CA2142532A1 - Multi-powered aerial lift vehicle - Google Patents
Multi-powered aerial lift vehicleInfo
- Publication number
- CA2142532A1 CA2142532A1 CA 2142532 CA2142532A CA2142532A1 CA 2142532 A1 CA2142532 A1 CA 2142532A1 CA 2142532 CA2142532 CA 2142532 CA 2142532 A CA2142532 A CA 2142532A CA 2142532 A1 CA2142532 A1 CA 2142532A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- electrical
- motor
- distribution system
- combination
- recited
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F11/00—Lifting devices specially adapted for particular uses not otherwise provided for
- B66F11/04—Lifting devices specially adapted for particular uses not otherwise provided for for movable platforms or cabins, e.g. on vehicles, permitting workmen to place themselves in any desired position for carrying out required operations
- B66F11/044—Working platforms suspended from booms
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
An aerial lift truck comprising a wheeled framed vehicle such as a truck along with a moveable boom assembly mounted thereon and wherein said boom assembly is hydraulically operated. Said boom assembly along with the other hydraulically operated devices located on said truck derive their hydraulic energy requirements from a pump or pumps driven by the truck's main engine or by a secondary power unit.
The secondary power unit comprises an electric motor, which is suitably controlled, protected, and supplied electrically for the operation desired and where the electrical energy requirements, of the secondary power unit, are supplied by suitable electrical conducting cable suitably attached by electrical clamps to the electrical distribution system or grid.
The secondary power unit comprises an electric motor, which is suitably controlled, protected, and supplied electrically for the operation desired and where the electrical energy requirements, of the secondary power unit, are supplied by suitable electrical conducting cable suitably attached by electrical clamps to the electrical distribution system or grid.
Description
1 Case-3 9 Patent Application of Robert V. Marcon 11 for 14 Background-Field of Invention This invention relates to aerial lift trucks and more 16 particularly to the primary and secondary power sources used to 17 drive the hydraulic pump or pumps which supply the lifting boom 18 and the other hydraulically operated devices, located on said 19 truck, with their hydraulic energy requirements.
21 Back~L~.d-Description of Prior Art 22 Originally lift trucks were not constructed with a multi-23 power capability and, therefore, relied mostly on the truck's 24 internal combustion engine as the main power unit used to drive the hydraulic pumps, which in turn supplied the hydraulic 26 systems on the vehicle.
27 Since the engine always remained on in order to provide, 28 when called upon, the necessary hydraulic power to the lift or 29 other equipment, a great deal of fuel consumption, exhaust pollution, noise, vibration, engine wear and break downs were 31 noted.
32 The idea, therefore, that a secondary power unit, smaller 33 and more economical than the truck primary or main engine, 34 could be used to power the hydraulic systems, resulted in a vehicle that was constructed with a small secondary internal 36 combustion engine which allowed the main engine to be turned 37 off.
21425~2 38 This reduced fuel consumption, noise and vibration, but it 39 did not eliminate it. Main engine maintenance and breakdowns were also significantly reduced, however, the now continuously 41 running secondary engine, required substantially increased 42 service and maintenance efforts.
43 Consequently, another approach was taken to further reduce 44 the general waste and pollution inherent in internal combustion engines. This approach resulted in the use of a direct current 46 electric motor whose electric power requirements were supplied 47 by batteries. These motors are clean, efficient, silent, and 48 therefore, eliminated many of the inferior attributes 49 associated with the internal combustion engine. An example of such an invention is described fully by the U.S. Patent 4037684 51 granted to Moyer and Patton, 1977 July 26.
52 However, while succeeding in some aspects, this 53 arrangement created other problems which were not present in 54 the previous designs for a secondary power unit. These problems, some of which are quite substantial, include:
56 (a) Batteries are expensive;
57 (b) Batteries provide another failure point;
58 (c) Batteries lose up to two thirds of their charge when 59 cold;
(d) Batteries need maintenance and recharging facilities;
61 (e) Batteries require long recharge times which hamper 62 efficient vehicle usage;
63 (f) Batteries have a fairly short service life;
64 (g) Batteries are very heavy in weight and must be carried or towed;
66 (h) Batteries can be toxic;
67 (i) Batteries, when worn, must be disposed of safely;
68 (j) Batteries can be a safety or explosion hazard.
Therefore, the new invention described within this 71 disclosure addresses the problems discussed above and provides 72 a more effective solution for an optimal secondary power unit.
74 Objects and Advantages 2142~32 Accordingly, the invention disclosed herein overcomes many 76 of the drawbacks listed in the prior art, while also providing 77 a more reliable, simpler and inexpensive operation.
78 Therefore, the objects and advantages of this new 79 invention are:
(a) To provide a secondary power unit to drive the 81 hydraulic systems of the vehicle;
82 (b) To provide a secondary power unit which uses an 83 electric motor;
84 (c) To provide a secondary power unit which does not use batteries, as the power source, to supply the 86 electric motor.
87 (d) To provide a secondary power unit which is more 88 reliable than existing systems;
89 (e) To provide a secondary power unit which does not emit atmospheric pollution;
91 (f) To provide a secondary power unit which is economical 92 and relatively inexpensive to install and operate;
93 (g) To provide a secondary power unit which does not 94 require the disposal of toxic substances such as those found in batteries and motor oils.
97 Summary 98 The present invention provides for an aerial lift truck 99 which includes at least one hydraulic pump which is driven by 100 either a primary or a secondary power unit for the operation of 101 the hydraulic system. The primary power unit consists of the 102 truck's internal combustion engine. The secondary power unit 103 consists of either a direct current motor, supplied by either 104 an actual direct current electricity source or by the 105 conversion of an alternating current source into a direct 106 current by a rectifier. Additionally, alternating current 107 motors which are single or multi-voltage rated and single or 108 multi-phase rated can be used. While alternating current 109 motors can be supplied from an alternating current source they 110 can also be supplied from a direct current source whose 111 electricity has been converted to an alternating current by an 112 inverter.
113 The motors, that are used, are then supplied with 114 electricity from an electrical distribution system or grid 115 which are located on roads or the like. A grounded or 116 ungrounded cable conducting the necessary electrical energy at117 the required voltage in single or multi-phase alternating 118 current or as a direct current is used to transmit the 119 electricity from the electrical distribution system to the 120 aerial lift truck where it is terminated in a suitable 121 enclosure or control box.
122 The control circuitry within the enclosure then provides 123 the necessary control and protection of the vehicle motors and124 systems, and from any backfeeds or surges of high voltage or 125 current into the electrical distribution system and from any 126 surges of high voltage or current into the vehicle from the 127 distribution system. The secondary motor, therefore, is 128 thoroughly protected as is the vehicle and distribution system.
129 Take note that vehicle and personnel safety are always 130 foremost in any and all designs, whether that design be a 131 single power unit or multi in nature. The vehicle body should 132 be grounded to earth in the rare occurrence that a live 133 electrical wire falls upon the vehicle and creates the 134 possibility of electrocution.
135 Another added personnel safety feature is the protection 136 of the incoming electrical cable with ground fault circuit 137 breakers. By placing these breakers within a suitable junction138 box between the distribution system wires and vehicle, ground 139 fault protection can be achieved from that point onward.
140 The advantages inherent in this system are very impressive 141 and some are summarized below:
142 (a) Electric motors are very efficient and small;
143 (b) Electric motors are more reliable than internal 144 combustion engines in their longevity and operational 145 failure rates;
146 (c) Electric motors are less expensive when compared to 147 internal combustion engines in their initial capital148 expenditures, use and maintenance;
149 (d) The present invention uses a system which eliminates 150 the need for batteries and their inherent 151 disadvantages;
152 (e) The present invention eliminates all atmospheric air 153 pollution and toxic waste that had been created in 154 the past by the secondary power unit;
155 (f) The present invention eliminates the need for a 156 recharging or refuelling time associated with the 157 secondary power unit;
158 (g) The present invention is very quiet while in 159 operation.
161 Although the preceding descriptions contain many 162 specificities, these should not be construed as limiting the 163 scope of the invention but merely providing illustrations of 164 some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention 165 and thus, the scope of the invention should be determined by 166 the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by 167 the examples given.
169 Brief Description of the Drawings 170 Figure 1 is a side view of the aerial lift truck with the 171 secondary power unit attached to the underside of said truck.
172 Figure 2 is a perspective view of the aerial lift truck, 173 connected to the electrical distribution system of a utility, 174 and ready for operation.
175 Figure 3 is a detailed perspective view of the electrical 176 connection and support of the electrical feed cable.
177 Figure 4 is another detailed perspective view of the 178 electrical connections and support of the electrical feed 179 cable.
180 Figure 5 is an electrical schematic of the feed and 181 control circuit of the invention.
182 Figure 6 is a schematic of the hydraulic system and power 183 units for the operation of the aerial lift truck.
184 Figure 7 is another schematic of the hydraulic system and 185 power units for the operation of the aerial lift truck.
186 Figure 8 is yet another schematic of the hydraulic system 187 and power units for the operation of the aerial lift truck.
188 Figure 9 is the final schematic of the hydraulic system 189 and power units for the operation of the aerial lift truck 191 List of Reference Numerals In Drawings 192 Note, that throughout this disclosure like numbered 193 referenced numerals refer to similar parts, equipment or 194 assemblies.
195 10. multi-powered aerial lift truck 196 12. a truck 197 14. moveable boom assembly 198 16. horizontally rotatable support apparatus 199 18. first boom 200 20. second boom 201 22. bucket device 202 24. electric motor, (secondary power unit) 203 26. secondary hydraulic pump 204 28. first hydraulic cylinder 205 30. second hydraulic cylinder 206 32. hydraulic hoist 207 34. electrical feed cable 208 36. electrical distribution system or grid 209 38. support pole 210 40. support cross arm (small) 211 42. support cross arm (large) 212 44. transformer number 1 213 46. transformer number 2 214 48. high voltage power distribution wire, phase 1 215 50. high voltage power distribution wire, phase 2 216 52. high voltage power distribution wire, phase 3 217 54. low voltage secondary distribution wire 218 56. low voltage secondary distribution wire 219 58. low voltage secondary distribution neutral wire 220 60. cable holding straps 221 62. cable junction box 222 64. connection junction box 223 66. electrical clamp 224 68. mid span connector 225 70. truck electrical control console 226 72. truck supply cable 227 74. varistor 228 76. disconnect switch 229 78. overcurrent fuse 230 80. an overload 231 82. a normally open contact 232 84. a primary starting resistor 233 86. a control transformer 234 88. a control circuit fuse 235 90. a normally closed contact 236 92. a normally closed stop switch 237 94. a normally open start switch 238 96. a standard control relay 239 98. a time delay control relay 240 100. primary engine hydraulic pump 241 102. mechanical or electrical operated clutch 242 104. primary power unit hydraulic line 243 106. primary check valve 244 108. relief valve 245 110. secondary power unit hydraulic line 246 112. secondary check valve 247 114. secondary power unit auxiliary or tandem pump 248 116. coupling 249 118. offset box 250 120. secondary power unit clutch 252 Description of the Preferred Embodiments 253 The multi-powered aerial lift truck of this invention and 254 as seen in Figure One is referred to generally by the reference 255 numeral 10 and comprises a wheeled frame vehicle such as a 256 truck 12 and having a hoist means, such as a moveable boom 257 assembly 14 mounted thereon. Boom assembly 14 generally 258 consists of a horizontally rotatable support apparatus 16 upon 259 which is attached a first boom 18. While the first end of the 2l92s32 260 first boom 18 is attached to the support apparatus 16 the 261 second end is attached to a second boom 20. At the free or 262 second end of the second boom 20 is attached a bucket means 263 comprising one or more bucket devices 22 in which an operator 264 or workman can stand and be transported to an elevated location 265 by the vertically moveable booms 18 and 20 or the horizontally 266 moveable support apparatus 16.
267 Generally the moveable boom assembly 14 is a hydraulically 268 operated device and as with all other hydraulically operated 269 devices, such as outriggers, cylinders, hoists and others, 270 which may be located on the lift truck 10, the hydraulic power 271 that they require will be derived from an engine or motor 272 driving one or more hydraulic pumps individually or in tandem.
273 Figure 1 shows a motor 24, a hydraulic pump 26, hydraulic 274 cylinders 28 and 30 and a hydraulic hoist 32.
275 Throughout this disclosure the term engine will refer to 276 an internal combustion or turbine engine and the term motor 277 will refer to an electrical motor.
278 Note also that the terms box, enclosure and housing can be 279 interchanged throughout this disclosure.
280 Therefore, the invention disclosed of herein uses a 281 primary or first power unit or primary or prime mover 282 comprising the vehicle engine, not shown, and a secondary power 283 unit comprising the motor 24. The prime mover is used to move 284 the vehicle to a desired work location where, if needed, it can 285 then be used to make the hoist or apparatus means operable.
286 The prime mover, when desired, can also be turned off and the 287 motor 24 can then be used to make the hoist or apparatus means 288 operable.
289 The motor 24, used in the vehicle, can be constructed so 290 that it is single or multi-voltage rated and single or multi-291 phase rated. Multi-speed or multi-frequency rated motors, 292 possessing the characteristics just mentioned above are also 293 available and can be used. Universal motors, which can operate 294 on different frequencies and on alternating or direct current, 295 are also available and can be used. Although a universal motor 296 would work, its limited availability in the larger horsepower 297 sizes would prohibit its practical use in the disclosed 298 invention.
