CA2239494C - Cigarette filter containing microcapsules - Google Patents
Cigarette filter containing microcapsules Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2239494C CA2239494C CA002239494A CA2239494A CA2239494C CA 2239494 C CA2239494 C CA 2239494C CA 002239494 A CA002239494 A CA 002239494A CA 2239494 A CA2239494 A CA 2239494A CA 2239494 C CA2239494 C CA 2239494C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- microcapsules
- tobacco smoke
- present
- chlorophyllin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 title description 15
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229940045635 sodium pyroglutamate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- CRPCXAMJWCDHFM-DFWYDOINSA-M sodium;(2s)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H]1CCC(=O)N1 CRPCXAMJWCDHFM-DFWYDOINSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000019805 chlorophyllin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229940099898 chlorophyllin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 9
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 231100000219 mutagenic Toxicity 0.000 description 8
- 230000003505 mutagenic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 sorbitan fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019506 cigar Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000937 inactivator Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N glutathione Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(O)=O RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-HHDP-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1C(O2)COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC1C(O)C2OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODHCTXKNWHHXJC-VKHMYHEASA-N 5-oxo-L-proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCC(=O)N1 ODHCTXKNWHHXJC-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000518994 Conta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001263 FEMA 3042 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010024636 Glutathione Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-N-acetyl-Cysteine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N Penta-digallate-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- HLCFGWHYROZGBI-JJKGCWMISA-M Potassium gluconate Chemical compound [K+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O HLCFGWHYROZGBI-JJKGCWMISA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004308 acetylcysteine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005365 aminothiol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072107 ascorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H calcium citrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000001354 calcium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004256 calcium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004227 calcium gluconate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004494 calcium gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013927 calcium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZNEWHQLOPFWXOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N coenzyme M Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CCS ZNEWHQLOPFWXOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002433 cysteine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PXEDJBXQKAGXNJ-QTNFYWBSSA-L disodium L-glutamate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC([O-])=O PXEDJBXQKAGXNJ-QTNFYWBSSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003180 glutathione Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004635 mesna Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013923 monosodium glutamate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKLJHFLUAHKGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous amide Chemical compound ON=N XKLJHFLUAHKGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002635 potassium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004224 potassium gluconate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003189 potassium gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013926 potassium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043131 pyroglutamate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010499 rapseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229940073490 sodium glutamate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001476 sodium potassium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011006 sodium potassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001433 sodium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002167 sodium tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011004 sodium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CRPCXAMJWCDHFM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1CCC(=O)N1 CRPCXAMJWCDHFM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N tannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013337 tricalcium citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/061—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters containing additives entrapped within capsules, sponge-like material or the like, for further release upon smoking
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/14—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as additive
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
A tobacco smoke filter comprising a porous substrate having a humectant, such as sodium pyroglutamate, dispersed therein to absorb moisture from the tobacco smoke thereby wet-filtering the tobacco smoke. Also, a tobacco smoke filter comprising a porous substrate having microcapsules dispersed therein. The microcapsules comprise a humectant such as sodium pyroglutamate. The microcapsules further preferably comprise one or more of methylcellulose, chlorophyllin and at least one vegetable oil.
Description
CIG~RETTE FILTER CON~TNTNG NI~O~PSULE8 BACKGROUnnD
It is widely known that tobacco smoke contains toxic and ~utagenic compounds which cause substantial morbidity and mortality to smokers. Attempts to reduce the amount of toxic and mutagenic compounds that reach the smoker include tobacco smoke filters positioned between the burning tobacco and the smoker.
Conventional filters are made of cellulose acetate, with or without activated charcoal. These conventional filters, however, are only partially effective in reducing the amount of toxic and mutagenic compounds reaching the smoker.
Further, conventional filters disadvantageously remove flavor compounds, thereby decreasing acceptance by the smoker.
There is, therefore, a need for an improved filter for a smokable device that more completely removes toxic and mutagenic compounds from tobacco smoke. Further, there is a need for an improved filter which allows the passage of flavor compounds while substantially removing toxic and mutagenic compounds for tobacco smoke. Such an improved filter would preferably be simple and inexpensive to manufacture, and convenient to use.
The present invention is directed to a tobacco smoke filter that meets these needs. In one embodiment, the filter comprises a porous substrate having a humectant, such as sodium pyroglutamate, dispersed therein. The humectant absorbs moisture from the tobacco smoke and thus serves to wet-filter the tobacco smoke during use.
In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a tobacco smoke filter comprising a porous substrate having microcapsules dispersed therein. The microcapsules comprise a core and a shell. The shell comprises a humectant, preferably sodium pyroglutamate. The shell further preferably comprises methylcellulose. The core preferably comprises chlorophyllin.
W O 97/22268 PCT~US95/16486 The core further preferably comprises at least one vegetable oil.
The filters of the present invention can additionally comprise at least one surfactant or at least one substance which aids in the removal of toxic and mutagenic compounds from tobacco smoke.
The filters of the present invention can be provided by themselves or in combination with a smokable device having a body of tobacco, such as a cigarette, cigar or pipe.
These and other features of the present invention will become better understood from the following description and appended claims.
DESCRIPTION
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a filter for tobacco smoke. In a preferred embodiment, the filter is affixed to a smokable device having a body of tobacco such as a cigarette, cigar or pipe.
