CA2149908A1

CA2149908A1 - Pressure pad

Info

Publication number: CA2149908A1
Application number: CA002149908A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Bernd Kroplin; Torsten Talmann
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1992-11-21
Filing date: 1993-11-17
Publication date: 1994-06-09
Also published as: ATE171442T1; WO1994012423A1; EP0674597B1; AU5563094A; EP0674597A1; DE59309016D1; DE4339211A1

Abstract

A pressure pad can be used in a particularly advantageous manner in underground mining with shield-type support for temporarily propping the ground, for aligning and lifting heavy parts and for timbering drifts, tunnels or comparable cavities within rocks. The pressure pad has an at least partially flexible envelope (12) which contains a plurality of chambers (22). A fluid may be introduced inside the chambers (22) by an appropriate arrangement in order to support the envelope (12) against pressure strains from outside. In order to simplify production and handling, the chambers are designed as sections of a pressure hose which is preferably folded up inside the envelope in a special manner. This pressure pad may be inflated in a very short time, preferably with compressed air, in order to temporarily support excavations, for example.

Description

21~9~)08 g, ~ 5 5 '~
The inv~rltion ~ei~trQs to a pr~s;, ~-~ p~d h~vL~i a~
at laa~t pr~rti~L.l y fl~i.h~ ~. covorl' n5 whic:h c2rl b~
infl~ed by ~edln~ ~ nl~Cl''U~I in~.o ~,it~r or. t he co-Jering .
In und~r~rf~und m.i.nins, ~ n p5r~. coal m~.nl.~, th~ wo~inc ~qpac~ in tn~. fac~? is Q~... d r.7ith t:h .d of hydr~ulic: pre:~sllr~ pads, s~ lledsh.~ o I ds .
f~rther fu~c~i~n ~f t;h~s~ shielf~s i~ t~ p~v~n~ r~
cr~ ng aw~y hy mai.~lt~ ing a c~tain SUP~Jrt ;~1q 15 P~ e~ ~!r~ on ~h~
Wh~ n wnrk l n¢ c~ .l s ~.~.m ~ n~ r c~ .; r~l c ~a l ~nining, depending on the g~ologl c~al cc)nd .ti~ns, tne oc~ur wi ~h va~y' ng degrf~ f r~u ~ i ty sf)~ L l~
ou~br~aks, i.~. cavl.-~.i.es~ which occur c~u~r.insr driving i~
20 ro~)c c~Umbl~35 ~ Ly ~rh~?n th~ l~y~r of c~21 iS removf~dA
'rhes~3 ca-~ities ~nust. be filled befO7'`/? fll-tn~ anCln~ in c~rc~er tc) est~blish th~.contacts be~teen th~ shi~ld ~ur~a~es and the rc:~k ar,~i t(~ ~up!?ort th~ ro~f, bec~ ;e oth~L~ise th~re wo~ld be th~ i.mmi.n~nt pr~s~?ect of a 25 constant further crllmbling-away of th.~ ;rock and an enlargement of the ou~.hrQak far bey~nd tne original.
extent, which con~itu~e~ an una~cepta~1~ s~ty risk and may ev~n ~ake fur~h~r acl~ranci.ng impnsfiib~
The fi.}.l.in~ of such outb~ea~;s by us~ ng ~he ` 214~!308 . ~ ...
pr~3~iou~ly kn~ n d~Ji~ and m~tho~ r~ tli r~ th~ work~rs to stay ~r sonte c~r~ r~hl~ time uncle r~neat~l the UnS~?-cured roof, which results in fr~ql1ent ~nd ~;e~i,C~19 ~c'~i-dents , whi ch Are not. ~ln~ommnnl y f.~.al, ~zu~ by fallinq 5 ~:one anc~ co~1 just when thi ~ w~k i~ heing carriod ~ut~
In ~cldition, there ls high mate:ri.al con~ump~ n, in particular o~ woo~l ~nd/or c~th~r build~ n~ n~ater1Al~, such ~s ~or exampl~ fo~med concrete, which ar~ us~d for filll~g. Finally, ~he coneiderable a~ount o~ tim~ n~ces-10 sary fo~ carryinq out th~ work, of up tn ~ we~!c, resultsin ~erioug produc~; on losses . To p~r~nit rapi~ f illing of csavities in minin~
there hav~ b~en deve10ped containers o~ prRssure p~ds which are f ~ :Ll~ ~rom th~ lns1de with ~ mu1tl-component mixture, preferably with a t~o-~ompon~nt foam, whioh complet~ly fills ~he interio~ of th~ pa~ and ensures the p~ds stability ~D~ 35 00 04l Al).
It has in this ca~e proved to be disadvantag~ous that th~ pad~ a~ only r~ady for ~1S~ aft~ an ~q~lat~
curin~ time, sln~e. ~therwi~ the c~pressive ~tr~ngth is not adequ2t~. Furthe~mor~, cuch pre~ure pa~s with which multi-~omponent mix~ures are used, such ~9 for instan~e tWO-componsn~ foam, are v~ry ~xpen.siv~ and r~uir~ large . amount~ o~ valuahl~ r~w mat~riaLs. Al~, th~ heat p~o-~_~ 25 ~uced during ~uring of ~hç multi-~omponent mixt~re i5 undesired, in p~rticular ~n mining, sinco it can ~esult in an uncontrolled heating of ~he pressur~ pad, meaning that su~h pad.s cAnnot b~ ~lsed in part { ~ular whenever th~re i9 th~ risk of explasion owing to an unfavourable g~s ~ixturs. Finally, ~he kn~n pre~sure pads ha~ the disadvantag~ in tha~ théy ~an he u~ed onl~ ~nce and then, when they ara no long~r bei.ng used after tempor~ry use, : ~an be removet ag~in only with yrs~t ~fort.
~he lnvent~.on is based on th~ ohj~ct of pro~iding 3~ an improved pr~ssure pad wh.i.ch avoi~s the dl~advantages o~ ~he prior art and pe~mlts t.he mo~t universal possib~e use for other ~as~s a~ w~ll. At the same time t in pa~-ti~ular a high compreRsive ~tabilLty is to be ensured, in order to pe~mit supportlng of heavy lo~d~; and ta be able 214~08 t;; ~ill a~ larqe ~ volume as po~ibl~ in a s i mp:Ls and qui~k way. ~rther~o~ it i~ prefer~ly also ~equi~e~ to be availabl~ as quic~ly as possible an~ to m~et a high s~fety s~and~rd in æpite o~ lowest posslbl~ c05ts.
~hi~ ~bj~ct is achieved a~ordi.ng t~ the invçn-tion by a pr~.sslsr~ pa~ having an at least parti~l.ly flexible coverinq, within which ~ plurality of chamb~rs are provi~ed~ havLn~ a device ~or ~eeding a fluid in~o the lnterio~ o~ ~he aham~ers und~r pre~sur~ to 6up~0rt the c~v~rlng against pres~ure loadinq from outside.
~ ccordinq to the in~en~ion, a plurality of cham~ers ar~ provid~d, whlch are ~nclo~ed by a common covering. ~ince, accordin~ to the invention, the prsSs~lx~
~ ns~quen~ly not ahsor~ed ~y a sin~le ~hamher but instead, dependin~ on ~he si~e of the covering, ~ny number ~f individual ~hamb~rs may b~ providçd, it i~
pos:ibl~ to fill even r~lat..ively la~ v~lu~s without this re3ulting in hlgh-levellinq o~ ~he chambe~s.
Furthermor~, ~t is possible to ma~e the individual ~20 chamber~ pr~s~re-tight ~n~epend~ntly of one anoth~r, :-~meaning that, in the event that individual ~hamher~ are damage~, ade~ua~ .a~ ty ~f the pr~s~ur~ pads is ~till alw~ys en3ured. By v~rtue of th~ considerably 6maller vol~ of the lndlv~dual ~hamb~rs, ~uring filling with a fluid under pressure they can absorb a con~iderably ~:~higher pressux~ than wo~lld b~ po~s~blQ in the ~e of a pressur~ pad wl~.h ~ ~ingle pressllre chamb~r.
A ~urthe~ adv~ntaga of the configuration a~cor-ding to th~ inventi.on ls that the covering can be made to ~0 -~it b~tter the mechanical 5tr~9 r~m outsid~, ince it does not have to ~e made~ ga~tight. Accord~ng to the ~nv~ntion, a separation of the ~nctlon~ o~ the ~ov~ring and of the chAm~r~ i~ thus achieved. Con~qu~ntly. it i~
made possib~e to use ~ ~ech~ni~ally p~rtl~ularly r~sis-~ant, that ~s to say particularl~ tear-res~stant and cut-resl~tan~ mater~l as the ~overing materi~, ~hile the wall ~aterial of ~he ch~bers c~n he chosen ~pecifically f~r hi~h compressive st~ength ~nd gastightness. It is only by this separation accordlng to the inv~.ntion ~hat 21499û8 Il .
a pre~3u~e p3d whic~ en~ures an optiu~ n eom~ iol~ of the abo~e~mentlolled func:t~on~ of coverin~ ~nd ch~rrL~ers be<~omes po~ ~ ihle ~
A pressure pad accordlng t.c) the in~.~e3ntic~n h~ ~ an 5 extremely high loadabillt~ an~ r~istan~e to mec~nani.cal dam~g~, ~here ~eing at the ~ im~ fu~ther a~vant.~g~s ~`
b~ virtue or lo~ trartspor~ volwne a~ weight and also qui~k ~nd 9irnple h~lldlir-g. ~
In a pr~.ferred further d~velopm~nt o~ the inven-10 tion, at ~eas~ m~ c~f the cha~ber~ ax~ fc~ted by indi-id~tal section~ af a p~ssllre hos~ whi ~h arç s~pa.rat~d ~, fr~m one another, Thi~ measure has the adv2n~ge that th~
cha.nbars can be c~*ated i.n a E~articularl y simpl~ way . Fo~
the purposa of partl cularly simpl.e prod~ction and h~nd-lin~, a ~ingle press;t~re h~e m2y be used within th~e covering and b~? subdi.~Jided into the chambsrs. :~
P~lthough the chambers c:an f in principle, be ~ormed }:)y tying of the pressure ho~e, in the case of a particularly preferre~ ~on~i~uratlon of the inv~ntion ~.hR
-~ ~ 20 pres~ura hos~ i5 subdivid~d into the cha~ers by folding.
~hus, a pres~ure hose whi~h is folded together 'n a suitAble way is intro~u~d intQ the covering.
: Thi~ ~ol~ing to~ether may tak~ place ~or example ~: by the pre~sur~ ho~e b~ing folded alternately from ~ft

2 5 to righ~ and ~ack ~h~ nther way again, so tha~ the f~rm - o~ a fol~d-together h~atin~ ~oil is produced. In this cas~, the length o~ tha indi~idu~l se~tions in the ~: inflated ~tat~ expediently cor~espond~ ~o the lengt~l of the coverinq. After fo~ ng an~ tying off th~ ends of the pres~urq hose, the latter 1~ preferably fol~ toge~her in a certain way, for example with five sect~ons next to one an~ther and five sections ons a~o~e th~ other and fix~d in this f~rm, for exa~ple by Realing t~pe, b~for~
~: it is introducRd into the ou~er ~ove~ing.
As the fluid which i,9 introdu~ed under pr~ssu~Q, -~: U3~ may ~e ~ade for exa~ple of water, whl~h i~ usually available in ade~uate quantities in mining. Parti~ular ~; advantag~s are obtain~d i~ a ~as, in palticula~
compress~d air, i.s used as the fluld. This re~ul~s in , ~
.

- ~1499~8 , great1y slm~l.if-.e~l h~n~lin~ ~n~1 ex~ee~l.ngly low we.ight of the pressllre pa~ in ~.h~ inflate~ state. A p~eSsUr~ pad with a la.ngth o~ sever~l m~t.re~ and a d~am?ter of up t~
one metre~ has in th.is o~se~ depending on the S coniguration o:E the covering, only a w~.ight of th~ ~rder of about 10 to 25 k~ an~, in ~he unu~e~ s~te, can be compactly fold~d tog~th~r. ~h~ n~ s~ry pres.~e may be generated in situ b~ a compre~or or ~y so~e other co~pre~d-air connection or ~lse by m~n~ of a ga~
bottLe.
~ n an a~ant~olls fLlrther d~v~lopm~nt of the ~n~en~lon, a control d~vlce for regu1at.ing the pressure ~f ~he fluid is provid~d.
This mak~s it po~sibl~. tn ch~n~e the internal pressure of th~ chambers and collse~u~ntly ~.o adapt the ~ha~er volusne in ~ way àepend~n. on th~ outer loadir.~ OL
the covering. ~ons~quently, t~.~ volume of the covering can be adapted wi~hin certain limits, ~or ~x~mpl~ to the volume o~ an outbrea'~ rthermcr~, the pr.~sure p~d can be used as a lift.~ng mean~ for rai.~ing hea~ parts, an~
at the same ti~e be used ~or v~r~ical alignm~nt of the pArtS lf the presæur~ is varied.
~ n this case, A pres~tlre-~el~as~ val~ i 5 expe-~iently prc~ided i.n ord~r to avoid e~ceedin~ the p~rmissible maximt~ prsæsur~ o~ th~ ~hambers in any - ~vent .
In principle, a wid~ ~a.ri~ty o~ mat~rials ~r~
suita~lt3 ~or produc.ing th~ pressur~ hns~s. For example, ~etal foil~, su~h as aluminium foils or the lLke, co~e into consider~t1on fo~ th~s p~rpo~e. ~owever, parti~u-l~rly pre~e~ed ~e h~h~treng~h plastic ma~e~ials, which are alx~ady c~mm~r~ .l.ly a~J~ lah:Le ;n ho~ form.
It ~ p~ticul~rly pre~erred a~cord.l.ng ~o the lnventi~n that th~ p~ossure hos~s consist of polyethylen~
t~reph~halate. This mat~rial. h~s a high tensil~ s~ren~th and an approximately linear s~ress-strain ch~acteristi~.
In sinqle h~ses, with a wall ~hi~kn~ss of about 35 micrometres, up to a diamet~r of ahout 5 cm, thi m2~erial can take an internal pressur~ of abollt 2 bar 214~908 ~ith adequ~te saf~3~y. ~f t~ hig~ler p~?s~ur~ i~ r~ t~i~e~, multiple ho~es m2y al~o h~ u~ed. Fo:r~ instanc~, ~ two-layer ho~e of polyethyl~n~ terephthalat~ with a di.~.lneter of about 5 ctn can be l~ d w; th ~n int~rnal pr~ssu~s o~
5 a~Out S bar with adeq-late ~f~3ty.
Partlcularly ~çferr~d for ~Lpplications i.!l underground mining i~ ~he use of two-layer pressure hoses, whi~h caIt be u~ed ~er l~rge-vollJme covQrings wLth a dlameter of ~boll~ 15-1~ c~n und~.r an op~rati.ng pressure 10 of about 0 . 5 bar.
Depending on the required mechanical robu~tn~s~
~f the coverin~ and the rs~ istarl~e of th~ coverinq to penetration ~ ~oreign ~odies, lt may b* advarltP.geQus if th~ covering compris~.~3 a fAbric-reinforc~d material.
I~ special re~istance req~lir~m~ants have to be met, for exa~ple a fabric: rein~or~emen~ of ~rqmid fibres comes into consideration for this purpose. In additien, use may be ma~e of numerous ~ther textile f.ibr~s ~r glass fibres which have a high t~a~ resi3tan~ an~ - for 20 ~pplications in mining - are ~ far ~Y po~siblQ f l~me-retardant .
Particula~ly preferred or un~er~round operations is to us~ as the covering n~aterial a grid-Li}ce fabric co~ted on both ~lde~ with f lame-retardant and anti-s~at ic 25 ~VC.
In th~ case of a furth~r de~,-elopment of the inventlon, it i provided that the ~overinq consists o~
z welcla~l~ material which, by a welding overl2ppi.ng in the clrcu~nferencial direction, is join~d to p7~oduce 30 s~tantially cylindrical fo~m.
In the case~ o~ thi~ nf i.gllrat.ion, particulArly ~imple production of the c:overing i~ made p~ssibl~ by naterial of an appropri~t~ ~ength ~ein~ wo~ d for ~xampl~
aroun~ a rotatablc fram~ and ~ub~equ~ntly l~-we.ld~ y 35 means of a hc~ r w~ e~m. If th~ coverin~; mate~i al itself is producec~ from fabric-r~inforc:ed material, c~nsequently a cyl.inAri.~l hollow b~dy is obtaLn~d with ex~remely high tear resisl ance, ln partLc-llar by virtu~
o~ the seam release which 1~ oh~ain~d on ;~cc~ount of the 21~9908 relatively hi~h ~7~io~ic3nal l~si.st..anc~ of the FabLic ~ d.
In ~ pr~earr~ f~ h~r ~ rçl~pm~nt of t.sle inven-~ion, a -otr~ring ~hi~h me~3ts E~srticul~rly high ~afety req~ir~m~nts in mininq may b~ wound in th~ ~orm of a 5 cyli nd~r ~rom ~hree lay~c~ o~ th~ aL~ov~3me~ ion~d ~ricl-like fabric ~oe~t.~d orl both ~ es with PV~, tll~ out~ ~d~
~e~' ng ~s~.~ned ~long the l~ngl:h by ~ hot-air w~tc~ seam.
~or t~is purpo~, the m~eri~l is pre~rahly wound repe~tec~ly onto t~h~ fram~ in the '~ 2y desc~i~sd above . In 10 add~tion, ~ polyesthyl~n~ f.;.lm sp~aifl~ally ~uitable for mining, which ls commercially av~ le3 .in h~s~. ~orm, may he inserted into ~his thr~ layer cove~k~g.
In a~n additionAl furt~.h~ ~ d~ve1op~l~r.t o4 the inv~ntion, i.t i ~; protrid~d that thf3 cov~3ri.ng c:~n ke ti~
15 ~f at the ends by m~ans o~ mping devi~ and has at at 1e~s~ one end a feeding hos~ 1ed throu~h the c1amE~ing ~e~rice into the lnt~rior of th~ c:ove~in~.
In the ca~e o thi~ deve1Opnlent of the pr~si,ur~
hc~g r partlc~ rly ~lmpl Q p~oduction ~s mad~ po~3ib1e ir 20 ~h1s way, anc~ a ~urable ancl s~?cllre se~Ling 1s achiev~cl by means of a ~l ampi ng cl~vic:e, a i~d ho~e b~ing provided at the same ~ime ~or supp1yin~ the pressur~.
In an ~1~ern~ti-v~ w~y, ~t thF~ ends of the ~:overing ther~ may be p~ovided f~st~snin~ m~sans, on which . 2~ a securing ban~ runn~ ng in the circumferentia1 ~.ire~tion can be fasten~d.
This may be ac~hieved, for ~3xamF~ , by the covering bein~ tucked i.nwar~ls at it~ end ~n~ by ri.~t~ting on metal eyel ets, through which ~ rope is p~sed, the two 30 ends of which are ~as~ened to eAch c~th~?r hy at least one rop~ c 1 amp .
A~; a res-llt, a partic~ Larly rel iahl~ and si.mple~
to-prod~lce cl~ re of the cov~rlnq at its en~s is obtain~3~, it b~inq possible to le~d out. in thR centre the 35 fe~d hose for s~pp:l.yin~ the pr~ssur~.
To permit h.igh st~bi.lity of the covering, ill particular ~t its en~.ç, and simplest pos~;ible production o~ the ::C)Vering, it i~ adv~ntageolls ; ~ ~n1y a singl~
comnlon feod hose is provided f~r ~eedinq the fluid into t~l~ i n t ~ r i ~ r ~ a~ e ~
In the ca~ie of ~n advantagecus development o~ khe in~rention th~re 1s ~he~efo~e provid~d at the end of ~h~
~ommon feed hos~3 witnin th~? co~ring a distribu~or, which 5 may be m~de $or ~xample as a T~pi.ece, to which the f eed h~es for the pre~urP. hos~ and~o~ ~he individual cham-bers are couE~led In this way, a sinlple connection of th~ p~ssure ho~e and, 1f appropriate, of furt~er in~ividua~ chamhers 10 is m~de po~ible, at tlle ~ame tim~ only one feed lin~
~n~o the int~rio~ of the coveri.ng being r~quired.
~_ ~n the case of a pref~rred further d~7elopment of the invention, the ~t least one pressure hos~, whi~h is f olcle~d together in the coverLng is connee~.ed at bo~h ends 15 to a feed hose for ~eedlng Ln ~luicl under pr~s~ure.
'rhu~;, the pre~sur~ ho~e can be filled with c~ompre~ed air simultaneou~ly from botn ends, which has an overall adv~ntageo-l~ effe~t on th~ speed and unifor-mity of the filling ope~a~ion. Furthe~nore., ln the case 20 o t~is c:onfiguration it .is en9llrecl that, aft~ar ~ompls-tion of the f Llling operation, th~ p.~es~ure hos~ forms self-~ontalned, vlrtually annular sy~te~n ~hic~h p~ov:ides optimum pre~sure equaliza~ion between the ind~-vldual hose section~ and consequently avoids to ~ great extent unev~n ~_, 25 ~ e~es on dif ~erent sections when there is une~ren l~ading from th~ o~ltSi~iR.
In ~ iurther prP.~a~red ~on~igur~tion of the i.nventlon, the common f~3~cl hose ls c~ ssc~ of ~ c~utsid~3 the co~reri ng b~ a pneumat~c quick-action coupl inq, which ~an 30 ~e coupled t.o a ~orreæponding couplin~ ~alement of a pneumatici line, prafe~atily by slipping it on.
Such a qllick-action c!o~lpLlng, whih i~ a cus~O~
m~ry pnallmatic par~, ha~ th~ unct~on of a non-r~-~.urn valv~, which op~n~ aut~matic~l.l.y np~n ~n~e~ion of t.he 35 co~e~ponding couplLng element and si.m.ilarly clos~ a~n au~omatically upon it~ removal . Apart f rom s i mple hancl-ling, this produces the ~fantag~ that not only Eill inq ~t also amptyin~ of th~ ~h~ rs can ha ca~ d ollt unproblelnatical ly by means c)E this arrangemsnt .

214990~ ~
g F'~r ti11illc3, ~ n~ h~ ~ v~ l fllr~ ~r:e, ~ut~i.de t~le ~c~t~Ln~, ~n ~ pt.or t.~ w~ t~ A ~ aLi~y ~f pr~ssure pa~s c~n b~ conll~c~ed by m~ns ~ qtlick-~c~ion couplin~ ~o t.hat ~ .ity o~ pre~re pad~ he ~illed simultan~ousl~ by a single compressed-~ir sourae.
A pressure-release valve may also be ln~e~rate~ in~o such an a~aptor, t:o 9n~ure that th~ permissible pr~s~ure i~
not exc~de~ i.n any ~vent. Such ~ pr~ssure-rele~ v~lve may b~ a~iti.nn~lly coupled also to an acoustic warning ~.ign~1 in the event o~ r~sponse. ~urther~or~, s~h ~n adaptor may ~ m~de t~ it th~ connecti.on of an existing carnpr~sed-~ir system, me~nin~ t,ha~ ~ur~h~ coupling pieces are n~t re~uired.
In th~ c~e of a furtheL- preferrkd devel~-m~nt. of 5 ~Ahe. in~ention, it is envis~ge~ t~o le~ the e.rt~s o~ ths ~ov~ring in ea~h case throu~h a ring, tak~ them ~c~ck over the rln~ from ellt~ide ~nd s~cuxe them hy m~ans of clam-p~ng d~vices.
As ~ restllt, a reliahle and durabl* ~ying off of ~0 the oovsri n~ at i.t~ ~n~ls is ~ohiev~d in a p~rticul~ly simple way, to a gr~at extent avoldin~ the ris~ of dama~e : and also avo~ding th~ clamping devi.~5 ~l.ipp.ing ou~ at the ~nds lf subje~ed to ~ ti~ ly high pre~sure by the internal pressur~ of the ~ha.mbe.rs.
In an addit.ic)n~l d~velopment of tne inv~ntion, it is provid~ ~.hat the at least one pres~ure ha~ .is led at ~ leAst one en~ ~ver A hnss with a bul~e and is securet against th~ bulg~ by means of a~ leas~ one cable tie.
In thLs way, a risk of da~t~gin~ th~ pressure hose

3~ liminate~ to ~ g~e~t ext.ent., ev~n un~er hLgh int~rna~
prescture~ and~ with the a~d ~ the hulge, slipping off of the cabl~ ti~ i~ pr~v~nted. Thu~, a du~hl.e ~nd reliabl~
sedling of the pr~5~re hos~ at its ends can he achie~e~, at the ~am~ time incorporA~..tng ~ h~e ~o~ feeding in pr~ssure from the ou~,si.d~.
~ he hos~ on whlch the bulge is provided in order to secure th~ pressure hos~ ~gain~ . b~ means of a ca~le tie or the llke pref~rab~y consist.s of ~VC t an ant.i-static an~ fl.~me-rQ~.~rd~nt ~onfiq~lration being ~`; 214~908 prefDrred fn~ apE~lica~.iorl~ in mini ng Ln ~h~ c~s~ of tlli s con f .igur~ n, t~l~ h~
which s~?rves as ~n ~bntn~ t l~o~- ~he cz~l~? ti~ c~.n be simpLy produced by h~tin~; ~nt3 E~u~hing th~ ho~;~? tc~ h~3r.
5 With a ~-~latively ~re~t. ~11 t~hickn~5s o~ somt?
millimetr~s, the hos~ h~ cleqllate stability ~ ?n~ r.~ ~n uninterrupted .~upply o~ t.h~ ;.(1 into th~ inte~ior c)f the pres5ure hose aIId also to serve a~ ixinq E3c)int fo~
the tying ~f f In an additional fu~th~r cl~ elo~ment ~f t~
inven~ion, i~ is E~nvi ~3P.-~ t.hat the pr~sllr~ ho.s~ ls sealed of f at a~ st ~ne ~nr:3 i.n th-? r~ ~ on o f t~a hose t:ie or the hose tie~ by ~ li.ng compoun~l, in E~art.l~l]~r by slli.cone.
In this way, secu~e and re.li~ble se~1 ing c~n be achieved in the tyin~-off re~71.c)n, ev~n in t.~e 'a~7e!1~ f creAsirlq on pressur~ hoses of ~mall w~ hi~.k~.ess, sincP
fLne C2pl llaries and the I i k~? ar e s~cur?iy C}OSR¢I .
Furthermore, by virtue o~ the addit;~n.~lly App.1.ietl s~aling compound, which i.n t.~e c~se of sil iCOl1~ soLi-difios to fonn a flexi.hle lay~r, t~le frl~ti~r1 i~
increa~ed ancl the adh~s~on b~twe?en t:he E)~rt s lying ~ne c)n top of the other is improved, so that t.here is ~cldi.tional security again.st clampin~ d~vices sl lppirlg ~f f .
In the c~se o~ a furth~r conf i.~Turati~n o~ ~he inventi~n, it i9 envis~ed to ~i~ on f rom th~ utside R
suppl~mentary ho~e o~ a wind i ng of insula~ing tape or the liXe between a cable tie, which is fa~t~?ne~ front o~
a blllge of the hose, and the actual pressur~ hose o~Jer ~he underlying hoçe of PVC or the l.~k~, which sexves as the f eed hose .
By such a suppJ ~sment~ry ho~ or such a winding, which du~ing infl~tlng of th~. pressl1re hose i5 turned inside out And compr~ssed to fo~n a relatively sho~t x.ing, ~ direct contac~ be~ween ~he ~ensiti~e material of the pressure hos~ ~nd the ~able tie lying behind it is a~70idec~, thereby red~lcing the risk o~ d~aqe and relie-ving the ca~le tiesA As the ~uppl~mentary hose, us~ ~ay be made fo~ ex~mple o~ ~ hose h2lving an inner-lyin~ soft 2 1 4 9 ~ 0 8 plasti.c ~ yer. and arl ou-tf~r-lyi.ny f~b~ r~inf~r~d ~ t plas-tia l~y~. in th~ malln~r of a ~I.d*n h~
As already rn~n~ion~d at th~ ginning, th~
pr~3s~ p~-l m~y b~. us~ :~ n ~ p~rt.;.c~l.t 1 ~rly ad~nt~?o 5 way for the ~?mpor~ curinc~ of t~utbr~?aks in minlng with shielcl ~ port i~l und~rgro~lnc~ oE~r;ati~n~.
To ~v~id the n~ f~ ng~3rnu~; working h~t.t~ n the support an~l the unsecllr~d roof, the pr~p~r~d pressure pa~ may be push~d forward by means c~f a pole or th~ li.ke 10 into the o~ltb~ and th~n fill~d wi.~h fluid l~n~e~
pressure, that is to ~ay pr~ferably in~l~t~d wi~h ?~
; In this case i~ i5 expedient for si~.eabl~ ~u~-br~akc t~ U~;e a pl.uralii~ of cov~ringc, wi.thi n which p] ~ li.ty oE c!h~ rs ~r~? pT ~vi.~ i . In thl s w*y, ~lt-1~ breaks of di f~f~r~nt si~s c2~n b~ closed qui,~kly ~n~l s~f~31y with a single c~orl~ig~lr~r ion . ~nce one or mo~e covering.s have been p~ h~ lnt.~ th~ t.h~e~k, they are inr lat~d until ths ~u~ !C i.~ .~ il ].e~ to a grP.at e~t~nt and is ad~aquat~ly ~IpE~c~rtc~d~ The canopy oan ~ moved UE~
20 .sgain into an approxi.mat?ly horizont~l position ~lr~ady during the; nfl~ting of th~ pres~urQ hos~s . A.lternat:i~7e.1y an ~lignment o~ the c~nopy In~y al~ b~ p~r~ormed sub~equ~3ntly with th~pre~ r~ ho~ only par~ ally - i n~ ted.
~y th;.s m~?tho~ rt.ic~ rly ~u;c~k ancl s~nr~
tempora~y ~i.l l.ing of~utbreal~s of th~ roo~ can b~?
achievecl t~7hen providin~ ~hield support.. ~ e risk c)f ~cc~dents i.9 reduc~i c~ns~d~rably, sinc~ dAn~erous work.in~ in the unsecurec~ reg~ on i3 no lon~er required .
30 E'ur~h~r~norq~, the 1~npr~duc!~ive t~ms i~ a~ically reduced, æ~.n~e t.h~a fill.i.n~ of an out~.r~.k can h~ ac:hieved within a very ~hor~ time ~ Assoc i~3 ted ~ th th;.s is a c~onslderable saving of CC~e;tR . FurthRrm~e, the great consumption of ~roc~d in th~ ~as~ o~ ~h~ conventional use 3~ of prop~ to ~upport outbreak~ LS av~i.d~cl, which in tu~n has ~orresponding cost advAntag~s and r~ ves the -n~erground ~ pLy routes.
A furth~r advantag~ous aç:plic~ation c)f the inventi.on i~ that ~ fti n~ ~ndJor ~ ning h~vv parts .

`` 2149908 - ~.?. -~7ith th~ pr~ssure pad a~:cordi.n~ t.~ t.lle invention~
~0~ tin~ <~r ali~lling ~v~n p~.t.icl.llarLy hYal~ty pa~.s 1 ~
made possible, wi thollt h~vi.ng t.t~ accept a ha2~rd posed hy the b~lrsting of larqe-volurrl~ chamh~?rs und~r hiqh ~e.~-sure, In a p~T:ti.f~t~ rl.y ~dval-tag~.olls way, h~a~ E~rt~
c~an be al~.~n~cl wit,h the pre~ 7~e E~ aocording tc~ th~?
inventi~n iL t.hQ pr~ CSIlr~ of t;he cham~ors i~ r~qll].ate~.
Since s~lch a pressur~ r~gll l at ion ~an be achi~v~
lU simpl~ way, for f~xample wit:h tho aici of ~ pre~sllre-control valve, th~ ~r~n~ nen~. can b~ used i.rl a pa~ticularly ~i~pl.~ inexpensiV~ way. Furt.h~rrnor.~, no he~y lif t i ng m~ns su~h as cran~s Ot' the l i~ rP
requi~d. ~inally, pre~t~r~ ?gul ation can ~ p~rforrn~
~tery proc~isely and slowly, making prec~i.se ali ~n~i.ng o~
pa rt s po~ s il: 1 e .
In ~his way, for ~vamE)] e, ~pposite pipe ends o~
a p~ peli.n~ can b~ ali~n~d pr~clsely with each other l~nt:i l weld- ng is possibl~
A pre~ pad ~cc~ordin3 ~o the inv~ntion can, furthermore, be used in an adv~.n~.~.gec~uæ w~y a~ a se.ali n~
elemen~, ~n p~rticular during the filling of caviti~s with bui.ld;ng ma~erials wh.ich ar~ liquid in th~ initi~l sta~e, as a h~acl-~n se~l fo~ se~ling of ~ ~he cavi~y from the out~ide in or~r to p~rTni.~ b~ckf.illing with ~.h~
bui ~ ding ~aterial, or ~or sealing tulln~l 9 or galleri es .
If th~? pressur~ pa~ aocor~lng to th~ i.n~en~ion are used as a sl3alin~ el~3ment, on~3 possibility is to use ~hern as a so-called "head-on ~;eal" in ~lnd~rg~ound mining or in tunnel construction. Durin~ heading, in this ca~a .the cavity betwe~n support and rock can hs clos~cl c)f f by one or mo~ts pr~sure pad~3 of a ~uitab:le orrn, which upon inflation ~ith compres~d alr com~ to be~r in a sealing manner between ~upE)ort ~nd ro~ he ~a~.i.ty behind can then be filled ~ n a simple way with liqu~d builcling materlal, for example wit.h concrete, by a corr~sponding hose or pipe ~onnection, ~v~n f ill ing und~r press~re b~in~ po~si~
~fter harderling of ~he b~ilding material, the 2 1 4 9 ~ 0 8 ~ 13 ~
pr~ S~lt.C' p~t~i t:~:ln be ~mptie~i ~q~in .-trld ,,~n~ra~ ly ~n ~

A ~u.rtlle~- p~ s~ , for t;he ~ ic!c, ~.~IIIpO-rary ~ sing of t~lnne~s, ~all~ies ~n-l th~ Lik~, ~r 5 ex~npl~ in uncsorg~otlnd mini.n~ for ~ r~tin~ th~
ventil~ting c~urrent (air current.), ~or in~t2rl~. i.rl th~
~se ~f ~lre, the d~Jel~E~rneTst ~f ~s ~t~. Fo:~ tni s p~lrpose~ ~ne or m~re p~ nrr? p~ of ~rr~snor~ s .c;; ~e arr~. pl~d in the ~;unn~l r~r g~ ?ry ~( rlor?T`ll~c3 i1nrl 1() inflat~?c3, if appl~op:~iat~ in~ ~3c3irion~l S~2l ing mat~ri~ ch ~s f~r in*t~n(~ g!~ss wc)~ n~ o~ th~
11k~ . The pr~?s}3~ pads in this ca~2 interloc !c, ~ue to th~ i.ntf~rnal p~ nr-~? ~r~t~ blo~-l; t.ht? t:~nn~?l cr g~ ?ry.
In l~h~ a m~tiirica~on o,~ t.ili.~ hc~l, tn~
l; pressure pads ac~ordinq to t hs in~ ntlc~n C:?.'l ~ used ft~r qui.ck cons~ructLon o~ a d~m l nnl~rgr~ n~:l, th~ E~rC~ssll~e p?ds ~er~ing a~ ~he same time a~ fonnw~r~c. In this o~
initially a sçal i~ atl?tl in tht3 tllnn~l o~ g211~rv ing on~ or Ino} t~ pr~ r~ pads, if appro~ t.e Wit~l th~
20 additicn o a ~ealing m~ ria~ ch ~s ~or in~t~nc~
~g].a.~s wool o~ silane. B~twt3en this s~al an~ A l~url hçr cor~t~ponf.~inql~ cor1-qt.ru t.e 1, th~ lt3.i.ng rr?t:c~r c2n t.hen be intro~:lu~ecl and i~ h~ld t~rt~rn h~th slde~ in th~
tunn~l or q~ ry by t.he q~ ly in~l~ts~ pressur~ cls, .~, 25 which serve as formwor}c. Once t~le b~ ng materlal h~s hard~ned completely, th~ pr~ssure pads -an bg~ p~-mped enlpty from both end`~ lvagecl and used ag~in.
In a ~urth~r advantag~ous d~ral.opm~nt Or the invention, a pr~sure pad ~cc~rding to th~ ~ nventi~n c,~n 30 be us~ a~ a prot~ct.i.on against ~ tt~ed f r~gment~ in explosive~ work or in th~ dif fusing or detonating of explo~ive devices.
In the un~rqround R:ctractiorl of qold or dia-monds, explos ~ ons are of ten carried out . In ~h ~ s ca9e, a 35 plurality of bla~t holes are usually made over a c~on-siderabl~ wid~h in the. roclc to be ~xtracted and are f ired in ord~r to faci litate driving. Of course, before firin~, the miners nl~st r~tir~ to ar~ ad?qu~t~ s?~fe ~listancQ in order to a~Joid injuri.es from t~he f3Xpl05iC~n. Sinc~

~1~9~08 -- ].4 ~xplosion bar~ r~ wh.i~h ar~ ?qn~ y ~esis~t~nt urlr~er-~r~lnd ~an be tr~n.s~or~ecl ;3.n~ h~ c~ ~nly wi.th gr~at e f f or t, p re s sl~ re paA s ~cco~d i--g t o ~ !le i. n~ rl t ion o ~ f ~?r p~ticul~r adv~n~a~ in thi.~ ca~, sinc~ t~hey ~ n b~
.5 in~lAted ln a v~ry short time, ~r~ ext,r~mely ea~y to ~ransport and hanclle, and hav~ C h ~ high ~siatan~
that they car~ ually be? ~ r~p~t~d~y. In thi~ ca.se, thQ pr~ssurQ p~cls may b~ inf l~ted indivif~u~ll y ~r i n groups in th~ forrn ~E a "barrier ' i n th~ di~ct. vi~i ni ty 10 o~ th~ bl~st.ing po;.nt: ~ncl cl~mp~d at the ~ eC~ and/or ~t thf? top and ~ot~onl hy thQ in~ nal pressure. ~there~Jer cl~mping at the top ~nd b~tt-~n~ pc~si~le, ~h~ F~r~Qs~urQ
p~ds ac~ at thç s~me t.i.m~? ~s a supp~rt.in~ element.
G~.ne~a.l.ly sp~aki.n~, a~t~r the ~xplosion, e!nptyinq, 15 saLva~irlg anc~ t~ans~rrinq i~t'e pcsslble.
Furthennore, pr~sl~re pad~ ~ccoraing to t.h*
inve.nt.i~n c:~n be 119~ f~r i.nterc~ting ~xir~neLy sh~rp-~dged ~catt~rec~ n1~nt~, as c~n pos~ibly occur i d~ ~fllsing or d~t.on~t~inq ~:)f ~pl osiv~ d~vi~e~ . For this 2(1 purpose pr~ur~ p~ds are pLac~d in front of thq pe~ n tc~ be protect~:l or the ohjec~ts ~.f h~ pro~ t.~ n~ .e f ixed how~ver they ~n undsr the givan con~iti~n~ .
Fr~ments ~ca~.t~r~ .n the eXplosi~n o~ th~ q~p.l.c~si~Je d~vic~ m~ mag~ the pr~ nrf? E~d, hl~t. ~ ~n ~ netrate 25 it, so that the pr~s~ur~ pad has virtalal.ly ti)D function of easily t.ranspor~hl.e, ~ kly r~ad~r-to-us~ " sanclh~gs" .
It. qoe~3 wi~hc~u~ 5~yi.n~ that. t.h~ features ~nent1oned ab-~vs ~nc~ still to be expla1n~d below c~.n be llsed not c~nly i.n the resp~tivel~ spec~ified ~om~i n~tion 30 bt~t al90 .in other ~omb.i.nation~ or on thei r own Wi t.hout.
departing from the sc~p~ t.he p~eserlt inv~n~iOn-Furthe~r ~clv~ntz.ge~ an~l ~)C~9S.i~ e applications ofthe inventi.c~n ~m~rge f rom th~ f~ wi.n~ ~le~cripti.on of pr~3ferred ~3xemp1ary embo~iment~ with r~f~.rence t~ ~he 35 cirawinq, in which:
l?ig. 1 sho~s a view o ~ pres~s~lre F)a~l acc~ d.inc3 t~ the inv~ntion in ~ simplif i~d r~prese.nt~ti.on;
Fig. ~ shows a cross-sectLon c)f the pressl~r~ ~d ac:co~-ding ~co ~ig. I in ~n ~nlar~ed r~?~ n~.atio~l;

- 2 1 ~ 0 8 Fi.~. 3 sh~ws ~ ~Ji~W o~ ~n en~ r~gion o~ th~ c0~7erinc7 accc)~-ling to Fi.a. 2 in ~ ti~lLy sec~ ned r~p~3s~nta-not trUY tt;J ~;ca~e);
Fi~ . 4 sh~ws an ~?n~-on view o1~ ~n en~l r~g ion o~ the 5 cov~ring i.n an alternative configura~:i.nrl;
~ig. 5 show~; a longi~udinal ~ec~.;.on ~.hrc)lJqh tile ~n~l regi.on of a ch~ er ao~o~di.n~ tc Fi~. 2 in an er~ rged repr~serltat;i~n;
Fig. 6 sho~s a pal~ti.al ly ~tioned, perspectiv~ view o 10 an e~:trac~ing spa~e i~ uncler~ nd co~l ~ni ning, in which the pressure pacl acc~ d.ing to t.he 1 nvention is us~d or tempor~rily suppor~ing ~n~i pro~ping up an outbrea)c, Fig ~ 7 shows a view ~f two pip~ ends of a pipel ~ ne, whi~h in e~h case rest on a pre66ur~ p~A ac~co~di n~3- to the 15 inv~nti~n in a ~irectly simpl.ified ~resentatlon;
~ig. 8 shows a side ~iew of a coverins cf the t~Jo p~s-s~lre pads according to Fl~ . 7 in an en 1 arqed and sim-plifi~d reE)res3entation;
Fig. 9 sho~ ~ dia~ra.mmati.~ r~prPsentation of a pr~ssur~
hos~ ~ccordlng t~ th~ in~nti~n, fold~d ;nto 16 sectiorls and plac~d one n~xt to th~ oth~r. ~n~ on~ abo~e the o~her : to form four sections e~h, wi~.ho~lt the associated outer ~overing, in a ~iew ~rom th~ f r~nt an~ with the air-f~eding ~ystem i.ndicat~d, ~_ 25 Fig. 10 showg ~ gr~mm~ti.c sid~ vi~w of the pr~ssllre hos~ according t:o Fi~. 9 fr~m t.h~ left, in a reduced lQpresentation;
Fi~ 11 sho~s a possihle ~ppllcation of pre3sure pa~s ~ccording ~o the invent;.on for the quick building of ~0 dam, whioh is rep~sen~ in s~ction, ~nd Fig. 1~ ~hows a f~ther possible appl.ic~t.ion of pressure pads according to the Lnvention a~ ~ ~P.aling el~ment, h~re in the ex~mpl~ o~ ~ he d-on s~al whll~ ba~kfilling during he~ding~
3g A pre~su.re ~ad according to t~ in~n~ion is de~oted overall in Fiq. 1 by the nll~b~r 10. Tt has an Outer coveri~g l2, whi.ch is pro~uc~d f.r~m ~ flbre-reinforc~d w~ldable matert.al. ~he cov~ring 12 has a ~ub~it~ntially cyl indric:P~ ~orm and i3 clo.~ t bot~t it~

- - 214~û8 ends in ~ h (~ Q. OY a cl~lpin~ ~evice. 14, lfi th~-r~ heing Led o~t ~. one encl a f~ed d~vic ~ 18 in tl~ r~n o~ e~-d hose, which i s conn~ct ed t.~3 a ~r~ r ~? ~ .rce ( nc)t;
~hc~wn ), f ~r ~x~mpLe ~ mE~r~ Or .
S Th~ cov~ring 12 whl.ch is provid~d f (~ r ~ pport i.ng ancl ~rc~E~pir~ tlp o-l~.br~ks of the roo~ whf~n providi.nc~
shi~ld supp~rtr pre~rably h~ a 1eF1qt~Ar1 c~f 1.5 to 3 m, and ~ di ameter c.f Abc)ut U . ~ tn 1. 2 rn.
For prc~dllcinq the coverin~ 12, m~t.orlal c1. an ~ppropri.~te leng~,h i~ wound ~hree tim~s ~rcurld a rot.~t.~ rame ~nc~ qll~?nt I y weld~d al on~ th~ l~n~th with an ~verlap ab~ut 100 mn~ in leng~h. T~P wel~3ing m~y b~ carrieci ~ut as ~ ho~-~i.r w~ ?a~n 20 , ith ~ wicth of about 40 ~ whi.ch has ~ h.i.qh ~nsi.l P .st.r~ng~h- The c~ove.rinq thus proclu~e~l f~om th~s three-l~yer fabric ha~
e.Ytr~mely high t~ar re~i~t.~r1~. Tn addit~.on, ~olyeth~ r!s f ;.lm, which i5 avalla~le .in hose ~orm in a speci.al confi~uration fn7: mini.nq, is pla~ecl in ~ cc~ve~ing thus ~I o~uced .
As can he ~ ?n i!l mo~:~ d~tail from Fig. ~, in the coverin~ 12 there i~ provided a plu~ality of c:han~hers 2~ r which are part of a pr~ssure hose as desoribed in more de tai l below ~
In principle it wou].d be po~ible to d~sign the chamb~rs ~ individt1al chambers which ar~ cnmpletely separat~d ~nd i~;olat.~d f rom on~ another, so that if a single chamh~r or just e~ few c~h~mh~r~ f~L the bve~ all ~unction of ~he ~rrangement is pre~erve.d by virtue o~
redundan~y .
~n the present .~xemplary ~mhodim~nt, however, it is pref~rred for th~ purpose of partic~ rly simpl~
production and handing to deslgn the chamb6~rs 2~ as sub-chambers o~ a single pressure hose, which i~ placed in a sp~cially folded-togeth~.r ~orm into the covering~
3S Fi~. 9 and lO show in a diagrammatic repres~nta-tlon sucn a pressure hose 110 whi~h has be~n ~ep~a~edly foldad to~ether. The pres~ure hose llO has a total o~ 16 ch~ber~ 120a to l~.Oq which ar~ all in connectlon wit!-one another and are fonmed mt~rely by the foldinq of th~

~- ' i 2 1 4 9 ~3 0 8 . 17 h~ ?. The pressllro hase ll(:) r~l *..*ntLd in ~ig 1() ~l~s been o1.de~1 t~a-ther al~ rl~3 i~ erl'~t}!, t(~ b~ ~ecise 5UC~
t:h~t the Lndiv~du~l .S~C~tiOT1~ in th~ in~l~t~d ~t:at~
c~orr~.~poncl to t:h~ i nt~nded l~ngth o~ t.he ~ rin~ ~2 or 5 l~ ~ . The ~ol~i.ng is p~rrorme~ ~l tern~t~ly from lef t to right and b~ck th~ other way a~ , 50 t~lat the p~Ssure hose l lO h~s ~rt~xim~t~1y the ~orm of a olcled-toge~her h~at; n~ oil. . In Fi~ . Y, ch~rrthers whl Cil are conner ted ~o one ano~her at th~ ~X~rlt, ~S seerl hy ~.h~ vie~er a~e 10 marke~ by ~ lin~;, W~ chæ~b~or~ conne~ted t~ one another at th~ rear , as s6~t~ ~y tn~ viewe~, ~re i.nd~ ~at.ed by ~ld' ti~n~tl ~a~;h~d line~ . ~onne~:t.~ to th~ two en~Is 118 ~' an~ 11g c~f ~.ha pr~sure ho.s~ ~r~ t~,o faa~1 hoses .116, 117, whi.ch ilr~ ~onn~:~t~d hy m~an~ o; a c~nne~or 24 i n t he 15 ~orzn of a ~r-pie~ç t,c~ mmon f~2d ho~e 11~ ni.ch is led out~ r~ throllgh the cov~r1r~ o- sh~wn in Fi~ . 9 ) an~
t~rm~'.nat~d ~y a quick-~cl~ n ~otl!lec~.or 1~ 2, Th~ quick--action oonn~tox ll? s~ves ~s ~ non-retnrn valv~ ~,;h~-n the pr~Sure hose 110 ;.s ~ille~ h con~pr~ss~d al~ an~1 ~0 no co~1pLing pi~c~ in3e~eà in the ql.~i.Ck-~Ct',iOI-cc~nneccor 112. I~ s~lch ~ c~up1inc piec~ is .in~arted, .i t automatica11y 10~ s with th~ qlll ck-~tion conne.ctor 112 2nd per~nit~; both ~;.llin~ ~f th~3 pressure hose 110 by means of compr~sse~l ai.r and esrptyinq of ~.h~ pr~sur~
25 hose, i~ s~ d~sirr~d. In Fiq. ~, th~ ir~ction of the ~ir flow duri.ng ~illin~ of tho pressll:ce hQ9~ 1 l0 iS indic~t~d by th~ arrows 122, 124, 1~6.
In the arran~ement r~ eO~n~ed, the pressura hose 110 is ~illed from both ends ll8, 119, with the result 30 that the pressure hos~ 110 e~n~ t:h~ c:onn~.cted feed 1~nes 116, 117 cr~at~ a virtually r~losed overa11 syst~m whic:h p~3rmits qood pr~.s~ure equaliz~tion ~nd a p:c~ssure lo~cling frorn ~ut~id6~, ev~ll wllen the hose is completely fol~ed together. A11 in all, this a~r~ngem~nt perrnits q~ick 35 filling of ~he pr~ssure hose I lO and uniform pressu~
dist~ibution ~ven i~ there is uneven 10adin~3 of the pr~ssure pad ~rom outside.
t~s can be .~en in deta~ 1 frorn Fig. 3, the ~ov~rir~ 12 is ti~d to~;ether ~t ho~.h it~ ~nds by means of i :~ 2149908 a 5peCi21l ol~mE~ te.c}-lni.~ e. At th~ op~n ~nd, shown in Fig. 3, a f~c7 l~s~ 19 i~ d t.hrough ~ ~-I.ampin~ d~vic~, t~Cl otr~ a~ y t-~lb numL~hl- l6, into t~l~ in~erioL- :~f the covering L~ and ends in th~ d~ stributor .?4, wh.i~h i.~
5 likewise ~ n~d as a T-piec~ as al rea~y d~s~ri.h~d wi th r~f~3r~n~ o Fig. 9. Th~ ~3nd~ of th~ folded-together pr~ssur~ hos~ ar~ connect~cl t.o this distribu~o~ 24.
~ :f in th~ infl~t~d sl ~t~ n~ge o:~ ~ c~rt~in pr~gsure 10~i9 ocours at on~ of the ch~mb-?rs 22 t.hi ~ OR.'~
1~ nc~t in any WAy r~sult i.n an ~brupt escape of th~ air filling frc~m th~ pr~ssure hos~ bu~ ins~,~ad, ~y vir~uY of the fol ding o: th~ p~ssure hos~, gen~rally r~u1.t.s t~nly in a gr~dua~ es~ap~? o ~i.r, ~- t~ th~ over~ll funct'`on of the p~e~g9~ pad 10 is usually conserveci over 15 considerabl~ period of ti~ne, anA in ~ny event an a~ pt reld~e ~f ~ons idera~ ahlollnts o~ ~mE~r~s3~d air, and consQqu~ntly a haz~rcl to n~ , is ruled out.
Furthermore, th~ mechar:i.c~l ~tah3.1ity cf the coverin~ 12 hy v.ir~u~ cf th~ pr~v~ ousl y desc.ribed 4 -layer construction and ths special w~lding 2t) .i n the longitudinal c~ r~c~ n, whi~:h r~ lts .in ~am relier, is so gr~at th2t burstin~ o~ th3 COVerirlq 1:2 lS ruled )"t ev~n in th~ e~ent of a virtllally .i!npoqsih~ abrupt e~p~
o~ cons.i.rl~ahl ~ m~l~nt~; Ol~ ~ompre~sed air ~r~m ~ 25 ~ mbers 22.
- Accorc~ing to Fig. :~, the encl 15 o~ ~h~ co~erinq 12 is led throu~h a supportirlg ring 28 ancl th~n taken ba~k from out6;~de over thF~ suppor~ir1g r:in~ 2~ and fina.~ly fast~ne~d by clamping on the f~e~l hos~ ~ ~ hy means of tha clamping d~-~icq 16. The ~ mping cl~3v.i.~e 16 has ~ ~impLe ~hac:kle ~6 of a known ~yp~?, by which th~ tak~n-bac}; end lS of th~? aove~ri.ng 1~ i!; secured, ~;o thatJ c~on~quent1y a ~ecure clo~3ure of th~ ove~i.n~ ain~cl at ~.tr. ~?nd, the rin~ 2~ ruling ~ut s:l.l pping out C~ ~h~ clamp faste-ning ancl a secure incorporat;.on o~ th~ sed line lg being ensured at th~ sa~ne ti.nl~.
An alt~rnative ter~ni.nation c~f t.h~ coverirl~ L~ at both its ends i9 rep~es~nt~d in Fig. 4 . In th; ~ ca~, the cov~in~ 12 ~ i~; tuck~d inw~rds at b~th it;-, end~ . ar.d ` i`- 214!~08 ete~ wi.th m~t,.t~ el~t.~ ~7 . ~t\t t.*~ introd~lcil~c~ the prf~ss~lrt~ hose a~cordin~ to ~i.t3~ . 9 arl~1 1(), a th Lrl wir~
~ope 2g is pass~ hrouqh th~ ?y~lt~ ?7 in t.he w.~y reE~resent.~d in Fi g . 4, th~ co~-ç:~i.ng 1~ ' i .s ~r~n t~q~eth~r S and ~t th~ po.int~ is furth~r wo~lnc~ ~ro~1ncl r~peat~dly with the xemain; ng wi~e rope encl~ ~ nn~ ~ihc~wn), heore the t~ire roE~es ~9 are ~c~llr~C~ with the ?i.C3 of t.~,Jo rope t~ np~
~h ( o~ which only on~ is indica ted :i.r Fi~ . 4 by t~le num~r ~1 ) . Irl t~ a~e, at one ~ t~ tl~t? ~ornmon f eed ~lose 13 for the ~ir ~upply protrtlf~e~ Itr~f~ln t.he clos~.fl oute~
c~fJv~rinq 12 ' ( Likewist~ n~t ~hown in E ~ g. 4 ) .
0~ ~la jc~r æi.~nif.ic~ncf~ for tht~ f~ c~ti~n~ c~p,~bi-~~ lity of the ~tlpp~rtin~ df-.~v~ th~. cf~rlf igu~tion of t~te pre~stlre ho~e~; And the ~d lines r~r~vi-i~?e on tner~ or supplyinq th~m with pr~!~SU.r~3~
~ri-e press~r* ho9e~; ar~ proclnc~c~ a~ ~e~ les~ hosea from a f.iLm of po~y~thylene ~ereE~hthala~.e with a ~
thickness c~f abo~lt 3~; mi~rometres. ~ h hose~ ~re corruner-ci~.ly 2val1ahle.
Th~ part~ ou].~r advAntage of llsing polyethylene terephthalat~ i~ it~ h.igh ten~ile strengt-.h and the ~ir~
tua1ly lin~ar lin~ t~ t.h~ ~tress-strain diagram.
In order t.o mak~ ¢io wi.th a~ ~ew ~ld~ as Elos~ib1~
c~f a pr~s~lre hose wj.thi n ths covering 12 o~ 12 ', a pr~?~sur~ ho~ with ~ di~me~.e~ o~ aho~t 165 tnm is pro-vi:led, which COhsi~t5; 0~ two fi~.~ ho~s of polyethyl ~ne t~rephth~.late, one dr~wn ove~ th~. other.
The two-layer construction of ~he pressure hose on the one hand l~educ~s the probability of d~.ma~e to the innel film 12yer ~by tiny fore1gn bod.ies within the outer c~vering, and on the othe~ hand any l.e~.k~ in on~ of the two fil~ns (which are o~casi.c)nally, thou~h very rar~ly, possible ~ue to materi~.1 de~ects) c<qnnot adv~3rsaly affect the functional cap~bill~.y c)f t.he pressure pad by virtue of the ot~her film lay~?r, whic:h is of co~rse likewise ~ir~igh~A.ly clos~.
With such dimen~ionin~, the t~o-l~yer pressure hos~ is designef~ for ~ nomin~l operating pressur~ of about 0 . 5 bar ~nd can be loadsd u~ t~ a ~ur~;tin~ l.imit of 214~08 a ~ . 2 ~ r .
In thi~ way, ~ pr~?~sllr.~ p~cl wi.~.h ~ E)porting force o~ ab~ t ~5 t p~r ~ re rnr~tr~ un~3r nom.irla1 pres~ure or of ~b~ut 10 t per .ciqua~e metr~ under ~na-~imll~n 5 pres~ure c~an he c?~eat~d. In l~hi5 cas~, th~ cove~.ina in the infl~ted ~onn nl~y h~ , for exampl~, ~ leng~h of about 1~0 cm and a tii.ametPr o~ a3~ t 8n cm. Such pressur~ p~ an b~ ~7~ ti t.l..7gel;her t-.~ ~IhOIIt:
6n x 50 x ,70 c~m and h~ 2L we~ ~ht o~ on.ly ~7~lt The manner ln whi~h til~3 ~rL'~ * hc~ 3 i S tied c7~r at i.ts t.wo enc~ n~ i9 E7ro~ Wit}l ~ 1 l ines ~an be se~n from t~he lc7n~i tlldi.ll~]. ~t3r~ t.ion a~ Ordi.Jl., to Fl g. 5 .
A ho~ 44, which ~s pl:-O~Ji~:3ed a feec~ ~lOS Or ~onnt~c~,i.ng to t~he di.~st;ri~ tt r ~4, c:on~q;.~t..~; t~ ~ pv(~ ho~*
of ~n anti-~t~ti, f3l~mt~-r~t~rtiar.t con~iqllr~ti~n wlth ~n ins.it~2 tiiame~er o~ ahout. ~i mm ~n~i ~ w~11 t.~ kn~ss of abt.~ 3 mm~ This P~tc ho-cte 44 h?.-S i!l i.t.s cent:r~ 1 r~t~ n ~
be~d-shaped kll1ge 54, which ~as produc~d by he~ti.rLg ~nd push.i.ng tot3t~ther tht? ho~;~. 'rht~ *~s~lre ht.~e t~r~d 4() of th~2 pressure ho~ 110 i- pa~sçd t:?~e.r the PVC ho e 4~ ~nd over th~ b~llat3 5~ ~nt3 ~;~cllret-2 on ~t~th ~; i c3f~s t~ f ~h~ ~ulg~
54 by in t?ach cas~ a c~l~le ti~ 4~S, 5(~. A furt.her t.-~)le tit3 ~2 c~n th~ side :~f thP blllg~ 54 f~t~ir~ wc~, fT:t~ t.ht~
pres~ur~ hose. 1.1() ~:t~.rvtas as ~n ~dd.;tit~nal s rinq m~ns, 25 which s3n~;~2reS, in .qd~21t~;.on to thce t~.wt~ t.~t~her, ~.~,cler: c~
ties 48, 50, fur~her certainty o~ th~ ti.qhtnes~ o~ the tyin~ oPf.
In the region of the ~b.l.~ ties ~ U, 5~ a ~ealing layer 46 of silicone is applied to th~ PVC hose 44 in ~r~er ~o .en~ur~ ~tisfa~t.ory ~ling of the polyethylen~ ter~ph~h~late filrn o~ the PV(' h~s~ 4 4 .
Furthermor~, be~w~n th~ ~nds 40 ~ t~e pressll~a hose 110 and the bul~e 54 thers i.~ w~und llp a triple layer of widq .~n~ulat~n~ tap~ 41, which rea~h~s right up to the bulge 54. Durlng inf3.ati.ng of the pressur~ hose 110 this layçr 41 roll~ t~ether in the manner of a rin~
~n~ on ~hs one hand prevents dir~ct cont.act ~et~e~~ th~
cable ti~ 48 and th~ ~llm of th~ pres~ure hose llO ~nd Cll the other hand reduce~; the o~tw~xdly actin~ pulLing 2149~08 force6 c~s~ cable ~.le 4~ and cons~ ntly ~dc~itior~ally s~cu~ it, so t~hat t~ inq OFJ~n ~r bursting of the ca~l~
t:if~ 48 L~ pL'~3V~nt.~d -The t.ying~ f t~hni~lu~ dr~scrihed above ~or th~
5 ~nc~ 40 of th~ p~e~ure hos~ ll.û i~ u~e~ mere.ly in the s~ of t.h~ i nner L~y~r ~i~ th~ pr~;u~e hose 110. t~n the oth~r har~d, ~or ~he outer lr~yer o ~}le pressu~e hose 11() it is su~f ici.ent to ill i.t with a corr~ponding amount of si].icc~ne ~t^ th~ point. ~f the hlllg~ E4 and set a cable 10 ti~ betwee!l th~ ~able tie 4~ ~nd th~ bulge 5 ~ and aLso b~?t~e~n the ca~le tie~ ~0 and 52 (llOt shc~wn in Fi~. 5 ) .
An ~irtight. termination i~ Rn~ured in this way and no ~~ appl~ciahl~ pulling fo~c:~s on the out~r l~yer o~ tne pre~su~e hos~ are to be e~Ypec+.;ed ~t this poin.t.
15In th~ prod~ct1on of the prQssur~q pad d~cri~ d in d~tail abo~,-e, th~ foLlowirlg pr~c~flur~ ;s adopte~:
E~irst of all, th~ ~ltoget.her 4-l~y~r covering 1;~
or 12~ is woun<~ in t.he w2y ex~l~ine~ ~bove and th~ ~nds ar~ s~?cur~d, p~f~r~bly in l.h~ wa~,r descri~d in Fig. 4 by 20 Ineans o~ wlre rop~?~ 29.
Subs?~u ntly, t~e p~f~ric~t~d 2-~ ~y~r pressure hose 110 i.9 p~o~.i.d~d at. both .it~ ends with f~d hose~
116, 117 i.n the wcly d~scrib~d ~:I'DOV~! ana is thRn ~olded to~ethèr alon~ its length a~ exE~l~in~:d with refer~nce to 25 Figs . ~ ~nd 10, e~nd ~ix~sd l n this ~o~n wi~'h Teflon sealing tape and int~odu~cl Lnt.o th~ op~n ou~er coverin~
12'~ Su~h a folcling togQther of the pressure hose in a way dependen~ on the di~rnet~r o~ th~ cov~ring 12' anc1 th~
diame~3r of th~ ~pre~ssure hoRe l l~ us~d is required in 30 order ~o ~chiev~ the req~irsd, roll-s~apecl design of the coverin~ l~ or l2 ~ in the .i.n~lat~d st~t~. However, lt is adequ~e ~o f ix th~ inc~iviclua~ chan~hers 120a to l~Oq in thi~ po3it.i.0n only un~.il th~ arrang~?mQnt ls inf l~t~d for the first. t.im~, because ~xperience has shown that the 35 individual chambers ~hen r~tai.n the di~tribution they h;lve once a~sumed. Of collrse~ th~ chambers 120a to 120q may also be fixed t~ one anoth~r i n a cli~ferent way. ~rhe us~3 of T~lon se~ing t~p~ fo~ in~ L f~xin~ tlas, howevf-r, 3.d~ nt~ s on accc~unt of it9 p~rticu ~r ` 214~`308 so~tnes~, whereby dam2~ ~o the pre~ure h~e by th~ tape itself o~ by fragma~ts r~mainin~ after filli~g for th~
~irst ti~e is ruled out. The lcw tearin~ re~lstance of the se~ling tape is also on th~ one hand compl~tely sufficient for fixing the chambers ~efore filling for the first ~im~ and rules ou~ any hinderance ~o the e~pansion of ~h~ ch~mbers d~ring filllng.
Af~er pla~ing the ~olded-together film hos~ into the prepa~ed coverin~ 12 or 12~ ~nd after closure of the coverin~ at ~oth its ends, the pressure pad can be fille~
and inflated ~y ~ans or the co~,on fee~ hose 19.
~h~ conne~tlon of the preScure pad to an existing ~~ air ~ource takes place ~y mea~s of a correspcnding adaptor, to wh~ch ~he q~i~k-act~on coupling 11~ can be coupled. Thi~ a~aptor ( no~ shown ln the ~rawin~s) i~ made up of th~ee components. The input part s~es for connection cf the adapto~ to ~he ~ompr2sset-air sup?ly ~ys~m ~sPd by the u er and may be design~d app~opr1ately for the resulting re~uiremen~s (different sizes and shapes of th~ connections)~ As the R~cond componen~, in ~h~ adap~or there is in~grated a distributor, which is designe~ as a short piece of pipe whieh can directly adjoin the input part and is pr~vi~ed with one o~ more couplin~ par~s, ~o whlch the ~ulck-ac~ion couplin~s 112 25 o~ ferent p~e~ure pa~s can be coupled, ~o that a ~ plurality o~ p~essure pads can be fed simultaneously from one comp~essed-air ~ource. As the third component, the a~pt~ ntains a pres~ure-relief valve which responds upon reachinq the nominal pres~ure of the pressure hoses 3~ u5e~, that is to say in ~he pres~nt case at a~out 0.5 bar. ~he pressure-relief valv~ may be coupled ~ a pressure-reducin~ v~lve, which ~educes the pressu prevailing in the dis~ributo~ to th~ desired pressure.
~ig. 6 ~hen shows a working excava~ion, customary in underground coal ~ining. For suppoxtlng the roof 68 and for propping up the working excavation there ser~e--a hydra~ pporting frame ~3, whi~h c~n ~-hydra~
cally p~essed a~ainst the roo~ 6a from below, in order to support the rock against ~he pressu~e actin~ in th~

- 2;~ ~ 2149~08 directi.on of the ~rL~ow ~1 by m~ans o~ a ~an~py ~1 wl~ic~
can b~? swiv~ eti ~n t}le dir~ .lol~ ~,f l-.h~ c~ ~ 65. Fc~-tr~nsporting ~way th~ cc~l wl~ h i ~ wl-~rl wh~n ~orking a c:o~l 5~ 1 fi7 ~nd f~r ~.r~n~port:in~ aw2~ th~ r~malrlln~
5 exc~v~ n th~re se~ves a c(nv~?yor b~?Lt ~9. Durinc~ hea-dlnq, outbreaks fi6 m~y o~ur ill the ~ yet llnsecure~ r~o~
68 and ~re -I;emr~o?~rily su~p~ ted with th~ aid o~ th~
pr~eS~re pac~.
In t~e c~nventi.c)n~l way, .~n~h ~ut.hr~aks 6~ W3ro 10 previ~usly usu~lly propped up wi~n the ai.d o~ wood, wh~ch meant ~p~nding c~or~ er2~le tlme, from se~ r~l hou~s ~lp to ~bout a ~7ee};, and in p;~ ul ~r r esult3d irl ~n increas~ k of accldf~nt~ wh~n ~.,or!~.i.n ul~derneat~ the urnC;ecurecl r~of-lS Accordir-~ to tlle inv~lr. i o~ eorre~pondinsly prepared pre~u~o p~d ~() of the ~onstr~ io.n desc~ i bed ahove, ~c. whlich co~npres3ed ~ir ~an ~ mitted via a single. ~ommc~n ~d hose, ls n~ .rnE~I.y pushed into the outhre~k 66 by means o~ ~ pc~1 or the li!ce . Dep~ncl' ng on 20 th~ si2~ of the ou~break, .i t rn~.y ~ Pxp~d1e.-~t to use a plurality o~ pr~9sur~ p~l.s hn~
~ u}:~quently, t~he oanopy 66 is mov~ gain i ntO
an approximat~ly horizont~1. pos' tion and comp~assed air~
is adrn.~tted to the pr~ssure hoses ~f the F~r~.ssure pads 25 - ~0, whi~h may t~k~ place via t he p~ riou~sly mentione~
~dapt~r wi.th the ~id of oompr~s~s~d-air bottles, or via a compressed-air sy~ste~m lald under the ~round.
In thi.~ way, a reli~ble t-~mporary support of the ~utbreaX c~n be ach~ e~red within a short time, so that extrac:~ion çan be continu~d~ ~
In Figs. 7 ~nd 8, a fllrther po~s1ble applic~tion of the inv0ntion is r~pres~nted. Two pipe ends of a pip~l~ne, which are indicat~ by the numbers ~4 and 76, ~ust be precisely aligned with ea~h other bofore their 3i wel~ing. ~o~ this p~rpose, e~ch pipe end 74, 7~ rests on a pr~ss~r~ pad 70 according to the invention, which i~
supplied ~ith comp~ess~.d-alr by m~ans of a compreisor ~2.
~he ~ertical po~iti~n of th~ tw~ pipe ends 74, 7~ can ~hon b~ changed in the dire~:t..ion of the arrow 78 b~, me~ns of E~r~sur~-cont~ol v~lv~; ( rlo~ shown in any mo~ d~?t~
in or~r to aligll the. pipe ~nds 1~, 7~ .l n l.i.n~ wi~h ~ach other .
; Lll thi~ case exp~ ient to prc~vide on the 5 outer ~overlng, as reE~ s~nt.ed in ~i~. 8, a concavely warclly c~urv~?~ rest 80, whlch i~ ~laE)t.ed to the pipe f or.m .
Fur~he2: pos~;.i.b] ~ appli~ation~ the pressllre p~ds a~cordin~ to tll,o ln~ent~.i.on ~s s~al ing elem~r~t~ a.re 1~ repre~Rn'c~.~ in ~igs. 1~. ~n~
Fig. 1. l shows th~ l~se of pres~ure p~; for th~
qui~k buil.cling o~ a dam for ~l.osing tunn~ls, galleri~s ~~ an~ ~he like, ~or ~xampl~ i.n under~rounc3 minin~ for redirecting ~he venti.l~ting curr~nt, for inst~llce in the 15 cas~ of a fir~, the d~lopment t~i~ q~ et.e. ~n this case, pres.sur~ pad;, of ~n ~ r~pri~ size are pl~ced i~n th~
tunnel or gallery ~on~erne~ ~nd i.~fl~ted, if apDropria~.~
using ~lditional s~alin~ materia1, ~eh ~s ~or instance ~lass wool. Th~ pr~ssure pad~ int~rle~ due to their in~ernal pr~s~ure and bl~e~ th~ ~.nnne.l. o~ g~1!ery. Irl F;g. ll, ~ ch a tunnel i.~ r~r~nt~ di~t-~mm~tically in a h~rizontal sectlon And i~ ~enn~.~d ~v~r~ll by the num~r 130.
Th~ dam con~ists in princi~l a 0~ buildin~
~_ 25 mat~rial 13~, which i~ held between t~o formwork ~rr~ngements, which are indica~e~ hy ~.he nllmhers 135 and 137. ~hrou~h ~h~ middle of the d~m there ~ln5 .in the ax~al d1rection a so-called dam plpe 134, for example to permit an inspection of the d~m or of the space b~hind i~
by a ~in~r. The ~two ~ormwork arr2n~m~nt~ l35, 137 COmprise a plurality of pressll~e ~ad~, ~hi~h are in~i-cat~d b~ the nu~e~ 133 an~ ar~ arranged in such a way that each formwork 135, 1~7 ~ully clos~s ~he cross-~e~t~on of ~he tunn~1 130, w~th just th~ dam pipe 134 encl~s~d in 2 s~aling ~anner in the mi.~dle. In order to improve the seal.ing be~ween th~ individual pre~sure pad~
133, sealing mat~rial 138, su~h ~s for instance ~lass wool, ~ilane or th~ like, may also bQ add~tionally used as indicated in Fig. 11. B~ilding materia] 136, fo~

``-``- 2149908 ;2 5 ~xamp1~ concr~t~ ; tnt~oduc~d b~' w~e~ the two ~>~ ork arrarlyement3 13~i, 137, sp~c~ dt?~ t~ly ~F~i~ t fr~m ~ch o th~:~
After hardening of the c~n(:ret.~, t~h~ p~s ,ur~
pads 13.~ ~f theo. tw~ formwo~k arrang~ en~s 13~ 7 C~ll hQ
pu~nE~ed enlpt;y, salv~q~ nd ~tlbseq~ nt:ly re-n.socl. It gc~es t~ithc7llt sayi.n~ th~t th~ dam pipe 1.~4 ;.~ S~. option~l ~n:}
that the amount, ~3iz~ and f~n~ o~ th~ ind~ vidual prefi~tlre pads 133 c~n he acl~pt~d to th~ p~3~tivo l~cal cor.di.-.1 0 tiC~I~s .
~n Fig. 1~ t.hA appl~ ticln c~ ~h~ rt?~ure pad accc~rcl- nq tt~ the inventiorl ~s ~ ~le~ n seal i.!~
~~ back~illin~ durin~ h~a~ling i~ di.~gr~mmatically repre-~.;erl~ed .
l5A gall~ry 140, whi~h .is b~i.ng d~iv~n through .rock 142, h~ a c~ros~i-se~tion.~lly app-oximately ~em1-circular cavity~ Thi~ ca~ity must be secursd t.~wards che insi~e of tho gall~ry 14~ by corresponding formwo~k t44, which runs su~s~ntially parallel ~o ~.he inn~r face c~ the cavity, ~0 thAt i~ to s~y approx;matoly ~mi-ci~cul~rly. ~tw~n the qulc~ly introduc~d formwor~ 144, whi~h m~y compri~ ~o~
instance correspondin~ly shap~d ~ta~ trut~, and tho roc~ 142, th~ r~maining c~vi~.y 146 ~ t be filled 2S
qt~ kly as pos~bl~ ln o~der to avoid ~s far ~s pos3ible_ ~5 qi.~i.n~ way o~ ~he ro~k 142 owlng to the pressu~ of the æaid rock. For this pur~e, a pLI~rality of pressure p2ds 147 ar~ in~rod~l~ed ~atwe~n the formwork 144 ~n~ the rock 142 ln o~dQr ~ se~l the cavity 146 behind ~o the front towards the end face~ The pressure p~ds l46, which ~xpediently hav~.correspo~ingly elongat~d for~, c~me ~o bear during inflati.en in a ~e~li.ng mann~r hetwee!l the rock 142 an~ th~ ~rmwork 144, so that s~bse~uently a building material which i.~ llquid in the initial c~ag~
such as ~oncret~ for ~xample, c~n b~ intro~uced into th~
3S cavity 14~ located behln~ b~twaen th~ formwork 144 and the rock 142 ~ia ~ corr~sponding h~e or pi.pe ~onnection~
Afte~ hardening of th~ building m~teria~, the pressur~ pad~ 147 can be pumped ~mpty, salv~ed and use~
again.

Claims

1. Pressure pad having an at least partially flexible covering (12, 12'), within which a plurality of chambers (22, 120a -120q) are provided, having a device (18, 24, 72, 112, 114, 116, 118) for feeding a fluid into the interior of the chambers (22, 120a - 120q) under pressure to support the covering (12, 12') against pressure loading from outside.

2. Pressure pad according to claim 1, having at least one pressure hose (110) which is subdivided into a plurality of sections, by which at least some of the chambers (120a - 120q) are formed.

3. Pressure pad according to claim 2 in which the pressure hose (110) is repeatedly folded together.

4. Pressure pad according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which the device (72) comprises a control device for pressure regulation of the fluid.

5. Pressure pad according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which the chambers (22, 120a - 120q) consist of a high-strength material, in particular of polyethylene tereph-thalate.

6. Pressure pad according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which the pressure hose (110) is designed as a two-layer of multi-layer pressure hose.

7. Pressure pad according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which the covering (12, 12') comprises a fabric-reinforced material.

8. Pressure pad according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which the covering (12, 12') consists of a weldable material which, by a welding (20) overlapping in the circumferen-tial direction, is joined to produce a substantially cylindrical form.

9. Pressure pad according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which the covering (12, 12') can be tied off at the ends and has at at least one end a common feed hose (19, 114) led through into the interior of the covering (12, 12').

10. Pressure pad according to claim 9, in which clamping devices (14, 16) for tying off the ends are provided at the ends of the covering (12).

11. Pressure pad according to claim 9, in which fastening means, on which a securing element running substantially in the circumferential direction can be fastened, are provided at the ends of the covering (12').

12. Pressure pad according to claim 11, in which the covering (12') is tucked inwards at its ends and is provided with eyelets (27), through which a pull rope (29) is passed, the two ends of which are fastened to each other by at least one rope clamp (31).

13. Pressure pad according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which the at least one pressure hose (110) has at both ends (118, 119) a feed hose (16, 117) for feeding in a fluid under pressure.

14. Pressure pad according to claim 13, in which the feed hoses (116, 117) are connected by means of a distributor (24) within the covering (12, 12') to the common feed hose (19, 114) which is led to the outside through the covering (12, 12').

15. Pressure pad according to claim 14, in which the common pressure hose (19, 114) is closed off outside the covering (12, 12'), by a pneumatic quick-action coupling (112), which can be coupled to a corresponding coupling element of a pneumatic line.

16. Pressure pad according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which the ends (15) of the covering (12) are led in each case through a ring (28), are taken back over the ring (28) from outside and are secured by means of a clamping device (16).

17. Pressure pad according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which the at least one pressure hose (110) is passed at at least one end (40) over a hose (44) with a bulge (54) and is secured against the bulge (54) by means of at least one cable tie (48, 50, 52).

18. Pressure pad according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which the at least one pressure hose (110) is sealed off at at least one end (40) by a sealing compound (46), in particular by a silicone sealing compound.

19. Pressure pad according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which a piece of hose or a winding (41) of insulating tape is fitted onto the end (40) of the pressure hose (110) between the pressure hose (110) and the bulge (54).

20. Pressure pad according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which the chambers (22, 120a - 120q) are coupled to at least one pressure-relief valve.

21. Use of a pressure pad according to one or more of the preceding claims for filling an outbreak (66) of the roof (58) underground.

22. Use of a pressure pad (70) according to one or more of claims 1 to 20 as a lifting means for raising and/or aligning parts (74, 76).

23. Use of a pressure pad according to one or more of claims 1 to 20 for temporarily supporting rock during the supporting of a gallery.

24. Use of a pressure pad according to one or more of claims 1 to 20 as a sealing element, in particular when filling up cavities (146, 150) with building materials (136) which are liquid in the initial stage as a head-on seal for sealing the cavity (146) in order to permit backfilling with the building material (136), or for sealing tunnels (130) or galleries.

25. Use of a pressure pad according to one or more of claims 1 to 20 as a protection against scattered fragments during blasting work or in the diffusing or detonating of explosive material.