CA2294161A1 - Spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motor - Google Patents
Spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2294161A1 CA2294161A1 CA002294161A CA2294161A CA2294161A1 CA 2294161 A1 CA2294161 A1 CA 2294161A1 CA 002294161 A CA002294161 A CA 002294161A CA 2294161 A CA2294161 A CA 2294161A CA 2294161 A1 CA2294161 A1 CA 2294161A1
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- Prior art keywords
- spherical
- tubular shaft
- rotor
- stator
- splined tubular
- Prior art date
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- Abandoned
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- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000004221 Multiple Trauma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000555745 Sciuridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HOQADATXFBOEGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isofenphos Chemical group CCOP(=S)(NC(C)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC(C)C HOQADATXFBOEGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005293 physical law Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
- H02K23/56—Motors or generators having iron cores separated from armature winding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc Machiner (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
Abstract
The subject of the invention is a spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motor which has a stator, composed of an inner part (2) made of a spherical shape, hollow, flux conducting soft magnetic yoke, and a surrounding outer part (3) made of a spherical shell shape permanent magnet, and a spherical shell shape caged rotor (6), made of copper profiles and surrounding the stator. The ends of the copper profiles from disk shaped commutators (10A, 10B), to which brushes (11A, 11B) are coupled. The caged rotor (6) is provided with a stiffening ring (7), and it is surrounded concentrically by permanent magnetic main poles (8), which in turn are surrounded by a shell structure (9) and casing parts (21A, 21B) provided with ventilating openings. The axle of the motor is a splined tububar shaft (1) in which openings (15, 20) are formed.
Description
TITLE: SPHERICAL, DIRECT CURRENT, CAGE ROTOR
ELECTRIC MOTOR
Field of the Invention The subject of the invention is a spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motor.
Background to the Invention A very wide scale of direct current electric motors is known.
The direct current electric motors of the electric motor driven vehicles constitute one large group of them.
The US-PS No. 4 948 998 describes a twin-commutator, highly reliable direct current electric motor, provided with two independent, parallel windings, arranged in the rotor core. Through the bush systems located on both sides of the motor and through the commutator, the windings can be used separately or together. The rotor is cylindrical, non-self carrying and the stator contains field windings.
The scheme of an open squirrel cage direct current electric motor with commutators on both ends and with cylindrical iron cored rotor is described in publication sheet EP 0 481 774 (A2). It is suggested to use it primarily for large-current railway traction motors, however, the description does not provide dispositions, practical instructions or directions for the implementation of the magnetic circuit, bearing support, cooling, etc.
ELECTRIC MOTOR
Field of the Invention The subject of the invention is a spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motor.
Background to the Invention A very wide scale of direct current electric motors is known.
The direct current electric motors of the electric motor driven vehicles constitute one large group of them.
The US-PS No. 4 948 998 describes a twin-commutator, highly reliable direct current electric motor, provided with two independent, parallel windings, arranged in the rotor core. Through the bush systems located on both sides of the motor and through the commutator, the windings can be used separately or together. The rotor is cylindrical, non-self carrying and the stator contains field windings.
The scheme of an open squirrel cage direct current electric motor with commutators on both ends and with cylindrical iron cored rotor is described in publication sheet EP 0 481 774 (A2). It is suggested to use it primarily for large-current railway traction motors, however, the description does not provide dispositions, practical instructions or directions for the implementation of the magnetic circuit, bearing support, cooling, etc.
The 1989 product booklet of the ESCAP company (Switzerland) describes direct current electric motors with low moment of inertia and ironless rotor, where the self carrying, cylindrical rotor is a so-called thread wound (compacted honeycomb) coil. This arrangement reduces the effective torque by about 30% and increases the length of the coil and its resistance in the same proportion. The direct current electric motors of small inertia and with ironless (hollow) self carrying rotors, described in the 1989 product-booklet of the Pacific Scientific company (USA, Illinois) are similar to them.
From the US-PS No. 4 019 075 ironless rotor coils of miniature direct current electric motors can be learned. The multiple-wound lap windings have relatively large coil-heads, i.e. 'unused' parts. The self-carrying rotors developed by them are cylindrical with single-sided commutator.