The filter comprises a porous substrate and at least one humectant. The porous substrate can be any non-toxic material suitable for use in filters for smokable devices that are also suitable for incorporation with a humectant. Such materials include cellulosic fiber such as cellulose acetate, cotton, wood pulp, and paper; and polyesters, polyolefins, ion exchange materials and other materials as will be understood by those with skill in the art with reference to the disclosure herein.
The humectant is capable of absorbing moisture from tobacco smoke and releasing it into the porous substrate such that tobacco smoke passing through the filter is wet-filtered thereby. In a preferred embodiment, the humectant is present in an amount of from about 5 to about 60% by dry weight of the filter.
The humectant can be any suitable humectant. For example, the humectant can be selected from the group consisting o~ glycerol, sorbitol, propylene glycol, sodium _ _ W O 97/22268 PCTrUS95/16486 lactate, calcium chloride, potassium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate or sodium polyphosphate, calcium citrate, calcium gluconate, potassium citrate, potassium gluconate, sodium tartrate, sodium potassium tartrate, and sodium glutamate.
In a preferred embodiment, the humectant incorporated into the filter i5 sodium pyroglutamate (al80 known as sodium 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate or NaPCA).
Advantageously, sodium pyroglutamate is non-toxic, effective at removing charged particles from tobacco smoke and functions as a humectant in the temperature range of tobacco smoke.
Further, it is non-hazardous, stable, simple to manufacture and convenient to use. Sodium pyroglutamate has the following structure:
H O
O~/N~ C -O N a+
~
Filters according to the present invention are simple and inexpensive to manufacture. In one method of manufacture, a solution containing the humectant, such as sodium pyroglutamate, is prepared. Then, the porous substrate is wetted with the solution. The wetted substrate is then dried, leaving a residue of the humectant dispersed on or in the porous substrate.
These and other advantages of the present invention are demonstrated by the following comparative example.
Ea~MPLE8 I
rison of Efi~Qctivene~s Between Conventional Tobacco ~;mok~
Filter~ Wet-Filtration Tobacco 8moke Filter conta;ni~g 80dium Pyroglutamate ~nd Co~mercially ~vailable Wet-Filtration s ~obacco 8moke F~lter Three types of filters were tested for relative effectiveness in removing tar from cigarette smoke:
1) Conventional cellulose acetate filter ("Cell-Ac");
It is widely known that tobacco smoke contains toxic and ~utagenic compounds which cause substantial morbidity and mortality to smokers. Attempts to reduce the amount of toxic and mutagenic compounds that reach the smoker include tobacco smoke filters positioned between the burning tobacco and the smoker.
Conventional filters are made of cellulose acetate, with or without activated charcoal. These conventional filters, however, are only partially effective in reducing the amount of toxic and mutagenic compounds reaching the smoker.
Further, conventional filters disadvantageously remove flavor compounds, thereby decreasing acceptance by the smoker.
There is, therefore, a need for an improved filter for a smokable device that more completely removes toxic and mutagenic compounds from tobacco smoke. Further, there is a need for an improved filter which allows the passage of flavor compounds while substantially removing toxic and mutagenic compounds for tobacco smoke. Such an improved filter would preferably be simple and inexpensive to manufacture, and convenient to use.
The present invention is directed to a tobacco smoke filter that meets these needs. In one embodiment, the filter comprises a porous substrate having a humectant, such as sodium pyroglutamate, dispersed therein. The humectant absorbs moisture from the tobacco smoke and thus serves to wet-filter the tobacco smoke during use.
In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a tobacco smoke filter comprising a porous substrate having microcapsules dispersed therein. The microcapsules comprise a core and a shell. The shell comprises a humectant, preferably sodium pyroglutamate. The shell further preferably comprises methylcellulose. The core preferably comprises chlorophyllin.
W O 97/22268 PCT~US95/16486 The core further preferably comprises at least one vegetable oil.
The filters of the present invention can additionally comprise at least one surfactant or at least one substance which aids in the removal of toxic and mutagenic compounds from tobacco smoke.
The filters of the present invention can be provided by themselves or in combination with a smokable device having a body of tobacco, such as a cigarette, cigar or pipe.
These and other features of the present invention will become better understood from the following description and appended claims.
DESCRIPTION
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a filter for tobacco smoke. In a preferred embodiment, the filter is affixed to a smokable device having a body of tobacco such as a cigarette, cigar or pipe.
The filter comprises a porous substrate and at least one humectant. The porous substrate can be any non-toxic material suitable for use in filters for smokable devices that are also suitable for incorporation with a humectant. Such materials include cellulosic fiber such as cellulose acetate, cotton, wood pulp, and paper; and polyesters, polyolefins, ion exchange materials and other materials as will be understood by those with skill in the art with reference to the disclosure herein.
The humectant is capable of absorbing moisture from tobacco smoke and releasing it into the porous substrate such that tobacco smoke passing through the filter is wet-filtered thereby. In a preferred embodiment, the humectant is present in an amount of from about 5 to about 60% by dry weight of the filter.
The humectant can be any suitable humectant. For example, the humectant can be selected from the group consisting o~ glycerol, sorbitol, propylene glycol, sodium _ _ W O 97/22268 PCTrUS95/16486 lactate, calcium chloride, potassium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate or sodium polyphosphate, calcium citrate, calcium gluconate, potassium citrate, potassium gluconate, sodium tartrate, sodium potassium tartrate, and sodium glutamate.
In a preferred embodiment, the humectant incorporated into the filter i5 sodium pyroglutamate (al80 known as sodium 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate or NaPCA).
Advantageously, sodium pyroglutamate is non-toxic, effective at removing charged particles from tobacco smoke and functions as a humectant in the temperature range of tobacco smoke.
Further, it is non-hazardous, stable, simple to manufacture and convenient to use. Sodium pyroglutamate has the following structure:
H O
O~/N~ C -O N a+
~
Filters according to the present invention are simple and inexpensive to manufacture. In one method of manufacture, a solution containing the humectant, such as sodium pyroglutamate, is prepared. Then, the porous substrate is wetted with the solution. The wetted substrate is then dried, leaving a residue of the humectant dispersed on or in the porous substrate.
These and other advantages of the present invention are demonstrated by the following comparative example.
Ea~MPLE8 I
rison of Efi~Qctivene~s Between Conventional Tobacco ~;mok~
Filter~ Wet-Filtration Tobacco 8moke Filter conta;ni~g 80dium Pyroglutamate ~nd Co~mercially ~vailable Wet-Filtration s ~obacco 8moke F~lter Three types of filters were tested for relative effectiveness in removing tar from cigarette smoke:
1) Conventional cellulose acetate filter ("Cell-Ac");
2) Wet-filtration tobacco smoke filter containing cellulose acetate with sodium pyroglutamate ("SoPyro") according to the present invention; and
3) Commercially available wet-filtration tobacco smoke filter ("Aquafilter").
Cellulose acetate filters containing sodium pyroglutamate were prepared by, first, removing cellulosic filters from commercial cigarettes. The fibers weighed approximately 0.21 g. Next, approximately 0.5 ml of a 10% by weight solution of sodium pyroglutamate was applied to each filter, and the filter was dried overnight at 60~C.
The conventional cellulose acetate filter and the cellulose acetate filters containing sodium pyroglutamate were weighed and inserted into a 3.75 cm (1.5 inch) segment of polycarbonate tubing having an inside diameter identical to the outside diameter of a standard cigarette. A filterless cigarette having 0.85 g of tobacco was inserted into one end of the polycarbonate tubing in proximity to one end of the filter. The other end of the polycarbonate tubing was attached to tubing connected to a suction pump. Duplicates of each filter type were tested. Aquafilters used in this test were also attached to a filterless cigarette having 0.85 g of tobacco and then attached to tubing connected to a suction pump.
The filtered cigarettes were lit and intermittent suction, simulating inhalation of cigarette smoke, was applied W O 97/22268 PCT~US95tl6486 until the cigarette had burned to within 0.5 inch of the unlit end. The filters were removed from either the polycarbonate tube or from the Aquafilter, weighed, and placed in 10 ml of methanol to elute tar and other substances from the smoke that were retained in the filter. Light absorbance (at a wavelength of 350 nm) of the ethanolic filter eluates was used as an index of the amount of smoke components retained on the filters. The weight gained by the filters during smoke passage was also recorded. The results of the test are presented in Table 1.
TEST FILTER ABSORBANCE at 350 nm Weight Gain 1 Cell-Ac 0.470 A.U. 35 mg 2 Cell-Ac 0.381 A.U. 30 mg 3 SoPyro 0.731 A.U. 71 mg
Cellulose acetate filters containing sodium pyroglutamate were prepared by, first, removing cellulosic filters from commercial cigarettes. The fibers weighed approximately 0.21 g. Next, approximately 0.5 ml of a 10% by weight solution of sodium pyroglutamate was applied to each filter, and the filter was dried overnight at 60~C.
The conventional cellulose acetate filter and the cellulose acetate filters containing sodium pyroglutamate were weighed and inserted into a 3.75 cm (1.5 inch) segment of polycarbonate tubing having an inside diameter identical to the outside diameter of a standard cigarette. A filterless cigarette having 0.85 g of tobacco was inserted into one end of the polycarbonate tubing in proximity to one end of the filter. The other end of the polycarbonate tubing was attached to tubing connected to a suction pump. Duplicates of each filter type were tested. Aquafilters used in this test were also attached to a filterless cigarette having 0.85 g of tobacco and then attached to tubing connected to a suction pump.
The filtered cigarettes were lit and intermittent suction, simulating inhalation of cigarette smoke, was applied W O 97/22268 PCT~US95tl6486 until the cigarette had burned to within 0.5 inch of the unlit end. The filters were removed from either the polycarbonate tube or from the Aquafilter, weighed, and placed in 10 ml of methanol to elute tar and other substances from the smoke that were retained in the filter. Light absorbance (at a wavelength of 350 nm) of the ethanolic filter eluates was used as an index of the amount of smoke components retained on the filters. The weight gained by the filters during smoke passage was also recorded. The results of the test are presented in Table 1.
