CA2365443C - Raster generation system and method of processing raster data - Google Patents
Raster generation system and method of processing raster data Download PDFInfo
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- CA2365443C CA2365443C CA002365443A CA2365443A CA2365443C CA 2365443 C CA2365443 C CA 2365443C CA 002365443 A CA002365443 A CA 002365443A CA 2365443 A CA2365443 A CA 2365443A CA 2365443 C CA2365443 C CA 2365443C
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- raster
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- column
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K15/00—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers
- G06K15/02—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K15/00—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers
- G06K15/02—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers
- G06K15/18—Conditioning data for presenting it to the physical printing elements
- G06K15/1848—Generation of the printable image
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Record Information Processing For Printing (AREA)
- Image Input (AREA)
Abstract
A raster generation system for a printing machine with an image-setting unit (15) is known, which system has at least one raster processor (5) for generating raster data from raw image data and a memory (7) for the raster data. In order to be able to implement a high operating speed of the raster generation system, in spite of the use of simple components, provision is made for the memory to be formed by a raster memory (7) with random access, and for the raster processor (5) to store the raster data column by column in the raster memory (7).
Description
Pudra 09.02.01 Raster generation system and method of processing raster data The present invention relates to a raster generation system according to the preamble of patent claim 1, and to a corresponding method of processing raster data.
An arrangement of this generic type is disclosed for example by DE 195 06 425. The raster data are generated on a raster data generator (RIP), coupled to the printing machine via a network or with a raster processor and either fed directly to the image-setting unit via the network or copied to a mass memory in the printing machine (download) and further processed locally. The raster data are generated from raw data and written to a mass memory with sequential access. The action of reading the raster data back for use in the image-setting unit can therefore also be carried out only sequentially. The raster storage, the transfer and the preparation of the raster data for output to the image-setting electronics require large and fast media and high computing power in order to provide the data reliably at the necessary speed. The previously known solutions are therefore complicated.
The mass stores used are, for example, RAID controllers, which operate a number of fast hard disks in parallel and therefore improve the throughput of data during the storage and reading of the raster data. In this case, the processing of the raster data can only begin after storage and transfer have been carried out. The raster data are generated line by line and written to the mass memory line by line and, before the image-setting operation, are read out again column by column or in the FastScan direction, since the known image-setting systems operate, without exception, with column orientation. In this case, the action of reading out lasts significantly longer than writing the data line by line, since the read pointer of the storage medium has to be repositioned continually. The sequential access to the raster memory therefore prevents the immediate conversion of the raster data into a format suitable for the image-setting electronics.
Also disadvantageous in the prior art is the fact that the bandwidth of the network used for the data transfer influences the time which is needed to transport the data to the location at which the processing is carried out. Fast networks for the transfer of the data are expensive, however, and special cabling is required.
In addition, it is disadvantageous in the prior art that the interface between the raster data generator (RIP) and the image-setting unit depends to a great extent on its mode of operation. The preparation of the raster data by software in the physical, column-oriented format which is needed by the image-setting electronics is known. According to this, the output to the image-setting electronics is carried out by the software writing the raster data directly into an output module (FIFO). The software has to carry out this process for each output channel of the image-setting unit, until the image-setting operation has been completed. For this purpose, the software has to re-sort the raster data, as described above, in order to obtain the sequence of the data required by the image-setting electronics. This sorting is complicated and, in particular, depends on the number of output channels (e.g. laser diodes) used, and also on the physical movement of the channels or of the image-setting head. In addition during the image-setting process, the CPU of the raster processor responsible for the data transfer is utilized to a very great extent because of the high data throughput, the continual calculation of the position of the next item of data and the monitoring of the buffer status and, in spite of the great speed, can be used only to a limited extent for other tasks which run in parallel. In addition, the output buffers (FIFO) must be sufficiently large to make it possible to avoid data gaps during the data transfer.
An arrangement of this generic type is disclosed for example by DE 195 06 425. The raster data are generated on a raster data generator (RIP), coupled to the printing machine via a network or with a raster processor and either fed directly to the image-setting unit via the network or copied to a mass memory in the printing machine (download) and further processed locally. The raster data are generated from raw data and written to a mass memory with sequential access. The action of reading the raster data back for use in the image-setting unit can therefore also be carried out only sequentially. The raster storage, the transfer and the preparation of the raster data for output to the image-setting electronics require large and fast media and high computing power in order to provide the data reliably at the necessary speed. The previously known solutions are therefore complicated.
The mass stores used are, for example, RAID controllers, which operate a number of fast hard disks in parallel and therefore improve the throughput of data during the storage and reading of the raster data. In this case, the processing of the raster data can only begin after storage and transfer have been carried out. The raster data are generated line by line and written to the mass memory line by line and, before the image-setting operation, are read out again column by column or in the FastScan direction, since the known image-setting systems operate, without exception, with column orientation. In this case, the action of reading out lasts significantly longer than writing the data line by line, since the read pointer of the storage medium has to be repositioned continually. The sequential access to the raster memory therefore prevents the immediate conversion of the raster data into a format suitable for the image-setting electronics.
Also disadvantageous in the prior art is the fact that the bandwidth of the network used for the data transfer influences the time which is needed to transport the data to the location at which the processing is carried out. Fast networks for the transfer of the data are expensive, however, and special cabling is required.
In addition, it is disadvantageous in the prior art that the interface between the raster data generator (RIP) and the image-setting unit depends to a great extent on its mode of operation. The preparation of the raster data by software in the physical, column-oriented format which is needed by the image-setting electronics is known. According to this, the output to the image-setting electronics is carried out by the software writing the raster data directly into an output module (FIFO). The software has to carry out this process for each output channel of the image-setting unit, until the image-setting operation has been completed. For this purpose, the software has to re-sort the raster data, as described above, in order to obtain the sequence of the data required by the image-setting electronics. This sorting is complicated and, in particular, depends on the number of output channels (e.g. laser diodes) used, and also on the physical movement of the channels or of the image-setting head. In addition during the image-setting process, the CPU of the raster processor responsible for the data transfer is utilized to a very great extent because of the high data throughput, the continual calculation of the position of the next item of data and the monitoring of the buffer status and, in spite of the great speed, can be used only to a limited extent for other tasks which run in parallel. In addition, the output buffers (FIFO) must be sufficiently large to make it possible to avoid data gaps during the data transfer.
In addition, EP 0 566 696 B1 discloses an apparatus for image generation, the printing area being arranged on a rotatable cylinder. Firstly, image information in digital form is transferred to the computer of the apparatus via a magnetic disk, for example, and is passed on to the downstream control unit by said computer. In order to be able to change the circumferential spacing between successive printed dots on the printing area, correction data for the raster data are stored in a memory with random access (RAM).
It is an object of the present invention to provide a generic raster generation system which implements a high operating speed with simple components.
According to the invention, this is achieved in a raster generation system having the features of patent claim 1. The invention expands the prior art by the capability of storing the generated raster data in a raster memory with random access in such a way that no further data preparation by the image-setting electronics is necessary. The raster data are generated line by line and are stored column by column, already rotated through 90 , in the FastScan format. It is not necessary to position the read/write pointer, since there is random access. The image-setting operation can be carried out immediately after the raster process has been completed, without additional preparation of the data. In this case, it is possible to dispense with mechanically moved parts, such as are common in a hard disk used as a memory, to dispense with expensive special components such as the RAID controller, or to dispense with a very fast network for the data transfer.
Provision can advantageously be made for the raster generation system to have a DMA controller, which controls the transfer of the raster data from the raster memory to the image-setting unit. Transferring the raster data by means of the DMA
controller instead of by means of the CPU of the raster processor is accompanied by numerous advantages. Firstly, the loading on the CPU of the raster processor during the image-setting process is low according to the invention, since no complicated calculations are necessary, and the transfer is carried out in the background by means of the DMA controller, independently of the CPU. In addition, the flexibility of the system is enhanced, since the number of channels of the image-setting unit or laser diodes, and the mode of operation of the image-setting head have only small effects on the image-setting software or, according to the invention, is independent of the process of preparing the raster data in the raster memory. The image-setting electronics can therefore be replaced by a different type without the software having to be changed. The speed of the DMA-controlled data transfer is higher than in the CPU-controlled transfer, which means that higher data rates can be achieved. The size of the output buffer (FIFO) can be reduced accordingly, as a result of the lower latency times which result.
In order to simplify the raster generation system and to enhance its flexibility further, provision is made for the raster memory and the raster processor CPU to be arranged on a first plug-in interface board, and for the DMA controller and the buffer memory to be arranged on a second plug-in interface board, it being possible for the two boards to be connected to each other via a standard bus.
In the following text, an exemplary embodiment of the raster generation system according to the invention and of the method according to the invention for processing raster data are described using schematic illustrations, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of the raster generation system, Fig. 2 shows the raster data stored in the R.AM raster memory, Fig. 3 shows a block diagram of the components essential for reading out the raster data, Fig. 4 shows a flowchart of the fundamental sequence of the data transfer, and Fig. 5 shows a flowchart of the sequence of the data transfer controlled by the DMA controller.
The raster generation system shown in Fig. 1 comprises a preprocessing unit 1, which is connected via a network 3 to a raster processor 5 (RIP) for processing the raster data, also a raster memory 7 with random access (RAM) for the raster data, and a DMA controller 9 for controlling the output of the raster data to buffer memory 11, which is connected to image-setting electronics 13 belonging to an image-setting unit having numerous laser diodes 15. In this case, the raster processor 5 with its CPU and the RAM raster memory 7 are arranged on a first plug-in interface board 15 and are connected via a standard bus, for example a compact PCI or VME
system, to a second plug-in interface board 17. Arranged on the latter are the DMA controller 9, the buffer memory 11 and, if appropriate, the image-setting electronics 13 or laser drive system.
The preprocessing unit 1 processes raw image data recorded in a current electronic format, such as, for example, a PDF
format. The preprocessing unit 1 converts this raw image data which, for each point in the image to be printed, specifies the tonal value of the various printing inks. The raw image data are broken down into a plurality of part-images, each of which corresponds to one printing ink. In addition, inter alia information about the inks to be used in the print, the printing material and the printing plate material are taken into account. The preprocessing unit 1 passes on the data lists precalibrated on the basis of calibration data sets, via a network 3, to one of a plurality of raster processors 5 in each case, each of which is permanently associated with the image-setting unit, comprising a large number of laser diodes 15, in order to output the part-image raster data.
Alternatively, provision can also be made for only a single raster processor 5 to be provided for the image-setting unit 15, but the data transfer is slowed accordingly (illustrated in Fig. 1 for reasons of simplification).
Arranged on the first plug-in board 17, in addition to the raster processor or the CPU 5, is the raster memory 7, having a size of, for example, 200 Mbytes. The raster data is initially generated line by line (Z1..Zm) as raw data, transferred to the preprocessing unit 1 and processed, then further processed by the raster processor 5 to form raster data and finally stored column by column (S1..Sn) in the FastScan format in the raster memory (7) (Fig. 2). As a result of being stored column by column, the column data is already located at successive addresses and can therefore be read out and output very quickly by the image-setting electronics 13 or with external hardware. No further preparation of the raster data by the image-setting electronics 13 is necessary. As a result, the image-setting operation, which assumes a column-by-column orientation of the raster data, can be carried out immediately after the raster process has been completed.
According to the invention the raster data generated is therefore generated directly in the RAM raster memory 7, and is also left there. The step of downloading the raster data from the raster processor 5 to the printing machine having the image-setting unit is dispensed with. The data stream for the diodes 15 or the corresponding buffer memories 11 can be generated directly from the raster memory 7. Since the raster process can make direct access to all the raster data already generated, and since this data does not have to be written sequentially to a medium, the generation of any desired output formats is easily possible. The image-setting operation can be carried out directly after the generation of the raster data, and the maximum speed is limited by the image-setting electronics 13 used.
The direct flow of the raster data to the image-setting unit 15, without intermediate stages or conversion by the raster processor (RIP) 5, permits the use of the first plug-in interface board 17 as a universal unit on any desired printing machines. The data format rotated through 90 and the random access to the fast RAM raster memory 7 permit linking with various image-setting units without any complicated changing of the format.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a generic raster generation system which implements a high operating speed with simple components.
According to the invention, this is achieved in a raster generation system having the features of patent claim 1. The invention expands the prior art by the capability of storing the generated raster data in a raster memory with random access in such a way that no further data preparation by the image-setting electronics is necessary. The raster data are generated line by line and are stored column by column, already rotated through 90 , in the FastScan format. It is not necessary to position the read/write pointer, since there is random access. The image-setting operation can be carried out immediately after the raster process has been completed, without additional preparation of the data. In this case, it is possible to dispense with mechanically moved parts, such as are common in a hard disk used as a memory, to dispense with expensive special components such as the RAID controller, or to dispense with a very fast network for the data transfer.
Provision can advantageously be made for the raster generation system to have a DMA controller, which controls the transfer of the raster data from the raster memory to the image-setting unit. Transferring the raster data by means of the DMA
controller instead of by means of the CPU of the raster processor is accompanied by numerous advantages. Firstly, the loading on the CPU of the raster processor during the image-setting process is low according to the invention, since no complicated calculations are necessary, and the transfer is carried out in the background by means of the DMA controller, independently of the CPU. In addition, the flexibility of the system is enhanced, since the number of channels of the image-setting unit or laser diodes, and the mode of operation of the image-setting head have only small effects on the image-setting software or, according to the invention, is independent of the process of preparing the raster data in the raster memory. The image-setting electronics can therefore be replaced by a different type without the software having to be changed. The speed of the DMA-controlled data transfer is higher than in the CPU-controlled transfer, which means that higher data rates can be achieved. The size of the output buffer (FIFO) can be reduced accordingly, as a result of the lower latency times which result.
In order to simplify the raster generation system and to enhance its flexibility further, provision is made for the raster memory and the raster processor CPU to be arranged on a first plug-in interface board, and for the DMA controller and the buffer memory to be arranged on a second plug-in interface board, it being possible for the two boards to be connected to each other via a standard bus.
In the following text, an exemplary embodiment of the raster generation system according to the invention and of the method according to the invention for processing raster data are described using schematic illustrations, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of the raster generation system, Fig. 2 shows the raster data stored in the R.AM raster memory, Fig. 3 shows a block diagram of the components essential for reading out the raster data, Fig. 4 shows a flowchart of the fundamental sequence of the data transfer, and Fig. 5 shows a flowchart of the sequence of the data transfer controlled by the DMA controller.
The raster generation system shown in Fig. 1 comprises a preprocessing unit 1, which is connected via a network 3 to a raster processor 5 (RIP) for processing the raster data, also a raster memory 7 with random access (RAM) for the raster data, and a DMA controller 9 for controlling the output of the raster data to buffer memory 11, which is connected to image-setting electronics 13 belonging to an image-setting unit having numerous laser diodes 15. In this case, the raster processor 5 with its CPU and the RAM raster memory 7 are arranged on a first plug-in interface board 15 and are connected via a standard bus, for example a compact PCI or VME
system, to a second plug-in interface board 17. Arranged on the latter are the DMA controller 9, the buffer memory 11 and, if appropriate, the image-setting electronics 13 or laser drive system.
The preprocessing unit 1 processes raw image data recorded in a current electronic format, such as, for example, a PDF
format. The preprocessing unit 1 converts this raw image data which, for each point in the image to be printed, specifies the tonal value of the various printing inks. The raw image data are broken down into a plurality of part-images, each of which corresponds to one printing ink. In addition, inter alia information about the inks to be used in the print, the printing material and the printing plate material are taken into account. The preprocessing unit 1 passes on the data lists precalibrated on the basis of calibration data sets, via a network 3, to one of a plurality of raster processors 5 in each case, each of which is permanently associated with the image-setting unit, comprising a large number of laser diodes 15, in order to output the part-image raster data.
Alternatively, provision can also be made for only a single raster processor 5 to be provided for the image-setting unit 15, but the data transfer is slowed accordingly (illustrated in Fig. 1 for reasons of simplification).
Arranged on the first plug-in board 17, in addition to the raster processor or the CPU 5, is the raster memory 7, having a size of, for example, 200 Mbytes. The raster data is initially generated line by line (Z1..Zm) as raw data, transferred to the preprocessing unit 1 and processed, then further processed by the raster processor 5 to form raster data and finally stored column by column (S1..Sn) in the FastScan format in the raster memory (7) (Fig. 2). As a result of being stored column by column, the column data is already located at successive addresses and can therefore be read out and output very quickly by the image-setting electronics 13 or with external hardware. No further preparation of the raster data by the image-setting electronics 13 is necessary. As a result, the image-setting operation, which assumes a column-by-column orientation of the raster data, can be carried out immediately after the raster process has been completed.
According to the invention the raster data generated is therefore generated directly in the RAM raster memory 7, and is also left there. The step of downloading the raster data from the raster processor 5 to the printing machine having the image-setting unit is dispensed with. The data stream for the diodes 15 or the corresponding buffer memories 11 can be generated directly from the raster memory 7. Since the raster process can make direct access to all the raster data already generated, and since this data does not have to be written sequentially to a medium, the generation of any desired output formats is easily possible. The image-setting operation can be carried out directly after the generation of the raster data, and the maximum speed is limited by the image-setting electronics 13 used.
The direct flow of the raster data to the image-setting unit 15, without intermediate stages or conversion by the raster processor (RIP) 5, permits the use of the first plug-in interface board 17 as a universal unit on any desired printing machines. The data format rotated through 90 and the random access to the fast RAM raster memory 7 permit linking with various image-setting units without any complicated changing of the format.
In the arrangement according to Figs 1 and 3, each channel or each laser diode 15 in the image-setting unit reads the required raster data directly from the RAM raster memory 7 via the buffer memory 11 (FIFO). This is carried out with minimum loading of the CPU of the raster processor 5 by means of a direct memory access known per se. The raster data is read from the raster memory 7 by means of the DMA controller 9 and written directly into the corresponding buffer memory 11 of a laser diode 15 of the image-setting unit. For this purpose, the raster data for this channel 15 must be located at successive addresses in the raster memory 7 (Fig. 2). The second plug-in board 19 has, for example, two eight-channel DMA controllers 9, sixteen 1 Kbyte*8 FIFOs 11 and an appropriate logic unit for the sequence counters and the image-setting electronics 13. At the start of the image-setting process, the CPU of the raster processor 5 programs the start address of the column data and the size of said data or the quantity of data to be transported (column length) into the registers of the DMA controllers 9, hands over the address and data bus to the DMA controller 9 and starts the sequence.
The DMA controller 9 reads all the column data automatically and transfers said data into the buffer memory 11. The controller 9 generates read/write cycles in order to read the source data from the raster memory 7 and, at the end of the memory read operation, sends a signal to the buffer memory 11 to indicate that the next item of data can be accepted. In the process, the DMA controller 9 automatically takes account of the current state or filling level of the buffer memory 11, stops the data transfer briefly when the buffer is full and continues the transfer when the buffer is again able to accept raster data. After the transfer has been completed, the CPU of the raster processor 5 is informed by an interrupt and is able to initiate the next transfer for the next column (Figs 4, 5).
The CPU 5 waits for the end of the data transfer and can carry out other activities during this time. It then initiates the next data or column transfer. As a result, the data transfer is implemented with the maximum efficiency but with very low loading on the CPU of the raster processor 5.
The DMA controller 9 reads all the column data automatically and transfers said data into the buffer memory 11. The controller 9 generates read/write cycles in order to read the source data from the raster memory 7 and, at the end of the memory read operation, sends a signal to the buffer memory 11 to indicate that the next item of data can be accepted. In the process, the DMA controller 9 automatically takes account of the current state or filling level of the buffer memory 11, stops the data transfer briefly when the buffer is full and continues the transfer when the buffer is again able to accept raster data. After the transfer has been completed, the CPU of the raster processor 5 is informed by an interrupt and is able to initiate the next transfer for the next column (Figs 4, 5).
The CPU 5 waits for the end of the data transfer and can carry out other activities during this time. It then initiates the next data or column transfer. As a result, the data transfer is implemented with the maximum efficiency but with very low loading on the CPU of the raster processor 5.
List of reference symbols 1 Preprocessing unit 3 Network 5 Raster processor (RIP) 7 Raster memory (RAM) 9 DMA controller 11 Buffer memory (FIFO) 13 Image-setting electronics 15 Laser diodes 17 First plug-in interface board 19 Second plug-in interface board
Claims (7)
1. A raster generation system for a printing machine with an image setting unit, comprising: at least one raster processor for generating raster data from raw image data;
and a memory for storing the raster data while the raster data are being generated by the raster processor, said memory formed by a raster memory with random access, said raster memory and said raster processor being arranged on one common board; said raster processor storing the raster data column by column in said raster memory while the raster data are being generated.
and a memory for storing the raster data while the raster data are being generated by the raster processor, said memory formed by a raster memory with random access, said raster memory and said raster processor being arranged on one common board; said raster processor storing the raster data column by column in said raster memory while the raster data are being generated.
2. The raster generation system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the raster memory and the raster processor are arranged on a first plug-in interface board.
3. The raster generation system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a DMA controller is provided, which controls the transfer of the raster data from the raster memory to the image-setting unit.
4. The raster generation system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the output from the DMA controller is buffered by a buffer memory.
5. The raster generation system as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the DMA controller and the buffer memory are arranged on a second plug-in interface board.
6. A method of processing raster data for an image-setting unit of a printing machine, having the steps:
(a) generating raster data line by line from raw image data, (b) storing the raster data column by column in a raster memory with random access, (c) reading the raster data out column by column into the image-setting unit.
(a) generating raster data line by line from raw image data, (b) storing the raster data column by column in a raster memory with random access, (c) reading the raster data out column by column into the image-setting unit.
7. A method of processing raster data for an image setting unit of a printing machine, which comprises: generating raster data line by line from raw image data; storing the raster data column by column in a raster memory with random access while being generated by a raster processor, the raster memory and the raster processor being arranged on one common board; and reading out the raster data column by column into an image setting unit.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10107047.0 | 2001-02-13 | ||
| DE10107047 | 2001-02-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2365443A1 CA2365443A1 (en) | 2002-08-13 |
| CA2365443C true CA2365443C (en) | 2008-12-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002365443A Expired - Fee Related CA2365443C (en) | 2001-02-13 | 2001-12-17 | Raster generation system and method of processing raster data |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4130740B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2365443C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10201998A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL148001A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10360637B4 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2010-10-07 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Program controlled unit |
-
2001
- 2001-12-17 CA CA002365443A patent/CA2365443C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-01-21 DE DE2002101998 patent/DE10201998A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-02-04 IL IL148001A patent/IL148001A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-13 JP JP2002035687A patent/JP4130740B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4130740B2 (en) | 2008-08-06 |
| DE10201998A1 (en) | 2002-08-14 |
| IL148001A0 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
| JP2002358176A (en) | 2002-12-13 |
| CA2365443A1 (en) | 2002-08-13 |
| IL148001A (en) | 2007-09-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |