CA2397456A1 - Fuel composition - Google Patents
Fuel composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2397456A1 CA2397456A1 CA002397456A CA2397456A CA2397456A1 CA 2397456 A1 CA2397456 A1 CA 2397456A1 CA 002397456 A CA002397456 A CA 002397456A CA 2397456 A CA2397456 A CA 2397456A CA 2397456 A1 CA2397456 A1 CA 2397456A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- composition according
- isobutylene
- ene
- trimethylpent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
This invention relates to a fuel composition comprising a base fuel having a final boiling point above 150 ~C and an anti-foam, characterised in that the anti-foam comprises di-isobutylene in an amount greater than 2.5 % by volume based on the total fuel composition. The addition of this anti-foam reduces the break-up time for any foam formed significantly.
Description
FUEL COMPOSITION
This invention relates to fuel compositions comprising an anti-foam additive to reduce the time needed to break up any foam formation during the filling of a vehicle's fuel tank thereby enabling a more complete filling of the tank and at the same time reducing risk of spillage.
The problem of foaming of fuels due to entrainment of air during filling of fuel tanks of vehicles is well known. The problem has hitherto been mitigated by adding to the fuel antifoams which are substantially non-hydrocarbonaceous. An example of such a non-hydrocarbonaceous additive is a silicon containing polymer. Non-hydrocarbonaceous additives usually have to undergo a rigorous testing programme with respect to their compatibility with the fuel and also environmental considerations. However, if the additive is a hydrocarbon, especially a non-aromatic hydrocarbon, the issues of compatibility and environmental considerations are not as critical. JP-A-08073870 discloses gasoline compositions for two-cycle engines which contain at least 10 vol % 7-8C
olefinic hydrocarbons and have a TSO of 93-105°C, a final distillation temperature of 110-150°C and an octane No. by the motor method of at least 95. Amongst the 11 olefins listed is mentioned 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene. However, it is not clear whether these olefins are used as a blend of several. In any event, the olefins are not used as anti-foaming agents but to achieve high output and low fuel consumption and to avoid seizure even at high compression ratios. Moreover, gasoline used in two-cycle engines (ie two-stroke engines) inevitably have lubricating oils admixed therewith and hence are not as susceptible to foaming as gasolines free of such lubricating oils.
Similarly, SAE Paper 950740 describes various compounds being added to a mixture of toluene (boiling point about 110°C) and isooctane (boiling point 99°C) to monitor the emissions of vehicles powered therewith. One such compound added is di-isobutylene in an amount > 15% by volume. The resultant mixture is unlikely to have a final boiling point above 150°C and there is no mention of the use of di-isobutylene as an anti-foam in this document.
Similarly, JP-A-06200263 describes a composition which contains at least 65%
by volume based on the total base fuel of a high boiling component with a boiling point from 80-120°C which uses 7-8C paraffin type or olefin type hydrocarbon. The abstract of this patent makes no mention of any other base fuels or specific olefins in this range and there is no mention of any of such olefins as anti-foaming agents.
This invention relates to fuel compositions comprising an anti-foam additive to reduce the time needed to break up any foam formation during the filling of a vehicle's fuel tank thereby enabling a more complete filling of the tank and at the same time reducing risk of spillage.
The problem of foaming of fuels due to entrainment of air during filling of fuel tanks of vehicles is well known. The problem has hitherto been mitigated by adding to the fuel antifoams which are substantially non-hydrocarbonaceous. An example of such a non-hydrocarbonaceous additive is a silicon containing polymer. Non-hydrocarbonaceous additives usually have to undergo a rigorous testing programme with respect to their compatibility with the fuel and also environmental considerations. However, if the additive is a hydrocarbon, especially a non-aromatic hydrocarbon, the issues of compatibility and environmental considerations are not as critical. JP-A-08073870 discloses gasoline compositions for two-cycle engines which contain at least 10 vol % 7-8C
olefinic hydrocarbons and have a TSO of 93-105°C, a final distillation temperature of 110-150°C and an octane No. by the motor method of at least 95. Amongst the 11 olefins listed is mentioned 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene. However, it is not clear whether these olefins are used as a blend of several. In any event, the olefins are not used as anti-foaming agents but to achieve high output and low fuel consumption and to avoid seizure even at high compression ratios. Moreover, gasoline used in two-cycle engines (ie two-stroke engines) inevitably have lubricating oils admixed therewith and hence are not as susceptible to foaming as gasolines free of such lubricating oils.
Similarly, SAE Paper 950740 describes various compounds being added to a mixture of toluene (boiling point about 110°C) and isooctane (boiling point 99°C) to monitor the emissions of vehicles powered therewith. One such compound added is di-isobutylene in an amount > 15% by volume. The resultant mixture is unlikely to have a final boiling point above 150°C and there is no mention of the use of di-isobutylene as an anti-foam in this document.