Another cylindrical solution with single-sided commutator can be learned from US-PS No. 4 181 966, in which case the field magnet is located inside, while the soft magnet yoke is located outside of the rotor.
The field magnets of the direct current electric motor with cylindrical, ironless, self carrying rotor according to the solution of US-PS No. 4 110 645 are located outside of the rotor, while the flux conducting yoke is located within the rotor.
A cylindrical, direct current, electric motor is described also in HU-PS No. 189 040, where the rotor of the implementation according to Fig. 2 thereof is a disk shaped wire coil, with significant parasite coil-head wire lengths and masses. The double rotor and the commutators on the rotors of the solution according to Fig. 3 thereof are also disk shaped and made of printed circuits, while the bushes are directed radially.
An electric motor partly similar to the latter, with a rotor and commutator made of double printed circuit boards can be seen in Fig. 1 of US-PS No. 4 082 971, with the difference that the two rotors driving the same shaft have separate, independent stator magnetic circuits, since aluminum spacers and housing parts are located between the yokes.
Summary of the Invention The need has arisen for low and medium current electric motors of better efficiency.
I have set as an objective of my invention to reduce the effect and mass of those components which increase the losses, therefore decrease the efficiency, and to increase the power per volume. .
The key for the solution was given by the recognition that the source of the losses is primarily the exciting circuit of the motor, its inhomogenity and dispersion and, on the other hand, the added resistance loss caused by the relatively great length of the coil-heads of the rotor.
To exclude the above mentioned deficiencies and to satisfy the demands that have arisen, I have found a spherical arrangement suitable.
From the US-PS No. 4 019 075 ironless rotor coils of miniature direct current electric motors can be learned. The multiple-wound lap windings have relatively large coil-heads, i.e. 'unused' parts. The self-carrying rotors developed by them are cylindrical with single-sided commutator.
Another cylindrical solution with single-sided commutator can be learned from US-PS No. 4 181 966, in which case the field magnet is located inside, while the soft magnet yoke is located outside of the rotor.
The field magnets of the direct current electric motor with cylindrical, ironless, self carrying rotor according to the solution of US-PS No. 4 110 645 are located outside of the rotor, while the flux conducting yoke is located within the rotor.
A cylindrical, direct current, electric motor is described also in HU-PS No. 189 040, where the rotor of the implementation according to Fig. 2 thereof is a disk shaped wire coil, with significant parasite coil-head wire lengths and masses. The double rotor and the commutators on the rotors of the solution according to Fig. 3 thereof are also disk shaped and made of printed circuits, while the bushes are directed radially.
An electric motor partly similar to the latter, with a rotor and commutator made of double printed circuit boards can be seen in Fig. 1 of US-PS No. 4 082 971, with the difference that the two rotors driving the same shaft have separate, independent stator magnetic circuits, since aluminum spacers and housing parts are located between the yokes.
Summary of the Invention The need has arisen for low and medium current electric motors of better efficiency.
I have set as an objective of my invention to reduce the effect and mass of those components which increase the losses, therefore decrease the efficiency, and to increase the power per volume. .
The key for the solution was given by the recognition that the source of the losses is primarily the exciting circuit of the motor, its inhomogenity and dispersion and, on the other hand, the added resistance loss caused by the relatively great length of the coil-heads of the rotor.
To exclude the above mentioned deficiencies and to satisfy the demands that have arisen, I have found a spherical arrangement suitable.
A solution for the optimal design of the exciting circuit is the use of high energy, double-sided permanent magnets, preferably made of alloys, the magnetic line of force of which is radial over a relatively large angular range, a direct consequence of which is that the (B) induction lines are perpendicular to the direction of the current' (I), and further, to the generated force (F).
Shortly: it is easy to see the obvious fact that in case of the rotor of a spherical shape motor, the requirement of perpendicularity is satisfied at any point of the above mentioned angular range.
The second question, i.e. the design of the rotor is a more complex problem. With other words: a meaningful increase of efficiency can only be achieved by reducing the amount of energy transformed into heat according to the I2R power formula. It can be regarded solved by using a spherical shell shaped rotor, made of copper profiles of relatively large cross section and strength which, at the same time, is suitable for transmitting torque.
