CA2328859A1 - Method for extracting methane hydrate on the ocean floor - Google Patents
Method for extracting methane hydrate on the ocean floor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2328859A1 CA2328859A1 CA002328859A CA2328859A CA2328859A1 CA 2328859 A1 CA2328859 A1 CA 2328859A1 CA 002328859 A CA002328859 A CA 002328859A CA 2328859 A CA2328859 A CA 2328859A CA 2328859 A1 CA2328859 A1 CA 2328859A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- delivery tube
- methane hydrate
- tube
- marked
- per
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/88—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements acting by a sucking or forcing effect, e.g. suction dredgers
- E02F3/90—Component parts, e.g. arrangement or adaptation of pumps
- E02F3/92—Digging elements, e.g. suction heads
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/0099—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 specially adapted for drilling for or production of natural hydrate or clathrate gas reservoirs; Drilling through or monitoring of formations containing gas hydrates or clathrates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C50/00—Obtaining minerals from underwater, not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for extracting methane hydrate on the ocean floor, wherein a tube that is open on both ends is guided into the area of the methane hydrate and high-pressure air is built up in the lower section of the tube, wherein solid methane hydrate is swept along by the strong flow generated in the tube from the bottom upward and substantially thawed as it passes through the tube from the bottom upward. The resulting methane gas fraction is collected on the top section of the tube and stored in appropriate containers for further use.
Description
v 11:'0': '6d 1~:b5 $ '?1 33 24?5886 L _~ PRVRR y LO 02 v WO ~0/~+7832 Ref : I5-41--Ot~-O1 /IN
PT/DEOOIUO~+12 Process for extraction of methane hydrate on thQ sea bed.
Tho invention refers to a process for extraction of methane hydlcate an the sea bed.
On the sea bed grayish~white lumps exist, the sa called dirty i.ce. '!'his insignificant material con be 5alutian of ull er,~rc,~y ~ixuVlWtls.
It deals with a methane hydrate, a substat,tr~ out ofi water and metltcsne. Under high prrissurn nn~t l.r~w xem~rRrnt;rtrs~ wator molecules have deposited in a solid latice band around gaseous methane mnlec;ules crud have practically encased these.
Whert the structure of this "icegas" is dissolved through heat and/or prcssuxe loss the gop escapes and it is on the other hand as important enexgy carrier correspondingly useful. Methane hydrate is also denoted as frozen methane.
Alone an tire secr Led in arcs of east-and west coast of USA, one estimates the rcsez~ve of 11 billiard m9 methane gas, the eighty thousand tirrre of world wide known natural gas deposits. 'this energy quantity exceeds all, whir.h is known till no~r_ When vnl.y 1'~ of this mathanc~ reserve was mode ncc:essible, the gas resourca$ of USA would ae more than doubled. With it the U.S.A. would cover their gas rQquirement no mare only for &0 years, but already ~khen for RO years.
The problematic nature exists till now in extraction and lifting of this frazc~n gas containing hydrate quantity.
..2.
11:'r~9 ' r~F7 i i : 4J6 $ 91 33 24"~3c:t?~ L fiH~IFR. &. CO 03 The assignment lies therefore at the baser of the invention, to develop an economic process for extraction of solid mothc~no hydrata out of the sea.
'this assignment is salved as per invention through a process as per the faatures of present patrtnt elctim 1.
As per invention, it is proposed, to lift the solid rnerthane hydrate to the surface taking basis of mammoth pump pri.ncfple in pipe lines, which depending on volume of hydrata quantity bQlow an the sea hed scan hnve n di,nmetsrr upto several meters. At the deepest tube position below in area on inlet nozzles ~areferabl.y concentric nozzles can be brought in, which depending an the depth of rnc~thane hydrate JGNosit4~i vn tha saa bad c~ern bo ~mpingod with aompx'oscad uir und~sr a pressure upta sevaxal 100 bore. On g~cound of mammpt~t pump principle, in the tube s~ strong flaw dev,alops from below to upwc~r d, in which local ~.edmathane hydrate lumps frnm surrounding of tube end below an the sea bed are carried aver. There~.n in upward flow of solid mathane hydride us well as tltiat~gh ths3 pressure relief cts also thxou~h the rise of temperature the methane hydrate is melted and thereby gaseous methane i$ released, which .Leads to a further intensification of lifting in delivery tube.