TEST FILTER ABSORBANCE at 350 nm Weight Gain 1 Cell-Ac 0.470 A.U. 35 mg 2 Cell-Ac 0.381 A.U. 30 mg 3 SoPyro 0.731 A.U. 71 mg
4 SoPyro 0.625 A.U. 60 mg 5Aquafilter 0.540 A.U. *
6Aquafilter 0.560 A.U. *
*The weight gain due to absorbance of smoke components on the Aquafilter could not be determined, since the Aquafilter actually lost weight during passage of smoke, presumably due to evaporation of water.
Based on the absorbance data, the filters according to one aspect of the present invention (Tests 3 and 4) are significantly more effective than conventional cellulose acetate filters without the humectant (Tests 1 and 2), and also more effective than the Aquafilter (Tests 5 and 6).
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a filter for tobacco smoke comprising a porous substrate having microcapsules dispersed W O 97t22268 PCT/US95/16486 therein. The microcapsules preferentially include an inner core with an outer shell.
The core of the microcapsules comprise at least one vegetable oil. Suitable vegetable oils include at least one oil selected from the group consisting of castor oil, cotton seed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, and rape oil. In a preferred embodiment, the vegetable oil is safflower oil. Other oils are also suitable, as will be understood by those with skill in the art with reference to the disclosure herein. In a preferred embodiment, the vegetable oil is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80% by dry weight of the microcapsules, and more preferably from about 30 to about 70~ by dry weight of the microcapsules.
In a preferred embodiment, the microcapsule cores also contain chlorophyllin. When present, the chlorophyllin is preferably in an amount of from about 1 to about 10% by dry weight of the microcapsules, and more preferably from about 2 to about 5% by dry weight of the microcapsules.
The microcapsule shells comprise a humectant. In a preferred embodiment, the humectant is sodium pyroglutamate, though other humectants can be used as will be understood by those with skill in the art with reference to the disclosure herein. In a preferred embodiment, the humectant, such as sodium pyroglutamate, is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 90% by dry weight of the microcapsules, and more preferably from about 20 to about 70% by dry weight of the microcapsules.
In another preferred em~odiment, the microcapsule shells also comprise methylcellulose. In a preferred embodiment, the methylcellulose is present in an amount of from about 5 to about 30% by dry weight of the microcapsules, and more preferab~y from about 10 to about 25% by dry weight of the microcapsules.
W O 97/22268 PCT~US95/16486 In another preferred embodiment, the microcapsule shells also comprise a polymeric agent such as polyvinylalcohol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone, or can comprise both polyvinylalcohol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone, in addition to~ 5 methylcellulose or in place of methylcellulose. In a preferred embodiment, the polymeric agent is present in an amount of from about 2 to about 30~ by dry weight of the microcapsules, and more preferably from about 5 to about 20%
by dry weight of the microcapsules.
Compounds used in formulation of microcapsules according to the present invention are available from a variety of sources known to those with skill in the art, such as Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, M0 USA.
Microcapsules suitable for use in the present ~5 invention can be made according to a variety of methods known to those with skill in the art. For example, microcapsules according to the present invention can be produced by combining 200 g of vegetable oil with 500 g of an aqueous suspension comprising 25 g of low-viscosity methylcellulose, 5 g of chlorophyllin, 50 g of sodium pyroglutamate and 150 g of corn starch in water. The mixture is emulsified and spray-dried to form microcapsules.
Microcapsules according to the present invention can be formed by spray drying methods at the site of cigarette manufacturing machinery by spraying onto sheets of cellulose acetate filter tow before the tow is formed into cylindrical filters. Alternatively, suitable microcapsules can be premanufactured and added to sheets of cellulose acetate filter tow by dropping the microcapsule onto the tow with a vibrating pan or by other t~chn;ques as will be understood by those with skill in the art with reference to the disclosure herein.
As will be appreciated by those with skill in the art, the manufacture of filters containing microcapsules according to the present invention will require only minor W O 97/22268 PCT~US95/16486 modification of conventional filter-cigarette manufacturing e~uipment. Further, the manufacture of filters containing microcapsules according to the present invention is only t marginally more expensive than conventional filters.
In use, the humectant portion of the microcapsules traps moisture from tobacco smo~e passing through the filter.
Sodium pyroglutamate is particularly preferred because it can be incorporated into the filter in a dry form.
When present, the oil portion of the microcapsules traps certain harmful volatile compounds like pyridine without impeding the flow of flavor and aroma producing compounds.
When present, chlorophyllin is a potent inactivator of carcinogenic components of tobacco smoke.
The methylcellulose portion of the microcapsules imparts structural stability to the microcapsules but disperses upon warming and when exposed to moisture. Unlike most commonly used viscosity-imparting substances, methylcellulose precipitates from warm solutions. Further, it is soluble at lower temperatures than most commonly used viscosity-imparting substances.
When tobacco smoke filters containing microcapsules comprising a shell of sodium pyroglutamate and methylcellulose and a core of vegetable oil and chlorophyllin, according to the present invention, filter tobacco smoke, the microcapsules capture heat and moisture from the tobacco smoke. The methylcellulose precipitates into a fibrous material which increases the effective surface area available for wet-filtration of the tobacco smoke. This allows the moisture retained by the sodium pyroglutamate to rapidly disperse into the filter material. The chlorophyllin partitions approximately evenly between the aqueous and oil environments r allowing increased inactivation of both particulate and vapor-phase toxic and mutagenic compounds of tobacco smoke than if the chlorophyllin was available in only one phase.