The objective of the invention was achieved by designing a spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motor, the stator of which is composed of an inner part, made of a spherical, hollow, flux conducting, soft magnetic yoke, and a surrounding outer part of spherical shell shape, consisting of segmental parts or cast over the inner part, and made of permanent magnet, the output axle is a splined tubular shaft, protrudi..g through the hole of the inner part.
The cage rotor is a spherical surface of revolution surrounding and enclosing the ferromagnetic stator of sandwich structure angular-symmetrically, which is composed of copper profiles, arched along the planes parallel to the geometric axis of the splined tubular shaft, the insulated hub-parts of which are fixed to the splined tubular shaft by means of screw type clamping bushes, the ends of the copper profiles are machined into planes perpendicular to the geometric axis of the splined tubular shaft, and which form disk shape commutators, to the commutators bushes, preferably made of bronze-graphite or mercury, are resiliently coupled, whose terminals are formed as plug-socket holders or clamping screws. The inner part of the stator can be of meridian lattice structure. The caged rotor can have a form different from spherical, e.g. ellipsoid of rotation, eventually a discus form, nevertheless, it must be a body of rotation. The equatorial of the cage rotor has the shape of a torus, and' it is provided with a fiber glass reinforced heat resistant plastic stiffener ring, which is concentrically surrounded by segmented permanent magnetic main poles, which in turn are surrounded by the shell structure of soft magnetic yokes made of two hemispherical-like parts that are pressed to one another at their edges, which in turn are surrounded by a light metal alloy, for example aluminum, hollow casing containing openings, and between the stator and the splined tubular shaft, and between the casing and the splined tubular shaft bearings, preferably roller bearings, and sealing elements are arranged. Within the splined tubular shaft, in the range of the geometric center of the motor, larger openings, and at the planes of the commutators, smaller openings and gilled air-inlet ports forming carburatter chokes are formed.
WO 98!59411 PCT/HU98/00058 The casing can be made of two hemispherical parts provided with ventilating openings, and they can be fixed together by, for example, bolts, however, a spherical plastic net or lattice work of appropriate strength can also be used. From the outer mantle of the caged rotor, at the dividing plane, air-outlet channels having a tangential outlet end sections are formed in the permanent magnetic main poles, in the soft magnetic yoke shell structure, as well as in the casing parts. Tangential baffles are arranged at the outlet part of said end section.
Brief Description of the Drawings The spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motor according to the invention is described below in more details, by an example embodiment, and with the help of the attached drawing, in which in Figure 1 the cross section of the motor is seen; in Figure 2 a more detailed cross section is shown.
Detailed Description The motor thus has a splined tubular shaft 1, which has, at its larger diameter middle section, a stator, which comprises a spherical, hollow inner part 2 made of a flux conducting soft magnetic yoke, and a permanent magnetic outer part 3 surrounding said inner part 2, which consists of segmental parts or which is cast onto the inner part 2. The stator is surrounded by an angular-symmetric, spherical shell surface of revolution shaped cage rotor 6, which is made of copper profiles, preferably profiled plates or rods, that are arched in planes parallel to the geometric axis 13 of the splined tubular shaft 1, the ends of the profiles constitute, at the splined tubular shaft 1, the commutators 10A, IOB, ... of disk segment shape, which are machined into a plane perpendicular to the geometric axis I3 of the splined tubular shaft 1. Close to the commutators 10A, 10B, ...brushes llA, 11B of disk segment shape sit resiliently, made preferably of bronze-graphite, the terminals 14A, 14B of which are formed as plug-socket holders or clamping screws. The insulated hub parts 4A, 4B; SA, SB are fixed onto the splined tubular shaft 1 by means of the screw type clamping bushes 21A, 21B. , At its biggest diameter, i.e. equatorically, the caged rotor 6 is strengthened by a ring 7 made of insulating material, preferably fiber glass reinforced heat resistant plastic, which is press molded by forming air channels) therein simultaneously - onto the cage rotor 6, already mounted on the stator. The cage rotor 6 is surrounded by permanent magnetic main poles 8 shaped as spherical shell segments, bordered by planes parallel to the geometric axis 13 of the splined tubular shaft 1, the permanent magnetic main poles 8 in turn are surrounded, also in the shape of a spherical shell, by the shell structure of soft magnetic yokes 9, split along the biggest diameter ('equator'). The direction of the developing magnetic field in the space between the permanent magnetic main poles 8 of the assembled ' motor is radial.