T~h~a melted methane is then callecfied in upper area of delivery tube in corresponding internal chambers and then can be supplied for furthar utili~atian, In addition to compressed air or also in place of Compressed air, far ge~netratian of desired lifting in delivery ~tut~e also a dense medium Liquid with suitable specific density c:an be Applied.
Functi.Gnnlly the dnns~r ntr~rli.unt l.icir.rid aftbr passing of delivery to be can agairt be separated in suitable separating ...3.
_ ~ _ oqu,ifymants vut of sea watar aced in cytla can bo pumped renewed to lower part ofi delivcrxy tube.
Through it, that as per a further feature of process according to invention the cross section of d~rlivery tube from bottom to top ,is expandczd, the additional gas quantity generating through the melting of methane hydrate can be takcsn into considcratian. In addi~ti.on xt Gomos, that through a such measure the flow speed in delivery tube and with it the residence timt3 ref solid methane Inydrate intube can be influenced. As far example, it is possib3.e through it to maintain a constant fil.ow speed in delivery tube.
In a further design of process, it is prUposerJ~ that at trip at averflaw ..f delivery tuba deverlaped cps me~mmt~th pump a ga;~ ac~llecting containor xN pravidcd and a ua~ter~-dense medium--separation is carried out, so that, r~s desi.rt~d the ggs can he c311e ated. Aftar separatic~rr ~ofi water tend dense medium, the d~:nse medium can again be pressed through pumps to downward to inlet of mammoth pump system.
Fvz' c~uir:fc.er hecttxrtc~ of sc~lic! ~nuLW ytYe i'ydf'tita arld with is also for acceleration of mGthAne gas releaso in d~livery tulae, cornprassed air, anchor dense mt~dium-liquid can be ar~ditianally l3oatcrd bs~tore their input as per a further faature of invention.
A farther essential advantage of process cas per inventl.an is to be seen titc:.rcin thryt, st~ou~Ld trw ocac~si.on arise, tiea~in rock contents irf methane hydrate tE'ren, Ugain slump to d~a~.~nward, slowly. fln ground of specifically adjusted flow conditions in tube, when the methane hydrate has melted and the gas has escaped and fill up again partly the free space at sdu bed out of which tho solid methnncz hydrates was extracted.
...4.
i i ~~!?3 ' F?9 1 ~ : ~7 $ 91 33 24 i 5$$Ef L v L?n~..~pR & ~W'J 0'~
a The process is net limited on the appxicatian an tile sea or rather sea bed, but abviausly cc~n also be' input as pex~
invantian on solid ground areas. !Here as for example, it can lee necessary to work with an insulated tube ae~c~ir~~rt coldness and with spcc~.fica~.ly prtpaxad water, in order to extract frozen methane hydrate out o~F several 100 meters depth. In the enclose:d~ draai~rrg-i~ ~-epresen~t-~~dw ;. . . . . _ ..._ with (1) Sea or rather water with (2) Sc~a bed, far axaEaple 800m. deep with (3) t7elivery tuba with approximately 5m. diameter, which widens to up~ws~rds.
with (4) Concentric shaped nozzles which forces the compressed pi.r in the carrying medium.
The compressed stir can be preheated a~ for example as hat air and is again partly aQQled through the expansion. Tho high temperature however contributes to it that the solid methane hydrate molts quicker.
with (5) tZising methane hydrate pebbles.
with (b) Out of rising gas hydrate pebbles x~~l.easing ma~thana.
with (7~ Th~ methane coilectin~ container.
with (8) The water dense medium separation.
with (9) The compressed crir-dense medium mixture.
wa.th(1~) Thc: compressor unit.
with(li) 'The pres~su.re vesEel.
On the sea bed (2) meehanicc~l equiprnonts arQ provided, which .introduce the frozQft ice by means of gripping davic$
tar skimmer at the entry of the tube and transfer inward tc~
tht~ system delivery tube.
CA 02328859 2000-10-13 ,. rj ' Patent claims.
PT/DEOOIUO~+12 Process for extraction of methane hydrate on thQ sea bed.
Tho invention refers to a process for extraction of methane hydlcate an the sea bed.
On the sea bed grayish~white lumps exist, the sa called dirty i.ce. '!'his insignificant material con be 5alutian of ull er,~rc,~y ~ixuVlWtls.
It deals with a methane hydrate, a substat,tr~ out ofi water and metltcsne. Under high prrissurn nn~t l.r~w xem~rRrnt;rtrs~ wator molecules have deposited in a solid latice band around gaseous methane mnlec;ules crud have practically encased these.