Similarly, JP-A-06200263 describes a composition which contains at least 65%
by volume based on the total base fuel of a high boiling component with a boiling point from 80-120°C which uses 7-8C paraffin type or olefin type hydrocarbon. The abstract of this patent makes no mention of any other base fuels or specific olefins in this range and there is no mention of any of such olefins as anti-foaming agents.
Again WO 99/49003 discloses gasoline formulations which contain inter alia at least 5% volume of saturated C~/Cg branched chain hydrocarbons. In any event, there is no mention of the use of these as anti-foaming agents.
It is an object of the present invention to formulate a fuel compositions comprising an anti-foam which is an unsaturated, non-aromatic hydrocarbon capable of reducing the break-up time to disperse such any foams formed.
Accordingly, the present invention is a fuel composition comprising a base fuel having a final boiling point greater than 150°C and an anti-foam, characterised in that the anti-foam comprising di-isobutylene in an amount greater than 2.5 % by volume based on the total fuel composition.
The base fuels may comprise mixtures of saturated, olefinic and aromatic hydrocarbons and these can be derived from straight run streams, thermally or catalytically cracked hydrocarbon feedstocks, hydrocracked petroleum fractions, catalytically reformed hydrocarbons, or synthetically produced hydrocarbon mixtures. The present invention is particularly applicable to a broad range of petroleum fuels from the light boiling gasoline (which typically boils between 50 and 200°C) to distillate fuel (which typically boils between 150 and 400°C). The most common distillate fuels suitable for use in the present invention as base fuels are selected from motor gasoline, kerosene and diesel fuels. The sulphur content of the base fuel is suitably less than 100 ppm by weight, is preferably less than 50 ppm by weight and more preferably less than 30 ppm by weight. Such low sulphur levels can be achieved in a number of ways. For instance, this may be achieved by well known methods such as eg, catalytic hydrodesulphurisation.
Di-isobutylene used as an anti-foam in the fuel compositions of the present invention is present in said composition in an amount greater than 2.5% by volume, suitably from 2.5% to 35% by volume, preferably 5.0 % to less than 15% by volume and is more preferably present in an amount from 7.5 to less than 15% by volume of the total fuel composition. Di-isobutylene can readily be obtained by dimerisation of isobutylene. It is generally prepared from a crude mixture of olefins and usually comprises a mixture of various C8-olefin isomers but always comprises 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene admixed with 2,4,4-trimethylpente-2-ene. These two isomers are suitably present in the di-isobutylene in a weight ratio of about 75% (-1-ene) to about 25% (-2-ene).
Di-isobutylene has an advantage over other non-hydrocarbonaceous anti-foams such as silicon based polymers in that di-isobutylene is substantially miscible with conventional i~VO 01/60955 PCT/US01/09792 fuels in all proportions. Di-isobutylene has the further advantage that current plants making methyl tert-butyl ether (hereafter "MTBE") from isobutylene and methanol (MTBE
having more recently fallen out of favour upon environmental considerations), can be readily switched to convert the same isobutylene feedstock to di-isobutylene.
Furthermore, di-isobutylene can readily make up the additional component volume to replace the MTBE
used hitherto in automotive fuel component pool.
It has also been found that the reduction in break-up time for foams formed is not due to a dilution effect of di-isobutylene. Test results show that addition of up to 2.5% by volume of di-isobutylene in the fuel did not show any reduction in the foam break-up time of the fuel tested.
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the following Examples:
Tests were carned out in which di-isobutylene (a mixture of 3 parts 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene and 1 part 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-ene) was added to varying quantities to a distillate fuel which was susceptible to foam formation. The resultant admixture was tested in the BNPe Anti-Foam test (French Standard Test NF M 07-075) and the results obtained are shown in Table 1 below:
Blend Fuel DIB DIB Foam Mean Break-up Mean ml ml % Vol Value Time Value (ml) seconds 1 300 0 0 126 124 125 79.2 82.5 80.9 2 292.5 7.5 2.5 130 128 129 79.7 81 80.4 3 285 15 5 13_0__132 131 62.3 66.9 64.6 4 270 30 10 ~ 142 ~ 140 141 51.9 49.6 50.8 I I
DIB - Di-isobutylene (a mixture of 3 parts 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene and 1 part 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-ene)
It is an object of the present invention to formulate a fuel compositions comprising an anti-foam which is an unsaturated, non-aromatic hydrocarbon capable of reducing the break-up time to disperse such any foams formed.
Accordingly, the present invention is a fuel composition comprising a base fuel having a final boiling point greater than 150°C and an anti-foam, characterised in that the anti-foam comprising di-isobutylene in an amount greater than 2.5 % by volume based on the total fuel composition.
