CA2405444A1 - Unified rotary flow control valve for internal combustion engine cooling system - Google Patents

Unified rotary flow control valve for internal combustion engine cooling system Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2405444A1
CA2405444A1 CA 2405444 CA2405444A CA2405444A1 CA 2405444 A1 CA2405444 A1 CA 2405444A1 CA 2405444 CA2405444 CA 2405444 CA 2405444 A CA2405444 A CA 2405444A CA 2405444 A1 CA2405444 A1 CA 2405444A1
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Canada
Prior art keywords
coolant
inlet
intercooler
outlet
radiator
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Granted
Application number
CA 2405444
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French (fr)
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CA2405444C (en
Inventor
Gregory Alan Marsh
Peter Loring Valentine
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Publication date
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Publication of CA2405444C publication Critical patent/CA2405444C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/005—Cooling of pump drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/20—Cooling circuits not specific to a single part of engine or machine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P7/16—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control
    • F01P7/165—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control characterised by systems with two or more loops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
    • F02B29/0437—Liquid cooled heat exchangers
    • F02B29/0443—Layout of the coolant or refrigerant circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/08—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks
    • F16K11/085—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks with cylindrical plug
    • F16K11/0856—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks with cylindrical plug having all the connecting conduits situated in more than one plane perpendicular to the axis of the plug
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
    • F01P11/02—Liquid-coolant filling, overflow, venting, or draining devices
    • F01P11/029—Expansion reservoirs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/02—Intercooler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/04—Lubricant cooler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/12—Turbo charger
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86815—Multiple inlet with single outlet
    • Y10T137/86823—Rotary valve
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86863—Rotary valve unit

Abstract

An enhanced split cooling system and method for a turbocharged internal combustion engine including a liquid cooled turbocharger 19 and an engine liquid coolant jacket 18, the system comprising a coolant pump 12 for pumping coolant from a coolant storage tank 16 in heat exchange relationship with the engine jacket 18 and turbocharger 19; an oil cooler 32 having coolant input and output lines; a valve assembly 74, 83 including a mufti-port rotary valve actuated by a single actuator; a first coolant output line connected for conveying coolant from the engine to the valve assembly 74, 83; a radiator 22 connected via a second coolant line for receiving coolant from the valve assembly 74, 83 and having a coolant outflow line to return coolant to the coolant tank 16; an intercooler 28 operatively associated with the turbocharger 19 for passing the coolant in hear exchange relationship with compressed air in the turbocharger 19; a lube oil subcooler 46 coupled by a third coolant flow line to receive coolant from the radiator 22 and having a coolant outflow line selectively couplable through the valve assembly 74, 83 to the oil cooler 32 and the coolant tank 16; an intercooler subcooler 24 coupled by a fourth coolant flow line to receive coolant from the oil subcooler 46 and having a coolant outflow line selectively couplable through the valve assembly 74, 83 to the coolant tank 16 and the intercooler 28; and the valve assembly 74, 83 being independently operable for selectively directing coolant flow through the radiator 22 and subcoolers 46, 24 and the oil cooler 32 and intercooler 28 as a function of engine operating temperature.

Claims (29)

1. A cooling system for a turbo-charged internal combustion engine for a locomotive or off highway vehicle, said system comprising:

(a) a coolant storage tank 16 having an inlet and an outlet;

(b) a coolant pump 12 associated with said tank 16 operable to circulate coolant through said cooling system;

(c) an engine coolant jacket 18 in heat transfer relationship with said engine having an inlet in fluid communication with said tank outlet and an outlet;

(d) a combustion air intercooler 28 having an inlet;

(e) a radiator 22 having an inlet and an outlet; and (f) a single rotary control valve 74, 83 connected in fluid communication with said coolant jacket outlet 52, said intercooler inlet 56, said radiator inlet, said radiator outlet 62, and said tank inlet 60 and controllable to operate in a plurality of flow connection modes for selectively regulating a flow of coolant throughout said jacket 18, intercooler 28, radiator 22 and tank 16, and thus a temperature of said engine under varying engine operating and environmental conditions.
2. The cooling system of claim 1, wherein said single rotary control valve 74, comprises three flow paths for said coolant:

(a) a first flow connection mode connecting said coolant jacket outlet 52 to said radiator inlet 56, and connecting said radiator outlet 62 to said intercooler inlet 54;