Whert the structure of this "icegas" is dissolved through heat and/or prcssuxe loss the gop escapes and it is on the other hand as important enexgy carrier correspondingly useful. Methane hydrate is also denoted as frozen methane.
Alone an tire secr Led in arcs of east-and west coast of USA, one estimates the rcsez~ve of 11 billiard m9 methane gas, the eighty thousand tirrre of world wide known natural gas deposits. 'this energy quantity exceeds all, whir.h is known till no~r_ When vnl.y 1'~ of this mathanc~ reserve was mode ncc:essible, the gas resourca$ of USA would ae more than doubled. With it the U.S.A. would cover their gas rQquirement no mare only for &0 years, but already ~khen for RO years.
The problematic nature exists till now in extraction and lifting of this frazc~n gas containing hydrate quantity.
..2.
11:'r~9 ' r~F7 i i : 4J6 $ 91 33 24"~3c:t?~ L fiH~IFR. &. CO 03 The assignment lies therefore at the baser of the invention, to develop an economic process for extraction of solid mothc~no hydrata out of the sea.
'this assignment is salved as per invention through a process as per the faatures of present patrtnt elctim 1.
As per invention, it is proposed, to lift the solid rnerthane hydrate to the surface taking basis of mammoth pump pri.ncfple in pipe lines, which depending on volume of hydrata quantity bQlow an the sea hed scan hnve n di,nmetsrr upto several meters. At the deepest tube position below in area on inlet nozzles ~areferabl.y concentric nozzles can be brought in, which depending an the depth of rnc~thane hydrate JGNosit4~i vn tha saa bad c~ern bo ~mpingod with aompx'oscad uir und~sr a pressure upta sevaxal 100 bore. On g~cound of mammpt~t pump principle, in the tube s~ strong flaw dev,alops from below to upwc~r d, in which local ~.edmathane hydrate lumps frnm surrounding of tube end below an the sea bed are carried aver. There~.n in upward flow of solid mathane hydride us well as tltiat~gh ths3 pressure relief cts also thxou~h the rise of temperature the methane hydrate is melted and thereby gaseous methane i$ released, which .Leads to a further intensification of lifting in delivery tube.
T~h~a melted methane is then callecfied in upper area of delivery tube in corresponding internal chambers and then can be supplied for furthar utili~atian, In addition to compressed air or also in place of Compressed air, far ge~netratian of desired lifting in delivery ~tut~e also a dense medium Liquid with suitable specific density c:an be Applied.
Functi.Gnnlly the dnns~r ntr~rli.unt l.icir.rid aftbr passing of delivery to be can agairt be separated in suitable separating ...3.
_ ~ _ oqu,ifymants vut of sea watar aced in cytla can bo pumped renewed to lower part ofi delivcrxy tube.
Through it, that as per a further feature of process according to invention the cross section of d~rlivery tube from bottom to top ,is expandczd, the additional gas quantity generating through the melting of methane hydrate can be takcsn into considcratian. In addi~ti.on xt Gomos, that through a such measure the flow speed in delivery tube and with it the residence timt3 ref solid methane Inydrate intube can be influenced. As far example, it is possib3.e through it to maintain a constant fil.ow speed in delivery tube.
In a further design of process, it is prUposerJ~ that at trip at averflaw ..f delivery tuba deverlaped cps me~mmt~th pump a ga;~ ac~llecting containor xN pravidcd and a ua~ter~-dense medium--separation is carried out, so that, r~s desi.rt~d the ggs can he c311e ated. Aftar separatic~rr ~ofi water tend dense medium, the d~:nse medium can again be pressed through pumps to downward to inlet of mammoth pump system.
Fvz' c~uir:fc.er hecttxrtc~ of sc~lic! ~nuLW ytYe i'ydf'tita arld with is also for acceleration of mGthAne gas releaso in d~livery tulae, cornprassed air, anchor dense mt~dium-liquid can be ar~ditianally l3oatcrd bs~tore their input as per a further faature of invention.
A farther essential advantage of process cas per inventl.an is to be seen titc:.rcin thryt, st~ou~Ld trw ocac~si.on arise, tiea~in rock contents irf methane hydrate tE'ren, Ugain slump to d~a~.~nward, slowly. fln ground of specifically adjusted flow conditions in tube, when the methane hydrate has melted and the gas has escaped and fill up again partly the free space at sdu bed out of which tho solid methnncz hydrates was extracted.