The base fuels may comprise mixtures of saturated, olefinic and aromatic hydrocarbons and these can be derived from straight run streams, thermally or catalytically cracked hydrocarbon feedstocks, hydrocracked petroleum fractions, catalytically reformed hydrocarbons, or synthetically produced hydrocarbon mixtures. The present invention is particularly applicable to a broad range of petroleum fuels from the light boiling gasoline (which typically boils between 50 and 200°C) to distillate fuel (which typically boils between 150 and 400°C). The most common distillate fuels suitable for use in the present invention as base fuels are selected from motor gasoline, kerosene and diesel fuels. The sulphur content of the base fuel is suitably less than 100 ppm by weight, is preferably less than 50 ppm by weight and more preferably less than 30 ppm by weight. Such low sulphur levels can be achieved in a number of ways. For instance, this may be achieved by well known methods such as eg, catalytic hydrodesulphurisation.
Di-isobutylene used as an anti-foam in the fuel compositions of the present invention is present in said composition in an amount greater than 2.5% by volume, suitably from 2.5% to 35% by volume, preferably 5.0 % to less than 15% by volume and is more preferably present in an amount from 7.5 to less than 15% by volume of the total fuel composition. Di-isobutylene can readily be obtained by dimerisation of isobutylene. It is generally prepared from a crude mixture of olefins and usually comprises a mixture of various C8-olefin isomers but always comprises 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene admixed with 2,4,4-trimethylpente-2-ene. These two isomers are suitably present in the di-isobutylene in a weight ratio of about 75% (-1-ene) to about 25% (-2-ene).
Di-isobutylene has an advantage over other non-hydrocarbonaceous anti-foams such as silicon based polymers in that di-isobutylene is substantially miscible with conventional i~VO 01/60955 PCT/US01/09792 fuels in all proportions. Di-isobutylene has the further advantage that current plants making methyl tert-butyl ether (hereafter "MTBE") from isobutylene and methanol (MTBE
having more recently fallen out of favour upon environmental considerations), can be readily switched to convert the same isobutylene feedstock to di-isobutylene.
Furthermore, di-isobutylene can readily make up the additional component volume to replace the MTBE
used hitherto in automotive fuel component pool.
It has also been found that the reduction in break-up time for foams formed is not due to a dilution effect of di-isobutylene. Test results show that addition of up to 2.5% by volume of di-isobutylene in the fuel did not show any reduction in the foam break-up time of the fuel tested.
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the following Examples:
Tests were carned out in which di-isobutylene (a mixture of 3 parts 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene and 1 part 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-ene) was added to varying quantities to a distillate fuel which was susceptible to foam formation. The resultant admixture was tested in the BNPe Anti-Foam test (French Standard Test NF M 07-075) and the results obtained are shown in Table 1 below:
Blend Fuel DIB DIB Foam Mean Break-up Mean ml ml % Vol Value Time Value (ml) seconds 1 300 0 0 126 124 125 79.2 82.5 80.9 2 292.5 7.5 2.5 130 128 129 79.7 81 80.4 3 285 15 5 13_0__132 131 62.3 66.9 64.6 4 270 30 10 ~ 142 ~ 140 141 51.9 49.6 50.8 I I
DIB - Di-isobutylene (a mixture of 3 parts 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene and 1 part 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-ene)
Claims (10)
Claims:
1. A fuel composition comprising a base fuel having a final boiling point greater than 150°C and an anti-foam, characterised in that the anti-foam comprises di-isobutylene in an amount greater than 2.5 % by volume based on the total fuel composition.
2. A composition according to Claim 1 wherein the base fuels comprises mixtures of saturated, olefinic and aromatic hydrocarbons derivable from straight run streams, thermally or catalytically cracked hydrocarbon feedstocks, hydrocracked petroleum fractions, catalytically reformed hydrocarbons, or synthetically produced hydrocarbon mixtures.
3. A composition according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein the base fuel is a petroleum fuels having a boiling range from gasoline (which typically boils in the range from 50 and 200°C with a final boiling point > 150°C ) to distillate fuel (which typically boils between 150 and 400°C).
4. A composition according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein the base fuel is a common distillate fuel selected from motor gasoline, kerosene and diesel fuels.
5. A composition according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein the base fuel has a sulphur content of less than 100 ppm by weight.
6. A composition according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein the base fuel has a sulphur content of less than 50 ppm by weight.
7. A composition according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein the di-isobutylene comprises a mixture of 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene and 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-ene.
8. A composition according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein the di-isobutylene comprises a mixture of 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene and 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-ene in a ratio of 75% to 25% by weight.
9. A composition according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein di-isobutylene is used in an amount from 2.5 - 35 % by volume.
10. A composition according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein di-isobutylene is used in an amount from 5 to less than 15% by volume of the total fuel composition.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0003386A GB2359094A (en) | 2000-02-14 | 2000-02-14 | Anti-foam fuel composition |
| GB0003386.0 | 2000-02-14 | ||
| PCT/US2001/009792 WO2001060955A1 (en) | 2000-02-14 | 2001-02-08 | Fuel composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2397456A1 true CA2397456A1 (en) | 2001-08-23 |
Family
ID=9885576
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002397456A Abandoned CA2397456A1 (en) | 2000-02-14 | 2001-02-08 | Fuel composition |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1274818B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5102421B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE328052T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2397456A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60120146T2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2359094A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001060955A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030094397A1 (en) * | 2001-08-15 | 2003-05-22 | Fortum Oyj | Clean-burning MTBE-free gasoline fuel |
| BRPI0414040A (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2006-10-24 | Shell Int Research | use of a fuel derived from fischer-tropsch, and, fuel composition |
| ATE538193T1 (en) | 2003-09-03 | 2012-01-15 | Shell Int Research | FUEL COMPOSITIONS |
| US7662757B2 (en) * | 2006-06-27 | 2010-02-16 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Stable defoamant composition containing GTL fluid and/or hydrodewaxate and/or hydroisomerized/catalytic (and/or solvent) dewaxed fluid as diluent |
| JP5153146B2 (en) * | 2007-01-22 | 2013-02-27 | コスモ石油株式会社 | Gasoline composition |
| JP5153147B2 (en) * | 2007-01-22 | 2013-02-27 | コスモ石油株式会社 | Gasoline composition |
| JP2009132900A (en) * | 2007-11-01 | 2009-06-18 | Japan Energy Corp | Low sulfur fuel oil composition with good anti-foaming property |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS649293A (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-12 | Nippon Oil Co Ltd | Clear gasoline |
| JPH05103995A (en) * | 1991-10-17 | 1993-04-27 | Maruzen Petrochem Co Ltd | Catalyst for disproportionating olefin and olefin disproportionation method using the same |
| JPH0873870A (en) * | 1994-09-05 | 1996-03-19 | Tonen Corp | Gasoline composition for two-cycle engine |
| JPH08109385A (en) * | 1994-10-12 | 1996-04-30 | Jiyomo Technical Res Center:Kk | Gasoline |
| JPH09157673A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1997-06-17 | Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc | Polyol ester and its production |
-
2000
- 2000-02-14 GB GB0003386A patent/GB2359094A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-02-08 DE DE60120146T patent/DE60120146T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-08 CA CA002397456A patent/CA2397456A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-08 WO PCT/US2001/009792 patent/WO2001060955A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-02-08 AT AT01920806T patent/ATE328052T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-02-08 JP JP2001560327A patent/JP5102421B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-02-08 EP EP01920806A patent/EP1274818B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2001060955A1 (en) | 2001-08-23 |
| DE60120146T2 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
| JP2003523453A (en) | 2003-08-05 |
| DE60120146D1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
| GB2359094A (en) | 2001-08-15 |
| JP5102421B2 (en) | 2012-12-19 |
| EP1274818B1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
| EP1274818A1 (en) | 2003-01-15 |
| GB0003386D0 (en) | 2000-04-05 |
| ATE328052T1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2397579C (en) | Method of reducing the vapour pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines | |
| US7557255B2 (en) | Method and an unleaded low emission gasoline for fueling an automotive engine with reduced emissions | |
| US6767372B2 (en) | Aviation gasoline containing reduced amounts of tetraethyl lead | |
| US6451075B1 (en) | Low lead aviation gasoline blend | |
| JP4450618B2 (en) | Ethanol-containing gasoline | |
| AU2002305324A1 (en) | Method and an unleaded low emission gasoline for fuelling an automotive engine with reduced emissions | |
| US6979395B2 (en) | Fuel composition | |
| EP1274818B1 (en) | Use of di-isobutylene in a fuel composition | |
| EP1287095B1 (en) | Gasoline-oxygenate blend | |
| JP4624143B2 (en) | Ethanol blended gasoline | |
| JP2006249309A (en) | Ethanol-formulated gasoline | |
| US4392868A (en) | Gasoline fuel extender formulation | |
| JP3797503B2 (en) | Fuel oil for gasoline engines | |
| US8895789B2 (en) | Fuel composition for use in gasoline engines | |
| JP2005187519A (en) | Ethanol-containing gasoline | |
| JP4801342B2 (en) | Gasoline composition, method for producing gasoline base material, and method for producing gasoline composition | |
| CA2416100C (en) | Low lead aviation gasoline blend | |
| AU2009324307B2 (en) | Fuel composition for use in gasoline engines | |
| AU2009324304B2 (en) | Fuel composition for use in gasoline engines | |
| US20110301391A1 (en) | Fuel composition for use in gasoline engines | |
| JPH05271673A (en) | Gasoline composition |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |