CA2209641A1 - Apparatus for the treatment of mixtures of useful materials - Google Patents
Apparatus for the treatment of mixtures of useful materialsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2209641A1 CA2209641A1 CA 2209641 CA2209641A CA2209641A1 CA 2209641 A1 CA2209641 A1 CA 2209641A1 CA 2209641 CA2209641 CA 2209641 CA 2209641 A CA2209641 A CA 2209641A CA 2209641 A1 CA2209641 A1 CA 2209641A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tear
- open
- blades
- drive
- knives
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B69/00—Unpacking of articles or materials, not otherwise provided for
- B65B69/0008—Opening and emptying bags
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)
Abstract
An apparatus for the treatment of mixtures of useful materials, particularly of household garbage or the like, and, in particular, for opening plastic garbage bags with individual useful materials contained therein is proposed. In order to tear up plastic bags of this type in an apparatus, there are provided a plurality of tear-open blades which are arranged parallel and which are equipped with rotating chains, on which tear-open knives for the plastic bags are located. Adjacent chains of the tear-open blades run at different speeds (Figure 1).
Description
7 ~
~pparatus for the treatment of mixture~ of useful materials"
The invention relates to an apparatus for the treatment of mixtures of useful materials according to the pre~mhle of claim 1.
Prior art:
The el;m;n~tion of garbage, particularly also of household garbage, compels municipalities to resort cont;n~ ly to the latest measures. Although the inciner-ation of garbage is a workable alternative to garbageelimination, useful raw materials are simply destroyed as a result.
Many garbage utilization systems, in which useful raw materials are recovered from the mixture of useful materials, have become known in recent years. For this purpose, for example, the "Dual System", in which indus-try gives a guarantee to take back packaging materials of all types, was established in Gel~al~y. With this in view, packaging is provided with the so-called "Green Spotn.
This involves packaging of all types, such as glass, tinplate, al~lm;nll~, paperboard, cardboard, paper, plastics, composite materials, etc. The aim is to collect on a large scale these packaging materials which ensue, sort them and deliver the recovered individual fractions to a recycling process. However, in this case, there is the problem that, in future, enormous quantities of packaging material will be produced which are unsorted and which have to be a~ ~liately treated.
In a particular method of collecting such packag-ing of all types, it is collected, mixed, in a plasticbag by the ~nsumer. These plastic bags cont~; n i ng packaging of all types are then picked up from the individual households by the municipalities and delivered to a sorting plant. In this case, there is the problem, at the commencement of the sorting plant, as to-the way in which the p~ck~ging can be extracted from the plastic bag automatically.
. _ _ CA 02209641 1997-07-04 Advantages of the invention:
The invention is aimed at a particular field of use here, the object on which the invention is based being to provide an apparatus for the treatment of such mixtures of useful materials, which, in particular, makes it possible, for example, also to tear open plastic bags with packaging of all types contA;ne~ therein and to allow the plastic bags to be separated and consequently the individual fractions of useful materials to be extracted from the bags. However, the object of the invention is also to provide an apparatus which is generally suitable for tearing up garbage, in which case the operation has to be carried out econn~;cally and effectively.
This object is achieved by means of the features of claim 1. The sub~l~im~ specify- advantageous and expedient developments and ref;n~m~nts of the apparatus according to the invention.
The invention is based on the central idea that large quantities of garbage can be proce~sed economically only in an apparatus working automatically and in plants arranged correspon~;ngly downstream. The apparatus according to the invention therefore has the advantage that, for example, garbage bags which occur, together with the useful materials cont~;ne~ therein, can easily be separated into the plastic bag and the bag content as constituents, so that the mixture of useful materials from the plastic bag can subsequently be treated further.
A particular difficulty, in this case, i8 to achieve a separation of these constituents, since the large-area plastic bags would generally clog a conventional screen-ing device.
To achieve this object, the present invention is based on the central idea that the garbage bags intro-duced into an apparatus are treated in such a way thattear-open knives having different se~uences of ,o~_cnt on the garbage bag positively cause the garbage bag to be torn open. So-called tear-open blades arranged next to one another provide a transport device which extends over ~ =
a plurality of meters and on which the garbage bag is transported further and is torn open during this trans-port operation. On the one hand, therefore, the apparatu~
according to the invention transports the introduced garbage bags over a transport stage, on which they are simultaneously torn open, so that the garbage constitu-ents fall out of the garbage bag between the tear-open blades and can be disposed. The treatment apparatus therefore constitutes a kind of transport screen, at the same time with a bag tear-open device and a singling-out device.
The garbage bags are torn open in a particularly expedient way in that the tear-open blades have a rotat-ing chain equipped with tear-open knives or tear-open spikes, different speeds of the tear-open knives of the respective tear-open blades l~; ng to a mutual relative movement of said tear-open knives which causes the garbage bags re~ting on them to be torn open reliably.
In a ref;n~m~nt of the invention, the tear-open knives of the respective tear-open blades can move at different relative speeds in the same direction or in opposite directions. It has proved particularly advan-tageous that an equidirectional ~v~-_nt of tear-open blades arranged parallel to one another leads to a transport ~.ov_~cnt of the garbage bags which are deposited on one side of the apparatus and which are torn open during transport over the tear-open blades, so that the garbage contained in them. falls through between the tear-open blades over the stage of travel and the bag resting on them can be stripped off or ~.oved at the end of the tear-open blades. As a result, clogging of the installation caused by empty garbage bags resting on it is ruled out and the garbage constituents are simult-aneously singled out from the bag.
The tear-open blades located next to one another and having drive ch~;n~ rotating on them may be oriented in parallel and horizontally. ~owever, in a modification of the invention, they may also be designed to fan open in the direction of transport, so that the distance -. , ~ CA 02209641 1997-07-04 .
between the tear-open blades increases constantly in the direction of transport of the garbage bags supplied. As a result, in particular, the distance at the start of the transport stage for the garbage bags can be kept rela-tively small, so that a plurality of tear-open blades located next to one another grasp the respective garbage bag and tear it apart. When the garbage bag has been torn open, the garbage can then fall through between the wi~n;ng tear-open blades.
The advantage of a slightly asc~n~;ng arrangement of the transport blades in the direction of transport of the garbage bags is that the dwell time of the latter on the transport device of the rotating transport ch~;n~ is longer. The duration of treatment on the garbage bags is thereby increased, without the transport stage being length~n~.
The ch~; nc rotate on the tear-open blades in the manner of known chain saws, that is to say a drive wheel, via which the rotating chain is guided and driven, is located on one end face of the tear-open blades. Accord-ing to the invention, different rotational~speeds of adjacent tear-open blades may be achieved by m~nc of different-sized diameters of such drive wheels and/or by m~n.~ of different revolutions of the respective drive shafts. In this case, it is expedient if each next-but-one drive wheel for an associated tear-open blade is arranged on a common shaft as a common drive, the dia-meters of the drive wheels of the two drive shafts located parallel to one another being varied. This ensures that, in each case, adjacent drive blades run at different transport speeds of the rotating c~;n~ and consequently of the tear-open knives arranged on them.
The apparatus according to the invention is advantageously designed with a chain tensioner for each rotating chain, the chain tensioner having a regulating device with an automatic cutoff means which cuts off the transport of the chain completely or intermittently as soon as any appreciable jamming of the chain takes place.
Furthermore, the invention is advantageously CA 02.09641 1997 - 07 - 04 bro~ene~ by a plurality of, for example, parallel holdi~g-down means which are, for example, in each case located above the tear-open blades in an obliquely inclined arrangement. The deposited garbage bags are therefore grasped by the transport device of the tear-open blades and are drawn in a wedge-like manner under the obliquely exten~; n~ holding-down means which, them-selves, may be equipped on their undersides with tear-open knives. In this case, the holding-down means may be mounted rotatably or pivotably at a front end via a common axis of rotation, so that the region located at the rear in the direction of transport can be pivoted up and down. This prevents the garbage constituents from becoming jammed.
Further details of the invention emerge from the exemplary embodiment which is described below and which is explained with reference to the drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows a perspecti~e illustration of the apparatus according to the invention, Figure 2 shows a side view of the apparatus in longi-tll~;n~l section, Figure 3 shows a top view of the apparatus according to Figures 1 and 2, Figure 4 shows an end view of the apparatus in the region of the drive, Figure 5 shows an enlarged illustration of the free end of a tear-open blade, and Figure 6 shows an alternative embodiment with differ-ently arranged tear-open blades in fanned-open form.
Description of the exemplary embsA;m~nt:
The apparatus 1 according to the invention, illustrated diay r d~atically in Figures 1 to 4, serves for the treatment of mixtures 2 of useful materials, particularly of household garbage or the like, which is initially located in a closed plastic garbage bag 3. In this case, the apparatus 1 serves particularly for opening the initially closed plastic garbage bag 3 and , ~ CA 02209641 1997-07-04 subsequently for singling out and distributing the mixture of useful materials along the apparatus. The apparatus 1 comprises a trough-shaped receiving cont~;n~r 4 with an obli~ue end wall 5 designed as an entry shoot and with two side walls 6, 7 for limiting the working apparatus laterally. The side 8 located opposite the end wall 5 is designed to be open.
Located in the bottom region 9 of the receiving cont~;ne~ 4, in the exemplary ~bodiment, are five so-called tear-open blades 10 to 14 which are arranged next to one another and which extend over a length 1~
being 2 to 3 m. The tear-open blades 10 to 14 are designed in the ~-nn~ or on the principle of a known chain saw, that is to say a rotating chain 16 runs into corresponA; ng guide slots 17 on the respective flat and on-edge blade body 15 having the height hl, the chain 16 being designed as a round link chain 16. In such an arrangement, horizontally oriented chain links 18 alter-nate with vertically oriented chain links 19, the hori-zontal chain links 18 resting on the top edge 20 of theguide slot 17 and the lower vertical part 19' of the vertically oriented chain link 19 being held and guided on both ~ides in the guide slot 17. To that extent, the round link chain 16 rotates in the blade body 15 in a fully guided manner (see also Figure 5). In Figure 2, the upper strand of the chain 16 iS designated by 16' and the lower strand of the chain by 16''.
The round link chain carries so-called tear-open knives 21 which stand vertically upward on the upper strand 16', in each case at a mutual distance 12 of 400 =, and which, for example, project above the chain 16 at a height h2 ~f 5 to 40 =. The tear-open knives 21 may also be of bolt-shaped design and, for example, are mounted on the respective vertically oriented chain link 19 via a welded joint 22.
The chain 16 is transported via a drive 23, 24 which is described in more detail with reference to Figure 4.
The tear-open blades 10 to 14, oriented approxi-mately horizontally, lie next to one another at a mutual ~ distance a1, the distance being a~ Gximately 120 to 180 mm. This lateral distance between the tear-open blades next to one another must, in any event, be dimen-sioned in such a way that even garbage bags 3 filled onlya little cannot fall through an interspace 31 between the tear-open blades.
The drive of the chain 16 is shown in more detail in the illustration according to Figures 2 and 4.
As is evident from the top view in Figures 1 and 3, the ch~;n~ 16 of the tear-open blades 10 to 14 should have different speeds v1, v2. In particular, the ch~in.c 16 of the tear-open blades 10, 12, 14 have a first speed vl and the ~h~;nc 16 of the tear-open blades 11, 13 have a second speed v2, whereby v2 ~ v1. According to the illustration in Figure 4, this is achieved in that the drive wheels 25 for the c~;nc 16 of the tear-open blades 10, 12, 14 have a smaller diameter d1 than the drive wheels 26 for the ch~;n~ 16 of the tear-open blades 11, 13 having a diameter d2 (d2 ~ dl). In addition, the drive wheels 25 are located on a first drive shaft 27 having the associated drive motor 24 and the drive wheels 26 are located on a second drive shaft 28 having the associated drive motor 23.
~ 25 In light of the different sizes or diameters of the drive wheels 25, 26 and/or of the different rotational speeds of the drive shafts 27, 28, the speeds v1, v2 of the ~h~;n~ 16 of the tear-open blades 10 to 14 may be varied sharply, so that the tear-open knives or tear-open bolts 21 arranged on the ~;nc 16 and belong-ing to adjacent tear-open blades execute different m~v~ ts. Conse~uently, according to the illustration in Figures 1 and 2, a plastic bag 3 deposited on the entry shoot 5 slides onto the front portion 29 (dumping region) of the tear-open blades 10 to 14 and is transported in the direction of transport 30, that is to say to the left in Figure 2. In this case, as illustrated in the Figures, the closed and filled plastic gar~age bag 3 rests on the plurality of tear-open blades 10 to 14 arranged parallel -to one another and is grasped by the transport chain 16 having the upwardly directed tear-open knives 21. Since the transport rh~;n~ 16 of adjacent tear-open blades 10 to 14 move differently at the speeds ~1~ v2, this results in a relative ~.~v~ent of the adjacent tear-open blades and consequently in the pla~tic garbage bag being torn open during the transport ...~v ~-t on the tear-open blades 10 over the transport length which corresponds approximately to the length l1. The garbage bag thus torn open gradually releases its content of the mixture of useful materials, so that this content falls downward through the interspace 31 between the respective tear-open blades 10 to 14 and impinges onto a co-L~yor belt 32 arranged below the receiving cont~; ne~ 4. This mixture 2 of useful materials falling downward onto the co-ve~or band 32 is illustrated dia~ .atically in Figures 1 and 2.
The apparatus 1 may additionally be equipped with a number of parallel holding-down means 33 which are located in a rod-shaped ~-nn~r over virtually the entire transport stage l1 of the tear-open blades ~above the respective interspace 31 (see Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4). For greater clarity, only two holding-down means 33 are shown in each case in Figures 1, 3, 4 and 6. They are located in all the interspaces 31 between or above the tear-open blades 10 to 14. The holding-down means 33, having a ~ length 12, are fastened pivotably on one side on a horizontal axle 35 in the region of the bag feed 34 and form a kind of entry orifice 36 for the plastic bag 3.
The axle 35 is therefore arranged at a height h3 above the upper strand 16' of the chain 16, said height allowing the bag 3 to come to rest below the holding-down means 33. Starting from this axle 35, the holding-down means 33 slopes approximately as far a~ the end region 36 of the respective tear-open blade located next to it, that is to say a decreasing wedge-like entry gap 37 having the angle a = 15~ is formed. The free end 38 Of the holding-down means 33 is consequently mounted so.as to be freely pivotable upward and downward (see arrow 39) ~ ~ CA 02209641 1997-07-04 g and i~ limited in its lowest position by a suspension chain 40 at the rear end 38.
The holding-down means 33 may itself have, in its lower region, tear-open knives 41 which may likewise extend over the entire length 12. The plastic bag 3 may thereby be shredded from below by the tear-open knives 21 and from above by the tear-open ~nives 41.
The garbage material co~Lv~yed in the direction of transport 30 via the transport device of the chain 16 therefore falls through the interspace 31 between the individual tear-open blades after the bag has been opened, the empty bag 3 being stripped off at the end 36 of the tear-open blades 10 to 14. This stripped-off bag 3 can be collected in a separate garbage bag collecting contA; n~r 42.
The upper strand 16' of the rotating transport chain 16 is braced by means of a chain ten~ioner 43, this being illustrated by the deflection of the upper strand 16' in Figure 2 near the chain tensioner 43. In parti-cular, the chain tensioner 43 may be e~uipped with a chain tension measuring device which ;mm~;at'ely recog-nizes a blockage of the chain 16 caused by material resting on it and carries out a regulation of the chain tension and a regulation of the chain drive.
The illustration of the invention in Figure 6 shows a further exemplary ~hodiment with tear-open knives 10 to 14 which are fanned open, that is to say are not arranged parallel to one another. Like parts are designated by the same reference symbols as previously described. The distance between the tear-open knives 10 to 14 in the bag feed region 34 is designated by a1 and in the end region by a2, whereby a2 ~ a1. As a result, there can be a high bag coverage density of tear-open knives 21 in the bag dumping region 34, in order to ensure that the garbage bag is torn open ~uickly and completely. When this has taken place, the distance between the tear-open blades may be increased gr~ A-ly, so that the bag content can fall through the interspace 31 between the tear-open blades lO to 14. The holding-, _ CA 02209641 1997-07-04 down means 33 arranged in the interspace between the tear-open blades 10 to 14 likewise extend rearward in a fanned-open manner. Figure 6 likewise illustrates, by way of example, only two holding-down means 33 for greater clarity.
The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embo~;m~nt illustrated and described. On the contrary, it also embraces all developments open to the average person skilled in the art within the scope of the patent claims.
, ~ CA 02209641 1997-07-04 1 Apparatus 2 Mixtures of useful materials 3 Plastic garbage bag 4 Receiving cont~; n~
Entry shoot 6 Side wall 7 Side wall 8 Side 9 Bottom region Tear-open blade 11 Tear-open blade 12 Tear-open blade.
13 Tear-open blade 14 Tear-open blade Blade body 16 Chain/round link chain 17 Guide slots 18 Chain link 19 Chain link Top edge 21 Tear-open knife 22 Welded joint 23 Drive 24 Drive Drive wheel 26 Drive wheel 27 Drive shaft 28 Drive shaft 29 Front portion Direction of transport 31 Interspace 32. Co~Lveyor band 33 Holding-down means 34 Bag dumping region Horizontal shaft 36 End region 37 Entry gap 38 End 39 Arrow ~ . ~ ~ .
- . - 12 -Chain 41 Tear-open kni~e 42 Collecting cont~;ner 43 Ch~in tensioner
~pparatus for the treatment of mixture~ of useful materials"
The invention relates to an apparatus for the treatment of mixtures of useful materials according to the pre~mhle of claim 1.
Prior art:
The el;m;n~tion of garbage, particularly also of household garbage, compels municipalities to resort cont;n~ ly to the latest measures. Although the inciner-ation of garbage is a workable alternative to garbageelimination, useful raw materials are simply destroyed as a result.
Many garbage utilization systems, in which useful raw materials are recovered from the mixture of useful materials, have become known in recent years. For this purpose, for example, the "Dual System", in which indus-try gives a guarantee to take back packaging materials of all types, was established in Gel~al~y. With this in view, packaging is provided with the so-called "Green Spotn.
This involves packaging of all types, such as glass, tinplate, al~lm;nll~, paperboard, cardboard, paper, plastics, composite materials, etc. The aim is to collect on a large scale these packaging materials which ensue, sort them and deliver the recovered individual fractions to a recycling process. However, in this case, there is the problem that, in future, enormous quantities of packaging material will be produced which are unsorted and which have to be a~ ~liately treated.
In a particular method of collecting such packag-ing of all types, it is collected, mixed, in a plasticbag by the ~nsumer. These plastic bags cont~; n i ng packaging of all types are then picked up from the individual households by the municipalities and delivered to a sorting plant. In this case, there is the problem, at the commencement of the sorting plant, as to-the way in which the p~ck~ging can be extracted from the plastic bag automatically.
. _ _ CA 02209641 1997-07-04 Advantages of the invention:
The invention is aimed at a particular field of use here, the object on which the invention is based being to provide an apparatus for the treatment of such mixtures of useful materials, which, in particular, makes it possible, for example, also to tear open plastic bags with packaging of all types contA;ne~ therein and to allow the plastic bags to be separated and consequently the individual fractions of useful materials to be extracted from the bags. However, the object of the invention is also to provide an apparatus which is generally suitable for tearing up garbage, in which case the operation has to be carried out econn~;cally and effectively.
This object is achieved by means of the features of claim 1. The sub~l~im~ specify- advantageous and expedient developments and ref;n~m~nts of the apparatus according to the invention.
The invention is based on the central idea that large quantities of garbage can be proce~sed economically only in an apparatus working automatically and in plants arranged correspon~;ngly downstream. The apparatus according to the invention therefore has the advantage that, for example, garbage bags which occur, together with the useful materials cont~;ne~ therein, can easily be separated into the plastic bag and the bag content as constituents, so that the mixture of useful materials from the plastic bag can subsequently be treated further.
A particular difficulty, in this case, i8 to achieve a separation of these constituents, since the large-area plastic bags would generally clog a conventional screen-ing device.
To achieve this object, the present invention is based on the central idea that the garbage bags intro-duced into an apparatus are treated in such a way thattear-open knives having different se~uences of ,o~_cnt on the garbage bag positively cause the garbage bag to be torn open. So-called tear-open blades arranged next to one another provide a transport device which extends over ~ =
a plurality of meters and on which the garbage bag is transported further and is torn open during this trans-port operation. On the one hand, therefore, the apparatu~
according to the invention transports the introduced garbage bags over a transport stage, on which they are simultaneously torn open, so that the garbage constitu-ents fall out of the garbage bag between the tear-open blades and can be disposed. The treatment apparatus therefore constitutes a kind of transport screen, at the same time with a bag tear-open device and a singling-out device.
The garbage bags are torn open in a particularly expedient way in that the tear-open blades have a rotat-ing chain equipped with tear-open knives or tear-open spikes, different speeds of the tear-open knives of the respective tear-open blades l~; ng to a mutual relative movement of said tear-open knives which causes the garbage bags re~ting on them to be torn open reliably.
In a ref;n~m~nt of the invention, the tear-open knives of the respective tear-open blades can move at different relative speeds in the same direction or in opposite directions. It has proved particularly advan-tageous that an equidirectional ~v~-_nt of tear-open blades arranged parallel to one another leads to a transport ~.ov_~cnt of the garbage bags which are deposited on one side of the apparatus and which are torn open during transport over the tear-open blades, so that the garbage contained in them. falls through between the tear-open blades over the stage of travel and the bag resting on them can be stripped off or ~.oved at the end of the tear-open blades. As a result, clogging of the installation caused by empty garbage bags resting on it is ruled out and the garbage constituents are simult-aneously singled out from the bag.
The tear-open blades located next to one another and having drive ch~;n~ rotating on them may be oriented in parallel and horizontally. ~owever, in a modification of the invention, they may also be designed to fan open in the direction of transport, so that the distance -. , ~ CA 02209641 1997-07-04 .
between the tear-open blades increases constantly in the direction of transport of the garbage bags supplied. As a result, in particular, the distance at the start of the transport stage for the garbage bags can be kept rela-tively small, so that a plurality of tear-open blades located next to one another grasp the respective garbage bag and tear it apart. When the garbage bag has been torn open, the garbage can then fall through between the wi~n;ng tear-open blades.
The advantage of a slightly asc~n~;ng arrangement of the transport blades in the direction of transport of the garbage bags is that the dwell time of the latter on the transport device of the rotating transport ch~;n~ is longer. The duration of treatment on the garbage bags is thereby increased, without the transport stage being length~n~.
The ch~; nc rotate on the tear-open blades in the manner of known chain saws, that is to say a drive wheel, via which the rotating chain is guided and driven, is located on one end face of the tear-open blades. Accord-ing to the invention, different rotational~speeds of adjacent tear-open blades may be achieved by m~nc of different-sized diameters of such drive wheels and/or by m~n.~ of different revolutions of the respective drive shafts. In this case, it is expedient if each next-but-one drive wheel for an associated tear-open blade is arranged on a common shaft as a common drive, the dia-meters of the drive wheels of the two drive shafts located parallel to one another being varied. This ensures that, in each case, adjacent drive blades run at different transport speeds of the rotating c~;n~ and consequently of the tear-open knives arranged on them.
The apparatus according to the invention is advantageously designed with a chain tensioner for each rotating chain, the chain tensioner having a regulating device with an automatic cutoff means which cuts off the transport of the chain completely or intermittently as soon as any appreciable jamming of the chain takes place.
Furthermore, the invention is advantageously CA 02.09641 1997 - 07 - 04 bro~ene~ by a plurality of, for example, parallel holdi~g-down means which are, for example, in each case located above the tear-open blades in an obliquely inclined arrangement. The deposited garbage bags are therefore grasped by the transport device of the tear-open blades and are drawn in a wedge-like manner under the obliquely exten~; n~ holding-down means which, them-selves, may be equipped on their undersides with tear-open knives. In this case, the holding-down means may be mounted rotatably or pivotably at a front end via a common axis of rotation, so that the region located at the rear in the direction of transport can be pivoted up and down. This prevents the garbage constituents from becoming jammed.
Further details of the invention emerge from the exemplary embodiment which is described below and which is explained with reference to the drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows a perspecti~e illustration of the apparatus according to the invention, Figure 2 shows a side view of the apparatus in longi-tll~;n~l section, Figure 3 shows a top view of the apparatus according to Figures 1 and 2, Figure 4 shows an end view of the apparatus in the region of the drive, Figure 5 shows an enlarged illustration of the free end of a tear-open blade, and Figure 6 shows an alternative embodiment with differ-ently arranged tear-open blades in fanned-open form.
Description of the exemplary embsA;m~nt:
The apparatus 1 according to the invention, illustrated diay r d~atically in Figures 1 to 4, serves for the treatment of mixtures 2 of useful materials, particularly of household garbage or the like, which is initially located in a closed plastic garbage bag 3. In this case, the apparatus 1 serves particularly for opening the initially closed plastic garbage bag 3 and , ~ CA 02209641 1997-07-04 subsequently for singling out and distributing the mixture of useful materials along the apparatus. The apparatus 1 comprises a trough-shaped receiving cont~;n~r 4 with an obli~ue end wall 5 designed as an entry shoot and with two side walls 6, 7 for limiting the working apparatus laterally. The side 8 located opposite the end wall 5 is designed to be open.
Located in the bottom region 9 of the receiving cont~;ne~ 4, in the exemplary ~bodiment, are five so-called tear-open blades 10 to 14 which are arranged next to one another and which extend over a length 1~
being 2 to 3 m. The tear-open blades 10 to 14 are designed in the ~-nn~ or on the principle of a known chain saw, that is to say a rotating chain 16 runs into corresponA; ng guide slots 17 on the respective flat and on-edge blade body 15 having the height hl, the chain 16 being designed as a round link chain 16. In such an arrangement, horizontally oriented chain links 18 alter-nate with vertically oriented chain links 19, the hori-zontal chain links 18 resting on the top edge 20 of theguide slot 17 and the lower vertical part 19' of the vertically oriented chain link 19 being held and guided on both ~ides in the guide slot 17. To that extent, the round link chain 16 rotates in the blade body 15 in a fully guided manner (see also Figure 5). In Figure 2, the upper strand of the chain 16 iS designated by 16' and the lower strand of the chain by 16''.
The round link chain carries so-called tear-open knives 21 which stand vertically upward on the upper strand 16', in each case at a mutual distance 12 of 400 =, and which, for example, project above the chain 16 at a height h2 ~f 5 to 40 =. The tear-open knives 21 may also be of bolt-shaped design and, for example, are mounted on the respective vertically oriented chain link 19 via a welded joint 22.
The chain 16 is transported via a drive 23, 24 which is described in more detail with reference to Figure 4.
The tear-open blades 10 to 14, oriented approxi-mately horizontally, lie next to one another at a mutual ~ distance a1, the distance being a~ Gximately 120 to 180 mm. This lateral distance between the tear-open blades next to one another must, in any event, be dimen-sioned in such a way that even garbage bags 3 filled onlya little cannot fall through an interspace 31 between the tear-open blades.
The drive of the chain 16 is shown in more detail in the illustration according to Figures 2 and 4.
As is evident from the top view in Figures 1 and 3, the ch~;n~ 16 of the tear-open blades 10 to 14 should have different speeds v1, v2. In particular, the ch~in.c 16 of the tear-open blades 10, 12, 14 have a first speed vl and the ~h~;nc 16 of the tear-open blades 11, 13 have a second speed v2, whereby v2 ~ v1. According to the illustration in Figure 4, this is achieved in that the drive wheels 25 for the c~;nc 16 of the tear-open blades 10, 12, 14 have a smaller diameter d1 than the drive wheels 26 for the ch~;n~ 16 of the tear-open blades 11, 13 having a diameter d2 (d2 ~ dl). In addition, the drive wheels 25 are located on a first drive shaft 27 having the associated drive motor 24 and the drive wheels 26 are located on a second drive shaft 28 having the associated drive motor 23.
~ 25 In light of the different sizes or diameters of the drive wheels 25, 26 and/or of the different rotational speeds of the drive shafts 27, 28, the speeds v1, v2 of the ~h~;n~ 16 of the tear-open blades 10 to 14 may be varied sharply, so that the tear-open knives or tear-open bolts 21 arranged on the ~;nc 16 and belong-ing to adjacent tear-open blades execute different m~v~ ts. Conse~uently, according to the illustration in Figures 1 and 2, a plastic bag 3 deposited on the entry shoot 5 slides onto the front portion 29 (dumping region) of the tear-open blades 10 to 14 and is transported in the direction of transport 30, that is to say to the left in Figure 2. In this case, as illustrated in the Figures, the closed and filled plastic gar~age bag 3 rests on the plurality of tear-open blades 10 to 14 arranged parallel -to one another and is grasped by the transport chain 16 having the upwardly directed tear-open knives 21. Since the transport rh~;n~ 16 of adjacent tear-open blades 10 to 14 move differently at the speeds ~1~ v2, this results in a relative ~.~v~ent of the adjacent tear-open blades and consequently in the pla~tic garbage bag being torn open during the transport ...~v ~-t on the tear-open blades 10 over the transport length which corresponds approximately to the length l1. The garbage bag thus torn open gradually releases its content of the mixture of useful materials, so that this content falls downward through the interspace 31 between the respective tear-open blades 10 to 14 and impinges onto a co-L~yor belt 32 arranged below the receiving cont~; ne~ 4. This mixture 2 of useful materials falling downward onto the co-ve~or band 32 is illustrated dia~ .atically in Figures 1 and 2.