(b) a second flow connection mode connecting said coolant jacket outlet 52 to said radiator inlet 56 and said intercooler inlet 54, and connecting said radiator outlet 62 to said coolant tank inlet 60; and (c) a third flow path connection mode connecting said coolant jacket outlet 52 to said intercooler inlet 54 and said coolant tank inlet 60, and connecting said radiator inlet 56 and outlet 62 to said coolant tank inlet 60.
3. The cooling system of claim 2, wherein said rotary control valve 74 further comprises:

(a) a cylinder 70 having openings 76, 81, 77, 78, 79, 80 connected to said coolant jacket outlet 52, said intercooler inlet 54, said radiator inlet 56, said radiator outlet 62, and said coolant tank inlet 60;

(b) a rotor 72 disposed within said cylinder 70 and having a plurality of sets of openings formed therein said rotor 72 operable to be moved to a plurality of positions within said cylinder 70;

(c) a first of said positions aligning said openings in said cylinder 70 with a first set of openings in said rotor to form said first flow path 100, 101;

(d) a second of said positions aligning said openings in said cylinder 70 with a second set of openings in said rotor to form said second flow path 103, 104; and (e) a third of said positions aligning said openings in said cylinder 70 with a third set of openings in said rotor to form said third flow path 107, 109.
4. The system of claim 1 further comprising:

(a) a liquid cooled turbo charger 19 having an inlet in fluid communication with said tank 16 outlet and an outlet;

(b) an intercooler subcooler 24 having a coolant input and output;

(c) a lube oil cooler 32 having a coolant input and output;

(d) a lube oil subcooler 46 having a coolant input and output; and (e) wherein said single rotary control valve 83 is further connected in fluid communication with said oil cooler inlet 33, said lube oil subcooler output, said intercooler subcooler inlet and said intercooler subcooler output 24 and controllable to operate in a plurality of flow connection modes for selectively regulating a flow of coolant throughout said coolant jacket, turbo charger 19, intercooler 28, radiator 22, tank 16, oil cooler 32, oil subcooler 46, and intercooler subcooler 24 and thus a temperature of the engine under varying engine operating and environmental conditions.
5. The cooling system of claim 4, wherein said single rotary control valve 83 comprises three flow paths for said coolant:

(a) a first flow communication mode connecting said coolant jacket 18 outlet and sand turbo charger 19 outlet to said radiator 22 inlet, connecting said oil subcooler 46 outlet to said oil cooler 32 inlet, and connecting said intercooler subcooler 24 outlet to said intercooler inlet 28;

(b) a second flow communication mode connecting said coolant jacket 18 outlet and said turbo charger 19 outlet to said radiator 22 inlet, said oil cooler 32 inlet, and said intercooler 28 inlet, connecting said oil subcooler 46 outlet to said coolant tank 16 inlet, and connecting said intercooler subcooler 24 outlet to said coolant tank 16 inlet; and (c) a third flow communication mode connecting said coolant jacket 18 outlet to said intercooler 28 inlet, said oil cooler 32 inlet, and said coolant tank 16 inlet, connecting said radiator 22 input to said coolant tank 16 inlet, connecting oil subcooler 46 outlet to said coolant tank 16 inlet, and connecting said intercooler subcooler 24 outlet to said coolant tank 16 inlet.
6. The cooling system of claim 5, wherein said rotary control valve 83 further comprises:
(a) a cylinder 120 having openings 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137 connected to said turbocharger 19 outlet 23, said coolant jacket 18 outlet 23, said intercooler inlet 28, said radiator 22 inlet, said radiator 22 outlet, and said coolant tank 16 inlet;
(b) a rotor 122 disposed within said cylinder 120 and having a plurality of sets of openings formed therein said rotor 122 operable to be moved to a plurality of positions within said cylinder 120;
(c) a first of said positions aligning said openings in said cylinder 120 with a first set of opening in said rotor 122 to form said first flow communication mode;
(d) a second of said positions aligning said openings in said cylinder 120 with a second set of opening in said rotor 122 to form said second flow communication mode; and (e) a third of said positions aligning said openings in said cylinder 120 with a third set of openings in said rotor 122 to form said third flow communication mode.
7. A control valve 83 for regulating flow of coolant throughout a cooling system for a turbo-charged internal combustions engine for a locomotive or off highway vehicle, said control valve comprising:

(a) a cylinder 120 having openings in fluid communication with a coolant jacket 18, intercooler 28, radiator 22, and coolant tank 16;
(b) a rotor 122 disposed within said cylinder 120 and having a plurality of sets of openings formed therein said rotor 122 operable to be rotated to a plurality of positions within said cylinder 120 for regulating coolant flow between said control valve 83 and said coolant jacket 18, said intercooler 28, said radiator 22 and said coolant tank 16;
(c) a first of said positions aligning said openings 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137 in said cylinder 120 with a first set of openings in said rotor 122 to form a first flow connection mode;
(d) a second of said positions aligning said openings 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137 in said cylinder 120 with a second set of openings in said rotor 122 to form a second flow connection mode; and (e) a third of said positions aligning said openings 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137 in said cylinder 120 with a third set of openings in said rotor 122 to form a third flow connection mode.
8. The control valve of claim 7 wherein said first flow connection mode is formed by connecting an outlet 23 for said coolant jacket 18 in fluid communication with an inlet of said radiator 22, and connecting an outlet of said radiator 22 in fluid communication with an inlet of said intercooler 28.
9. The control valve of claim 7 wherein said second flow connection mode is formed by connecting said coolant jacket 18 outlet 23 in fluid communication with said radiator 22 inlet, and connecting said radiator 22 outlet in fluid communication with an inlet to said coolant tank 16.
10. The control valve of claim 7 wherein said third flow connection mode is formed by connecting said coolant jacket 18 outlet 23 in fluid communication with said intercooler 28 inlet and said coolant tank 16 inlet, and connecting said radiator 22 inlet and outlet in fluid communication with said coolant tank 16 inlet.
11. An enhanced split cooling system for a turbocharged internal combustion engine including a liquid cooled turbocharger 19 and an engine liquid coolant jacket 18, said system comprising:
(a) a coolant pump 12 for pumping coolant from a coolant storage tank 16 into heat exchange relationship with said engine jacket 18 and said turbocharger 19;
(b) an oil cooler 32;
(c) an oil subcooler 46;
(d) a radiator 22;
(e) an intercooler 28 operatively associated with said turbocharger 19 for passing coolant in heat exchange relationship with compressed air in said turbocharger 19;
(f) an intercooler subcooler 24 having an input and an output; and (g) a valve assembly 83 actuated by an actuator wherein said valve assembly 83 is in fluid communication with said coolant jacket 18, said turbo charger 19, said oil cooler 32, said oil subcooler 46, said intercooler 28, said intercooler subcooler 24, said radiator 22, said tank 16 and independently operable for selectively directing coolant flow through said coolant jacket 18, turbo charger 19, oil cooler 32, oil subcooler 46, intercooler 28, intercooler subcooler 24, radiator 22, and tank 16 under varying engine operating environmental conditions.
12. The system as set forth in claim 11 wherein said valve assembly 83 is operable in a first mode wherein coolant flows from said engine and flows through said radiator 22, flows from said oil subcooler 46 to said oil cooler 32, and flows from said intercooler subcooler 24 to said intercooler 28.
13. The system as set forth in claim 11 wherein said valve assembly 83 is operable in a second mode wherein coolant flows from said engine and flows to said radiator 22, said oil cooler 32, and said intercooler 28, flows from said oil subcooler 46 to said tank 16, and flows from said intercooler subcooler 24 to said tank 16.
14. The system as set forth in claim 11 wherein said valve assembly 83 is operable in a third mode wherein coolant flows from said engine and flows to said intercooler 28, said oil cooler 32, said tank 16, flows from said radiator 22 to said tank 16, flows from said oil subcooler 46 to said tank 16, and flows from said intercooler subcooler 24 to said tank 16.
15. The system as set forth in claim 11 wherein said oil cooler 32 is a plate type heat exchanger.
16. The system as set forth in claim 11 wherein said radiator 22, said oil subcooler 46 and said intercooler subcooler 24 are horizontally disposed in parallel relationship.
17. The system as set forth in claim 11 wherein said oil cooler 32 is a plate type heat exchanger and wherein said radiator 22, said oil subcooler 46 and said intercooler subcooler 24 are horizontally displaced in parallel relationship.
18. The system of claim 11 wherein said valve assembly 83 is a five-port rotary valve.
19. The system of claim 11 wherein said valve assembly 83 is a four-port rotary valve.
20. The system of claim 11 where said valve assembly 83 is a three-port rotary valve assembly.
