CA2144956A1 - Process for preparing pure podophyllotoxin - Google Patents
Process for preparing pure podophyllotoxinInfo
- Publication number
- CA2144956A1 CA2144956A1 CA002144956A CA2144956A CA2144956A1 CA 2144956 A1 CA2144956 A1 CA 2144956A1 CA 002144956 A CA002144956 A CA 002144956A CA 2144956 A CA2144956 A CA 2144956A CA 2144956 A1 CA2144956 A1 CA 2144956A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- podophyllotoxin
- crystals
- solvent
- process according
- aromatic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- YJGVMLPVUAXIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N epipodophyllotoxin Natural products COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(C2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3C(O)C3C2C(OC3)=O)=C1 YJGVMLPVUAXIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- YVCVYCSAAZQOJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N podophyllotoxin Natural products COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3C(O)C3C2C(OC3)=O)=C1 YVCVYCSAAZQOJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 229960001237 podophyllotoxin Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- YJGVMLPVUAXIQN-XVVDYKMHSA-N podophyllotoxin Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@H](O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 YJGVMLPVUAXIQN-XVVDYKMHSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- -1 podophyllotoxin compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)O MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 8
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCC(C)O JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- AQIXEPGDORPWBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)CC AQIXEPGDORPWBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl acetate Chemical compound CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical compound C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000332 continued effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000518994 Conta Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960004592 isopropanol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 206010059313 Anogenital warts Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000000907 Condylomata Acuminata Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001460 carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethylbenzene Natural products CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010103 Podophyllin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001495452 Podophyllum Species 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQXNTAIEPXSPBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quercetin 3,3'-dimethyl ether 4'-isovalerate Chemical compound C1=C(OC(=O)CC(C)C)C(OC)=CC(C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O)C=C(O)C=C3O2)OC)=C1 ZQXNTAIEPXSPBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N etoposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@H](C)OC[C@H]4O3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-dimethylbenzene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229960005335 propanol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- NRUKOCRGYNPUPR-QBPJDGROSA-N teniposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@@H](OC[C@H]4O3)C=3SC=CC=3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 NRUKOCRGYNPUPR-QBPJDGROSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVMSFILGAMDHEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonylpyridin-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=N1 XVMSFILGAMDHEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000221860 Podophyllum emodi Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000236480 Podophyllum peltatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000025009 anogenital human papillomavirus infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000004201 anogenital venereal wart Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940041181 antineoplastic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004695 complexes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940127089 cytotoxic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005264 electron capture Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006345 epimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005420 etoposide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930013686 lignan Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000005692 lignans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000009408 lignans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001278 teniposide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D493/04—Ortho-condensed systems
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/960,102 US5315016A (en) | 1992-10-13 | 1992-10-13 | Process for preparing pure podophyllotoxin |
| US07/960,102 | 1992-10-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2144956A1 true CA2144956A1 (en) | 1994-04-28 |
Family
ID=25502797
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002144956A Abandoned CA2144956A1 (en) | 1992-10-13 | 1993-09-29 | Process for preparing pure podophyllotoxin |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5315016A (no) |
| EP (1) | EP0664809A1 (no) |
| JP (1) | JPH08500840A (no) |
| CN (1) | CN1099031A (no) |
| AU (1) | AU5108293A (no) |
| CA (1) | CA2144956A1 (no) |
| FI (1) | FI951723A (no) |
| NO (1) | NO951421L (no) |
| WO (1) | WO1994009008A1 (no) |
| ZA (1) | ZA937165B (no) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1995031437A1 (en) | 1994-05-18 | 1995-11-23 | Hoechst Marrion Roussel, Inc. | Processes for preparing anhydrous and hydrate forms of antihistaminic piperidine derivatives, polymorphs and pseudormophs thereof |
| CA2784131C (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2017-07-11 | Hetero Research Foundation | Polymorphs of darunavir |
| CA2799762C (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2018-03-06 | Hetero Research Foundation | Crystalline hydrochloride salt of darunavir |
| CN104098583B (zh) * | 2013-04-09 | 2018-02-02 | 中国医学科学院药物研究所 | 鬼臼毒素晶x型物质及制备方法和其药物组合物与用途 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8424269D0 (en) * | 1984-09-26 | 1984-10-31 | Pharma Medica As | Isolation and purification of podophyllotoxin |
| EP0316964B1 (en) * | 1984-09-26 | 1991-05-29 | pHarma-medica a-s | Process for the purification of podophyllotoxin |
| US5057616A (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1991-10-15 | Oclassen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Podophyllotoxin purification process |
-
1992
- 1992-10-13 US US07/960,102 patent/US5315016A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-09-27 ZA ZA937165A patent/ZA937165B/xx unknown
- 1993-09-29 JP JP6509520A patent/JPH08500840A/ja active Pending
- 1993-09-29 CA CA002144956A patent/CA2144956A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-09-29 AU AU51082/93A patent/AU5108293A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-09-29 WO PCT/DK1993/000313 patent/WO1994009008A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-09-29 EP EP93921834A patent/EP0664809A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-10-13 CN CN93114855A patent/CN1099031A/zh active Pending
-
1995
- 1995-04-11 NO NO951421A patent/NO951421L/no unknown
- 1995-04-11 FI FI951723A patent/FI951723A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO951421D0 (no) | 1995-04-11 |
| NO951421L (no) | 1995-04-11 |
| FI951723A0 (fi) | 1995-04-11 |
| US5315016A (en) | 1994-05-24 |
| WO1994009008A1 (en) | 1994-04-28 |
| JPH08500840A (ja) | 1996-01-30 |
| FI951723A (fi) | 1995-04-11 |
| EP0664809A1 (en) | 1995-08-02 |
| AU5108293A (en) | 1994-05-09 |
| CN1099031A (zh) | 1995-02-22 |
| ZA937165B (en) | 1994-05-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 19980929 |