Finally, the outer part of the spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motor is composed of by the casing parts 12A and 12B, which, too, are spherical, fixed together by bolts at their biggest diameter, provided with gill-openings and preferably are webbed on their outside, and made of light metal alloy, for example aluminum.
Instead of the casing parts 12A and 12B, a spherical plastic web or lattice work can also be used.
Between the hollow inner part 2 and outer part 3 of the stator and the splined tubular shaft 1, roller bearings 16A and 16B
and bearing boxes 18A, 18B, provided with bores, and between the casing parts i2A, 12B and the splined tubular shaft 1 roller bearings 17A, 17B and sealing elements 19A, 19B are arranged. in the range of the geometric axis of the splined tubular shaft large openings are formed. The bores of the bearing boxes 18A, 18B connect the openings 15 with the space of the cage rotor 6.
For the operation of the spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motor according to the invention it is preferable to use compressed air, which coming from one (or both) ends) of the splined tubular shaft 1, traveling within it, enters the interior of the motor by passing through the openings 15 of the splined tubular shaft 1 in the range of its geometric center, as well as through the smaller openings 20A, 20B, provided in the splined tubular shaft 1 at the planes of the commutators 10A, IOB, then it leaves the motor through the bores of the bearing boxes 18A, 18B and through the (not shown) gill-open ~ngs of the casing parts 12A, 12B.
In Figure 2, naturally, the same reference numbers refer to the same elements. Furthermore, at the planes of the commutators 10A, lOB carburatter chokes 22A, 22B, and from the outer mantle of the caged rotor 6, at the dividing plane, air-outlet channels 23A, 23B
having tangential outlet end sections are formed in the permanent magnetic main poles 8, in the soft magnetic yoke shell structure 9, as well as in the casing parts 12A, 12B. The paths of the air flow 24A, 24B are shown by dashed lines.
The operation of the spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motor according to the invention is the following:
Similarly to the known motors, its operation is based on the fact that a force acts on a conductor in which a current flows and placed in a magnetic field.
When a current flows in the conducting elements 6A, 6B, ...
of the cage rotor 6, shown in the figure, in the direction indicated by the arrow, then a force acts on the left hand side arched conducting element 6A, upwards from the plane of the sheet, and on the right hand side arched conducting element 6B downwards from the plane of the sheet, as a direct result of which is that the cage rotor 6 attempts to rotate the splined tubular shaft 1 counter clockwise.
If the direction of the current is reversed, the cage rotor 6 will rotate clockwise.
It is easy to see, that if the direction of the current is reversed at each half rotation, the continuity of the rotation can be maintained. Following the path of the air flow, it is easy to see as well that the motor acts at the same time as a centrifugal blower or turbine of double-side inlet, provided with meridian baffles.
All electromotive force is the result of an energy transformation E. The matter is that there is another fundamental and simple relationship between the electricity, mentioned before, and the magnetism, which is invariant with the known physical laws, and can be developed into a new equation, which gives the following relationship of energy equilibrium for spherical motors and generators:
2~Mn = EI = I2rw If I is given in A, r in m, w in s~l, then the induced electromotive force E is obtained in V, and the whole magnetic torque exerted by the motor is obtained in Nm.
The advantages of the spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motor, constituting the subject of my invention, are the following:
- Independent of their geometric sizes, the efficiency of all spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motors is the same, which exceeds 90%;
- The spherical shape of the rotor and the strong magnetic field, which is practically radial over a large angular range, makes it possible that the improductive length of the wires is the smallest possible, and there is no coil-head;
- The moment of inertia of the self carrying 6 cage rotor is small and, further, there is no wattless component arising from the coil-heads, therefore the motor is especially suitable for fast (for example servo) drives;
- Because of the higher efficiency, motors of smaller mass and volume can be produced, which are especially advantageous in case of airborne systems, for example, on aircraft, satellites, etc.;
il - The reliability of the motor is higher, and the life of the bushes is longer, due to the double commutator and brush system;
- By means of higher current open cage rotors and by increasing the number of brushes and the number of copper profiles or rods, i.e. the conducting elements, constituting the caged rotor, the pulsation of the shaft-torque can be reduced, which makes the use of inertia masses other than the strengthening ring unnecessary in case of, for example, tired vehicles, motor cycles, cars, etc.;
- Due to the practically closed magnetic field, the detrimental parasitic magnetic radiation of the motor can be significantly reduced, which is advantageous, for example, in case of airborne systems;
- It is easy to use, in connection with the motor, different kind of semiconductor pulse-width modulated choppers (realized by tyristors, GTO tyristors, transistors and POWER-MOSFET elements);
- The ironless caged rotor also acts as a centrifugal blower or turbine of double-side inlet, provided with meridian baffles;
- The splined tubular shaft makes it possible to use the motor as a single-flow propeller turbine, for example in case of sport aircraft.
Shortly: it is easy to see the obvious fact that in case of the rotor of a spherical shape motor, the requirement of perpendicularity is satisfied at any point of the above mentioned angular range.
The second question, i.e. the design of the rotor is a more complex problem. With other words: a meaningful increase of efficiency can only be achieved by reducing the amount of energy transformed into heat according to the I2R power formula. It can be regarded solved by using a spherical shell shaped rotor, made of copper profiles of relatively large cross section and strength which, at the same time, is suitable for transmitting torque.
The objective of the invention was achieved by designing a spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motor, the stator of which is composed of an inner part, made of a spherical, hollow, flux conducting, soft magnetic yoke, and a surrounding outer part of spherical shell shape, consisting of segmental parts or cast over the inner part, and made of permanent magnet, the output axle is a splined tubular shaft, protrudi..g through the hole of the inner part.
The cage rotor is a spherical surface of revolution surrounding and enclosing the ferromagnetic stator of sandwich structure angular-symmetrically, which is composed of copper profiles, arched along the planes parallel to the geometric axis of the splined tubular shaft, the insulated hub-parts of which are fixed to the splined tubular shaft by means of screw type clamping bushes, the ends of the copper profiles are machined into planes perpendicular to the geometric axis of the splined tubular shaft, and which form disk shape commutators, to the commutators bushes, preferably made of bronze-graphite or mercury, are resiliently coupled, whose terminals are formed as plug-socket holders or clamping screws. The inner part of the stator can be of meridian lattice structure. The caged rotor can have a form different from spherical, e.g. ellipsoid of rotation, eventually a discus form, nevertheless, it must be a body of rotation. The equatorial of the cage rotor has the shape of a torus, and' it is provided with a fiber glass reinforced heat resistant plastic stiffener ring, which is concentrically surrounded by segmented permanent magnetic main poles, which in turn are surrounded by the shell structure of soft magnetic yokes made of two hemispherical-like parts that are pressed to one another at their edges, which in turn are surrounded by a light metal alloy, for example aluminum, hollow casing containing openings, and between the stator and the splined tubular shaft, and between the casing and the splined tubular shaft bearings, preferably roller bearings, and sealing elements are arranged. Within the splined tubular shaft, in the range of the geometric center of the motor, larger openings, and at the planes of the commutators, smaller openings and gilled air-inlet ports forming carburatter chokes are formed.
WO 98!59411 PCT/HU98/00058 The casing can be made of two hemispherical parts provided with ventilating openings, and they can be fixed together by, for example, bolts, however, a spherical plastic net or lattice work of appropriate strength can also be used. From the outer mantle of the caged rotor, at the dividing plane, air-outlet channels having a tangential outlet end sections are formed in the permanent magnetic main poles, in the soft magnetic yoke shell structure, as well as in the casing parts. Tangential baffles are arranged at the outlet part of said end section.
Brief Description of the Drawings The spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motor according to the invention is described below in more details, by an example embodiment, and with the help of the attached drawing, in which in Figure 1 the cross section of the motor is seen; in Figure 2 a more detailed cross section is shown.