...4.
i i ~~!?3 ' F?9 1 ~ : ~7 $ 91 33 24 i 5$$Ef L v L?n~..~pR & ~W'J 0'~
a The process is net limited on the appxicatian an tile sea or rather sea bed, but abviausly cc~n also be' input as pex~
invantian on solid ground areas. !Here as for example, it can lee necessary to work with an insulated tube ae~c~ir~~rt coldness and with spcc~.fica~.ly prtpaxad water, in order to extract frozen methane hydrate out o~F several 100 meters depth. In the enclose:d~ draai~rrg-i~ ~-epresen~t-~~dw ;. . . . . _ ..._ with (1) Sea or rather water with (2) Sc~a bed, far axaEaple 800m. deep with (3) t7elivery tuba with approximately 5m. diameter, which widens to up~ws~rds.
with (4) Concentric shaped nozzles which forces the compressed pi.r in the carrying medium.
The compressed stir can be preheated a~ for example as hat air and is again partly aQQled through the expansion. Tho high temperature however contributes to it that the solid methane hydrate molts quicker.
with (5) tZising methane hydrate pebbles.
with (b) Out of rising gas hydrate pebbles x~~l.easing ma~thana.
with (7~ Th~ methane coilectin~ container.
with (8) The water dense medium separation.
with (9) The compressed crir-dense medium mixture.
wa.th(1~) Thc: compressor unit.
with(li) 'The pres~su.re vesEel.
On the sea bed (2) meehanicc~l equiprnonts arQ provided, which .introduce the frozQft ice by means of gripping davic$
tar skimmer at the entry of the tube and transfer inward tc~
tht~ system delivery tube.
CA 02328859 2000-10-13 ,. rj ' Patent claims.
Claims (6)
1. Process for extraction of methane hydrate on the sea bed, marked through it, that a both sidewise open delivery tube is led up to the area of methane hydrate, that in the lower area of delivery tube high pressure air is introduced and that in the strong flow generated through it in the tube from bottom to top solid methane hydrate is carried over for the most part melted within the delivery tube and the gas fraction arising therein is collected in upper part of delivery tube.
2. Process as per claim 1, marked through it, that in lower area of delivery tube a heavy medium liquid together with the compressed air or alone is pumped in or rather forced, through which on ground of different specific density of heavy medium liquid a lifting flow is generated in delivery tube and are carried in to the flow of methane hydrate quantity.
3. Process as per one of the claims of 1 or 2, marked through it, that the cross section of delivery tube from bottom to top is continuously widened.
4. Process as per claim 2 marked through it, that the upward flowing heavy medium liquid is separated from the water and supplied renewed in cycle to the lower area of delivery tube.
5. Process as per one of the claims 1-4, marked through it that the compressed air and/or the heavy medium liquid are preheated.
6. Process as per one of the claims 1-5, marked through it, that the tubes input for extraction of methane hydrate are thermally insulated.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19906147A DE19906147A1 (en) | 1999-02-13 | 1999-02-13 | Process for the production of frozen gas on the sea floor |
| DE19906147.5 | 1999-02-13 | ||
| PCT/DE2000/000412 WO2000047832A1 (en) | 1999-02-13 | 2000-02-13 | Method for extracting methane hydrate on the ocean floor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2328859A1 true CA2328859A1 (en) | 2000-08-17 |
Family
ID=7897473
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002328859A Abandoned CA2328859A1 (en) | 1999-02-13 | 2000-02-13 | Method for extracting methane hydrate on the ocean floor |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2002536573A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1294648A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU3654600A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2328859A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19906147A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK200001505A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000047832A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2549648C1 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-04-27 | Федеральное Государственное Автономное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Сибирский Федеральный Университет" | Device for production of minerals from continental shelf |
Families Citing this family (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4662232B2 (en) * | 2003-11-10 | 2011-03-30 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Gas hydrate production method and system |
| RO121044B1 (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2006-11-30 | Petru Baciu | Process and installation for extracting helium or free methane from sea water |
| DE102004048692B4 (en) | 2004-10-06 | 2006-12-21 | Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam | Method and apparatus for thermal stimulation of gas hydrate formations |
| JP4756315B2 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2011-08-24 | 学校法人近畿大学 | Methane hydrate mining robot |
| CN100449117C (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2009-01-07 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Extracting and conveying method and device of sea-bottom natural gas hydrate |
| GB2462801B (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2012-09-26 | Marine Resources Exploration Internat Bv | A method of mining and processing seabed sediment |
| DE102008043329B3 (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2010-06-24 | Helmholtz-Zentrum Für Umweltforschung Gmbh - Ufz | Apparatus and method for remediation and separation of gas accumulations in waters |
| CN102322245B (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2013-11-06 | 上海交通大学 | Gas hydrate exploitation device |
| CN102444396B (en) * | 2012-01-04 | 2016-08-03 | 李向东 | A kind of natural gas production method |
| RU2607610C1 (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2017-01-10 | Халлибертон Энерджи Сервисез Инк. | Assembly and method of gaseous hydrocarbons production |
| RO128715A0 (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2013-08-30 | Performer Trade Engineering Co S.R.L. | Process and installation for collecting, separating, purifying and compressing deep-water hydrocarbons |
| CN103352676B (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-09-16 | 赵光书 | The quarrying apparatus of a kind of seabed combustible ice and exploitation method |
| RU2554374C1 (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2015-06-27 | Александр Валентинович Воробьев | Method for recovery and transportation of gas hydrates from bottom sediments and submarine vessel for recovery and transportation of gas hydrates |
| RU2554375C1 (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2015-06-27 | Александр Валентинович Воробьев | Method to extract gas hydrates from bottom deposits and device to this end |
| JP6396172B2 (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2018-09-26 | 株式会社三井Ｅ＆Ｓホールディングス | Hydrate collection device and collection method |
| JP2016108774A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2016-06-20 | 三井造船株式会社 | Gas-hydrate recovery system, and recovery method thereof |
| RU2615192C1 (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-04-04 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский федеральный университет" | Method of production of solid mineral resources from arctic shelf bed |
| WO2018008535A1 (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2018-01-11 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Hydraulic fracturing method and hydraulic fracturing system for gas hydrate layers |
| JP6254645B1 (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2017-12-27 | 三井造船株式会社 | Gas hydrate recovery system and gas hydrate recovery method |
| JP7062598B2 (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2022-05-06 | 日揮グローバル株式会社 | Methane gas production equipment and methane gas production method |
| CN106939780B (en) | 2017-04-17 | 2019-01-18 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of non-diagenesis gas hydrates solid state fluidizing quarrying apparatus of sea-bottom shallow and method |
| JP6954532B2 (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2021-10-27 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | Marine resource mine method, marine resource mine balun and marine resource mine equipment equipped with it |
| US10683736B2 (en) | 2018-01-08 | 2020-06-16 | Guangzhou Institute Of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Method and system for recovering gas in natural gas hydrate exploitation |
| CN108412466B (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2019-12-20 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Seabed natural gas hydrate exploitation device and exploitation method |
| JP7141653B1 (en) | 2022-05-21 | 2022-09-26 | ▲昇▼ 蓮池 | Gas sampling device |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3857651A (en) * | 1971-06-23 | 1974-12-31 | A Bruno | Pumping units for cyclonic elevator |
| GB1394976A (en) * | 1973-08-14 | 1975-05-21 | Do Politekhn Chesky I | Airlift for lifting liquids pulps and the like |
| US4424858A (en) * | 1981-02-19 | 1984-01-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Apparatus for recovering gaseous hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-containing solid hydrates |
| US5950732A (en) * | 1997-04-02 | 1999-09-14 | Syntroleum Corporation | System and method for hydrate recovery |
-
1999
- 1999-02-13 DE DE19906147A patent/DE19906147A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-02-13 CN CN00800145A patent/CN1294648A/en active Pending
- 2000-02-13 WO PCT/DE2000/000412 patent/WO2000047832A1/en active Application Filing
- 2000-02-13 CA CA002328859A patent/CA2328859A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-13 JP JP2000598720A patent/JP2002536573A/en active Pending
- 2000-02-13 AU AU36546/00A patent/AU3654600A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-10 DK DK200001505A patent/DK200001505A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2549648C1 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-04-27 | Федеральное Государственное Автономное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Сибирский Федеральный Университет" | Device for production of minerals from continental shelf |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1294648A (en) | 2001-05-09 |
| WO2000047832A1 (en) | 2000-08-17 |
| DE19906147A1 (en) | 2000-08-17 |
| AU3654600A (en) | 2000-08-29 |
| DK200001505A (en) | 2000-11-28 |
| JP2002536573A (en) | 2002-10-29 |
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