21. A control valve for regulating flow of coolant throughout a cooling system for an enhanced turbo-charged internal combustions engine for a locomotive or off highway vehicle, said control valve comprising:
(a) a cylinder 120 having openings in fluid communication with to a turbocharger 19, a coolant jacket 18, an intercooler 28, a radiator 22, and a coolant tank 16;
(b) a rotor 122 disposed within said cylinder 120 and having a plurality of sets of openings formed therein said rotor 122 operable to be rotated to a plurality of positions within said cylinder 120;
(c) a first of said positions aligning said openings 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137 in said cylinder 120 with a first set of openings in said rotor 122 to form a first flow communication mode;
(d) a second of said positions aligning said openings 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137 in said cylinder 120 with a second set of openings in said rotor 122 to form a second flow communication mode; and (e) a third of said positions aligning said openings 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137 in said cylinder 120 with a third set of openings in said rotor 122 to form a third flow communication mode.
22. The control valve of claim 21 wherein said first flow connection mode is formed by connecting an outlet for said coolant jacket 18 and an outlet for said turbo charger 19 to an inlet for said radiator 22, connecting an outlet for said oil subcooler 46 to and inlet for said oil cooler 32, and connecting an outlet for said intercooler subcooler 24 to an inlet for said intercooler 28 inlet.
23. The control valve of claim 21 wherein said second flow connection mode is formed by connecting an outlet for said coolant jacket 18 and said turbo charger 19 outlet to said radiator 22 inlet, said oil cooler 32 inlet, and said intercooler 28 inlet, connecting said oil subcooler 46 outlet to said coolant tank 16 inlet, and connecting said intercooler subcooler 24 outlet to said coolant tank 16 inlet.
24. The control valve of claim 21 wherein said third flow connection mode is formed by connecting said coolant jacket 18 outlet and said turbo charger 19 outlet to said intercooler inlet 28, said oil cooler 32 inlet, and said coolant tank 16 inlet, connecting said radiator 22 input to said coolant tank 16 inlet, connecting oil subcooler 46 outlet to said coolant tank 16 inlet, and connecting said intercooler subcooler 24 outlet to said coolant tank 16 inlet.
25. A method for controlling cooling of an internal combustion engine for a locomotive or off highway vehicle having a number of engine components receiving and discharging engine coolant via a single control valve assembly 74, 83 having a plurality of flow connection modes, the method comprising:
(a) providing fluid flow connections between said engine and a cooling system comprising a coolant storage tank 16, a coolant pump 12, a radiator 22, and an intercooler 28;
(b) connecting said control valve 74, 83 into said fluid flow connections to selectively open and block flow through the connections;
(c) flowing a coolant from said cooling tank 16 to a liquid coolant jacket 18 of said engine;
(d) flowing said coolant from said coolant jacket 18 to a rotary valve assembly 74, 83;
(e) determining the relationship between an engine temperature operating range and the fluid flow connection mode of said valve assembly 74, 83;
(f) sensing the temperature of the engine; and (g) configuring said valve assembly 74, 83 to the selected fluid flow connection mode for controlling the cooling said engine.
26. The method of claim 25 wherein said engine further comprises a liquid cooled turbo charger 19 and said cooling system further comprises an intercooler subcooler 24, a Tube oil cooler 32 and a lube oil subcooler 46.
27. The method of claim 25 wherein determining a temperature control operating mode further comprises selecting a mode that flows said coolant through said rotary valve assembly 74, 83 to said radiator 22 when heat rejection requirements are greatest.
28. The method of claim 25 wherein determining a temperature control operating mode further comprises selecting a mode that minimizes a risk of damage to said engine during operation.
29. The method of claim 25 wherein determining a temperature control operating mode further comprises selecting a mode that is a cost effective operating mode.
CA 2405444 2001-10-01 2002-09-26 Unified rotary flow control valve for internal combustion engine cooling system Expired - Fee Related CA2405444C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/968,648 US6647934B2 (en) 2001-10-01 2001-10-01 Unified rotary flow control valve for internal combustion engine cooling system
US09/968,648 2001-10-01

Publications (2)

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CA2405444A1 true CA2405444A1 (en) 2003-04-01
CA2405444C CA2405444C (en) 2010-04-06

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US (1) US6647934B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2405444C (en)
MX (1) MXPA02009675A (en)

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