CA2161816A1 - Production of coatings having three-dimensional optical effects - Google Patents
Production of coatings having three-dimensional optical effectsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2161816A1 CA2161816A1 CA 2161816 CA2161816A CA2161816A1 CA 2161816 A1 CA2161816 A1 CA 2161816A1 CA 2161816 CA2161816 CA 2161816 CA 2161816 A CA2161816 A CA 2161816A CA 2161816 A1 CA2161816 A1 CA 2161816A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- transfer medium
- magnetic
- electromagnet
- magnetically
- coatings
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/20—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by magnetic fields
- B05D3/207—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by magnetic fields post-treatment by magnetic fields
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
- B05D5/061—Special surface effect
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/14—Security printing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
- B44F7/00—Designs imitating three-dimensional effects
Landscapes
- Printing Methods (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
Abstract
Coatings having three-dimensional optical effects are produced by orientation of magnetically orientable, lamellar pigments by orienting the pigments in the still liquid coating by means of the magnetic field of a previously magnetically configured sheet-like transfer medium.
Description
Production of coatings having three-dimensional optical effects The present invention relates to a novel process for the produc-5 tion of coatings having three-dimensional optical effects by ori-enting magnetically orientable, lamellar pigments.
Prints or finishes which exhibit three-dimensional optical fea-tures are suitable not only for decorative purposes but are also 10 of interest in particular for the production of forgery-proof ma-terials, in particular for security printing, so they cannot be photocopied and therefore enable the original to be easily dis-tinguished from forgeries.
15 Such three-~ nsional optical effects can advantageously be pro-duced by orienting magnetic, lamellar pigments in the still liq-uid application medium by the influence of a magnetic field and can be fixed by subsequent curing of the application medium.
20 US-A-2 570 856 describes the magnetic orientation of ferromag-netic metal pigments, but no feasible process for the controlled production of three-dimensional effects is disclosed here.
DE-A-39 38 055 discloses various methods for producing three-25 dimensional patterns by orientation of magnetizable, lamellar pigments, in particular of mica and aluminum lamellae, which are coated with a magnetic layer or mixed with magnetic material.
In one of these methods, the desired pattern is applied to a mu-30 metal foil by punching or cutting out, the layer to be oriented is placed on this foil and a magnetic field of suitable magnitude is generated under the foil, with the result that orientation of the magnetic pigment particles corresponding to the desired pat-tern should take place. However, the disadvantage here is that an 35 optimum, ie. complete, field configuration of the magnetic par-ticles is not achieved above the mu-metal foil, and a new mu-metal foil must be prepared for each pattern.
In a second method, a character is written directly into a moist 40 print by moving a permanent magnet along it. However, for perma-nent orientation of the pigment particles, the magnetic filed has to act for a certain time, ie. the magnet has to be moved slowly, and it is for this reason that the layer is partially dry even before the end of the write process.
` 2161816 In a third method, a treatment in a magnetic field is combined with treatment with UV light in order to cure the layer. In this complicated variant, the moist layer is exposed through a photo-mask, the pigment particles are then magnetically oriented in the 5 still moist parts and the entire layer is then cured by UV light.
It is an object of the present invention to remedy the stated de-ficiencies and to provide a feasible orientation method.
10 We have found that this object is achieved by a process for the production of coatings having three-dimensional optical effects by orientation of magnetically orientable, lamellar pigments, which comprises orienting the pigments in the still liquid coat-ing by means of the magnetic field of a previously magnetically 15 configured sheet-like transfer medium.
Suitable magnetizing sheet-like transfer media for the novel pro-cess are in particular plastics films in which magnetically hard particles are incorporated, but other sheet-like magnet designs 20 could also be used.
The plastics films may be applied to a thin substrate, for exam-ple an adhesive film, but are preferably substrate-free materi-als, especially magnetic foils or adhesive magnetic foils or mag-25 netic tapes, such as those which are generally available commer-cially. The thickness of these materials is as a rule from 0.1 to 5 mm.
The magnetically hard particles contained in the plastics films 30 may consist, for example, of the following magnetically hard materials:
hard ferrites, such as barium ferrite and strontium ferrite; rare earth alloys, such as samarium/cobalt alloys; the AlNiCo group;
35 metal oxides which are used for magnetic information storage, such as cobalt-containing y-iron(III) oxide, chromium dioxide or pure iron particles.
Typical dimensions of the magnetically hard particles are in gen-40 eral from a few 10 ~m down to 10-20 nm.
The magnetic particles can be prepared in a conventional manner, for example by sintering or rapid quenching and subsequent com-minution.
The magnetic properties of the transfer medium need not meet any special requirements, but materials having high saturation magne-tization are generally advantageous. It is also advantagoeus if the coercive force is roughly of the same magnitude as the magne-5 tization of the total transfer medium, but this is not essential.
The thickness of the transfer medium corresponds preferably to0.3-3 times the resolution desired in the final special-effect coating.
In the novel process, the desired three-dimensional optical ef-fects are transferred by means of the magnetic field of the pre-viously correspondingly configured transfer medium to the magnet-ically orientable lamellar pigments in the still moist coating 15 (for example print or finish.
It is advisable first uniformly to magnetize the transfer medium, ie. uniformly to orient all magnetic particles in the transfer medium (preferably perpendicular to the surface of the transfer 20 medium) and thus to remove existing magnetization patterns. This is advantageously effected with the aid of a strong, large-area permanent magnet, for example based on neodymium/iron/boron al-loys, such as Nd2Fel4B.
25 The subsequent configuration of the transfer medium, ie. the con-trolled remagnetization of the part-magnets, for recording the desired information or the three-dimensional pattern, can be par-ticularly advantageously effected by movement of the transfer me-dium relative either to (between) the pole pieces of a double-en-- 30 ded electromagnet or to the pole piece of a one-ended pin-like electromagnet equipped with a pole piece only on one side.
Preferred embodiments of the double-ended and of the one-ended version are shown schematically in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
Fig. 1 shows the preferred perpendicular arrangement of the mov-able transfer medium (T) in the gap of an electromagnet equipped with pole pieces (p) at both ends.
40 Fig. 2 shows the preferred perpendicular arrangement of the transfer medium (T), which is once again movable, relative to the pole piece (p) of the one-ended, pin-like electromagnet. In order to make the magnetic circuit more effective, it is advisable in the case of the one-ended version to generate a partial magnetic 45 yoke by placing a magnetically soft plate (W), for example of iron, underneath.
~ 2161816 of course, the coils (S) may in both cases be oriented at other points in the magnetic circuit or may be completely or partly re-placed by permanent magnets.
5 In order to achieve good resolution during recording, it is ad-visable, as indicated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, to use tapering pole pieces. The diameter at the tip of the pole piece depends on the desired local resolution in the special effect coating and is as a rule from about 0.3 to 3 times this resolution.
The field strength in the gap of the double-ended electromagnet or the field strength in front of the pole of the one-ended elec-tromagnet (pin) preferably corresponds to the coercive force of the transfer medium.
The double-ended version of the electromagnet is, as a rule, a better resolution of the recorded three-dimensional pattern. How-ever, the one-ended, pin-like version is easier to handle. De-pending on the requirements, one or other version will therefore 20 be given preference.
The recording process (ie. configuration of the transfer medium) may also be automatic with the aid of a plotter. Depending on the geometry, it is more advantageous to arrange the transfer medium 25 or the magnet (or both) in such a way that it is or they are movable. This makes it possible to transfer characters or graph-ics directly from a computer to the transfer medium.
The subsequent transfer of the three-dimensional patterns to the 30 coating contA;n;ng magnetic pigment or to the material (eg. film, paper, cardboard or (preferably nonmagnetic) metal) coated with magnetic pigments (and printed, lacquered or coated by the con-ventional methods), the configured transfer medium is brought into contact as completely and uniformly as possible with the 35 still moist coating (print or finish) in which the pigment par-ticles are still mobile. Preferably, the coating material is sim-ply placed on the transfer medium.
With the aid of the novel process, all magnetically orientable, 40 lamellar pigments can be oriented easily and in a controlled man-ner. Examples are the ferromagnetic metal lamellae mentioned in US-A-2 570 856 and the mica and aluminum lamellae which are men-tioned in DE-A-39 38 055 and are coated with magnetite, and the aluminum lamellae which are described in DE-A-43 13 541 and in 45 DE-A-43 40 141, which is not a prior publication, and are coated with an inner layer cont~;n;ng iron, cobalt, nickel and y-iron(III) oxide (maghemite) and with a further nonferromagnetic metal oxide layer and/or an outer passivating layer containing phosphate, chromate andtor vanadate.
The aluminum lamellae which are described in DE-A-44 19 173, 5 which is not a prior publication, and have a multiple coating comprising (A) iron, cobalt, nickel, magnetite and/or y-Fe2O3, (B) silica and/or alumina and (C) metal and/or nonselectively absorbing metal oxide are particularly noteworthy. In the case of finishes or prints which contain these pigments, the 10 three-dimensional effects are accompanied not only by the usual light/dark flop but also by a color change between the interference colors.
As a rule, the action times for the orientation of pigment par-15 ticles are only from 1 to 100 seconds, regardless of the complex-ity of the patterns.
Depending on the type of coating medium (for example, reference may be made here to DE-A-39 38 055), the subsequent drying pro-20 cess by which the pigment particles and hence the three-dimen-sional optical effects are fixed can be accelerated by additional UV irradiation.
With the aid of the novel process, three-dimensional optical 25 effects can advantageously be produced reliably and with the desired (good1 resolution, ie. with the desired contrast and the desired strength, in coatings, such as prints or finishes, containing magnetically orientable, lamellar pigments, advanta-geously by simple adaptation of the process diameters (pole piece 30 diameter and field strength of the magnet, contact time, thick-ness and coercive force of the transfer medium. The present process is in particular cost-efficient, owing to the short time it requires (short recording times and short transfer times), the reusability of the transfer medium, which can be uniformly 35 magnetized again at any time with the aid of a strong permanent magnet and is then available for further recording processes, and the possibility of automation by computer control.
Examples A commercial, 1 mm thick barium ferrite-containing adhesive mag-netic film (from IBS, Berlin) was completely magnetized in each case with a powerful permanent magnet (Nd2Fe14B), after which a zigzag pattern was repeatedly recorded on said film with movement 45 at a speed of about 1 cm/sec, with the aid of an electromagnet equipped with pole pieces at both ends (pole piece spacing about 1 mm, 2 coils with 480 windings each).
The pole piece diameter and current were varied as stated in the 5 table.
A still moist screen print was then placed on the recorded-on magnetic film for 60 seconds in each case.
lO The screen prints used for this purpose were each applied to pa-per or film by printing (49-line screen) a screen printing ink which contained 20 g of magnetizable pigment (Example 1 of DE-A-43 13 541) in 80 g of a commercial binder solution (copolymer based on vinyl chloride and vinyl isobutyl ether 15 _ Laroflex~ MP45-/-acetate/aliphatic).
In all cases, the zigzag pattern was clearly visible in the dried print and could not be copied unchanged.
20 Further details of these experiments and the results thereof are shown in the table below.
Table Example Pole piece diameter Current Result in the print [mm] [A]
1 l 0.4 contrast and resolution excellent; coat thickness 1 mm 2 0.5 0.4 Contrast and resolution good; coat thickness slightly less than 1 mm 3 0.5 0.8 Contrast and resolution good; coat thickness 1.5 mm 4 2 0.4 Contrast and resolution good; coat thickness 2 mm
Prints or finishes which exhibit three-dimensional optical fea-tures are suitable not only for decorative purposes but are also 10 of interest in particular for the production of forgery-proof ma-terials, in particular for security printing, so they cannot be photocopied and therefore enable the original to be easily dis-tinguished from forgeries.
15 Such three-~ nsional optical effects can advantageously be pro-duced by orienting magnetic, lamellar pigments in the still liq-uid application medium by the influence of a magnetic field and can be fixed by subsequent curing of the application medium.
20 US-A-2 570 856 describes the magnetic orientation of ferromag-netic metal pigments, but no feasible process for the controlled production of three-dimensional effects is disclosed here.
DE-A-39 38 055 discloses various methods for producing three-25 dimensional patterns by orientation of magnetizable, lamellar pigments, in particular of mica and aluminum lamellae, which are coated with a magnetic layer or mixed with magnetic material.
In one of these methods, the desired pattern is applied to a mu-30 metal foil by punching or cutting out, the layer to be oriented is placed on this foil and a magnetic field of suitable magnitude is generated under the foil, with the result that orientation of the magnetic pigment particles corresponding to the desired pat-tern should take place. However, the disadvantage here is that an 35 optimum, ie. complete, field configuration of the magnetic par-ticles is not achieved above the mu-metal foil, and a new mu-metal foil must be prepared for each pattern.
In a second method, a character is written directly into a moist 40 print by moving a permanent magnet along it. However, for perma-nent orientation of the pigment particles, the magnetic filed has to act for a certain time, ie. the magnet has to be moved slowly, and it is for this reason that the layer is partially dry even before the end of the write process.
` 2161816 In a third method, a treatment in a magnetic field is combined with treatment with UV light in order to cure the layer. In this complicated variant, the moist layer is exposed through a photo-mask, the pigment particles are then magnetically oriented in the 5 still moist parts and the entire layer is then cured by UV light.
It is an object of the present invention to remedy the stated de-ficiencies and to provide a feasible orientation method.
10 We have found that this object is achieved by a process for the production of coatings having three-dimensional optical effects by orientation of magnetically orientable, lamellar pigments, which comprises orienting the pigments in the still liquid coat-ing by means of the magnetic field of a previously magnetically 15 configured sheet-like transfer medium.
Suitable magnetizing sheet-like transfer media for the novel pro-cess are in particular plastics films in which magnetically hard particles are incorporated, but other sheet-like magnet designs 20 could also be used.
The plastics films may be applied to a thin substrate, for exam-ple an adhesive film, but are preferably substrate-free materi-als, especially magnetic foils or adhesive magnetic foils or mag-25 netic tapes, such as those which are generally available commer-cially. The thickness of these materials is as a rule from 0.1 to 5 mm.
The magnetically hard particles contained in the plastics films 30 may consist, for example, of the following magnetically hard materials:
hard ferrites, such as barium ferrite and strontium ferrite; rare earth alloys, such as samarium/cobalt alloys; the AlNiCo group;
35 metal oxides which are used for magnetic information storage, such as cobalt-containing y-iron(III) oxide, chromium dioxide or pure iron particles.
Typical dimensions of the magnetically hard particles are in gen-40 eral from a few 10 ~m down to 10-20 nm.
The magnetic particles can be prepared in a conventional manner, for example by sintering or rapid quenching and subsequent com-minution.
The magnetic properties of the transfer medium need not meet any special requirements, but materials having high saturation magne-tization are generally advantageous. It is also advantagoeus if the coercive force is roughly of the same magnitude as the magne-5 tization of the total transfer medium, but this is not essential.
The thickness of the transfer medium corresponds preferably to0.3-3 times the resolution desired in the final special-effect coating.
In the novel process, the desired three-dimensional optical ef-fects are transferred by means of the magnetic field of the pre-viously correspondingly configured transfer medium to the magnet-ically orientable lamellar pigments in the still moist coating 15 (for example print or finish.
It is advisable first uniformly to magnetize the transfer medium, ie. uniformly to orient all magnetic particles in the transfer medium (preferably perpendicular to the surface of the transfer 20 medium) and thus to remove existing magnetization patterns. This is advantageously effected with the aid of a strong, large-area permanent magnet, for example based on neodymium/iron/boron al-loys, such as Nd2Fel4B.
25 The subsequent configuration of the transfer medium, ie. the con-trolled remagnetization of the part-magnets, for recording the desired information or the three-dimensional pattern, can be par-ticularly advantageously effected by movement of the transfer me-dium relative either to (between) the pole pieces of a double-en-- 30 ded electromagnet or to the pole piece of a one-ended pin-like electromagnet equipped with a pole piece only on one side.
Preferred embodiments of the double-ended and of the one-ended version are shown schematically in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
Fig. 1 shows the preferred perpendicular arrangement of the mov-able transfer medium (T) in the gap of an electromagnet equipped with pole pieces (p) at both ends.
40 Fig. 2 shows the preferred perpendicular arrangement of the transfer medium (T), which is once again movable, relative to the pole piece (p) of the one-ended, pin-like electromagnet. In order to make the magnetic circuit more effective, it is advisable in the case of the one-ended version to generate a partial magnetic 45 yoke by placing a magnetically soft plate (W), for example of iron, underneath.
~ 2161816 of course, the coils (S) may in both cases be oriented at other points in the magnetic circuit or may be completely or partly re-placed by permanent magnets.
5 In order to achieve good resolution during recording, it is ad-visable, as indicated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, to use tapering pole pieces. The diameter at the tip of the pole piece depends on the desired local resolution in the special effect coating and is as a rule from about 0.3 to 3 times this resolution.
The field strength in the gap of the double-ended electromagnet or the field strength in front of the pole of the one-ended elec-tromagnet (pin) preferably corresponds to the coercive force of the transfer medium.
The double-ended version of the electromagnet is, as a rule, a better resolution of the recorded three-dimensional pattern. How-ever, the one-ended, pin-like version is easier to handle. De-pending on the requirements, one or other version will therefore 20 be given preference.
The recording process (ie. configuration of the transfer medium) may also be automatic with the aid of a plotter. Depending on the geometry, it is more advantageous to arrange the transfer medium 25 or the magnet (or both) in such a way that it is or they are movable. This makes it possible to transfer characters or graph-ics directly from a computer to the transfer medium.
The subsequent transfer of the three-dimensional patterns to the 30 coating contA;n;ng magnetic pigment or to the material (eg. film, paper, cardboard or (preferably nonmagnetic) metal) coated with magnetic pigments (and printed, lacquered or coated by the con-ventional methods), the configured transfer medium is brought into contact as completely and uniformly as possible with the 35 still moist coating (print or finish) in which the pigment par-ticles are still mobile. Preferably, the coating material is sim-ply placed on the transfer medium.
With the aid of the novel process, all magnetically orientable, 40 lamellar pigments can be oriented easily and in a controlled man-ner. Examples are the ferromagnetic metal lamellae mentioned in US-A-2 570 856 and the mica and aluminum lamellae which are men-tioned in DE-A-39 38 055 and are coated with magnetite, and the aluminum lamellae which are described in DE-A-43 13 541 and in 45 DE-A-43 40 141, which is not a prior publication, and are coated with an inner layer cont~;n;ng iron, cobalt, nickel and y-iron(III) oxide (maghemite) and with a further nonferromagnetic metal oxide layer and/or an outer passivating layer containing phosphate, chromate andtor vanadate.
The aluminum lamellae which are described in DE-A-44 19 173, 5 which is not a prior publication, and have a multiple coating comprising (A) iron, cobalt, nickel, magnetite and/or y-Fe2O3, (B) silica and/or alumina and (C) metal and/or nonselectively absorbing metal oxide are particularly noteworthy. In the case of finishes or prints which contain these pigments, the 10 three-dimensional effects are accompanied not only by the usual light/dark flop but also by a color change between the interference colors.
As a rule, the action times for the orientation of pigment par-15 ticles are only from 1 to 100 seconds, regardless of the complex-ity of the patterns.
Depending on the type of coating medium (for example, reference may be made here to DE-A-39 38 055), the subsequent drying pro-20 cess by which the pigment particles and hence the three-dimen-sional optical effects are fixed can be accelerated by additional UV irradiation.
With the aid of the novel process, three-dimensional optical 25 effects can advantageously be produced reliably and with the desired (good1 resolution, ie. with the desired contrast and the desired strength, in coatings, such as prints or finishes, containing magnetically orientable, lamellar pigments, advanta-geously by simple adaptation of the process diameters (pole piece 30 diameter and field strength of the magnet, contact time, thick-ness and coercive force of the transfer medium. The present process is in particular cost-efficient, owing to the short time it requires (short recording times and short transfer times), the reusability of the transfer medium, which can be uniformly 35 magnetized again at any time with the aid of a strong permanent magnet and is then available for further recording processes, and the possibility of automation by computer control.
Examples A commercial, 1 mm thick barium ferrite-containing adhesive mag-netic film (from IBS, Berlin) was completely magnetized in each case with a powerful permanent magnet (Nd2Fe14B), after which a zigzag pattern was repeatedly recorded on said film with movement 45 at a speed of about 1 cm/sec, with the aid of an electromagnet equipped with pole pieces at both ends (pole piece spacing about 1 mm, 2 coils with 480 windings each).
The pole piece diameter and current were varied as stated in the 5 table.
A still moist screen print was then placed on the recorded-on magnetic film for 60 seconds in each case.
lO The screen prints used for this purpose were each applied to pa-per or film by printing (49-line screen) a screen printing ink which contained 20 g of magnetizable pigment (Example 1 of DE-A-43 13 541) in 80 g of a commercial binder solution (copolymer based on vinyl chloride and vinyl isobutyl ether 15 _ Laroflex~ MP45-/-acetate/aliphatic).
In all cases, the zigzag pattern was clearly visible in the dried print and could not be copied unchanged.
20 Further details of these experiments and the results thereof are shown in the table below.
Table Example Pole piece diameter Current Result in the print [mm] [A]
1 l 0.4 contrast and resolution excellent; coat thickness 1 mm 2 0.5 0.4 Contrast and resolution good; coat thickness slightly less than 1 mm 3 0.5 0.8 Contrast and resolution good; coat thickness 1.5 mm 4 2 0.4 Contrast and resolution good; coat thickness 2 mm
Claims (8)
1. A process for the production of coatings having three-dimen-sional optical effects by orienting of magnetically orient-able, lamellar pigments, which comprises orienting the pig-ments in the still liquid coating by means of the magnetic field of a previously magnetically configured sheet-like transfer medium.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transfer medium used is a plastics film which contains magnetically hard par-ticles and may be applied to an additional substrate.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transfer medium used is a magnetic film or a magnetic tape.
4. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnetic con-figuration of the transfer medium is carried out after the uniform magnetization thereof by movement between the two tapering pole pieces of an electromagnet.
5. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnetic con-figuration of the transfer medium is carried out after the uniform magnetization thereof using a pin-like, one-ended electromagnet, in the presence or absence of a magnetically soft underlay.
6. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnetic con-figuration of the transfer medium is carried out after the uniform magnetization thereof by movement between the two tapering pole pieces of an electromagnet or using a pinlike, one-ended electromagnet, in the presence or absence of a mag-netically soft underlay, the transfer medium being arranged perpendicular to the pole pieces.
7. A process as claimed in claim 6, wherein the pole piece diameter used corresponds roughly to the thickness of the transfer medium.
8. A process as claimed in claim 6, wherein a field strength in the gap of the electromagnet is used which corresponds roughly to the coercive force of the transfer medium.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP4439455.1 | 1994-11-04 | ||
| DE19944439455 DE4439455A1 (en) | 1994-11-04 | 1994-11-04 | Process for the production of coatings with three-dimensional optical effects |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2161816A1 true CA2161816A1 (en) | 1996-05-05 |
Family
ID=6532503
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2161816 Abandoned CA2161816A1 (en) | 1994-11-04 | 1995-10-31 | Production of coatings having three-dimensional optical effects |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0710508A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2161816A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4439455A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI955264A (en) |
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- 1995-11-02 FI FI955264A patent/FI955264A/en unknown
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| US8263191B2 (en) | 2005-04-27 | 2012-09-11 | Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co. Kg | Method for the creation of color effect images |
| US10500889B2 (en) | 2014-07-30 | 2019-12-10 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Belt-driven processes for producing optical effect layers |
| US10610888B2 (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2020-04-07 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Processes for producing effect layers |
| US11292027B2 (en) | 2016-08-16 | 2022-04-05 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Processes for producing effect layers |
| US11707764B2 (en) | 2016-08-16 | 2023-07-25 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Processes for producing effect layers |
| US11823003B2 (en) | 2019-02-28 | 2023-11-21 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Method for authenticating a magnetically induced mark with a portable device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI955264A (en) | 1996-05-05 |
| EP0710508A1 (en) | 1996-05-08 |
| DE4439455A1 (en) | 1996-05-09 |
| FI955264A0 (en) | 1995-11-02 |
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