W O 97/22268 PCT~US95/16486 According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cigarette filter comprising copper phthalocyanine trisulfonate. This compound can be added directly to tobacco smoke filters. Alternatively, the copper phthalocyanine trisulfonate can be incorporated into a tobacco smoke filter as a covalently bound ligand to cotton, such as "blue cotton", or to rayon or other suitable material.
Also alternatively, copper phthalocyanine trisulfonate can be added to other tobacco smoke filter embodiments of the present invention. In a preferred embodiment, the copper phthalocyanine trisulfonate is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 5% by dry weight of the filter whether free or covalently bound. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the copper phthalocyanine trisulfonate is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 3% by dry weight of the filter. In use, this compound functions to remove toxic and mutagenic compounds present in tobacco smoke such as carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
In another preferred embodiment, the filters of the present invention additionally comprise at least one surfactant to improve the effectiveness of wet-filtering the tobacco smoke. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the surfactant is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10%, and more preferably from about 0.1 to about 2% by weight of the filter.
The surfactant is preferably nontoxic and can include one or more of the following classes of compounds: (1) a polyoxyalkylene derivative of a sorbitan fatty acid ester (i.e., polyoxyalkylene sorbitan esters), (2) a fatty acid monoester of a polyhydroxy-alcohol, or (3) a fatty acid diester of a polyhydroxy alcohol, though other suitable surfactants will be understood by those with skill in the art with reference to the disclosure herein. Examples of suitable surfactants include ethoxylates, carboxylic acid esters, glycerol esters, polyoxyethylene esters, anhydrosorbitol W O 97/22268 PCT~US95/16486 esters, ethoxylated anhydrosorbitol esters, ethoxylated natural fats, oils and waxes, glycol esters of fatty acids, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides, polyalkylene oxide block copolymers, and poly(oxyethylene-co-oxypropylene). Other suitable surfactants can also be used as will be understood by those with skill in the art with reference to the disclosure herein.
The filter can additionally include other substances which filter or inactivate toxic or mutagenic components of tobacco smoke. Examples of such substances include anti-oxidants and radical scavengers such as glutathione, cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, mesna, ascorbate, and N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenyldiamine; aldehyde inactivators such as ene-diol compounds, amines, and aminothiols; nitrosamine traps and carcinogen inactivators such as ion-exchange resins, chlorophyll, chlorophyllin, copper phthalocyanine trisulfonate; and nicotine traps such as tannic acid and other organic acids. Other suitable substances can also be used as will be understood by those with skill in the art with reference to the disclosure herein. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the other substances are present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10%, and more preferably from about 0.1 to about 2~ by weight of the filter.
Further, the filters of the present invention are preferably provided with an exterior, circumferential, moisture-impervious barrier or casing to prevent wetting of the smoker's hands. Such a barrier can be made from a polymeric material such as ethylvinyl acetate copolymer, polypropylene, or nylon, as is understood by those with skill in the art.
~ he filters of the present invention can be provided in combination with cigarettes or cigars or other smokable devices containing divided tobacco, being secured to one end of the smokable device. The filter can also be provided by itself, in a form ~uitable for attachment to a cigarette, cigar, pipe, or other smokable device.
Although the present invention has been discussed in considerable detail with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, other embodiments are possible.
Therefore, the spirit and scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the description of the preferred embodiments contained herein.
6Aquafilter 0.560 A.U. *
*The weight gain due to absorbance of smoke components on the Aquafilter could not be determined, since the Aquafilter actually lost weight during passage of smoke, presumably due to evaporation of water.
Based on the absorbance data, the filters according to one aspect of the present invention (Tests 3 and 4) are significantly more effective than conventional cellulose acetate filters without the humectant (Tests 1 and 2), and also more effective than the Aquafilter (Tests 5 and 6).
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a filter for tobacco smoke comprising a porous substrate having microcapsules dispersed W O 97t22268 PCT/US95/16486 therein. The microcapsules preferentially include an inner core with an outer shell.
The core of the microcapsules comprise at least one vegetable oil. Suitable vegetable oils include at least one oil selected from the group consisting of castor oil, cotton seed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, and rape oil. In a preferred embodiment, the vegetable oil is safflower oil. Other oils are also suitable, as will be understood by those with skill in the art with reference to the disclosure herein. In a preferred embodiment, the vegetable oil is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80% by dry weight of the microcapsules, and more preferably from about 30 to about 70~ by dry weight of the microcapsules.
In a preferred embodiment, the microcapsule cores also contain chlorophyllin. When present, the chlorophyllin is preferably in an amount of from about 1 to about 10% by dry weight of the microcapsules, and more preferably from about 2 to about 5% by dry weight of the microcapsules.
The microcapsule shells comprise a humectant. In a preferred embodiment, the humectant is sodium pyroglutamate, though other humectants can be used as will be understood by those with skill in the art with reference to the disclosure herein. In a preferred embodiment, the humectant, such as sodium pyroglutamate, is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 90% by dry weight of the microcapsules, and more preferably from about 20 to about 70% by dry weight of the microcapsules.
In another preferred em~odiment, the microcapsule shells also comprise methylcellulose. In a preferred embodiment, the methylcellulose is present in an amount of from about 5 to about 30% by dry weight of the microcapsules, and more preferab~y from about 10 to about 25% by dry weight of the microcapsules.
W O 97/22268 PCT~US95/16486 In another preferred embodiment, the microcapsule shells also comprise a polymeric agent such as polyvinylalcohol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone, or can comprise both polyvinylalcohol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone, in addition to~ 5 methylcellulose or in place of methylcellulose. In a preferred embodiment, the polymeric agent is present in an amount of from about 2 to about 30~ by dry weight of the microcapsules, and more preferably from about 5 to about 20%
by dry weight of the microcapsules.
Compounds used in formulation of microcapsules according to the present invention are available from a variety of sources known to those with skill in the art, such as Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, M0 USA.
Microcapsules suitable for use in the present ~5 invention can be made according to a variety of methods known to those with skill in the art. For example, microcapsules according to the present invention can be produced by combining 200 g of vegetable oil with 500 g of an aqueous suspension comprising 25 g of low-viscosity methylcellulose, 5 g of chlorophyllin, 50 g of sodium pyroglutamate and 150 g of corn starch in water. The mixture is emulsified and spray-dried to form microcapsules.
Microcapsules according to the present invention can be formed by spray drying methods at the site of cigarette manufacturing machinery by spraying onto sheets of cellulose acetate filter tow before the tow is formed into cylindrical filters. Alternatively, suitable microcapsules can be premanufactured and added to sheets of cellulose acetate filter tow by dropping the microcapsule onto the tow with a vibrating pan or by other t~chn;ques as will be understood by those with skill in the art with reference to the disclosure herein.
As will be appreciated by those with skill in the art, the manufacture of filters containing microcapsules according to the present invention will require only minor W O 97/22268 PCT~US95/16486 modification of conventional filter-cigarette manufacturing e~uipment. Further, the manufacture of filters containing microcapsules according to the present invention is only t marginally more expensive than conventional filters.
In use, the humectant portion of the microcapsules traps moisture from tobacco smo~e passing through the filter.
Sodium pyroglutamate is particularly preferred because it can be incorporated into the filter in a dry form.
When present, the oil portion of the microcapsules traps certain harmful volatile compounds like pyridine without impeding the flow of flavor and aroma producing compounds.
When present, chlorophyllin is a potent inactivator of carcinogenic components of tobacco smoke.
The methylcellulose portion of the microcapsules imparts structural stability to the microcapsules but disperses upon warming and when exposed to moisture. Unlike most commonly used viscosity-imparting substances, methylcellulose precipitates from warm solutions. Further, it is soluble at lower temperatures than most commonly used viscosity-imparting substances.
When tobacco smoke filters containing microcapsules comprising a shell of sodium pyroglutamate and methylcellulose and a core of vegetable oil and chlorophyllin, according to the present invention, filter tobacco smoke, the microcapsules capture heat and moisture from the tobacco smoke. The methylcellulose precipitates into a fibrous material which increases the effective surface area available for wet-filtration of the tobacco smoke. This allows the moisture retained by the sodium pyroglutamate to rapidly disperse into the filter material. The chlorophyllin partitions approximately evenly between the aqueous and oil environments r allowing increased inactivation of both particulate and vapor-phase toxic and mutagenic compounds of tobacco smoke than if the chlorophyllin was available in only one phase.
W O 97/22268 PCT~US95/16486 According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cigarette filter comprising copper phthalocyanine trisulfonate. This compound can be added directly to tobacco smoke filters. Alternatively, the copper phthalocyanine trisulfonate can be incorporated into a tobacco smoke filter as a covalently bound ligand to cotton, such as "blue cotton", or to rayon or other suitable material.
Also alternatively, copper phthalocyanine trisulfonate can be added to other tobacco smoke filter embodiments of the present invention. In a preferred embodiment, the copper phthalocyanine trisulfonate is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 5% by dry weight of the filter whether free or covalently bound. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the copper phthalocyanine trisulfonate is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 3% by dry weight of the filter. In use, this compound functions to remove toxic and mutagenic compounds present in tobacco smoke such as carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
In another preferred embodiment, the filters of the present invention additionally comprise at least one surfactant to improve the effectiveness of wet-filtering the tobacco smoke. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the surfactant is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10%, and more preferably from about 0.1 to about 2% by weight of the filter.
The surfactant is preferably nontoxic and can include one or more of the following classes of compounds: (1) a polyoxyalkylene derivative of a sorbitan fatty acid ester (i.e., polyoxyalkylene sorbitan esters), (2) a fatty acid monoester of a polyhydroxy-alcohol, or (3) a fatty acid diester of a polyhydroxy alcohol, though other suitable surfactants will be understood by those with skill in the art with reference to the disclosure herein. Examples of suitable surfactants include ethoxylates, carboxylic acid esters, glycerol esters, polyoxyethylene esters, anhydrosorbitol W O 97/22268 PCT~US95/16486 esters, ethoxylated anhydrosorbitol esters, ethoxylated natural fats, oils and waxes, glycol esters of fatty acids, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides, polyalkylene oxide block copolymers, and poly(oxyethylene-co-oxypropylene). Other suitable surfactants can also be used as will be understood by those with skill in the art with reference to the disclosure herein.