Detailed Description The motor thus has a splined tubular shaft 1, which has, at its larger diameter middle section, a stator, which comprises a spherical, hollow inner part 2 made of a flux conducting soft magnetic yoke, and a permanent magnetic outer part 3 surrounding said inner part 2, which consists of segmental parts or which is cast onto the inner part 2. The stator is surrounded by an angular-symmetric, spherical shell surface of revolution shaped cage rotor 6, which is made of copper profiles, preferably profiled plates or rods, that are arched in planes parallel to the geometric axis 13 of the splined tubular shaft 1, the ends of the profiles constitute, at the splined tubular shaft 1, the commutators 10A, IOB, ... of disk segment shape, which are machined into a plane perpendicular to the geometric axis I3 of the splined tubular shaft 1. Close to the commutators 10A, 10B, ...brushes llA, 11B of disk segment shape sit resiliently, made preferably of bronze-graphite, the terminals 14A, 14B of which are formed as plug-socket holders or clamping screws. The insulated hub parts 4A, 4B; SA, SB are fixed onto the splined tubular shaft 1 by means of the screw type clamping bushes 21A, 21B. , At its biggest diameter, i.e. equatorically, the caged rotor 6 is strengthened by a ring 7 made of insulating material, preferably fiber glass reinforced heat resistant plastic, which is press molded by forming air channels) therein simultaneously - onto the cage rotor 6, already mounted on the stator. The cage rotor 6 is surrounded by permanent magnetic main poles 8 shaped as spherical shell segments, bordered by planes parallel to the geometric axis 13 of the splined tubular shaft 1, the permanent magnetic main poles 8 in turn are surrounded, also in the shape of a spherical shell, by the shell structure of soft magnetic yokes 9, split along the biggest diameter ('equator'). The direction of the developing magnetic field in the space between the permanent magnetic main poles 8 of the assembled ' motor is radial.
Finally, the outer part of the spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motor is composed of by the casing parts 12A and 12B, which, too, are spherical, fixed together by bolts at their biggest diameter, provided with gill-openings and preferably are webbed on their outside, and made of light metal alloy, for example aluminum.
Instead of the casing parts 12A and 12B, a spherical plastic web or lattice work can also be used.
Between the hollow inner part 2 and outer part 3 of the stator and the splined tubular shaft 1, roller bearings 16A and 16B
and bearing boxes 18A, 18B, provided with bores, and between the casing parts i2A, 12B and the splined tubular shaft 1 roller bearings 17A, 17B and sealing elements 19A, 19B are arranged. in the range of the geometric axis of the splined tubular shaft large openings are formed. The bores of the bearing boxes 18A, 18B connect the openings 15 with the space of the cage rotor 6.
For the operation of the spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motor according to the invention it is preferable to use compressed air, which coming from one (or both) ends) of the splined tubular shaft 1, traveling within it, enters the interior of the motor by passing through the openings 15 of the splined tubular shaft 1 in the range of its geometric center, as well as through the smaller openings 20A, 20B, provided in the splined tubular shaft 1 at the planes of the commutators 10A, IOB, then it leaves the motor through the bores of the bearing boxes 18A, 18B and through the (not shown) gill-open ~ngs of the casing parts 12A, 12B.
In Figure 2, naturally, the same reference numbers refer to the same elements. Furthermore, at the planes of the commutators 10A, lOB carburatter chokes 22A, 22B, and from the outer mantle of the caged rotor 6, at the dividing plane, air-outlet channels 23A, 23B
having tangential outlet end sections are formed in the permanent magnetic main poles 8, in the soft magnetic yoke shell structure 9, as well as in the casing parts 12A, 12B. The paths of the air flow 24A, 24B are shown by dashed lines.
The operation of the spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motor according to the invention is the following:
Similarly to the known motors, its operation is based on the fact that a force acts on a conductor in which a current flows and placed in a magnetic field.
When a current flows in the conducting elements 6A, 6B, ...
of the cage rotor 6, shown in the figure, in the direction indicated by the arrow, then a force acts on the left hand side arched conducting element 6A, upwards from the plane of the sheet, and on the right hand side arched conducting element 6B downwards from the plane of the sheet, as a direct result of which is that the cage rotor 6 attempts to rotate the splined tubular shaft 1 counter clockwise.
If the direction of the current is reversed, the cage rotor 6 will rotate clockwise.
