CA2147666A1 - Rock pulverizer system - Google Patents
Rock pulverizer systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA2147666A1 CA2147666A1 CA002147666A CA2147666A CA2147666A1 CA 2147666 A1 CA2147666 A1 CA 2147666A1 CA 002147666 A CA002147666 A CA 002147666A CA 2147666 A CA2147666 A CA 2147666A CA 2147666 A1 CA2147666 A1 CA 2147666A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- impacting
- rock
- cone shaped
- tips
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBOUIAKEJMZPQG-AWNIVKPZSA-N (1E)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1/C(C(O)C(C)(C)C)=C/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl FBOUIAKEJMZPQG-AWNIVKPZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
- B02C13/18—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
Abstract
A centrifugal rock pulverizing machine with rigid arms is proposed where the principle of self/autogenous airborne impacting is used together with the high speed shock sonic cracking impact effect; the cracks generated by the high speed impact rigid arms are self propagated through the rock to be pulverized with a speed close to the speed of sound in the rock; at the same time the airflow inside the machine is patterned in such a way that to maximize the airborne self-impacting autogenous cracking/grinding effect; an optimum airborne and sonic crack propagation spectra was determined determining in turn the optimum rpm of the centrifugal rotor of the machine as well as a proper configuration of the reaction and wear surfaces; applying the said configuration and the sonic crack generation/propagation and the airborne self impacting/autogenous pulverizing pattern it is possible to achieve sizes from 0 to 100 microns eliminating substantial or all stages of comminution immediately after the first crushing stage in ore processing in mining industry and reducing considerably the power consumption, making possible, for example in the gold ore processing industry, to eliminate all stages after the primary jaw or gyratory crusher delivering the pulverized rock directly to the cyanide process, by this reducing substantially the pulverizing cost and power consumption for such operations.
Description
I
ROCK PULVERIZING SYSTEM
BACKGROUND OF Tl~E IN~E:NTION
1. FIELD OF TEIE IN V~N llON
This invention relates to the rock crushersl~ and more -r ~ 1 5 to the c~..tl ;rb~j,d~ . g machines class. The invention relates also to i~L I 1 ~ machineswith rigid arms.
ROCK PULVERIZING SYSTEM
BACKGROUND OF Tl~E IN~E:NTION
1. FIELD OF TEIE IN V~N llON
This invention relates to the rock crushersl~ and more -r ~ 1 5 to the c~..tl ;rb~j,d~ . g machines class. The invention relates also to i~L I 1 ~ machineswith rigid arms.
2. BACKGROUND DATA/ STATE OF TEIE ART
There are known in the art ' ;rh~;, I machines with rigid arms used for rock. A problem which was not solved by these machines was that they 10 were limited to small flow rates and they were based mainly on attrition and grinding, using in very small degree the impaction for r ~ - g Also the inside of these machines tried to eliminate as much as possible the air agitation inside. Because of this the present state of the art machines eYperience severe wear and are limited to small flow rates.
The mining industry reqnired for a couple of decades a system to be able to pulverize the ore down to 200-300 mesh directly after the first stage of crushing-usually after the jaw or gyratory crushers. This would make it possible to go directly after the primary crusher to the cyanide process in the case of gold ore 21~7~66 .
The main machine used for ~ .. O in the mining industry is the ball mill. This machine has some ~ ' O is ~ ' " g the material, is ~sing large amount of power(because the process is slow), is large, has low . . ~I . ;I.y, 5 and has extreme high costs associated with its ' SUMI\IARY OF T~E INVENTION
The above l~..lv ' O were eliminated by the rock pulverizer system proposed in the present invention by the fact that is made of:
-a vertical rigid shaft having an upper part and a lower part;
10 -whereby at the upper and lower part of the rigid shaft having bearings as follows:
at the upper part an upper bearing and at the lower part a lower bearing -whereby the bearings permit rotation of the vertical shaft around its a~is of symmetry;
-a rigid r~ct- nO ' frame with an upper part and an lower part;
15 -whereby the said bearings are placed/fixed ~ on the upper and the lower parts of the rigid ~ ' frame;
-a circular plate or circular shield rigidly attached by adjusting means to the vertical shaft in such a way that the vertical shaft is F~ - ' OQ the surface of the circular shield and the a~is of symmetry of the vertical shaft is passing through 20 the centre of gravity of the circular shield; the circular shield is attached by the said a~justing means in such a way that it is possible to adjust the position of the circular shield along the shaft upper or lower;
214~6~
-whereby the circular adjustable shield is placed on the vertical shaft under the upper bearing;
-whereby ~ after the circular adjustable shield or circular plate, there is attached to the vertical shaft, by adjusting means a rigid rotor assembly, this 5 rotor assembly having rigid arms, rigidly attached to the rotor, this rigid rotor being called the first shock impacting rotor;
-whereby i ' ~ after the first shock impacting rotor there is attached to the vertical shaft by adjusting means, a ' ,. rigid rotor assembly, this rotor assembly having rigid arms, rigidly attached to the rotor, this rotor being called 10 the main shock impacting rotor or the second rotor;
-whereby ~di~ply after the main shock impacting rotor there is attached to the vertical shaft by adjusting means, a rigid rotor assembly, this rotor assembly havin~ rigid arms rigidly attached to the rotor, this rotor being called the last shock nmpacting rotor;
15 -whereby after the last shock impacting rotor there is the said lower bearing;
-the rock r ~ - - g system g in ~
-a cylindrical drum having a diameter of 80-100 inch placed inside the rigid frame so that their a~es of symmetry: ' t, the cylindrical drum having an upper part and a lower part;
20 -whereby the vertical rigid shaft is placed with its a~is in the centre of the said frame and drum;
-whereby the position of each rigid rotor being adjustable along the vertical shaft 21~7~6B
by the said ~d; l J~ O means;
-a bell like cover covering the lower bearing placed on the lower part of the rigid I I O ' frame;
-a disk like dust protection object fixed on the vertical sha~t i ' ~ above 5 the lower bearing and above the bell like cover -when the shaft rotates, the disk like dust protection object ~ rirbo.ll~.. away any dust close to the lower bearing;
-also placed on the lower part there is a wedge like dust deflector attached rigidly to the bell like cover and to the rigid ..,. O ' frame assembly;
-whereby the .J'' ` h,~l drum having at the upper part a cover, with a circular 10 opening through which the vertical shaft is passing, also the cylindrical drum having a rc~ O ' opening called the inlet opening;
-a cone shaped chute placed inside and at the upper part a of the drum with the large diameter placed on the cover and the lower diameter being oriented IW.~ 17~, that is the cone shaped chute is oriented with the virtual tip of the 15 cone d(..1.~..ld~"sothatthe inclined surface ofthe coneshapedchuteismaking an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical wall of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the diameter of the rigid circular plate is equal or slightly larger than the small diameter of the cone shaped chute;
-whereby the rigid circularplate is placed ata certain distance from the cone 0 shaped chute this distance being bigger than the ma~imum size of the rock to be d, -in: ' , the rock r ~ - O system ~ 6 to 8 vertical 2I47~6~
elements -these elements being in form of angle irons placed with the corner to the inside of the cylindrical drum and with the wings on the inner vertical surface of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the inner surface of the cylindrical drum and the deflecting impacting 5 elements being plated with r. r ~ shock and abrasive resistant wear plates;
-whereby the tips of the arms of the second rotor being distanced from the corner of the d " ~ r , - V elements, with at least 1 inch;
-also the rock l;- '- ~. O system ~ another cone shaped nnetal sheet directing element similar with the cone shaped chute, having the same larger 10 diameter, having also an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical, placed in a similar way with the cone shaped chute but having the inner diameter larger, the height of this cone shaped directing element being equal with the height of the angle deflecting / . ~ v' elements measured on the radius of the cylindrical drunn;
-wherebythe loweredge ofthetips ofthesecondrotor being 114"higherthan 15 the inner edge ~ - 2 with the snnaller diameter of the directing cone shapedi element;
-wherebythe vertical angle~ elements being .~
' ' in the areas where the tips of the first impacting rotor are, so that the said tips are passing through the space of d ~ elements, the 20 said tips being distanced within an inch from the inner snrface of the cylindrical drum, and one inch from the deflecthlg /impacting elements, that is7 these tips have in the moment when they pass through the cut trough the deflecting innpacting 21g766~
elemcnts a distance of one inch to the in~mediate - , ,. ' ~ objects(the drum, etc);
-also the rock ~ system another cone shaped metal sheet directing element similar with the cone shaped chute, having the same larger 5 diameter, having also an angle of degrees with the vertical, placed in a similar way with the cone shaped chute but having the inner diameter larger, the height of this cone shaped directing element being eqnal with the height of the angle deflecthlg /impacting elements measured on the radins of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the lower edge of the tips of the last rotor being with 1/4" higher than 10 the inner edge .ni, . .~ with the smaller diameter of the directing element;
-whereby the tips of the arms of the last rotor being distanced from the corner of the ' "- ~,/ , g elements with at least one inch;
-whereby " '~ under the cylindrical drum there is an open receiving space or plenum chamber ending directly on a belt conveyor, so that the pulverr~ed 15 material is totally contained when it is getting out of the machine;
-also at the upper part of the vertical shaft being a belt pulley;
-an electric motor with belt pulley;
-belts;
-whereby the electric motor is driving the belts and the pulley, t~e shaft;
20 -an enclosed conveyor with an enclosed hood connected to the inlet opening;
-whereby the arms of the rotors are plated with r~, ' ' ~ , ' / ' ~;, resistant plates facing the direction of .~ ~;
2147~66 -whereby the arms of the rotors have a portion of them machined on both sides with inclined walls with angles of S degrees from vertical;
-whereby the rotors having recesses with inclined walls at 5 degrees from vertical;
-whereby the arms of the rotors are fi~ed to the rotors with screws ,the arms beiLtg 5 placed in the milled recesses with inclined walls;
-an enclosed bottom hood, sealing the dust against the belt conveyor, with rubber lips and rubber flaps so that the dust is unable to get out from the pulverizer space;
The way the rock ~ O system is working is as follows:
10 The enclosed conveyor is bringing the material to be pulverr~ed or the rock to the inlet opening; the rock is entering in the drum via the inlet opening ;the electric motor and pulley drive the shaft at 1000-llO0 rpm via the pulley at the upper part of the ~ertical shaft O 3 tip speeds of the rotors no more than 100 m/s; the rock is falling on the cone shaped chute; the rock is falling ml the circular plate 15 ,where is ~ ;rbco~ d by Coriolis forces to the periphery of the drum against the vertical ' '' ~ A ~ O elements ;then the material is presented to the tips of the first shock impacting rotor which is imparting the first shock blows at cca 100 m/s ( cca 300 feet per second) to the incoming rocks; in the moment of impact, ' cracks are i d ~ the cracks are ~ t~ ' almost with the 20 speed of sound in the rock(~ 1C C ~ m/s)-so in thousands of a second the rock is split in small pieceS by the shock waves initiated by the arms; also the tips of the arms of the first shock impacting rotor are passing through the said cut through 21~7668 the deflecting impacting elements so that any rock being there will be shock impacted and sheared; the generated small fragments of rock are recoiled against the deflecting vertical bars and against the cone shaped chute and against the incoming larger pieces of rock; g to come from upstream; the split pieces S cmltinue to fall under the influence of gravity but being however airborne; the rock fragments are passing over the tips of the first rotor and after impacting against the vertical deflectors are forced to remain for a while inside the space between the first and the second rotors; because of the fact that between the rotor tips and the drum is a small gap-in this case 1 inch the rock fragments are forced by the 10 ~..I.;fi.~,..l and ~ forces to do a statistic recoiling and sonic breaklng combining the effects of self . - 3, direct impacting and shock wave cracking, the whole aero and material mass in the space between rotors having over 16 rotations per second and peripheral speeds of up to 100 m/s and ~ fi.~..l and Coriolis a..~h . I' - in the range of 1000 g and shock a~ r- in e~cess of 15 lO,OOOg; it is also important to note that for the heaviest rock the flying airspeed is cca 3~ m/s-in this case we have in e~cess of 100 m/s at the periphery; the material recoiled in the middle will have the tendency to fall on the rotor but will be e..ll ;r..g..l~d by strong Coriolis forces in the rotor tips area where severe shocks will be ~ d and the cracking process will be continued; the 20 eA~ .- proved that the above gaps, speeds and diameters will assure the of the material to small size and having cca 1-2 % isolated 1/2 -3/4 inch splinters; these splinters will pass to the second . associated with 214~66 the second shock impacting rotor where the process continues; the proved that one main rotor is enough to provide 200- 300 mesh sh~ing; however, there is a last c. r formed between the last main rotor and the last rotor where the pulverized material is ~ to the periphery of the drum 5 impacting and jumping over the vertical deflectors; the gravib will move this layer down slowly but ~ when it reaches the tips of the last impacting rotor the pulverized material is recoiled violently against the cone shaped directing element bringing the material back in the impacting ~ . g area; we have altogether here the following r- -- a O.~.v - -' field assuring the down .. t, a fluidic diode effect caused by the cone shaped elements also assuring a down drafty ~. t, a flying ~ field making all particles to be airborne-to ny a strong ~ irhOal field making the particles to be pushed to the periphery of the drum and to be forced to be recoiled by the internal ~
of the drum and the dellecting vertical bars ,also a ~ ' of the above ,a 15 rotational thoroidal vorte~ with the symmetry a~is coincident with the aYis of the rotating shallt, this vorte~ being created by the air and material flow pushed by the c~ r~O..I forces against the walls and the cone shaped elements; this comple~
kinematic spectra ~ 1, .. O becanse the material and air are c~ by the arms and when is reaching the cone shaped elements they go up against the wall and 20 then, when is reaching th~ nnderside part of the upper cone shaped element, they are directed down against the arms or in the space around the tips of the arms, at the same time there is a circular trail of vorte~es at the tips of the arms created by 21~7~6~
the fact that the particles of rock and the air in the boundary layer close to the wall of the drum tends to remain behind but the air and the particles at the tips of the arms are violently entrained by the fast moving boundary layer associated with the tips; also the angle irons deflectors are bringing the material back in the 5 boundary layer associated with the tips, in the process the material is innpacted against the material in a dynamic way which is ~ , O the ~ 1~ and mean time because of the gravity, because of the said fluidic diode effect of the cone shaped elements, and because of a slight draft created by the movement of the belt conveyor the pulverized material will fall in the settling area 10 above the belt coDveyOr; this settling area is totally sealed by the lips; the pulverized material is evacuated by the belt conveyor ;a . . ' .~ sealing is assured by the rubber flaps at the e~it of the b~lt conveyor; in this way the whole system is sealed at the inlet and at the ontlet and the belt conveyor movement and the cone shaped elements in the drum make the air to move . ' that is 15 jn a dcwndraft mode creating a slight negative pressure inside the drum which is 'n O to the dust 7ll BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF TE~E DRAWINGS
A full v~ ~ of the invention can be gained from the following J~ r of the preferred; ' . ' when read in ~ . with the 20 ~ - g drawings in which:
Fig l-P~ view ofthe rock~ ~.. ,system.
Fig 2-Sectional view of the rock ~ ' . .. system-the drum/rotors detai!s.
21~7666 Fig 3-Sectional detail of the bottom of the drum-the open bottom concept.
Fig 4-Rotor /drum DESCRIPTION OF TEE PREEE:RRED EIUBODIMENTS
The invention is suitable for replacing the ' ' stages from the primary crusher till the first chemical treatment of the ore when it is necessary to have pulverized material from 200-300 mesh size.
As it is seen in the ~ . ,y g '' " the rock ~ system proposed is, . ' O
-a vertical rigid shaft I having an upper part 2 and a lower part 3;
-whereby at the upper and lower part of the rigid shaft having bearings as follows:
at the upper part an upper bearing 4 and at the lower part a lower bearing 5;
-whereby the bearings permit rotation of the vertical shaft around its a~is of symmetry;
-a rigid . ~ ~ frame 6 with an upper part 7 and an lower part 8;
-whereby the said bearings are placedmxed ~ on the upper and the lower parts of the rigid l . ~ ' frarne;
-a circular plate or circular shield 9 rigidly attached by adjusting means 10 to the vertical shaft in such a way that the vertical shaft is ~ - ' on the surface ofthe circular shield and the axis of symmetry of the vertical shaft is passing through the centre of gravity of the circular shield; the circular shield is attached by the said adjusting means in such a way that it is possible to adjnst the position of the 21~766S
circular shield along the shaft upper or lower;
-whereby the circular adjustable shield is placed on the vertical shaft .,- .
under the upper bearing;
-whereby ~ after the circular adjustable shield or circular plate, there 5 is attached to the vertical shaft, by adjusting means 11 a rigid rotor assembly 12, this rotor assembly having rigid arms 13, rigidly attached to the rotor, this rigid rotor being called the first shock impacting rotor;
-whereby ~ ot~ly after the first shock impacting rotor there is attached to the vertical shaft by adjusting means 14, a ' . rigid rotor assembly 15, this 10 rotor assembly having rigid arms 16, rigidly attached to the rotor, this rotor being called the main shock impacting rotor or the second rotor;
-whereby - ~ after the main shock impacting rotor there is attached to the vertical shaft by adjusting means 16a, a rigid rotor assembly 17, this rotor assembly having rigid arms 18 rigidly attached to the rotor, this rotor being called 15 the last shock impacting rotor;
-whereby after the last shock impacting rotor there is the said lower bearing;
-the rock ~ . 5 system ~ in;
-a cylindrical drum 19 having a diameter of 80-100 mch placed inside the rigid frame so that their a~es of symmetry ~ ' ~, the cylindrical drum having an 20 upper part 20 and a lower part 21;
-whereby the ~ertical rigid shaft is placed with its aYis in the centre of the said fran~e and drnm;
21~7666 -whereby tbe position of each rigid rotor being adjustable along the vertical shaft by the said adj~ O means;
-a bel~ like cover 22 covering the lower bearing placed on the lower part of the rigid ~,. O ' frame;
5 -adisklike dust protection object 23 fi~ed on theverticalshaft i ~
above the lower bearing and above the bell like cover -when the shaft rotates, the disk like dust protection object; ' irl.odt~., away any dust close to the lower bearing;
-also placed on the lower part there is a wedge like dust deflector 24 attached 10 rigidly to the bell like cover and to the rigid rt. ' " ' frame assembly;
-whereby the .J'- ' ;Lal drum having at the upper part a cover ~5, with a circular opening 26 through which the vertical shaft is passing, also the cylindrical drum having a r~i.; O ' opening 27 called the inlet opening;
-a cone shaped chute 28 placed inside and at the upper part a of the drum with 15 the larOe diameter placed on the cover and the lower diameter being oriented d .... ..1 dj, that is the cone shaped chute is oriented with the virtual tip of the cone ~ .. -. ... d " so that the inclined surface of the co~e shaped chute is making an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical wall of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the diameter of the rigid circular plate is equal or slightly larger than the 20 small diameter of the co~e shaped chute;
-whereby the rigid circular plate is placed at a certain distauce 29 from the cone shaped chute this distance being bigger than the ma~imum sr~e of the rock to be 2I~6~
-in the rock ~ ~ .. g system , ~ 6 to 8 vertical d n - ~r ~ g elements 30 -these elements being in form of anglc irons placed with the corner 31 to the inside of the cylindrical drum and with the wings 5 32 on the inner vertical surface 33 of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the inner surface of the cylindrical drunn and the deflecthlg impacting elements being plated with n, ~ ~ '' shock and abrasive resistant wear plates 34;
-whereby the tips 3~ of the arms of the second rotor being distanced 36 from the corner of the d~ fl~ g elements, with at least 1 inch;
10 -also the rock 1~ O system ~ - O another cone shaped metal sheet directing element 37 similar with the cone shaped chute, having the same larger diameter, having also an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical, placed in a similar way with the cone shaped chute but having the inner diameter larger, the height of this cone shaped directing element being equal with the height of the angle 15 deflecting r . - g elements measured on the radius of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the lower edge 38 of the tips of the sccond rotor being 1/4" higher than the inner edge rCrJ~ - gO with the smaller diameter 39 of the directing cone shaped element;
-wherebythe vertical angle ' ' ~ , elements being ,, . ~' 20 ~ 40 in the areas 41 where the tips of the first impacting rotor are, so that the said tips are passing through the space 42 of ' ~ O' , - Ig elements, the said tips being distanced 43 within an inch from the inner surface of 21 ~ 7~66 the cylindrical drum, and one inch 44 from the deflecting r . ~ elements, that is, these tips have in the moment when they pass through the cut trough the deflecting impacting elements a distance of one inch to the ' ~^ ~u, drum, etc);
S -also the rock ~ system ~ ~ another cone shaped metal sheet directing element 46 similar with the cone shaped chute, having the same larger diameter, having also an angle of degrees with the vertical, placed in a similar way with the cone shaped chute but having the inner diameter larger, the height of this cone shaped directing element being equal with the height of the angle deflecting 10 rlmpacting elements measnred on the radius of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the lower edge of the tips 47 of the last rotor being with 1/4" higher than t~le inner edge c ~ ' o with the smaller diameter 48 of the directing element;
-whereby the tips of the arms 49 of the last rotor being distanced from the corner of the d ^'- 07r . - 2 elements 50 with at least one inch;
-whereby - ' t~ly under the cylindrical drum there is an open receiving space or plenum chamber 51 ending directly on a belt conveyor 52, so that the pulverized material 53 is totally contained when it is getting out of the machine;
-also a~ the upper part of the vertical shaft being a belt pnlley 54;
20 -an electric rnotor 55 with belt pulley 56;
-belts 57;
-whereby the electric motor is driving the belts and the pulley, the shaft;
214766~
-an eDclosed conveyor 58 with an enclosed hood 59 connected to the inlet opening;
-whereby the arms of the rotors are plated with rCr ~ .7; .
resistant plates 60 facing the direction of .~ ~, -whereby the arms of the rotors have a portion of them 61 machined on both sides 5 62 with inclined walls 63 with angles of 5 degrees from vertical;
-whereby the rotors having recesses 64 with inclined walls 65 at 5 degrees from vertical;
-whereby the arms of the rotors are fi~ed to the rotors with screws 66 ,the arms being placed in the milled recesses with inclined walls;
10 -an erclosed bottom hood 67, sealing the dust against the belt conveyor 52, with rubber lips 68 and rnbber flaps 69 so that the dust is unable to get out from the pulverizer space;
The way the rock I~ v system is working is as follows:
The enclosed conveyor is bringing the material to be pulverized or the rock to the 15 inlet opening; the rock is entering in the drum via the inlet opening ;the electric motor and pulley drive the shaft at 1000-1100 rpm via the pulley at the upper part of the vertical shaft O ~ tip speeds of the rotors no more than 100 m/s; the rock is falling on the cone shaped chute; the rock is falling on the circular plate ,where is .c..~- ;r..6.-t~d by Coriolis forces to the periphery of the drum against the 20 vertical d '- ~ ' , O elements ;then the material is presented to the tips of the first shock irllpacting rotor which is imparting the first shock blows at cca 100 m/s ( cca 300 feet per second) to the incoming rocks; in the moment of impact, 21~7666 ' ' . ctional cracks are I ~ ' the cracks are . ~ I ~ ' almost with the speed of sound in the rock(2~ ~ 1 ~ ~ m/s)-so in thousands of a second the rock is split hl small pieces by the shock waves initiated by the arms; also the tips of the arms of the first shock impacting rotor are passing through the said cut throughthe ~eflecting impacting elements so that any rock being there will be shock impacted and sheared; the generated small fragments of rock are recoiled againstthe deflecting vertical bars and against the cone shaped chute and against the incoming larger pieces of rock c g to come from upstream; the split pieces continue to fall under the influence of gravity but being however airborne; the rock fragments are passing over the tips of the first rotor and after impacting against the vertical deflectors are forced to remain for a while inside the space bet veen the first and the second rotors; because of the fact that between the rotor tips and the drum is a small gap-in this case 1 inch the rock fragments are forced by the ;rbhdl and ~ forces to do a statistic recoiling and sonic breaking combining the effects of self impacting, direct impacting and shock wave cracking, the whole aero and material mass in the space between rotors having over 16 rotations per second and peripheral speeds of up to 100 m/s and ~ . ;rht,dl and Coriolis a. .~ l~. in the range of 1000 g and shock accel~. in e~cess of 10,00Cg; it is also important to note that for the heaviest rock the flying airspeed is cca 35 m/s-in this case we have in e~cess of 100 m/s at the periphery; the material recoiled in the middle will have the tendency to fall on the rotor but will be ~ c.i..l- irh~dt~d by strong Coriolis forces in the rotor tips area where 2147~B~
severe shocks will be ' ~ and the cracking process will be continued; the esperience proved that the above gaps, speeds and diameters will assure the of the material to small sr~e and having cca 1-2 % isolated 1/2 -3/4 inch splinters; these splinters will pass to the second . I~; associated with 5 the second shock impacting rotor where the process continues; the e~periments proved that one main rotor is enough to provide 200- 300 mesh sr~ing; however, there is a last . - formed between the last main rotor and the last rotor where the pulverr~ed material is ~ ir~ O ' to the periphery of the drum impacting and jumping over the vertical deflectors; the gravity will move this layer 10 down slowly but ' '.~ when it reaches the tips of the last impacting rotor the pulverized material is recoiled violently against the cone shaped directing element bringhlg the material back in the impacting ~ ~. O area; we have altogether here the following ,)1 a O..lv ' field assuring the down .. t, a fluidic diode effect caused by the cone shaped elements also assurhlg a 15 down drafty . . t, a flying &.,. ~ ~ field making all particles to be ; ~ to fly a strong ;rho~d field making the particles to be pushed to the periphery of the drum and to be forced to be recoiled by the internal ~
of the drum and the deflecting vertical bars ,also a ~ ' of the above ,a rotational thoroidal vorte~ with the symmetry a~is coincident with the asis of the 20 rotating shaft, this vortex being created by the air and material flow pushed by the ;rhO~.I forces against the walls and the cone shaped elements; this comple~
kinematic spectra ~ . r ' O because the material and air are .~ irLO.II~d by the 21~766~
arms and when is reaching the cone shaped elements they go up against the wall and then, when is reaching the underside part of the upper cone shaped element, theyare directed down against the arms or in the space around the tips of the arms, at the same time there is a circular trail of vorte~es at the tips of the arms created by the fact that the particles of rock and the air in the boundary layer close to the wall of the drum tends to remain behind but the air and the particles at the tips of the arms are violently entrained by the fast moving boundary layer associated with the tips; also the angle irons deflectors are bringing the material back in the boundary layer associated with the tips, in the process the material is impactedagainst the material in a dynamic way which is - . "r~' O the - and n; mean time because of the gravity, because of the said fluidic diode effect of the cone shaped elements, and because of a slight draft created by themovement of the belt conveyor the pulverized nnaterial will fall in the settling area above the belt conveyor; this settling area is totally sealed by the lips; the pulverized material is evacuated by the belt conveyor ;a ., ' ~ sealing is assured by the rubber flaps at the e~it of the belt conveyor; in this way the whole system is sealed at the inlet and at the outlet and the belt conveyor movement and the cone shaped elements in the drum make the air to move I c ' that is in a ~ .... .Irl mode creating a slight negative pressure inside the drum which is g to the dust '~
The ~ of this proposed inventions are as follows:
in one pass of 200-300 mesh starting from 6-8 inch material 21~7~S6 F ~ to process silica rock - low wear rate -low energy ~:
-low -low cost ,. .- .~, -improved ac. ~,d.~ behaviour -good dust c -compact structure -uses ' ~ the dynamic material on material ~ . F effect
There are known in the art ' ;rh~;, I machines with rigid arms used for rock. A problem which was not solved by these machines was that they 10 were limited to small flow rates and they were based mainly on attrition and grinding, using in very small degree the impaction for r ~ - g Also the inside of these machines tried to eliminate as much as possible the air agitation inside. Because of this the present state of the art machines eYperience severe wear and are limited to small flow rates.
The mining industry reqnired for a couple of decades a system to be able to pulverize the ore down to 200-300 mesh directly after the first stage of crushing-usually after the jaw or gyratory crushers. This would make it possible to go directly after the primary crusher to the cyanide process in the case of gold ore 21~7~66 .
The main machine used for ~ .. O in the mining industry is the ball mill. This machine has some ~ ' O is ~ ' " g the material, is ~sing large amount of power(because the process is slow), is large, has low . . ~I . ;I.y, 5 and has extreme high costs associated with its ' SUMI\IARY OF T~E INVENTION
The above l~..lv ' O were eliminated by the rock pulverizer system proposed in the present invention by the fact that is made of:
-a vertical rigid shaft having an upper part and a lower part;
10 -whereby at the upper and lower part of the rigid shaft having bearings as follows:
at the upper part an upper bearing and at the lower part a lower bearing -whereby the bearings permit rotation of the vertical shaft around its a~is of symmetry;
-a rigid r~ct- nO ' frame with an upper part and an lower part;
15 -whereby the said bearings are placed/fixed ~ on the upper and the lower parts of the rigid ~ ' frame;
-a circular plate or circular shield rigidly attached by adjusting means to the vertical shaft in such a way that the vertical shaft is F~ - ' OQ the surface of the circular shield and the a~is of symmetry of the vertical shaft is passing through 20 the centre of gravity of the circular shield; the circular shield is attached by the said a~justing means in such a way that it is possible to adjust the position of the circular shield along the shaft upper or lower;
214~6~
-whereby the circular adjustable shield is placed on the vertical shaft under the upper bearing;
-whereby ~ after the circular adjustable shield or circular plate, there is attached to the vertical shaft, by adjusting means a rigid rotor assembly, this 5 rotor assembly having rigid arms, rigidly attached to the rotor, this rigid rotor being called the first shock impacting rotor;
-whereby i ' ~ after the first shock impacting rotor there is attached to the vertical shaft by adjusting means, a ' ,. rigid rotor assembly, this rotor assembly having rigid arms, rigidly attached to the rotor, this rotor being called 10 the main shock impacting rotor or the second rotor;
-whereby ~di~ply after the main shock impacting rotor there is attached to the vertical shaft by adjusting means, a rigid rotor assembly, this rotor assembly havin~ rigid arms rigidly attached to the rotor, this rotor being called the last shock nmpacting rotor;
15 -whereby after the last shock impacting rotor there is the said lower bearing;
-the rock r ~ - - g system g in ~
-a cylindrical drum having a diameter of 80-100 inch placed inside the rigid frame so that their a~es of symmetry: ' t, the cylindrical drum having an upper part and a lower part;
20 -whereby the vertical rigid shaft is placed with its a~is in the centre of the said frame and drum;
-whereby the position of each rigid rotor being adjustable along the vertical shaft 21~7~6B
by the said ~d; l J~ O means;
-a bell like cover covering the lower bearing placed on the lower part of the rigid I I O ' frame;
-a disk like dust protection object fixed on the vertical sha~t i ' ~ above 5 the lower bearing and above the bell like cover -when the shaft rotates, the disk like dust protection object ~ rirbo.ll~.. away any dust close to the lower bearing;
-also placed on the lower part there is a wedge like dust deflector attached rigidly to the bell like cover and to the rigid ..,. O ' frame assembly;
-whereby the .J'' ` h,~l drum having at the upper part a cover, with a circular 10 opening through which the vertical shaft is passing, also the cylindrical drum having a rc~ O ' opening called the inlet opening;
-a cone shaped chute placed inside and at the upper part a of the drum with the large diameter placed on the cover and the lower diameter being oriented IW.~ 17~, that is the cone shaped chute is oriented with the virtual tip of the 15 cone d(..1.~..ld~"sothatthe inclined surface ofthe coneshapedchuteismaking an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical wall of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the diameter of the rigid circular plate is equal or slightly larger than the small diameter of the cone shaped chute;
-whereby the rigid circularplate is placed ata certain distance from the cone 0 shaped chute this distance being bigger than the ma~imum size of the rock to be d, -in: ' , the rock r ~ - O system ~ 6 to 8 vertical 2I47~6~
elements -these elements being in form of angle irons placed with the corner to the inside of the cylindrical drum and with the wings on the inner vertical surface of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the inner surface of the cylindrical drum and the deflecting impacting 5 elements being plated with r. r ~ shock and abrasive resistant wear plates;
-whereby the tips of the arms of the second rotor being distanced from the corner of the d " ~ r , - V elements, with at least 1 inch;
-also the rock l;- '- ~. O system ~ another cone shaped nnetal sheet directing element similar with the cone shaped chute, having the same larger 10 diameter, having also an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical, placed in a similar way with the cone shaped chute but having the inner diameter larger, the height of this cone shaped directing element being equal with the height of the angle deflecting / . ~ v' elements measured on the radius of the cylindrical drunn;
-wherebythe loweredge ofthetips ofthesecondrotor being 114"higherthan 15 the inner edge ~ - 2 with the snnaller diameter of the directing cone shapedi element;
-wherebythe vertical angle~ elements being .~
' ' in the areas where the tips of the first impacting rotor are, so that the said tips are passing through the space of d ~ elements, the 20 said tips being distanced within an inch from the inner snrface of the cylindrical drum, and one inch from the deflecthlg /impacting elements, that is7 these tips have in the moment when they pass through the cut trough the deflecting innpacting 21g766~
elemcnts a distance of one inch to the in~mediate - , ,. ' ~ objects(the drum, etc);
-also the rock ~ system another cone shaped metal sheet directing element similar with the cone shaped chute, having the same larger 5 diameter, having also an angle of degrees with the vertical, placed in a similar way with the cone shaped chute but having the inner diameter larger, the height of this cone shaped directing element being eqnal with the height of the angle deflecthlg /impacting elements measured on the radins of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the lower edge of the tips of the last rotor being with 1/4" higher than 10 the inner edge .ni, . .~ with the smaller diameter of the directing element;
-whereby the tips of the arms of the last rotor being distanced from the corner of the ' "- ~,/ , g elements with at least one inch;
-whereby " '~ under the cylindrical drum there is an open receiving space or plenum chamber ending directly on a belt conveyor, so that the pulverr~ed 15 material is totally contained when it is getting out of the machine;
-also at the upper part of the vertical shaft being a belt pulley;
-an electric motor with belt pulley;
-belts;
-whereby the electric motor is driving the belts and the pulley, t~e shaft;
20 -an enclosed conveyor with an enclosed hood connected to the inlet opening;
-whereby the arms of the rotors are plated with r~, ' ' ~ , ' / ' ~;, resistant plates facing the direction of .~ ~;
2147~66 -whereby the arms of the rotors have a portion of them machined on both sides with inclined walls with angles of S degrees from vertical;
-whereby the rotors having recesses with inclined walls at 5 degrees from vertical;
-whereby the arms of the rotors are fi~ed to the rotors with screws ,the arms beiLtg 5 placed in the milled recesses with inclined walls;
-an enclosed bottom hood, sealing the dust against the belt conveyor, with rubber lips and rubber flaps so that the dust is unable to get out from the pulverizer space;
The way the rock ~ O system is working is as follows:
10 The enclosed conveyor is bringing the material to be pulverr~ed or the rock to the inlet opening; the rock is entering in the drum via the inlet opening ;the electric motor and pulley drive the shaft at 1000-llO0 rpm via the pulley at the upper part of the ~ertical shaft O 3 tip speeds of the rotors no more than 100 m/s; the rock is falling on the cone shaped chute; the rock is falling ml the circular plate 15 ,where is ~ ;rbco~ d by Coriolis forces to the periphery of the drum against the vertical ' '' ~ A ~ O elements ;then the material is presented to the tips of the first shock impacting rotor which is imparting the first shock blows at cca 100 m/s ( cca 300 feet per second) to the incoming rocks; in the moment of impact, ' cracks are i d ~ the cracks are ~ t~ ' almost with the 20 speed of sound in the rock(~ 1C C ~ m/s)-so in thousands of a second the rock is split in small pieceS by the shock waves initiated by the arms; also the tips of the arms of the first shock impacting rotor are passing through the said cut through 21~7668 the deflecting impacting elements so that any rock being there will be shock impacted and sheared; the generated small fragments of rock are recoiled against the deflecting vertical bars and against the cone shaped chute and against the incoming larger pieces of rock; g to come from upstream; the split pieces S cmltinue to fall under the influence of gravity but being however airborne; the rock fragments are passing over the tips of the first rotor and after impacting against the vertical deflectors are forced to remain for a while inside the space between the first and the second rotors; because of the fact that between the rotor tips and the drum is a small gap-in this case 1 inch the rock fragments are forced by the 10 ~..I.;fi.~,..l and ~ forces to do a statistic recoiling and sonic breaklng combining the effects of self . - 3, direct impacting and shock wave cracking, the whole aero and material mass in the space between rotors having over 16 rotations per second and peripheral speeds of up to 100 m/s and ~ fi.~..l and Coriolis a..~h . I' - in the range of 1000 g and shock a~ r- in e~cess of 15 lO,OOOg; it is also important to note that for the heaviest rock the flying airspeed is cca 3~ m/s-in this case we have in e~cess of 100 m/s at the periphery; the material recoiled in the middle will have the tendency to fall on the rotor but will be e..ll ;r..g..l~d by strong Coriolis forces in the rotor tips area where severe shocks will be ~ d and the cracking process will be continued; the 20 eA~ .- proved that the above gaps, speeds and diameters will assure the of the material to small size and having cca 1-2 % isolated 1/2 -3/4 inch splinters; these splinters will pass to the second . associated with 214~66 the second shock impacting rotor where the process continues; the proved that one main rotor is enough to provide 200- 300 mesh sh~ing; however, there is a last c. r formed between the last main rotor and the last rotor where the pulverized material is ~ to the periphery of the drum 5 impacting and jumping over the vertical deflectors; the gravib will move this layer down slowly but ~ when it reaches the tips of the last impacting rotor the pulverized material is recoiled violently against the cone shaped directing element bringing the material back in the impacting ~ . g area; we have altogether here the following r- -- a O.~.v - -' field assuring the down .. t, a fluidic diode effect caused by the cone shaped elements also assuring a down drafty ~. t, a flying ~ field making all particles to be airborne-to ny a strong ~ irhOal field making the particles to be pushed to the periphery of the drum and to be forced to be recoiled by the internal ~
of the drum and the dellecting vertical bars ,also a ~ ' of the above ,a 15 rotational thoroidal vorte~ with the symmetry a~is coincident with the aYis of the rotating shallt, this vorte~ being created by the air and material flow pushed by the c~ r~O..I forces against the walls and the cone shaped elements; this comple~
kinematic spectra ~ 1, .. O becanse the material and air are c~ by the arms and when is reaching the cone shaped elements they go up against the wall and 20 then, when is reaching th~ nnderside part of the upper cone shaped element, they are directed down against the arms or in the space around the tips of the arms, at the same time there is a circular trail of vorte~es at the tips of the arms created by 21~7~6~
the fact that the particles of rock and the air in the boundary layer close to the wall of the drum tends to remain behind but the air and the particles at the tips of the arms are violently entrained by the fast moving boundary layer associated with the tips; also the angle irons deflectors are bringing the material back in the 5 boundary layer associated with the tips, in the process the material is innpacted against the material in a dynamic way which is ~ , O the ~ 1~ and mean time because of the gravity, because of the said fluidic diode effect of the cone shaped elements, and because of a slight draft created by the movement of the belt conveyor the pulverized material will fall in the settling area 10 above the belt coDveyOr; this settling area is totally sealed by the lips; the pulverized material is evacuated by the belt conveyor ;a . . ' .~ sealing is assured by the rubber flaps at the e~it of the b~lt conveyor; in this way the whole system is sealed at the inlet and at the ontlet and the belt conveyor movement and the cone shaped elements in the drum make the air to move . ' that is 15 jn a dcwndraft mode creating a slight negative pressure inside the drum which is 'n O to the dust 7ll BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF TE~E DRAWINGS
A full v~ ~ of the invention can be gained from the following J~ r of the preferred; ' . ' when read in ~ . with the 20 ~ - g drawings in which:
Fig l-P~ view ofthe rock~ ~.. ,system.
Fig 2-Sectional view of the rock ~ ' . .. system-the drum/rotors detai!s.
21~7666 Fig 3-Sectional detail of the bottom of the drum-the open bottom concept.
Fig 4-Rotor /drum DESCRIPTION OF TEE PREEE:RRED EIUBODIMENTS
The invention is suitable for replacing the ' ' stages from the primary crusher till the first chemical treatment of the ore when it is necessary to have pulverized material from 200-300 mesh size.
As it is seen in the ~ . ,y g '' " the rock ~ system proposed is, . ' O
-a vertical rigid shaft I having an upper part 2 and a lower part 3;
-whereby at the upper and lower part of the rigid shaft having bearings as follows:
at the upper part an upper bearing 4 and at the lower part a lower bearing 5;
-whereby the bearings permit rotation of the vertical shaft around its a~is of symmetry;
-a rigid . ~ ~ frame 6 with an upper part 7 and an lower part 8;
-whereby the said bearings are placedmxed ~ on the upper and the lower parts of the rigid l . ~ ' frarne;
-a circular plate or circular shield 9 rigidly attached by adjusting means 10 to the vertical shaft in such a way that the vertical shaft is ~ - ' on the surface ofthe circular shield and the axis of symmetry of the vertical shaft is passing through the centre of gravity of the circular shield; the circular shield is attached by the said adjusting means in such a way that it is possible to adjnst the position of the 21~766S
circular shield along the shaft upper or lower;
-whereby the circular adjustable shield is placed on the vertical shaft .,- .
under the upper bearing;
-whereby ~ after the circular adjustable shield or circular plate, there 5 is attached to the vertical shaft, by adjusting means 11 a rigid rotor assembly 12, this rotor assembly having rigid arms 13, rigidly attached to the rotor, this rigid rotor being called the first shock impacting rotor;
-whereby ~ ot~ly after the first shock impacting rotor there is attached to the vertical shaft by adjusting means 14, a ' . rigid rotor assembly 15, this 10 rotor assembly having rigid arms 16, rigidly attached to the rotor, this rotor being called the main shock impacting rotor or the second rotor;
-whereby - ~ after the main shock impacting rotor there is attached to the vertical shaft by adjusting means 16a, a rigid rotor assembly 17, this rotor assembly having rigid arms 18 rigidly attached to the rotor, this rotor being called 15 the last shock impacting rotor;
-whereby after the last shock impacting rotor there is the said lower bearing;
-the rock ~ . 5 system ~ in;
-a cylindrical drum 19 having a diameter of 80-100 mch placed inside the rigid frame so that their a~es of symmetry ~ ' ~, the cylindrical drum having an 20 upper part 20 and a lower part 21;
-whereby the ~ertical rigid shaft is placed with its aYis in the centre of the said fran~e and drnm;
21~7666 -whereby tbe position of each rigid rotor being adjustable along the vertical shaft by the said adj~ O means;
-a bel~ like cover 22 covering the lower bearing placed on the lower part of the rigid ~,. O ' frame;
5 -adisklike dust protection object 23 fi~ed on theverticalshaft i ~
above the lower bearing and above the bell like cover -when the shaft rotates, the disk like dust protection object; ' irl.odt~., away any dust close to the lower bearing;
-also placed on the lower part there is a wedge like dust deflector 24 attached 10 rigidly to the bell like cover and to the rigid rt. ' " ' frame assembly;
-whereby the .J'- ' ;Lal drum having at the upper part a cover ~5, with a circular opening 26 through which the vertical shaft is passing, also the cylindrical drum having a r~i.; O ' opening 27 called the inlet opening;
-a cone shaped chute 28 placed inside and at the upper part a of the drum with 15 the larOe diameter placed on the cover and the lower diameter being oriented d .... ..1 dj, that is the cone shaped chute is oriented with the virtual tip of the cone ~ .. -. ... d " so that the inclined surface of the co~e shaped chute is making an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical wall of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the diameter of the rigid circular plate is equal or slightly larger than the 20 small diameter of the co~e shaped chute;
-whereby the rigid circular plate is placed at a certain distauce 29 from the cone shaped chute this distance being bigger than the ma~imum sr~e of the rock to be 2I~6~
-in the rock ~ ~ .. g system , ~ 6 to 8 vertical d n - ~r ~ g elements 30 -these elements being in form of anglc irons placed with the corner 31 to the inside of the cylindrical drum and with the wings 5 32 on the inner vertical surface 33 of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the inner surface of the cylindrical drunn and the deflecthlg impacting elements being plated with n, ~ ~ '' shock and abrasive resistant wear plates 34;
-whereby the tips 3~ of the arms of the second rotor being distanced 36 from the corner of the d~ fl~ g elements, with at least 1 inch;
10 -also the rock 1~ O system ~ - O another cone shaped metal sheet directing element 37 similar with the cone shaped chute, having the same larger diameter, having also an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical, placed in a similar way with the cone shaped chute but having the inner diameter larger, the height of this cone shaped directing element being equal with the height of the angle 15 deflecting r . - g elements measured on the radius of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the lower edge 38 of the tips of the sccond rotor being 1/4" higher than the inner edge rCrJ~ - gO with the smaller diameter 39 of the directing cone shaped element;
-wherebythe vertical angle ' ' ~ , elements being ,, . ~' 20 ~ 40 in the areas 41 where the tips of the first impacting rotor are, so that the said tips are passing through the space 42 of ' ~ O' , - Ig elements, the said tips being distanced 43 within an inch from the inner surface of 21 ~ 7~66 the cylindrical drum, and one inch 44 from the deflecting r . ~ elements, that is, these tips have in the moment when they pass through the cut trough the deflecting impacting elements a distance of one inch to the ' ~^ ~u, drum, etc);
S -also the rock ~ system ~ ~ another cone shaped metal sheet directing element 46 similar with the cone shaped chute, having the same larger diameter, having also an angle of degrees with the vertical, placed in a similar way with the cone shaped chute but having the inner diameter larger, the height of this cone shaped directing element being equal with the height of the angle deflecting 10 rlmpacting elements measnred on the radius of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the lower edge of the tips 47 of the last rotor being with 1/4" higher than t~le inner edge c ~ ' o with the smaller diameter 48 of the directing element;
-whereby the tips of the arms 49 of the last rotor being distanced from the corner of the d ^'- 07r . - 2 elements 50 with at least one inch;
-whereby - ' t~ly under the cylindrical drum there is an open receiving space or plenum chamber 51 ending directly on a belt conveyor 52, so that the pulverized material 53 is totally contained when it is getting out of the machine;
-also a~ the upper part of the vertical shaft being a belt pnlley 54;
20 -an electric rnotor 55 with belt pulley 56;
-belts 57;
-whereby the electric motor is driving the belts and the pulley, the shaft;
214766~
-an eDclosed conveyor 58 with an enclosed hood 59 connected to the inlet opening;
-whereby the arms of the rotors are plated with rCr ~ .7; .
resistant plates 60 facing the direction of .~ ~, -whereby the arms of the rotors have a portion of them 61 machined on both sides 5 62 with inclined walls 63 with angles of 5 degrees from vertical;
-whereby the rotors having recesses 64 with inclined walls 65 at 5 degrees from vertical;
-whereby the arms of the rotors are fi~ed to the rotors with screws 66 ,the arms being placed in the milled recesses with inclined walls;
10 -an erclosed bottom hood 67, sealing the dust against the belt conveyor 52, with rubber lips 68 and rnbber flaps 69 so that the dust is unable to get out from the pulverizer space;
The way the rock I~ v system is working is as follows:
The enclosed conveyor is bringing the material to be pulverized or the rock to the 15 inlet opening; the rock is entering in the drum via the inlet opening ;the electric motor and pulley drive the shaft at 1000-1100 rpm via the pulley at the upper part of the vertical shaft O ~ tip speeds of the rotors no more than 100 m/s; the rock is falling on the cone shaped chute; the rock is falling on the circular plate ,where is .c..~- ;r..6.-t~d by Coriolis forces to the periphery of the drum against the 20 vertical d '- ~ ' , O elements ;then the material is presented to the tips of the first shock irllpacting rotor which is imparting the first shock blows at cca 100 m/s ( cca 300 feet per second) to the incoming rocks; in the moment of impact, 21~7666 ' ' . ctional cracks are I ~ ' the cracks are . ~ I ~ ' almost with the speed of sound in the rock(2~ ~ 1 ~ ~ m/s)-so in thousands of a second the rock is split hl small pieces by the shock waves initiated by the arms; also the tips of the arms of the first shock impacting rotor are passing through the said cut throughthe ~eflecting impacting elements so that any rock being there will be shock impacted and sheared; the generated small fragments of rock are recoiled againstthe deflecting vertical bars and against the cone shaped chute and against the incoming larger pieces of rock c g to come from upstream; the split pieces continue to fall under the influence of gravity but being however airborne; the rock fragments are passing over the tips of the first rotor and after impacting against the vertical deflectors are forced to remain for a while inside the space bet veen the first and the second rotors; because of the fact that between the rotor tips and the drum is a small gap-in this case 1 inch the rock fragments are forced by the ;rbhdl and ~ forces to do a statistic recoiling and sonic breaking combining the effects of self impacting, direct impacting and shock wave cracking, the whole aero and material mass in the space between rotors having over 16 rotations per second and peripheral speeds of up to 100 m/s and ~ . ;rht,dl and Coriolis a. .~ l~. in the range of 1000 g and shock accel~. in e~cess of 10,00Cg; it is also important to note that for the heaviest rock the flying airspeed is cca 35 m/s-in this case we have in e~cess of 100 m/s at the periphery; the material recoiled in the middle will have the tendency to fall on the rotor but will be ~ c.i..l- irh~dt~d by strong Coriolis forces in the rotor tips area where 2147~B~
severe shocks will be ' ~ and the cracking process will be continued; the esperience proved that the above gaps, speeds and diameters will assure the of the material to small sr~e and having cca 1-2 % isolated 1/2 -3/4 inch splinters; these splinters will pass to the second . I~; associated with 5 the second shock impacting rotor where the process continues; the e~periments proved that one main rotor is enough to provide 200- 300 mesh sr~ing; however, there is a last . - formed between the last main rotor and the last rotor where the pulverr~ed material is ~ ir~ O ' to the periphery of the drum impacting and jumping over the vertical deflectors; the gravity will move this layer 10 down slowly but ' '.~ when it reaches the tips of the last impacting rotor the pulverized material is recoiled violently against the cone shaped directing element bringhlg the material back in the impacting ~ ~. O area; we have altogether here the following ,)1 a O..lv ' field assuring the down .. t, a fluidic diode effect caused by the cone shaped elements also assurhlg a 15 down drafty . . t, a flying &.,. ~ ~ field making all particles to be ; ~ to fly a strong ;rho~d field making the particles to be pushed to the periphery of the drum and to be forced to be recoiled by the internal ~
of the drum and the deflecting vertical bars ,also a ~ ' of the above ,a rotational thoroidal vorte~ with the symmetry a~is coincident with the asis of the 20 rotating shaft, this vortex being created by the air and material flow pushed by the ;rhO~.I forces against the walls and the cone shaped elements; this comple~
kinematic spectra ~ . r ' O because the material and air are .~ irLO.II~d by the 21~766~
arms and when is reaching the cone shaped elements they go up against the wall and then, when is reaching the underside part of the upper cone shaped element, theyare directed down against the arms or in the space around the tips of the arms, at the same time there is a circular trail of vorte~es at the tips of the arms created by the fact that the particles of rock and the air in the boundary layer close to the wall of the drum tends to remain behind but the air and the particles at the tips of the arms are violently entrained by the fast moving boundary layer associated with the tips; also the angle irons deflectors are bringing the material back in the boundary layer associated with the tips, in the process the material is impactedagainst the material in a dynamic way which is - . "r~' O the - and n; mean time because of the gravity, because of the said fluidic diode effect of the cone shaped elements, and because of a slight draft created by themovement of the belt conveyor the pulverized nnaterial will fall in the settling area above the belt conveyor; this settling area is totally sealed by the lips; the pulverized material is evacuated by the belt conveyor ;a ., ' ~ sealing is assured by the rubber flaps at the e~it of the belt conveyor; in this way the whole system is sealed at the inlet and at the outlet and the belt conveyor movement and the cone shaped elements in the drum make the air to move I c ' that is in a ~ .... .Irl mode creating a slight negative pressure inside the drum which is g to the dust '~
The ~ of this proposed inventions are as follows:
in one pass of 200-300 mesh starting from 6-8 inch material 21~7~S6 F ~ to process silica rock - low wear rate -low energy ~:
-low -low cost ,. .- .~, -improved ac. ~,d.~ behaviour -good dust c -compact structure -uses ' ~ the dynamic material on material ~ . F effect
Claims (2)
1. A rock pulverizing system characterized by the fact that comprises:
-a vertical rigid shaft having an upper part and a lower part;
-whereby at the upper and lower part of the rigid shaft having bearings as follows:
at the upper part an upper bearing and at the lower part a lower bearing -whereby the bearings permit rotation of the vertical shaft around its axis of symmetry;
-a rigid rectangular frame with an upper part and an lower part;
-whereby the said bearings are place/fixed respectively/correspondingly on the upper and the lower parts of the rigid rectangular frame;
-a circular plate or circular shield rigidly attached by adjusting means to the vertical shaft in such a way that the vertical shaft is perpendicular on the surface of the circular shield and the axis of symmetry of the vertical shaft is passing through the centre of gravity of the circular shield; the circular shield is attached by the said adjusting means in such a way that it is possible to adjust the position of the circular shield along the shaft upper or lower;
-whereby the circular adjustable shield is placed on the vertical shaft somewhere under the upper bearing;
-whereby immediately after the circular adjustable shield or circular plate, there is attached to the vertical shaft, by adjusting means a rigid rotor assembly, this rotor assembly having rigid arms, rigidly attached to the rotor, this rigid rotor being called the first shock impacting rotor;
-whereby immediately after the first shock impacting rotor there is attached to the vertical shaft by adjusting means, a subsequent rigid rotor assembly, this rotor assembly having rigid arms, rigidly attached to the rotor, this rotor being called the main shock impacting rotor or the second rotor;
-whereby immediately after the main shock impacting rotor there is attached to the vertical shaft by adjusting means, a rigid rotor assembly, this rotor assembly having rigid arms rigidly attached to the rotor, this rotor being called the last shock impacting rotor;
-whereby after the last shock impacting rotor there is the said lower bearing;
-the rock pulverizing system comprising in continuation:
-a cylindrical drum having a diameter of 80-100 inch placed inside the rigid frame so that their axes of symmetry coincident, the cylindrical drum having an upper part and a lower part;
-whereby the vertical rigid shaft is placed with its axis in the centre of the said frame and drum;
-whereby the position of each rigid rotor being adjustable along the vertical shaft by the said adjusting/fixing means;
-a bell like cover covering the lower bearing placed on the lower part of the rigid rectangular frame;
-a disk like dust protection object fixed on the vertical shaft immediately above the lower bearing and above the bell like cover-when the shaft rotates, the disk like dust protection object centrifugates away any dust close to the lower bearing;
-also placed on the lower part there is a wedge like dust deflector attached rigidly to the bell like cover and to the rigid rectangular frame assembly;
-whereby the cylindrical drum having at the upper part a cover, with a circular opening through which the vertical shaft is passing, also the cylindrical drum having a rectangular opening called the inlet opening;
-a cone shaped chute placed inside and at the upper part a of the drum with the large diameter placed on the cover and the lower diameter being oriented downwards, that is the cone shaped chute is oriented with the virtual tip of the cone downwards, so that the inclined surface of the cone shaped chute is making an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical wall of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the diameter of the rigid circular plate is equal or slightly larger than the small diameter of the cone shaped chute;
-whereby the rigid circular plate is placed at a certain distance from the cone shaped chute this distance being bigger than the maximum size of the rock to be pulverized;
-in continuation, the rock pulverizing system comprising: 6 to 8 vertical deflecting/impacting elements -these elements being in form of angle irons placed with the corner to the inside of the cylindrical drum and with the wings on the inner vertical surface of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the inner surface of the cylindrical drum and the deflecting impacting elements being plated with replaceable shock and abrasive resistant wear plates ;
-whereby the tips of the arms of the second rotor being distanced from the corner of the deflecting/impacting elements, with at least 1 inch;
-also the rock pulverizing system containing: another cone shaped metal sheet directing element similar with the cone shaped chute, having the same larger diameter, having also an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical, placed in a similar way with the cone shaped chute but having the inner diameter larger, the height of this cone shaped directing element being equal with the height of the angle deflecting/impacting elements measured on the radius of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the lower edge of the tips of the second rotor being 1/4" higher than the inner edge corresponding with the smaller diameter of the directing cone shaped element;
-whereby the vertical angle deflecting/impacting elements being interrupted/
discontinued in the areas where the tips of the first impacting rotor are, so that the said tips are passing through the space of deflecting/impacting elements, the said tips being distanced within an inch from the inner surface of the cylindrical drum, and one inch from the deflecting/impacting elements, that is, these tips have in the moment when they pass through the cut trough the deflecting impacting elements a distance of one inch to the immediate surrounding objects(the drum, etc);
-also the rock pulverizing system containing: another cone shaped metal sheet directing element similar with the cone shaped chute, having the same larger diameter, having also an angle of degrees with the vertical, placed in a similar way with the cone shaped chute but having the inner diameter larger, the height of this cone shaped directing element being equal with the height of the angle deflecting /impacting elements measured on the radius of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the lower edge of the tips of the last rotor being with 1/4" higher than the inner edge corresponding with the smaller diameter of the directing element;
-whereby the tips of the arms of the last rotor being distanced from the corner of the deflecting/impacting elements with at least one inch;
-whereby immediately under the cylindrical drum there is an open receiving space or plenum chamber ending directly on a belt conveyor, so that the pulverized material is totally contained when it is getting out of the machine;
-also at the upper part of the vertical shaft being a belt pulley;
-an electric motor with belt pulley;
-belts;
-whereby the electric motor is driving the belts and the pulley, the shaft;
-an enclosed conveyor with an enclosed hood connected to the inlet opening;
-whereby the arms of the rotors are plated with replaceable impact/abrasive resistant plates facing the direction of movement;
-whereby the arms of the rotors have a portion of them machined on both sides with inclined walls with angles of 5 degrees from vertical;
-whereby the rotors having recesses with inclined walls at 5 degrees from vertical;
-whereby the arms of the rotors are fixed to the rotors with screws ,the arms being placed in the milled recesses with inclined walls;
-an enclosed bottom hood, sealing the dust against the belt conveyor, with rubber lips and rubber flaps so that the dust is unable to get out from the pulverizer space;
-a vertical rigid shaft having an upper part and a lower part;
-whereby at the upper and lower part of the rigid shaft having bearings as follows:
at the upper part an upper bearing and at the lower part a lower bearing -whereby the bearings permit rotation of the vertical shaft around its axis of symmetry;
-a rigid rectangular frame with an upper part and an lower part;
-whereby the said bearings are place/fixed respectively/correspondingly on the upper and the lower parts of the rigid rectangular frame;
-a circular plate or circular shield rigidly attached by adjusting means to the vertical shaft in such a way that the vertical shaft is perpendicular on the surface of the circular shield and the axis of symmetry of the vertical shaft is passing through the centre of gravity of the circular shield; the circular shield is attached by the said adjusting means in such a way that it is possible to adjust the position of the circular shield along the shaft upper or lower;
-whereby the circular adjustable shield is placed on the vertical shaft somewhere under the upper bearing;
-whereby immediately after the circular adjustable shield or circular plate, there is attached to the vertical shaft, by adjusting means a rigid rotor assembly, this rotor assembly having rigid arms, rigidly attached to the rotor, this rigid rotor being called the first shock impacting rotor;
-whereby immediately after the first shock impacting rotor there is attached to the vertical shaft by adjusting means, a subsequent rigid rotor assembly, this rotor assembly having rigid arms, rigidly attached to the rotor, this rotor being called the main shock impacting rotor or the second rotor;
-whereby immediately after the main shock impacting rotor there is attached to the vertical shaft by adjusting means, a rigid rotor assembly, this rotor assembly having rigid arms rigidly attached to the rotor, this rotor being called the last shock impacting rotor;
-whereby after the last shock impacting rotor there is the said lower bearing;
-the rock pulverizing system comprising in continuation:
-a cylindrical drum having a diameter of 80-100 inch placed inside the rigid frame so that their axes of symmetry coincident, the cylindrical drum having an upper part and a lower part;
-whereby the vertical rigid shaft is placed with its axis in the centre of the said frame and drum;
-whereby the position of each rigid rotor being adjustable along the vertical shaft by the said adjusting/fixing means;
-a bell like cover covering the lower bearing placed on the lower part of the rigid rectangular frame;
-a disk like dust protection object fixed on the vertical shaft immediately above the lower bearing and above the bell like cover-when the shaft rotates, the disk like dust protection object centrifugates away any dust close to the lower bearing;
-also placed on the lower part there is a wedge like dust deflector attached rigidly to the bell like cover and to the rigid rectangular frame assembly;
-whereby the cylindrical drum having at the upper part a cover, with a circular opening through which the vertical shaft is passing, also the cylindrical drum having a rectangular opening called the inlet opening;
-a cone shaped chute placed inside and at the upper part a of the drum with the large diameter placed on the cover and the lower diameter being oriented downwards, that is the cone shaped chute is oriented with the virtual tip of the cone downwards, so that the inclined surface of the cone shaped chute is making an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical wall of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the diameter of the rigid circular plate is equal or slightly larger than the small diameter of the cone shaped chute;
-whereby the rigid circular plate is placed at a certain distance from the cone shaped chute this distance being bigger than the maximum size of the rock to be pulverized;
-in continuation, the rock pulverizing system comprising: 6 to 8 vertical deflecting/impacting elements -these elements being in form of angle irons placed with the corner to the inside of the cylindrical drum and with the wings on the inner vertical surface of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the inner surface of the cylindrical drum and the deflecting impacting elements being plated with replaceable shock and abrasive resistant wear plates ;
-whereby the tips of the arms of the second rotor being distanced from the corner of the deflecting/impacting elements, with at least 1 inch;
-also the rock pulverizing system containing: another cone shaped metal sheet directing element similar with the cone shaped chute, having the same larger diameter, having also an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical, placed in a similar way with the cone shaped chute but having the inner diameter larger, the height of this cone shaped directing element being equal with the height of the angle deflecting/impacting elements measured on the radius of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the lower edge of the tips of the second rotor being 1/4" higher than the inner edge corresponding with the smaller diameter of the directing cone shaped element;
-whereby the vertical angle deflecting/impacting elements being interrupted/
discontinued in the areas where the tips of the first impacting rotor are, so that the said tips are passing through the space of deflecting/impacting elements, the said tips being distanced within an inch from the inner surface of the cylindrical drum, and one inch from the deflecting/impacting elements, that is, these tips have in the moment when they pass through the cut trough the deflecting impacting elements a distance of one inch to the immediate surrounding objects(the drum, etc);
-also the rock pulverizing system containing: another cone shaped metal sheet directing element similar with the cone shaped chute, having the same larger diameter, having also an angle of degrees with the vertical, placed in a similar way with the cone shaped chute but having the inner diameter larger, the height of this cone shaped directing element being equal with the height of the angle deflecting /impacting elements measured on the radius of the cylindrical drum;
-whereby the lower edge of the tips of the last rotor being with 1/4" higher than the inner edge corresponding with the smaller diameter of the directing element;
-whereby the tips of the arms of the last rotor being distanced from the corner of the deflecting/impacting elements with at least one inch;
-whereby immediately under the cylindrical drum there is an open receiving space or plenum chamber ending directly on a belt conveyor, so that the pulverized material is totally contained when it is getting out of the machine;
-also at the upper part of the vertical shaft being a belt pulley;
-an electric motor with belt pulley;
-belts;
-whereby the electric motor is driving the belts and the pulley, the shaft;
-an enclosed conveyor with an enclosed hood connected to the inlet opening;
-whereby the arms of the rotors are plated with replaceable impact/abrasive resistant plates facing the direction of movement;
-whereby the arms of the rotors have a portion of them machined on both sides with inclined walls with angles of 5 degrees from vertical;
-whereby the rotors having recesses with inclined walls at 5 degrees from vertical;
-whereby the arms of the rotors are fixed to the rotors with screws ,the arms being placed in the milled recesses with inclined walls;
-an enclosed bottom hood, sealing the dust against the belt conveyor, with rubber lips and rubber flaps so that the dust is unable to get out from the pulverizer space;
2.Rock pulverizing system as in claim 1 characterized by the fact that is working as follows:
The enclosed conveyor is bringing the material to be pulverized or the rock to the inlet opening; the rock is entering in the drum via the inlet opening ;the electric motor and pulley drive the shaft at 1000-1100 rpm via the pulley at the upper part of the vertical shaft generating tip speeds of the rotors no more than 100 m/s; the rock is falling on the cone shaped chute; the rock is falling on the circular plate ,where is centrifugated by Coriolis forces to the periphery of the drum against the vertical deflecting/impacting elements ;then the material is presented to the tips of the first shock impacting rotor which is imparting the first shock blows at cca 100 m/s (cca 300 feet per second) to the incoming rocks; in the moment of impact, multidirectional cracks are initiated-and the cracks are propagated almost with the speed of sound in the rock(2000-4000 m/s)-so in thousands of a second the rock is split in small pieces by the shock waves initiated by the arms; also the tips of the arms of the first shock impacting rotor are passing through the said cut through the deflecting impacting elements so that any rock being there will be shock impacted and sheared; the generated small fragments of rock are recoiled against the deflecting vertical bars and against the cone shaped chute and against the incoming larger pieces of rock continuing to come from upstream; the split pieces continue to fall under the influence of gravity but being however airborne; the rock fragments are passing over the tips of the first rotor and after impacting against the vertical deflectors are forced to remain for a while inside the space between the first and the second rotors; because of the fact that between the rotor tips and the drum is a small gap-in this case 1 inch the rock fragments are forced by the centrifugal and aerodynamic forces to do a statistic recoiling and sonic breaking combining the effects of self impacting, direct impacting and shock wave cracking, the whole aero and material mass in the space between rotors having over 16 rotations per second and peripheral speeds of up to 100 m/s and centrifugal and Coriolis accelerations in the range of 1000 g and shock acceleration in excess of 10,000g; it is also important to note that for the heaviest rock the flying airspeed is cca 35 m/s-in this case we have in excess of 100 m/s at the periphery; the material recoiled in the middle will have the tendency to fall on the rotor but will be immediately centrifugated by strong Coriolis forces in the rotor tips area where severe shocks will be administered and the cracking process will be continued; the experience proved that the above gaps, speeds and diameters will assure the pulverization of the material to small size and having cca 1-2 % isolated 1/2 -3/4 inch splinters; these splinters will pass to the second compartment associated with the second shock impacting rotor where the process continues; the experiments proved that one main rotor is enough to provide 200- 300 mesh sizing; however, there is a last compartment formed between the last main rotor and the last rotor where the pulverized material is centrifugated to the periphery of the drum impacting and jumping over the vertical deflectors; the gravity will move this layer down slowly but immediately when it reaches the tips of the last impacting rotor the pulverized material is recoiled violently against the cone shaped directing element bringing the material back in the impacting pulverizing area; we have altogether here the following phenomena: a gravitational field assuring the down movement, a fluidic diode effect caused by the cone shaped elements also assuring a down drafty movement, a flying aerodynamic field making all particles to be airborne-to fly a strong centrifugal field making the particles to be pushed to the periphery of the drum and to be forced to be recoiled by the internal architecture of the drum and the deflecting vertical bars ,also a combination of the above ,a rotational thoroidal vortex with the symmetry axis coincident with the axis of the rotating shaft, this vortex being created by the air and material flow pushed by the centrifugal forces against the walls and the cone shaped elements; this complex kinematic spectra happening because the material and air are centrifugated by the arms and when is reaching the cone shaped elements they go up against the wall and then, when is reaching the underside part of the upper cone shaped element, they are directed down against the arms or in the space around the tips of the arms, at the same time there is a circular trail of vortexes at the tips of the arms created by the fact that the particles of rock and the air in the boundary layer close to the wall of the drum tends to remain behind but the air and the particles at the tips of the arms are violently entrained by the fast moving boundary layer associated with the tips; also the angle irons deflectors are bringing the material back in the boundary layer associated with the tips, in the process the material is impacted against the material in a dynamic way which is amplifying the comminution and pulverization; mean time because of the gravity, because of the said fluidic diode effect of the cone shaped elements, and because of a slight draft created by the movement of the belt conveyor the pulverized material will fall in the settling area above the belt conveyor; this settling area is totally sealed by the lips; the pulverized material is evacuated by the belt conveyor ;a supplementary sealing is assured by the rubber flaps at the exit of the belt conveyor; in this way the whole system is sealed at the inlet and at the outlet and the belt conveyor movement and the cone shaped elements in the drum make the air to move unidirectional that is in a downdraft mode creating a slight negative pressure inside the drum which is contributing to the dust abatement.
The enclosed conveyor is bringing the material to be pulverized or the rock to the inlet opening; the rock is entering in the drum via the inlet opening ;the electric motor and pulley drive the shaft at 1000-1100 rpm via the pulley at the upper part of the vertical shaft generating tip speeds of the rotors no more than 100 m/s; the rock is falling on the cone shaped chute; the rock is falling on the circular plate ,where is centrifugated by Coriolis forces to the periphery of the drum against the vertical deflecting/impacting elements ;then the material is presented to the tips of the first shock impacting rotor which is imparting the first shock blows at cca 100 m/s (cca 300 feet per second) to the incoming rocks; in the moment of impact, multidirectional cracks are initiated-and the cracks are propagated almost with the speed of sound in the rock(2000-4000 m/s)-so in thousands of a second the rock is split in small pieces by the shock waves initiated by the arms; also the tips of the arms of the first shock impacting rotor are passing through the said cut through the deflecting impacting elements so that any rock being there will be shock impacted and sheared; the generated small fragments of rock are recoiled against the deflecting vertical bars and against the cone shaped chute and against the incoming larger pieces of rock continuing to come from upstream; the split pieces continue to fall under the influence of gravity but being however airborne; the rock fragments are passing over the tips of the first rotor and after impacting against the vertical deflectors are forced to remain for a while inside the space between the first and the second rotors; because of the fact that between the rotor tips and the drum is a small gap-in this case 1 inch the rock fragments are forced by the centrifugal and aerodynamic forces to do a statistic recoiling and sonic breaking combining the effects of self impacting, direct impacting and shock wave cracking, the whole aero and material mass in the space between rotors having over 16 rotations per second and peripheral speeds of up to 100 m/s and centrifugal and Coriolis accelerations in the range of 1000 g and shock acceleration in excess of 10,000g; it is also important to note that for the heaviest rock the flying airspeed is cca 35 m/s-in this case we have in excess of 100 m/s at the periphery; the material recoiled in the middle will have the tendency to fall on the rotor but will be immediately centrifugated by strong Coriolis forces in the rotor tips area where severe shocks will be administered and the cracking process will be continued; the experience proved that the above gaps, speeds and diameters will assure the pulverization of the material to small size and having cca 1-2 % isolated 1/2 -3/4 inch splinters; these splinters will pass to the second compartment associated with the second shock impacting rotor where the process continues; the experiments proved that one main rotor is enough to provide 200- 300 mesh sizing; however, there is a last compartment formed between the last main rotor and the last rotor where the pulverized material is centrifugated to the periphery of the drum impacting and jumping over the vertical deflectors; the gravity will move this layer down slowly but immediately when it reaches the tips of the last impacting rotor the pulverized material is recoiled violently against the cone shaped directing element bringing the material back in the impacting pulverizing area; we have altogether here the following phenomena: a gravitational field assuring the down movement, a fluidic diode effect caused by the cone shaped elements also assuring a down drafty movement, a flying aerodynamic field making all particles to be airborne-to fly a strong centrifugal field making the particles to be pushed to the periphery of the drum and to be forced to be recoiled by the internal architecture of the drum and the deflecting vertical bars ,also a combination of the above ,a rotational thoroidal vortex with the symmetry axis coincident with the axis of the rotating shaft, this vortex being created by the air and material flow pushed by the centrifugal forces against the walls and the cone shaped elements; this complex kinematic spectra happening because the material and air are centrifugated by the arms and when is reaching the cone shaped elements they go up against the wall and then, when is reaching the underside part of the upper cone shaped element, they are directed down against the arms or in the space around the tips of the arms, at the same time there is a circular trail of vortexes at the tips of the arms created by the fact that the particles of rock and the air in the boundary layer close to the wall of the drum tends to remain behind but the air and the particles at the tips of the arms are violently entrained by the fast moving boundary layer associated with the tips; also the angle irons deflectors are bringing the material back in the boundary layer associated with the tips, in the process the material is impacted against the material in a dynamic way which is amplifying the comminution and pulverization; mean time because of the gravity, because of the said fluidic diode effect of the cone shaped elements, and because of a slight draft created by the movement of the belt conveyor the pulverized material will fall in the settling area above the belt conveyor; this settling area is totally sealed by the lips; the pulverized material is evacuated by the belt conveyor ;a supplementary sealing is assured by the rubber flaps at the exit of the belt conveyor; in this way the whole system is sealed at the inlet and at the outlet and the belt conveyor movement and the cone shaped elements in the drum make the air to move unidirectional that is in a downdraft mode creating a slight negative pressure inside the drum which is contributing to the dust abatement.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002147666A CA2147666A1 (en) | 1995-04-24 | 1995-04-24 | Rock pulverizer system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002147666A CA2147666A1 (en) | 1995-04-24 | 1995-04-24 | Rock pulverizer system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2147666A1 true CA2147666A1 (en) | 1996-10-25 |
Family
ID=4155705
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002147666A Abandoned CA2147666A1 (en) | 1995-04-24 | 1995-04-24 | Rock pulverizer system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2147666A1 (en) |
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