The filter can additionally include other substances which filter or inactivate toxic or mutagenic components of tobacco smoke. Examples of such substances include anti-oxidants and radical scavengers such as glutathione, cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, mesna, ascorbate, and N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenyldiamine; aldehyde inactivators such as ene-diol compounds, amines, and aminothiols; nitrosamine traps and carcinogen inactivators such as ion-exchange resins, chlorophyll, chlorophyllin, copper phthalocyanine trisulfonate; and nicotine traps such as tannic acid and other organic acids. Other suitable substances can also be used as will be understood by those with skill in the art with reference to the disclosure herein. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the other substances are present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10%, and more preferably from about 0.1 to about 2~ by weight of the filter.
Further, the filters of the present invention are preferably provided with an exterior, circumferential, moisture-impervious barrier or casing to prevent wetting of the smoker's hands. Such a barrier can be made from a polymeric material such as ethylvinyl acetate copolymer, polypropylene, or nylon, as is understood by those with skill in the art.
~ he filters of the present invention can be provided in combination with cigarettes or cigars or other smokable devices containing divided tobacco, being secured to one end of the smokable device. The filter can also be provided by itself, in a form ~uitable for attachment to a cigarette, cigar, pipe, or other smokable device.
Although the present invention has been discussed in considerable detail with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, other embodiments are possible.
Therefore, the spirit and scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the description of the preferred embodiments contained herein.
Claims (17)
1. A tobacco smoke filter comprising a porous substrate having microcapsules dispersed therein, wherein the microcapsules comprise a core and a shell, and wherein the shell comprises sodium pyroglutamate.
2. The filter of claim 1, wherein the microcapsule further comprises chlorophyllin.
3. The filter of claim 1, wherein the microcapsules further comprise methylcellulose.
4. The filter of claim 1, wherein the microcapsules further comprise a vegetable oil.
5. The filter of claim 1, wherein the core comprises a vegetable oil and chlorophyllin.
6. The filter of claim 1, wherein the shell further comprises methylcellulose.
7. The filter of claim 1, wherein the core comprises vegetable oil and chlorophyllin, and wherein the shell further comprises methylcellulose.
8. A smokable device comprising the filter of claim 1 affixed to a body of tobacco.
9. A tobacco smoke filter comprising a porous substrate having microcapsules dispersed therein, wherein the microcapsules comprise a core and a shell, and wherein the shell comprises methylcellulose.
10. The filter of claim 9, wherein the microcapsule further comprises chlorophyllin.
11. The filter of claim 9, wherein the microcapsules further comprise sodium pyroglutamate.
12. The filter of claim 9, wherein the microcapsules further comprise a vegetable oil.
13. The filter of claim 9, wherein the core comprises a vegetable oil and chlorophyllin.
14. The filter of claim 9, wherein the shell further comprises sodium pyroglutamate.
15. The filter of claim 9, wherein the core comprises vegetable oil and chlorophyllin, and wherein the shell further comprises sodium pyroglutamate.
16. The filter of claim 9, wherein the humectant is sodium pyroglutamate.
17. A smokable device comprising the filter of claim 9 affixed to a body of tobacco.
Priority Applications (14)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP52273297A JP3204511B2 (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1995-12-19 | Cigarette filter containing microcapsules |
CA002239494A CA2239494C (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1995-12-19 | Cigarette filter containing microcapsules |
CN 95198004 CN1106810C (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1995-12-19 | Cigarette filter containing microcapsules |
AT95943867T ATE206880T1 (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1995-12-19 | CIGARETTE FILTER CONTAINING MICRO CAPSULES |
DK95943867T DK0868126T3 (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1995-12-19 | Cigarette filter containing microcapsules |
PT95943867T PT868126E (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1995-12-19 | CIGAR FILTER CONTAINING MICROCAPSULES |
ES95943867T ES2165928T3 (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1995-12-19 | CIGARETTE FILTER CONTAINING MICROCAPSULES. |
EP95943867A EP0868126B1 (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1995-12-19 | Cigarette filter containing microcapsules |
DE69523345T DE69523345T2 (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1995-12-19 | MICROCAPSULES CONTAINING CIGARETTE FILTER |
BR9510674-0A BR9510674A (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1995-12-19 | Cigarette filter containing microcapsules. |
PCT/US1995/016486 WO1997022268A1 (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1995-12-19 | Cigarette filter containing microcapsules |
AU45231/96A AU697996B2 (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1995-12-19 | Cigarette filter containing microcapsules |
SI9530555T SI0868126T1 (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1995-12-19 | Cigarette filter containing microcapsules |
AU12172/99A AU707775B2 (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1999-01-21 | Cigarette filter containing microcapsules |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN 95198004 CN1106810C (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1995-12-19 | Cigarette filter containing microcapsules |
CA002239494A CA2239494C (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1995-12-19 | Cigarette filter containing microcapsules |
PCT/US1995/016486 WO1997022268A1 (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1995-12-19 | Cigarette filter containing microcapsules |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2239494A1 CA2239494A1 (en) | 1997-06-26 |
CA2239494C true CA2239494C (en) | 2000-08-22 |
Family
ID=38562840
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002239494A Expired - Fee Related CA2239494C (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1995-12-19 | Cigarette filter containing microcapsules |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0868126B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3204511B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1106810C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE206880T1 (en) |
AU (2) | AU697996B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9510674A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2239494C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69523345T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0868126T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2165928T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT868126E (en) |
SI (1) | SI0868126T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997022268A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5746231A (en) * | 1993-01-11 | 1998-05-05 | Craig Lesser | Tobacco smoke filter for removing toxic compounds |
RU2254790C2 (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2005-06-27 | Филлижент Лимитед | Tobacco filter |
CN1103197C (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2003-03-19 | 北京倍和德营养制品科技发展有限公司 | Filter tip capable of eliminating free radical in cigarette fume and its making process |
RU2264767C2 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2005-11-27 | Джапан Тобакко Инк. | Cigarette filter and cigarette with filter |
JP4224459B2 (en) * | 2002-09-19 | 2009-02-12 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | Tobacco filter |
WO2004026054A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2004-04-01 | Japan Tobacco Inc. | Filter for cigarette |
PT1594376E (en) * | 2003-02-18 | 2007-01-31 | Filligent Ltd | Filter containing a metal phthalocyanine and a polycationic polymer |
GR1004550B (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2004-05-11 | Γεωργιος Δεληκωνσταντινος | Neutralization of toxic substances in cigarette smoke with a biological filter containing esters of carboxymetallo-porphyrins with bioflavonoids and sugars |
FI120526B (en) * | 2007-05-16 | 2009-11-30 | Biohit Oyj | Filter for tobacco product |
CN102132953B (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2013-04-03 | 华宝食用香精香料(上海)有限公司 | Method for preparing salvia miltiorrhiza extract microcapsules and use of product thereof |
CN102783708A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2012-11-21 | 上海烟草集团有限责任公司 | Vegetable oil type tobacco humectant and preparation method thereof |
CN105361242A (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2016-03-02 | 江南大学 | Multifunctional cigarette cracking capsule based on liquid marble and preparation method of multifunctional cigarette cracking capsule |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3279476A (en) * | 1964-04-16 | 1966-10-18 | Beatrice Foods Co | Cigarette filter |
DE2140346A1 (en) * | 1971-08-19 | 1973-02-22 | Eiichiro Nakatsuka | TOBACCO SMOKE FILTER |
JPS5739767A (en) * | 1980-08-23 | 1982-03-05 | Advance Kk | Tobacco filter |
JPS57138375A (en) * | 1981-02-18 | 1982-08-26 | Kowa Co | Tobacco filter |
GB2179557B (en) * | 1985-08-30 | 1988-01-20 | Roy E Martin | Smoke filter |
US5249588A (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1993-10-05 | British-American Tobacco Company Limited | Smoking articles |
CN1066767A (en) * | 1991-05-23 | 1992-12-09 | 高春平 | Filtering material for carcinogen in the tobacco smoke |
ES2074962B1 (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1996-05-16 | Lopez Acedo Fernandez Shaw Cec | LIQUID FILTER FOR RETENTION OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN TOBACCO, PROCEDURE FOR ITS PREPARATION AND APPLICATIONS. |
-
1995
- 1995-12-19 AT AT95943867T patent/ATE206880T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-19 JP JP52273297A patent/JP3204511B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-19 BR BR9510674-0A patent/BR9510674A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-12-19 WO PCT/US1995/016486 patent/WO1997022268A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-12-19 PT PT95943867T patent/PT868126E/en unknown
- 1995-12-19 DK DK95943867T patent/DK0868126T3/en active
- 1995-12-19 CN CN 95198004 patent/CN1106810C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-19 CA CA002239494A patent/CA2239494C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-19 EP EP95943867A patent/EP0868126B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-19 ES ES95943867T patent/ES2165928T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-19 SI SI9530555T patent/SI0868126T1/en unknown
- 1995-12-19 AU AU45231/96A patent/AU697996B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-12-19 DE DE69523345T patent/DE69523345T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-01-21 AU AU12172/99A patent/AU707775B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3204511B2 (en) | 2001-09-04 |
CN1106810C (en) | 2003-04-30 |
ATE206880T1 (en) | 2001-11-15 |
BR9510674A (en) | 1999-11-30 |
WO1997022268A1 (en) | 1997-06-26 |
JPH11500926A (en) | 1999-01-26 |
EP0868126B1 (en) | 2001-10-17 |
AU4523196A (en) | 1997-07-14 |
AU707775B2 (en) | 1999-07-22 |
DK0868126T3 (en) | 2002-01-28 |
ES2165928T3 (en) | 2002-04-01 |
AU1217299A (en) | 1999-03-25 |
SI0868126T1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
CA2239494A1 (en) | 1997-06-26 |
AU697996B2 (en) | 1998-10-22 |
PT868126E (en) | 2002-04-29 |
EP0868126A1 (en) | 1998-10-07 |
DE69523345D1 (en) | 2001-11-22 |
CN1204948A (en) | 1999-01-13 |
DE69523345T2 (en) | 2002-09-05 |
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Legal Events
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EEER | Examination request | ||
MKLA | Lapsed |