frame of a trolley to the cart consecutive in order to constitute a certain continuity of coverage as well carried out.
The frames (3), receiving a thermal or photovoltaic sensor on its face higher, can be tilted continuously or in a stepped mode not at by means of specific organs of the type of those previously described, in order to to receive the maximum of solar radiation, the course of this inclination being advantageously motorized, like what has been indicated above.
1o Each photovoltaic module is for example composed of a network of cells crystalline silicon solar panels arranged in a sheet and linked together.
This tablecloth cells is encapsulated in an EVA (ethylene-vinyl-) thermoplastic resin acetate) which protects them from humidity, makes them UV stable and ensures their isolation electric. Two sheets of glass sandwich this tablecloth, the thickness total of the resulting assembly being close to 45 mm. An aluminum frame supports the modules and rests on an axis (33) made mobile by a quarter of circle identical to that of the sensors.
Depending on the size of the module, it is tilted manually or 2o electrically either by a jack which tows it, or by a motor which results in a chain attached to the sensor. The performance of the modules is improved by tilt programming, which induces the orientation of the module constantly perpendicular to the solar radiation.
To perfectly cover the pool, all the sensors are placed horizontally, the carriages being in fact aligned along the basin. They are likely to also serve as guardrails. Depending on the programming, the sensors is fall during the day to monitor the cost of the sun.
As a corollary, the cloths (31) located between each sensor or module protect the pool.
In the case of thermal sensors installed at the level of the frames (3), the temperature of the heat transfer fluid rises under (effect of solar radiation and some heat stored in the trunk (over 100 ° C in summer). The fluid coolant circulates and transports the stored calories to the pool water or the ball domestic hot water from the home or to a heating circuit. We could to show that IO m2 of, collectors provide between 50 to 70% of hot water needs of a dwelling.

9 In the case of 10 m2 of photovoltaic modules exposed to the south, we also have could show that (the electricity produced represents between 30 to 50% of electricity of a house without heating.
The similar principle of thermal sensors and photovoltaic modules allows to combine the two types on the same cover of a swimming pool, alternating through example, thermal and photovoltaic sensors.
A coverage area of around 30 m2 produces enough energy to 1o meet all the needs of a home in the south of France.
When using the swimming pool, this cover should be removed.
this effect, each sensor is positioned in a position close to the vertical. Then the carriages (30) are moved starting with the last, a guide fixed to the ground of each side of the basin holding the wheels in a direction parallel to the pelvis, to like rails, so that the carriages remain parallel. A difference of length allows them to be embedded against each other and thus occupy a . minimum space at the end of the pool.
2o We can therefore see the whole point of the device according to the invention, in the frame the search for an optimization of the exploitation of solar energy, energy free to limit the emission of polluting gases, at the origin of the effect greenhouse and its consequences.
This device is easy to design, and given its ease adaptation to existing supports, is quite advantageous in terms of economy of energy.

Claims (3)

1. Frame (3) capable of receiving on at least one of its two faces main a thermal sensor, said frame being orientable relative to solar illumination, characterized:
o in that the orientation of the frame is likely to be carried out according to a continuous progression range or in a step-by-step mode;
o in that the orientation of the frame is achieved by means of a member automatically actuated, consisting of at least one electric actuator (7, 24);
o and in that the frame is capable of being linearly translated and, be used as a sliding, tilt-and-turn or tilt-and-slide shutter, to to further fulfill the functions of traditional blackout of light for the habitat at which it is set up. 2. Frame (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the member actuator the orientation of the frame acts directly at the frame level or by by means of compasses (6, 25), in particular symmetrical, one of the branches is integral with the frame (3), in this case articulated at the level of one of its sides on a frame, and the other of which is integral with said frame, on which East articulated the frame. 3. Frame (3) according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it East integrated in a multi-panel shutter, each of the panels (35) composting an adjustable frame (3).