It is easy to see, that if the direction of the current is reversed at each half rotation, the continuity of the rotation can be maintained. Following the path of the air flow, it is easy to see as well that the motor acts at the same time as a centrifugal blower or turbine of double-side inlet, provided with meridian baffles.
All electromotive force is the result of an energy transformation E. The matter is that there is another fundamental and simple relationship between the electricity, mentioned before, and the magnetism, which is invariant with the known physical laws, and can be developed into a new equation, which gives the following relationship of energy equilibrium for spherical motors and generators:
2~Mn = EI = I2rw If I is given in A, r in m, w in s~l, then the induced electromotive force E is obtained in V, and the whole magnetic torque exerted by the motor is obtained in Nm.
The advantages of the spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motor, constituting the subject of my invention, are the following:
- Independent of their geometric sizes, the efficiency of all spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motors is the same, which exceeds 90%;
- The spherical shape of the rotor and the strong magnetic field, which is practically radial over a large angular range, makes it possible that the improductive length of the wires is the smallest possible, and there is no coil-head;
- The moment of inertia of the self carrying 6 cage rotor is small and, further, there is no wattless component arising from the coil-heads, therefore the motor is especially suitable for fast (for example servo) drives;
- Because of the higher efficiency, motors of smaller mass and volume can be produced, which are especially advantageous in case of airborne systems, for example, on aircraft, satellites, etc.;
il - The reliability of the motor is higher, and the life of the bushes is longer, due to the double commutator and brush system;
- By means of higher current open cage rotors and by increasing the number of brushes and the number of copper profiles or rods, i.e. the conducting elements, constituting the caged rotor, the pulsation of the shaft-torque can be reduced, which makes the use of inertia masses other than the strengthening ring unnecessary in case of, for example, tired vehicles, motor cycles, cars, etc.;
- Due to the practically closed magnetic field, the detrimental parasitic magnetic radiation of the motor can be significantly reduced, which is advantageous, for example, in case of airborne systems;
- It is easy to use, in connection with the motor, different kind of semiconductor pulse-width modulated choppers (realized by tyristors, GTO tyristors, transistors and POWER-MOSFET elements);
- The ironless caged rotor also acts as a centrifugal blower or turbine of double-side inlet, provided with meridian baffles;
- The splined tubular shaft makes it possible to use the motor as a single-flow propeller turbine, for example in case of sport aircraft.
Claims (3)
1. A spherical, direct current, iron-free cage rotor electric motor, which has conducting terminals, stator and rotor and an output axle, characterized in that - the stator is composed of an inner part (2) which is made of spherical shape, hollow, flux conducting soft magnetic yoke, and an outer part (3) made of a spherical shape permanent magnet consisting of segmental parts or cast upon the inner part (2) and, thus, surrounds it, - the output axle is a splined tubular shaft (1) protruding through the cavity of the inner part (2), - the caged rotor (6) is a surface of revolution, preferably a spherical shell shape, surrounding and enclosing the ferromagnetic stator of sandwich structure angular-symmetrically, composed of copper profiles that are arched along planes parallel to the geometric axis (13) of the splined tubular shaft (1), the insulated hub parts (4, 5) which are fixed to the splined tubular shaft (1) by means of threaded clamping bushes (21A, 21B), and their ends at the splined tubular shaft (1) are machined into planes perpendicular to the geometric axis (13), and they form disk shaped commutators (10A, 10B), - to the commutators (10A, 10B) brushes (11A, 11B), preferably made of bronze-graphite or mercury, are resiliently coupled, whose terminals (14A, 14B) are formed as plugs or clamping screws, - the shape of the equator of the caged rotor (6) is a torus and it is provided with a stiffening ring (7) made of fiber glass reinforced, heat resistant plastic, and it is surrounded concentrically by spherical shape, segmented permanent magnetic main poles (8), - the main poles (8) are surrounded by the shell structure (9) of soft magnetic yokes made of two hemispherical parts, fixed together at their edges, which in turn is surrounded by a casing made of light metal alloy or plastic and containing ventilating openings, - between the stator and the splined tubular shaft (1), and between the casing and the splined tubular shaft (1) roller bearings (16A, 16B; 17A, 17B) and sealing elements (18A, 18B; 19A, 19B) are arranged, - in the splined tubular shaft (1), at the range of the geometric center of the motor, larger openings (15), at the planes of the commutators (10A, 10B) smaller openings (20) are provided.
2. A motor according to Claim 1, characterized in that the casing is made of two, hemispherical aluminum case parts (12A, 12B) which are provided with gill-openings.
3. A motor according to Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that air flow channels are formed in said stiffening ring (7).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HUP9701088 | 1997-06-23 | ||
| HU9701088A HU222458B1 (en) | 1997-06-23 | 1997-06-23 | Spherical dc. motor with squirrel-cage rotor |
| PCT/HU1998/000058 WO1998059411A1 (en) | 1997-06-23 | 1998-06-12 | Spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2294161A1 true CA2294161A1 (en) | 1998-12-30 |
Family
ID=89995277
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002294161A Abandoned CA2294161A1 (en) | 1997-06-23 | 1998-06-12 | Spherical, direct current, cage rotor electric motor |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2002516060A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20010014115A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1268259A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7783698A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9810332A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2294161A1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU222458B1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL337718A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998059411A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20020077316A (en) * | 2002-09-11 | 2002-10-11 | 김인구 | The Methode of creasing of the efficiency through Structure change by electrical motor |
| CN101505076B (en) * | 2009-03-11 | 2010-12-01 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Underwater globular motor propeller |
| NL2005011C2 (en) | 2010-07-01 | 2012-01-03 | Be-Kking Man B V | ROTATING MACHINE FOR COMPRESSION AND DECOMPRESSION. |
| CN108922299B (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2020-12-01 | 淮北市荣恋科技有限公司 | Fire drill virtual training method |
| CN116508233A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2023-07-28 | 加拿大全国研究委员会 | Electrical machine with enhanced electromagnetic interaction |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH102118A (en) * | 1922-08-22 | 1923-11-16 | Brooks Sayers William | Dynamo-electric machine. |
| FR1341582A (en) * | 1962-09-11 | 1963-11-02 | Electronique & Automatisme Sa | Improvements to rotating electrical machines |
| FR1382813A (en) * | 1964-02-20 | 1964-12-18 | Circuit Res Company | Electro-mechanical energy converter |
| ZA754983B (en) * | 1974-08-12 | 1976-07-28 | British Railways Board | Improvements relating to vehicle drive arrangenents using electric motors |
| JPS58179153A (en) * | 1982-04-09 | 1983-10-20 | Entatsuku Kk | Coil for motor and manufacture thereof |
| DE69129651T2 (en) * | 1990-10-19 | 1998-10-29 | Yang Tai Her | Bi-directional, two-ended, non-closed armature windings for DC motor |
| US5204570A (en) * | 1991-09-09 | 1993-04-20 | Gerfast Sten R | Spheroidal machine |
| DE69213246T2 (en) * | 1991-10-14 | 1997-01-23 | Muneaki Takara | ELECTRIC LATHE |
-
1997
- 1997-06-23 HU HU9701088A patent/HU222458B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-06-12 PL PL98337718A patent/PL337718A1/en unknown
- 1998-06-12 BR BR9810332-6A patent/BR9810332A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-06-12 WO PCT/HU1998/000058 patent/WO1998059411A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-06-12 CA CA002294161A patent/CA2294161A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-06-12 CN CN98808457A patent/CN1268259A/en active Pending
- 1998-06-12 AU AU77836/98A patent/AU7783698A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-06-12 KR KR19997012171A patent/KR20010014115A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-06-12 JP JP50401899A patent/JP2002516060A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HU9701088D0 (en) | 1998-01-28 |
| HU222458B1 (en) | 2003-07-28 |
| HUP9701088A2 (en) | 1999-02-01 |
| KR20010014115A (en) | 2001-02-26 |
| HUP9701088A3 (en) | 2000-03-28 |
| CN1268259A (en) | 2000-09-27 |
| WO1998059411A1 (en) | 1998-12-30 |
| PL337718A1 (en) | 2000-08-28 |
| JP2002516060A (en) | 2002-05-28 |
| BR9810332A (en) | 2000-09-05 |
| AU7783698A (en) | 1999-01-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |