CA2157718A1 - Bread doughs - Google Patents
Bread doughsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2157718A1 CA2157718A1 CA002157718A CA2157718A CA2157718A1 CA 2157718 A1 CA2157718 A1 CA 2157718A1 CA 002157718 A CA002157718 A CA 002157718A CA 2157718 A CA2157718 A CA 2157718A CA 2157718 A1 CA2157718 A1 CA 2157718A1
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- dough
- arabinofuranosidase
- sulfhydryl oxidase
- baked product
- endoxylanase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
An enzyme composition is disclosed which comprises a hemicellulase, a sulfhydryl oxidase in the absence of glucose oxidase. Use of such a composition is described for improving bread doughs for baked products.
Description
GIST-BROCADES B.V.
IMPROVEMENT OF BREAD DOUGHS
The present invention relates to improvement of doughs for baked products, especially bread doughs. In particular, it relates to use of enzymes, e.g. in the form of a bread improver composition, to improve the properties 5 of such doughs.
Conventional bread improvers are complex mixtures containing various functional ingredients such as oxidizing and reducing agents (e.g. ascorbic acid, cysteine), enzymes (e.g. ~-amylase, hemicellulase), emulsifiers (.e.g. DATA-10 esters, monoglycerides, SSL), fatty materials (e.g. fat,lecithin) and carriers or bulk materials (starch, sugars, etc). Many of the commonly used bread improvers contain chemical oxidants such as ascorbic acid and bromate which are used to increase the strength of the dough. From the 15 consumer's point of view, it is advantageous to minimise the use of these oxidants, which are considered as chemical additives. The resistance of consumers to chemical additives is growing and there is therefore need to replace conventional dough oxidants by consumer friendly additives.
20 However, bread quality is lowered considerably when oxidants are omitted. Indeed, it is difficult to achieve a suitable dough for a baked product without using oxidants.
Sulfhydryl oxidase has previously been investigated as a substitute for conventional non-enzymic oxidants in 25 bread doughs. Bovine sulfhydryl oxidase as a single enzyme additive in such doughs has, however, been reported to have no significant beneficial effect on dough properties (Kaufmann and Fennema, Cereal Chemistry (1987) 64 (3), 172-176). Microbial sulfhydryl oxidase has previously been 30 reported to be useful as a bread dough additive, but only in combination with glucose oxidase (see EP-A 0321811) or in combination with glucose oxidase and hemicellulose and/or cellulose degrading enzyme activity (see EP-A 0338452).
We have now surprisingly found that addition of 5 sulfhydryl oxidase, e.g. a microbial sulfhydryl oxidase, to a bread dough can have a beneficial effect on dough properties in combination with addition of one or more hemicellulases even in the absence of glucose oxidase.
Importantly, such an enzyme combination can be used in bread 10 doughs in preference to non-enzymic oxidants such as ascorbic acid and bromate. By including such an enzyme mixture in a bread dough, it is possible to improve loaf volume while maintaining or even increasing dough extensibility. In contrast, it is well known that use of 15 ascorbic acid to improve loaf volume will have a negative effect on dough extensibility. This is particularly unfavourable in the production of baked products such as French sticks, baguettes, pizza and croissants for which a high dough extensibility is desirable.
Hemicellulloses in cereal products mainly consist of ~-glucans and pentosans. The desirability of a moderate hydrolysis of pentosans in bread doughs has long been recognized (Enzymolysis of pentosans of wheat flour, K.
Kulp, Cereal Chem. (1968) 45, 339-350). Aspergillus niger 25 and Aspergillus awamori hemicellulases are widely used in the baking industry. The inventors for the present invention have found that among hemicellulases, two types are particularly useful for use in bread doughs in combination with sulfhydryl oxidase: endoxylanases and 30 arabinofuranosidases. Two arabinofuranosidase isoenzymes have been identified: arabinofuranosidase A (Ara A) and arabinofuranaosidase B (Ara B). For the purpose of the present invention, an arabinofuranosidase preparation comprising as the enzyme component at least predominately 35 Ara B is preferred. Ara A and Ara B are described in 'Mode of action of (lt4)~-D-arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase (AXH) and ~-L-arabinofuranosidase on alkali extractable ~ 2157718 wheat flour arabinoxylans' Carbohydrate Research (1993), 24, 345-353, F.J.M. Xormelink; H. Gruppen; A.G.J. Voragen.
For the purpose of dough-making according to the present invention, sulfhydryl oxidase may be derived from 5 Asperqillus niger as described in Asperqillus niger sulfhydryl oxidase, R.S. de la Motte, F.W. Wagner, Biochemistry 26(1987)7363-7371.
In one aspect, the present invention thus provides a method of preparing a dough for a baked product which 10 includes incorporating into the dough an effective amount of endoxylanase and an effective amount of sulfhydryl oxidase in the absence of glucose oxidase so as to increase the volume of the baked product and produce a dough extensibility of at least 98% of the extensibility of the 15 same dough minus improver additives.
According to another aspect of the invention an effective amount of an arabinofuranosidase-preparation, most preferably an arabinofuranosidase preparation in which Ara B
is the major isoenzyme of the enzyme component and an 20 effective amount of sulfhydryl oxidase, can be incorporated into the dough so that both loaf volume and dough extensibility are improved.
The present invention may be applied to a variety of dough preparation processes including direct proofing, 25 retarded dough processes, sour dough processes and frozen dough processes. It may be applied with flours from varied cereals such as wheat or rye to manufacture all kinds of yeast-leavened flour products such as bread as well as sweetened products such as cakes.
As hereinbefore indicated, the methodology of the present invention is, however, particularly favourable for application in the production of baked products for which extensibility of the dough is a critical factor for product quality. Use of enzymes in accordance with the present 35 invention is, for example, especially favoured for the preparation of French bread doughs suitable for production of French sticks or baguettes.
_ 2157718 In a dough-making process of the present invention, the required enzymes may be added separately or in the form of a mixed enzyme composition. In a further aspect, the present invention thus provides an enzyme composition for s use in a dough-making method of the invention wherein the enzyme component comprises endoxylanase and sulfhydryl oxidase in the absence of a glucose oxidase, preferably together with one or more arabinofuranosidases. Most preferably, such an enzyme composition will include 10 endoxylanase, sulfhydryl oxidase and arabinofuranosidase at least predominantly of the B isoenzyme form.
In a further -embodiment, the present invention provides an enzyme composition wherein the enzyme component comprises endoxylanase, sulfhydryl oxidase and 15 arabinofuranosidase, preferably at least for the major part Ara B.
An enzyme composition of the present invention may be in the form of a bread improver composition containing one or more additional dry dough ingredients e.g. one or 20 more of salt, sugar, lecithin, gluten, soya flour, malt and other enzymes known for use as baking ingredients such as ~-glucosidase, ~-glucanase, ~-xylosidase, amyloglucosidase, amylase, proteases, peroxidase and catalase. Such a bread improver composition may include all or a large proportion 25 of the flour of the baked product.
The amounts of endoxylanase, sulfhydryl oxidase and arabinofuranosidase required for a dough-making process of the present invention will depend upon the flour employed and the type of process and may be readily determined by 30 baking tests. By way of guidance, however, the amount of endoxylanase may be in the range 1-1000 units per kg flour, e.g. 5- 200 units per kg flour, and the amount of sulfhydryl oxidase may be in the range 5-1000 units per kg flour, e.g.
30-250 units per kg flour. When it is desired to 35 additionally provide arabinofuranosidase activity in the dough, this may, for example, be present in the range 1-1000 units per kg flour, preferably in the range 5-200 units per kg flour. As hereinbefore indicated, such activity may desirably be provided by use of an arabinofuranosidase preparation in which Ara B is the major isoenzyme of the enzyme component.
For making a French bread dough suitable for French sticks or baguettes, it has, for example, been found favourable to incorporate about 50 units of sulfhydryl oxidase per kg of flour in combination with about 70 units of endoxylanase per kg of flour. To obtain improved dough 10 extensibility in addition to improved loaf volume, such an enzyme combination may suitably supplemented with about 70 units of arabinofuranosidase, largely Ara B (see Example 2).
Units of endoxylanase, sulfhydryl oxidase and arabinofuranosidase as given herein should be understood to 15 be units defined with reference to the following assays.
Endoxylanase (Lyx) activity is measured by the hydrolysis of xylan from oat spelts suspended (35 g/l) in lM
glycine buffer pH 2.75. The viscosity of the solution is determined by using a capillary viscosimeter (Ubbelhode 20 type) at 47C. The time (t) needed for the upper meniscus of the liquid to fall down between two reference points is measured within time (T). The slope of the plot of T versus l/t yields an apparent kinetic constant. 1 Lyx unit is the amount needed to reach a value of 1 min~1 for that kinetic 25 constant.
Arabinofuranosidase (Arf) activity is measured by the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-arabinofuranoside. One arf unit is the amount of enzyme needed to liberate 1 ~mole p-nitrophenol per minute under the conditions of the test 30 described in 'Purification and some properties of an arabinofuranosidase from Aspergillus niqer, action on grape monoterpenyl arabinosylglycosides', Z. Gunata, J.M.
Brillouet, S. Voirin, R. Baumes, R. Cordonnier, J. Agric.
Food Chem. 38 (1989) 772.
Sulfhydryl oxidase (Sox) converts thiol compounds to their corresponding disulfides according to the equation:
IMPROVEMENT OF BREAD DOUGHS
The present invention relates to improvement of doughs for baked products, especially bread doughs. In particular, it relates to use of enzymes, e.g. in the form of a bread improver composition, to improve the properties 5 of such doughs.
Conventional bread improvers are complex mixtures containing various functional ingredients such as oxidizing and reducing agents (e.g. ascorbic acid, cysteine), enzymes (e.g. ~-amylase, hemicellulase), emulsifiers (.e.g. DATA-10 esters, monoglycerides, SSL), fatty materials (e.g. fat,lecithin) and carriers or bulk materials (starch, sugars, etc). Many of the commonly used bread improvers contain chemical oxidants such as ascorbic acid and bromate which are used to increase the strength of the dough. From the 15 consumer's point of view, it is advantageous to minimise the use of these oxidants, which are considered as chemical additives. The resistance of consumers to chemical additives is growing and there is therefore need to replace conventional dough oxidants by consumer friendly additives.
20 However, bread quality is lowered considerably when oxidants are omitted. Indeed, it is difficult to achieve a suitable dough for a baked product without using oxidants.
Sulfhydryl oxidase has previously been investigated as a substitute for conventional non-enzymic oxidants in 25 bread doughs. Bovine sulfhydryl oxidase as a single enzyme additive in such doughs has, however, been reported to have no significant beneficial effect on dough properties (Kaufmann and Fennema, Cereal Chemistry (1987) 64 (3), 172-176). Microbial sulfhydryl oxidase has previously been 30 reported to be useful as a bread dough additive, but only in combination with glucose oxidase (see EP-A 0321811) or in combination with glucose oxidase and hemicellulose and/or cellulose degrading enzyme activity (see EP-A 0338452).
We have now surprisingly found that addition of 5 sulfhydryl oxidase, e.g. a microbial sulfhydryl oxidase, to a bread dough can have a beneficial effect on dough properties in combination with addition of one or more hemicellulases even in the absence of glucose oxidase.
Importantly, such an enzyme combination can be used in bread 10 doughs in preference to non-enzymic oxidants such as ascorbic acid and bromate. By including such an enzyme mixture in a bread dough, it is possible to improve loaf volume while maintaining or even increasing dough extensibility. In contrast, it is well known that use of 15 ascorbic acid to improve loaf volume will have a negative effect on dough extensibility. This is particularly unfavourable in the production of baked products such as French sticks, baguettes, pizza and croissants for which a high dough extensibility is desirable.
Hemicellulloses in cereal products mainly consist of ~-glucans and pentosans. The desirability of a moderate hydrolysis of pentosans in bread doughs has long been recognized (Enzymolysis of pentosans of wheat flour, K.
Kulp, Cereal Chem. (1968) 45, 339-350). Aspergillus niger 25 and Aspergillus awamori hemicellulases are widely used in the baking industry. The inventors for the present invention have found that among hemicellulases, two types are particularly useful for use in bread doughs in combination with sulfhydryl oxidase: endoxylanases and 30 arabinofuranosidases. Two arabinofuranosidase isoenzymes have been identified: arabinofuranosidase A (Ara A) and arabinofuranaosidase B (Ara B). For the purpose of the present invention, an arabinofuranosidase preparation comprising as the enzyme component at least predominately 35 Ara B is preferred. Ara A and Ara B are described in 'Mode of action of (lt4)~-D-arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase (AXH) and ~-L-arabinofuranosidase on alkali extractable ~ 2157718 wheat flour arabinoxylans' Carbohydrate Research (1993), 24, 345-353, F.J.M. Xormelink; H. Gruppen; A.G.J. Voragen.
For the purpose of dough-making according to the present invention, sulfhydryl oxidase may be derived from 5 Asperqillus niger as described in Asperqillus niger sulfhydryl oxidase, R.S. de la Motte, F.W. Wagner, Biochemistry 26(1987)7363-7371.
In one aspect, the present invention thus provides a method of preparing a dough for a baked product which 10 includes incorporating into the dough an effective amount of endoxylanase and an effective amount of sulfhydryl oxidase in the absence of glucose oxidase so as to increase the volume of the baked product and produce a dough extensibility of at least 98% of the extensibility of the 15 same dough minus improver additives.
According to another aspect of the invention an effective amount of an arabinofuranosidase-preparation, most preferably an arabinofuranosidase preparation in which Ara B
is the major isoenzyme of the enzyme component and an 20 effective amount of sulfhydryl oxidase, can be incorporated into the dough so that both loaf volume and dough extensibility are improved.
The present invention may be applied to a variety of dough preparation processes including direct proofing, 25 retarded dough processes, sour dough processes and frozen dough processes. It may be applied with flours from varied cereals such as wheat or rye to manufacture all kinds of yeast-leavened flour products such as bread as well as sweetened products such as cakes.
As hereinbefore indicated, the methodology of the present invention is, however, particularly favourable for application in the production of baked products for which extensibility of the dough is a critical factor for product quality. Use of enzymes in accordance with the present 35 invention is, for example, especially favoured for the preparation of French bread doughs suitable for production of French sticks or baguettes.
_ 2157718 In a dough-making process of the present invention, the required enzymes may be added separately or in the form of a mixed enzyme composition. In a further aspect, the present invention thus provides an enzyme composition for s use in a dough-making method of the invention wherein the enzyme component comprises endoxylanase and sulfhydryl oxidase in the absence of a glucose oxidase, preferably together with one or more arabinofuranosidases. Most preferably, such an enzyme composition will include 10 endoxylanase, sulfhydryl oxidase and arabinofuranosidase at least predominantly of the B isoenzyme form.
In a further -embodiment, the present invention provides an enzyme composition wherein the enzyme component comprises endoxylanase, sulfhydryl oxidase and 15 arabinofuranosidase, preferably at least for the major part Ara B.
An enzyme composition of the present invention may be in the form of a bread improver composition containing one or more additional dry dough ingredients e.g. one or 20 more of salt, sugar, lecithin, gluten, soya flour, malt and other enzymes known for use as baking ingredients such as ~-glucosidase, ~-glucanase, ~-xylosidase, amyloglucosidase, amylase, proteases, peroxidase and catalase. Such a bread improver composition may include all or a large proportion 25 of the flour of the baked product.
The amounts of endoxylanase, sulfhydryl oxidase and arabinofuranosidase required for a dough-making process of the present invention will depend upon the flour employed and the type of process and may be readily determined by 30 baking tests. By way of guidance, however, the amount of endoxylanase may be in the range 1-1000 units per kg flour, e.g. 5- 200 units per kg flour, and the amount of sulfhydryl oxidase may be in the range 5-1000 units per kg flour, e.g.
30-250 units per kg flour. When it is desired to 35 additionally provide arabinofuranosidase activity in the dough, this may, for example, be present in the range 1-1000 units per kg flour, preferably in the range 5-200 units per kg flour. As hereinbefore indicated, such activity may desirably be provided by use of an arabinofuranosidase preparation in which Ara B is the major isoenzyme of the enzyme component.
For making a French bread dough suitable for French sticks or baguettes, it has, for example, been found favourable to incorporate about 50 units of sulfhydryl oxidase per kg of flour in combination with about 70 units of endoxylanase per kg of flour. To obtain improved dough 10 extensibility in addition to improved loaf volume, such an enzyme combination may suitably supplemented with about 70 units of arabinofuranosidase, largely Ara B (see Example 2).
Units of endoxylanase, sulfhydryl oxidase and arabinofuranosidase as given herein should be understood to 15 be units defined with reference to the following assays.
Endoxylanase (Lyx) activity is measured by the hydrolysis of xylan from oat spelts suspended (35 g/l) in lM
glycine buffer pH 2.75. The viscosity of the solution is determined by using a capillary viscosimeter (Ubbelhode 20 type) at 47C. The time (t) needed for the upper meniscus of the liquid to fall down between two reference points is measured within time (T). The slope of the plot of T versus l/t yields an apparent kinetic constant. 1 Lyx unit is the amount needed to reach a value of 1 min~1 for that kinetic 25 constant.
Arabinofuranosidase (Arf) activity is measured by the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-arabinofuranoside. One arf unit is the amount of enzyme needed to liberate 1 ~mole p-nitrophenol per minute under the conditions of the test 30 described in 'Purification and some properties of an arabinofuranosidase from Aspergillus niqer, action on grape monoterpenyl arabinosylglycosides', Z. Gunata, J.M.
Brillouet, S. Voirin, R. Baumes, R. Cordonnier, J. Agric.
Food Chem. 38 (1989) 772.
Sulfhydryl oxidase (Sox) converts thiol compounds to their corresponding disulfides according to the equation:
2 RSH + 2 ~ RSSR + H202 Sox activity is determined by measuring the disappearance of glutathione in buffer solution in the presence of oxygen. One sox unit is the amount of enzyme needed to oxidize 1 ~mole glutathione per minute at 30C and 5 pH 7.
Legend to the Figure Results from alveograph test as described in Example 1. Ref. no enzymes nor ascorbic acid added. Lyx+Sox (calc.) 10 iS calculation of the effect of Lyx + Sox assuming no synergy. Lyx+Sox (Exp.) is experimental result of Lyx + Sox.
Example 1 In order to determine the rheological effects of 15 enzymes and ascorbic acid (AA) separately, the following experiment was performed.
A virgin flour, devoid of any additives or processing aid, was used. Ascorbic acid or an enzyme composition was added according to Table 1. An alveograph 20 was operated according to a standard procedure AFNOR V-03-710. Alveograph traces were drawn from a Chopin alveograph:
kneading at 24C for 20 minutes.
Table 1 Test No. AA (ppm) Units Lyx Units Sox 0 0 o 2 0 70 o _ ` 21S7718 Table 2 Test No. P L W
In Table 2 the rheological properties of the formed doughs are shown. The P-value is related to tenacity of the dough, L is related to elasticity and W to strength of the dough 15 (AFNOR V-03-710). A desirable result is an increase in strength (W) in combination with an increase of the elasticity (L) and a reduction of the tenacity (P).
It is clear that ascorbic acid increases the strength of a dough. However, at the same time an 20 undesirable reduction of the elasticity and an increase of the tenacity occurs. As in the case of chemical oxidizing agents, Sox also increases the strength and the tenacity, but reduces the elasticity. In the Figure, the effect of Lyx, Sox and the combination Lyx + Sox is shown on the 25 parameters P, L and W. From the effect of Lyx and Sox alone, a combined effect can be calculated (Lyx + Sox (Calc.)). The effect is compared with the experimental result (Lyx + Sox (Exp.)). This shows that a combination of Sox and Lyx results in strong favourable synergy on extensibility and 30 tenacity, while at the same time the strength of the dough is not decreased significantly.
Example 2 Dough was prepared by mixing:
2 kg French virgin flour, 45 g sodium chloride, 70 g baker's yeast, enzymes and/or AA (see Table 3 below; units are units 5 per kg flour) and 1.2 litres water cooled at 4C, kneading for 15 minutes and then - leaving one part in a proofing system for fermentation; the height of that dough piece after 3 hours fermentation enabled evaluation of the tolerance of the 10 dough;
- mechanically shaping the remaining part into baguettes and measuring the length. This enabled evaluation of the extensibility of the dough. The baguettes were left for fermentation at 20C for lh 45 mins 15 and finally baked for 20 minutes at 225C. Loaf volumes of baked breads were measured.
Table 3 Test No. Units Lyx Units Arf Units Sox AA (ppm) 70 (AraB) 50 0 6 70 70 (AraA) 50 0 7 0 70 (AraB) 50 o g Table 4 Test No. Extensibility Dough Tolerance Loaf Volume (cm) (mm) As shown in Table 4, the addition of ascorbic acid alone improved the loaf volume. However, it also reduced the extensibility of the dough. As hereinbefore mentioned, this reduction in dough extensibility is a negative aspect of the application of ascorbic acid.
Ascorbic acid was also tested in combination with Lyx and Arf, an additive combination known for use in 20 baking, (test no. 3). Ara B was the major isoenzyme in the Arf preparation.
In test no. 4, an enzyme combination was investigated that resulted in a loaf volume even higher than that observed with the combination of ascorbic acid with Lyx 25 and Arf. The extensibility was the same as for the combination of ascorbic acid with Lyx and Arf.
Dough extensibility was found surprisingly to be further improved by the addition of Arf without any negative effect on dough tolerance or loaf volume (test no. 5).
Comparison of results obtained in tests no. 5 and 6 show that Ara B performs better than Ara A with regard to extensibility and loaf volume mainly.
Dough tolerance and loaf volume were found surprisingly to be optimal with the combination of Sox and Arf replacing ascorbic acid (test no. 7).
Legend to the Figure Results from alveograph test as described in Example 1. Ref. no enzymes nor ascorbic acid added. Lyx+Sox (calc.) 10 iS calculation of the effect of Lyx + Sox assuming no synergy. Lyx+Sox (Exp.) is experimental result of Lyx + Sox.
Example 1 In order to determine the rheological effects of 15 enzymes and ascorbic acid (AA) separately, the following experiment was performed.
A virgin flour, devoid of any additives or processing aid, was used. Ascorbic acid or an enzyme composition was added according to Table 1. An alveograph 20 was operated according to a standard procedure AFNOR V-03-710. Alveograph traces were drawn from a Chopin alveograph:
kneading at 24C for 20 minutes.
Table 1 Test No. AA (ppm) Units Lyx Units Sox 0 0 o 2 0 70 o _ ` 21S7718 Table 2 Test No. P L W
In Table 2 the rheological properties of the formed doughs are shown. The P-value is related to tenacity of the dough, L is related to elasticity and W to strength of the dough 15 (AFNOR V-03-710). A desirable result is an increase in strength (W) in combination with an increase of the elasticity (L) and a reduction of the tenacity (P).
It is clear that ascorbic acid increases the strength of a dough. However, at the same time an 20 undesirable reduction of the elasticity and an increase of the tenacity occurs. As in the case of chemical oxidizing agents, Sox also increases the strength and the tenacity, but reduces the elasticity. In the Figure, the effect of Lyx, Sox and the combination Lyx + Sox is shown on the 25 parameters P, L and W. From the effect of Lyx and Sox alone, a combined effect can be calculated (Lyx + Sox (Calc.)). The effect is compared with the experimental result (Lyx + Sox (Exp.)). This shows that a combination of Sox and Lyx results in strong favourable synergy on extensibility and 30 tenacity, while at the same time the strength of the dough is not decreased significantly.
Example 2 Dough was prepared by mixing:
2 kg French virgin flour, 45 g sodium chloride, 70 g baker's yeast, enzymes and/or AA (see Table 3 below; units are units 5 per kg flour) and 1.2 litres water cooled at 4C, kneading for 15 minutes and then - leaving one part in a proofing system for fermentation; the height of that dough piece after 3 hours fermentation enabled evaluation of the tolerance of the 10 dough;
- mechanically shaping the remaining part into baguettes and measuring the length. This enabled evaluation of the extensibility of the dough. The baguettes were left for fermentation at 20C for lh 45 mins 15 and finally baked for 20 minutes at 225C. Loaf volumes of baked breads were measured.
Table 3 Test No. Units Lyx Units Arf Units Sox AA (ppm) 70 (AraB) 50 0 6 70 70 (AraA) 50 0 7 0 70 (AraB) 50 o g Table 4 Test No. Extensibility Dough Tolerance Loaf Volume (cm) (mm) As shown in Table 4, the addition of ascorbic acid alone improved the loaf volume. However, it also reduced the extensibility of the dough. As hereinbefore mentioned, this reduction in dough extensibility is a negative aspect of the application of ascorbic acid.
Ascorbic acid was also tested in combination with Lyx and Arf, an additive combination known for use in 20 baking, (test no. 3). Ara B was the major isoenzyme in the Arf preparation.
In test no. 4, an enzyme combination was investigated that resulted in a loaf volume even higher than that observed with the combination of ascorbic acid with Lyx 25 and Arf. The extensibility was the same as for the combination of ascorbic acid with Lyx and Arf.
Dough extensibility was found surprisingly to be further improved by the addition of Arf without any negative effect on dough tolerance or loaf volume (test no. 5).
Comparison of results obtained in tests no. 5 and 6 show that Ara B performs better than Ara A with regard to extensibility and loaf volume mainly.
Dough tolerance and loaf volume were found surprisingly to be optimal with the combination of Sox and Arf replacing ascorbic acid (test no. 7).
Claims (18)
1. A method of preparing a dough for a baked pro-duct which includes incorporating into the dough an effective amount of hemicellulase and an effective amount of sulfhydryl oxidase in the absence of glucose oxidase.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the hemi-cellulase is an endoxylanase.
3. A method according to claim 1 whereby the hemi-cellulase and sulfhydryl oxidase are added so as to increase the volume of the baked product and produce a dough extensi-bility of at least 98% of the extensibility of the same dough minus improver additives.
4. A method according to claim 2 wherein endoxyla-nase is included in the dough at from 1 to 1000 units per kg flour and sulfhydryl oxidase is included in the dough at from
5 to 1000 units per kg flour.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the hemi-cellulase is arabinofuranosidase.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the hemi-cellulase is arabinofuranosidase.
6. A method according to claim 5 whereby the arab-inofuranosidase is added so as to improve both volume of the baked product and dough extensibility.
7. A method according to claim 5 wherein said ara-binofuranoside preparation is included in the dough so as to provide from 1 to 1000 arabinofuranosidase (Arf) units per kg of flour.
8. A method according to claim 5 wherein the en-zyme component of said preparation is at least predominately arabinofuranosidase B.
9. A method according to claim 1 wherein the dough is a French bread dough suitable for production of a baked product selected from French sticks and baguettes.
10. A method according to claim 1 whereby the hemi-cellulase comprises endoxylanase and arabinofuranosidase said arabinofuranosidase predominately being arabinofuranosidase B.
11. A method of producing a baked product which comprises preparing a dough according to any one of claims 1 to 10 and baking the dough thus prepared.
12. A dough prepared by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
13. A baked product prepared by baking a dough ac-cording to claim 12.
14. An enzyme composition for use in a method ac-cording to claim 1 wherein the enzyme component comprises hemicellulase and sulfhydryl oxidase in the absence of glucose oxidase.
15. An enzyme composition according to claim 14 which includes endoxylanase and/or arabinofuranosidase and sulfhydryl oxidase.
16. An enzyme composition for use in improving a dough for a baked product wherein the enzyme component com-prises endoxylanase, and/or arabinofuranosidase, and sulfhydryl oxidase.
17. An enzyme composition according to claim 15 or claim 16 wherein said arabinofuranosidase is at least predom-inately arabinofuranosidase B.
18. An enzyme composition according to any one of claims 14 to 17 in the form of a bread improver composition containing one or more additional dry dough ingredients.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94202573.5 | 1994-09-07 | ||
| EP94202573 | 1994-09-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2157718A1 true CA2157718A1 (en) | 1996-03-08 |
Family
ID=8217175
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002157718A Abandoned CA2157718A1 (en) | 1994-09-07 | 1995-09-07 | Bread doughs |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH08266214A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE197873T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU684658B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2157718A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69519553D1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA957521B (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6358543B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2002-03-19 | Danisco A/S | Method of improving the properties of a flour dough, a flour dough improving composition and improved food products |
| US6924366B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2005-08-02 | Bioteknologisk Institut | Recombinant hexose oxidase, a method of producing same and use of such enzyme |
| US6936289B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2005-08-30 | Danisco A/S | Method of improving the properties of a flour dough, a flour dough improving composition and improved food products |
| EP0796559B2 (en) † | 1996-03-19 | 2006-03-01 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | A novel enzyme combination |
| US7745599B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2010-06-29 | Danisco A/S | Hexose oxidase-encoding DNAs and methods of use thereof |
| US8178090B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2012-05-15 | Danisco A/S | Recombinant hexose oxidase |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006502737A (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2006-01-26 | メープル リーフ ベイカリー インコーポレイテッド | Bread dough composition and method for baking yeast fermented frozen bread products |
| JP7490695B2 (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2024-05-27 | ピュラトス・エヌブイ | Bread improver |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATE77203T1 (en) * | 1987-12-21 | 1992-07-15 | Cultor Oy | METHOD FOR IMPROVING FLOURDOUGH. |
| FI84970C (en) * | 1988-04-22 | 1992-02-25 | Suomen Sokeri Oy | FOERFARANDE FOER FOERBAETTRING AV DEGENS EGENSKAPER OCH BROEDETS KVALITET. |
| JPH0398529A (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1991-04-24 | Sankyo Foods Kk | Method for making bread |
-
1995
- 1995-09-06 AU AU30459/95A patent/AU684658B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-09-07 DE DE69519553T patent/DE69519553D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-07 ZA ZA957521A patent/ZA957521B/en unknown
- 1995-09-07 AT AT95202436T patent/ATE197873T1/en active
- 1995-09-07 CA CA002157718A patent/CA2157718A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-09-07 JP JP22955495A patent/JPH08266214A/en active Pending
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7727572B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2010-06-01 | Danisco A/S | Recombinant hexose oxidase, a method of producing same and use of such enzyme |
| US6726942B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2004-04-27 | Danisco A/S | Method of improving the properties of a flour dough, a flour dough improving composition and improved food products |
| US6924366B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2005-08-02 | Bioteknologisk Institut | Recombinant hexose oxidase, a method of producing same and use of such enzyme |
| US6936289B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2005-08-30 | Danisco A/S | Method of improving the properties of a flour dough, a flour dough improving composition and improved food products |
| US7544795B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2009-06-09 | Danisco A/S | Recombinant hexose oxidase, a method of producing same and use of such enzyme |
| US6358543B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2002-03-19 | Danisco A/S | Method of improving the properties of a flour dough, a flour dough improving composition and improved food products |
| US7745599B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2010-06-29 | Danisco A/S | Hexose oxidase-encoding DNAs and methods of use thereof |
| US7931924B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2011-04-26 | Danisco A/S | Method of improving the properties of a flour dough, a flour dough improving composition and improved food products |
| USRE43341E1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2012-05-01 | Danisco A/S | Method of improving the properties of a flour dough, a flour dough improving composition and improved food products |
| US8178090B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2012-05-15 | Danisco A/S | Recombinant hexose oxidase |
| US8338153B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2012-12-25 | Dupont Nutrition Biosciences Aps | Recombinant hexose oxidase, a method of producing same and use of such enzyme |
| US8460723B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2013-06-11 | Dupont Nutrition Biosciences Aps | Method of improving the properties of a flour dough, a flour dough improving composition and improved food products |
| EP0796559B2 (en) † | 1996-03-19 | 2006-03-01 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | A novel enzyme combination |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA957521B (en) | 1996-03-28 |
| DE69519553D1 (en) | 2001-01-11 |
| AU3045995A (en) | 1996-03-21 |
| ATE197873T1 (en) | 2000-12-15 |
| AU684658B2 (en) | 1997-12-18 |
| JPH08266214A (en) | 1996-10-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20020909 |