The apparatus 1 may additionally be equipped with a number of parallel holding-down means 33 which are located in a rod-shaped ~-nn~r over virtually the entire transport stage l1 of the tear-open blades ~above the respective interspace 31 (see Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4). For greater clarity, only two holding-down means 33 are shown in each case in Figures 1, 3, 4 and 6. They are located in all the interspaces 31 between or above the tear-open blades 10 to 14. The holding-down means 33, having a ~ length 12, are fastened pivotably on one side on a horizontal axle 35 in the region of the bag feed 34 and form a kind of entry orifice 36 for the plastic bag 3.
The axle 35 is therefore arranged at a height h3 above the upper strand 16' of the chain 16, said height allowing the bag 3 to come to rest below the holding-down means 33. Starting from this axle 35, the holding-down means 33 slopes approximately as far a~ the end region 36 of the respective tear-open blade located next to it, that is to say a decreasing wedge-like entry gap 37 having the angle a = 15~ is formed. The free end 38 Of the holding-down means 33 is consequently mounted so.as to be freely pivotable upward and downward (see arrow 39) ~ ~ CA 02209641 1997-07-04 g and i~ limited in its lowest position by a suspension chain 40 at the rear end 38.
The holding-down means 33 may itself have, in its lower region, tear-open knives 41 which may likewise extend over the entire length 12. The plastic bag 3 may thereby be shredded from below by the tear-open knives 21 and from above by the tear-open ~nives 41.
The garbage material co~Lv~yed in the direction of transport 30 via the transport device of the chain 16 therefore falls through the interspace 31 between the individual tear-open blades after the bag has been opened, the empty bag 3 being stripped off at the end 36 of the tear-open blades 10 to 14. This stripped-off bag 3 can be collected in a separate garbage bag collecting contA; n~r 42.
The upper strand 16' of the rotating transport chain 16 is braced by means of a chain ten~ioner 43, this being illustrated by the deflection of the upper strand 16' in Figure 2 near the chain tensioner 43. In parti-cular, the chain tensioner 43 may be e~uipped with a chain tension measuring device which ;mm~;at'ely recog-nizes a blockage of the chain 16 caused by material resting on it and carries out a regulation of the chain tension and a regulation of the chain drive.
The illustration of the invention in Figure 6 shows a further exemplary ~hodiment with tear-open knives 10 to 14 which are fanned open, that is to say are not arranged parallel to one another. Like parts are designated by the same reference symbols as previously described. The distance between the tear-open knives 10 to 14 in the bag feed region 34 is designated by a1 and in the end region by a2, whereby a2 ~ a1. As a result, there can be a high bag coverage density of tear-open knives 21 in the bag dumping region 34, in order to ensure that the garbage bag is torn open ~uickly and completely. When this has taken place, the distance between the tear-open blades may be increased gr~ A-ly, so that the bag content can fall through the interspace 31 between the tear-open blades lO to 14. The holding-, _ CA 02209641 1997-07-04 down means 33 arranged in the interspace between the tear-open blades 10 to 14 likewise extend rearward in a fanned-open manner. Figure 6 likewise illustrates, by way of example, only two holding-down means 33 for greater clarity.
The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embo~;m~nt illustrated and described. On the contrary, it also embraces all developments open to the average person skilled in the art within the scope of the patent claims.
, ~ CA 02209641 1997-07-04 1 Apparatus 2 Mixtures of useful materials 3 Plastic garbage bag 4 Receiving cont~; n~
Entry shoot 6 Side wall 7 Side wall 8 Side 9 Bottom region Tear-open blade 11 Tear-open blade 12 Tear-open blade.
13 Tear-open blade 14 Tear-open blade Blade body 16 Chain/round link chain 17 Guide slots 18 Chain link 19 Chain link Top edge 21 Tear-open knife 22 Welded joint 23 Drive 24 Drive Drive wheel 26 Drive wheel 27 Drive shaft 28 Drive shaft 29 Front portion Direction of transport 31 Interspace 32. Co~Lveyor band 33 Holding-down means 34 Bag dumping region Horizontal shaft 36 End region 37 Entry gap 38 End 39 Arrow ~ . ~ ~ .
- . - 12 -Chain 41 Tear-open kni~e 42 Collecting cont~;ner 43 Ch~in tensioner
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for the treatment of mixtures of useful materials, for opening plastic garbage bags with individual useful materials contained therein, wherein at least two longitudinally extending tear-open blades (10 to 14), as a transport device, are arranged next to one another in the bottom region (9) of a receiving container (4), the top edges (20) of said tear-open blades being equipped in each case with rotating spike-shaped tear-open knives (21), the tear-open knives (21) of tear-open blades (10 to 14) located next to one another having different speeds of movement v1, v2.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tear-open knives (21) of adjacent tear-open blades (10 to 14) have the same or opposite directions of movement.
3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein tear-open blades (10 to 14) located next to one another and with tear-open knives (21) running in the same direction of transport, but having different speeds v1, v2 are arranged parallel to one another or at a distance a1, a2 widening in the direction of transport (30), the distance (a) between two adjacent drive blades (10 to 14) being at least so great that the useful material to be treated falls through between the drive blades (10 to 14).
4. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the tear-open blades (10 to 14) are designed to ascend slightly.
5. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein drive blades (10 to 14) arranged essentially parallel to one another are arranged approximately horizontally on the container bottom (9), in each case adjacent drive blades (10 to 14) having tear-open knives (21) with different transport speeds v1, V2.
6. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the tear-open blades (10 to 14) are equipped with rotating chains (16) and particularly round link chains which are guided on one end face (29) of the tear-open blade (10 to 14) via a profiled drive wheel (25, 26), and wherein spike-shaped tear-open knives (21) are arranged at a mutual distance (b) on the chains (16).
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein a plurality of drive wheels (25, 26) for the. rotating chains (16) are arranged on a common drive shaft (27, 28), different diameters d1, d2 of the drive wheels (25, 26) leading to different transport speeds v1, v2.
8. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein in each case adjacent drive wheels (25, 26) are arranged on different drive shafts (27, 28) and in each case next-but-one drive wheels (25, 26) are arranged on the same drive shaft (27, 28), the respective drive shafts (27, 28) being equipped with different diameters d1, d2 of the drive wheels (25, 26) or being subjected to different rotational speeds/revolutions of the drive shafts (27, 28).
9. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein a chain tensioner (43) is provided, having an overload protection device which causes the rotating chain (16) to stop instantaneously in the event of overloading.
10. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the drive blades (10 to 14) are assigned angularly thereto one or more bag holding-down means (33) which, arranged parallel, extend above the drive blades (10 to 14) and form a wedge-like entry channel (37) for the bags (3) to be torn open, the bag holding-down means (33) preferably themselves being equipped with tear-open knives (41) on their underside.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19500327.6 | 1995-01-07 | ||
| DE1995100327 DE19500327A1 (en) | 1995-01-07 | 1995-01-07 | Device for the treatment of mixtures of materials |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2209641A1 true CA2209641A1 (en) | 1996-07-11 |
Family
ID=7751104
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2209641 Abandoned CA2209641A1 (en) | 1995-01-07 | 1995-12-21 | Apparatus for the treatment of mixtures of useful materials |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0800477B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH10511910A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2209641A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19500327A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996020871A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10129356A1 (en) * | 2001-05-21 | 2002-11-28 | Bezner Maschinen Gmbh | Assembly to open and pre-sort refuse in plastic bags has two vibration conveyers oscillating in opposite directions |
| EP1389167B1 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2006-03-22 | Bezner Maschinen GmbH | Device for handling valuable product mixtures |
| US7497337B2 (en) * | 2005-10-13 | 2009-03-03 | Wst International (Holdings) Limited | Apparatus for piercing garbage bags, washing materials released from the pierced garbage bags, and collecting nonrigid, elongate objects and powder |
| JP2008286499A (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2008-11-27 | Eco Keikaku Co Ltd | Long size tape cutter device in incineration object input hopper |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1035344B (en) * | 1975-04-16 | 1979-10-20 | R Uti R Srl | MACHINE FOR BREAKING BAGS CONTAINING URBAN SOLID WASTE TO SELECT PLASTIC FILM AND RAGS FROM THESE |
| CA2090659C (en) | 1992-03-23 | 1995-12-12 | Rader Canada Company | Garbage bag opener |
| DE9217165U1 (en) * | 1992-12-16 | 1993-02-18 | Dieball GmbH Anlagen- und Maschinenbau, 3200 Hildesheim | Device for continuously releasing the contents of sack-like containers |
| DE9311832U1 (en) | 1993-08-07 | 1994-04-21 | Transband KG, K.H. Schütterle GmbH & Co., 76275 Ettlingen | Preparation device for recycling mixed waste |
-
1995
- 1995-01-07 DE DE1995100327 patent/DE19500327A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-12-21 JP JP8520678A patent/JPH10511910A/en active Pending
- 1995-12-21 DE DE59503643T patent/DE59503643D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-21 EP EP95942027A patent/EP0800477B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-21 CA CA 2209641 patent/CA2209641A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-12-21 WO PCT/DE1995/001827 patent/WO1996020871A1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1996020871A1 (en) | 1996-07-11 |
| EP0800477A1 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
| EP0800477B1 (en) | 1998-09-16 |
| JPH10511910A (en) | 1998-11-17 |
| DE59503643D1 (en) | 1998-10-22 |
| DE19500327A1 (en) | 1996-07-11 |
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