299 When a multi-voltage rated motor is selected it has the 300 inherent benefit of being able to operate on more than one 301 voltage and so offers a greater flexibility in the aerial 302 truck's area of operation.
303 While alternating current motors can be supplied from an 304 alternating current source they can also be supplied from a 305 direct current source whose electricity has been converted to 306 an alternating current by an inverter. An inverter, not shown,307 is a device commonly used for such tasks. This allows an 308 alternating current motor to be used in the bulk of the work 309 where alternating current is available and then, if needed, the 310 inverter can be switched on to change a direct current source 311 into an alternating current for the motor's use.
312 There may at times be a need for an aerial lift truck 313 which offers even greater flexibility, such as a truck with an314 alternating current motor and a direct current motor. This 315 would allow greater flexibility in the sources of supply power316 for truck 10 operations.
317 Direct current motors can also be purchased and they can 318 also be used, however, due to the limited availability of a 319 direct current distribution system, which would have to be used 320 to supply these motors, it can be seen that the practicality of 321 using this motor type would be inappropriate. However, to 322 compensate for the lack of a suitable direct current 323 distribution system a direct current power supply or rectifier, 324 not shown, and matched to the electrical requirement of the 325 motor used, would have to be constructed. This could be 326 fabricated and placed upon the aerial lift truck 10, or any 327 other convenient locale, thus allowing an alternating current 328 feed from the utility's distribution system or grid to power 329 the direct current motor by converting the feed power to direct 330 current by way of a rectifier.
331 An additional benefit of using a direct current power 332 supply or rectifier on truck 10 is that if it is the same 333 voltage as the truck's electrical system, it can be used to 334 supply direct current power to the truck's electrical devices,335 such as lights, horns, radios and other loads on or off the 336 truck 10. Should the rectifier and truck 10 voltages differ, 337 a secondary electrical tap can be taken off the rectifier to 338 equal the electrical system voltage used by truck 10. Also 339 note, that if the secondary power unit 24 uses solely 340 alternating current, then a small separate direct current 341 rectifier can be used to supply the truck's direct current 342 needs on or off the truck 10.
343 Referring now to figure 2, said motor 24 derives its 344 electrical energy requirements by using a cable 34, which is 345 attached electrically and using suitable electrical clamps to 346 an electrical source means, such as an electrical distribution347 system or grid 36, of the local electrical utility or a 348 separate electrical power source such as an electrical 349 generator or fuel cell.
350 Cable 34 can take various forms. It can, for example, 351 consist of individual insulated wires which are wound together352 and then encased in an insulative material to form essentially353 one cable. They can also, be left as individual wires, which 354 when properly insulated for their use and task, will function 355 adequately.
356 Still referring to figure 2, the electrical distribution 357 system 36 is shown and wherein its composition consists of a 358 box type construction with a support pole 38, support arms 40 359 and 42, transformers 44 and 46, high voltage primary 360 distribution wires 48, 50 and 52 and low voltage secondary 361 distribution wires 54, 56 and a neutral wire 58.
362 The distribution system provided by the local utility has363 a variety of alternating current voltages available. These 364 secondary wires on the distribution system may provide various365 nominal voltage values which can be 120, 208, 240, 347, 440, 366 600 and others in single and or multi-phase, but, rarely in a 367 direct current type. However, the most common voltages 368 available are 120 and 240 volts, single phase.
369 Take note that the type of electrical distribution 370 described above is for illustration purposes only. Other types 371 of construction are frequently used by electrical utilities but 372 in all cases the cable 34 which feeds the aerial lift truck 10 373 is always attached to the low voltage secondary distribution 374 wires which in general are under 750 volts.
375 Referring now to figure 2, cable 34, which feeds the 376 aerial lift truck 10 with power supplied by the distribution 377 system 36, can be constructed or made operational in a very 378 simple manner. The first end of cable 34 is connected to the 379 electrical control console or box 70, located on the aerial 380 lift truck 10. Located within this control console 70 is the 381 protection and control circuitry needed to operate the 382 secondary power unit 24 and any other equipment or device which 383 derives its power from the low voltage secondary distribution 384 system.
385 Once the electrical hook-up, for the first end, of cable 386 34 to the console 70 is completed then the second or free end 387 of cable 34 can now be connected to the low voltage secondary 388 distribution system.
389 Therefore, to supply the motor 24, with its power needs, 390 the truck's prime mover, in the aerial lift truck 10, is used 391 to power the hydraulic pumps allowing an operator to be raised 392 in bucket 22 by a moveable boom assembly 14 in order to 393 facilitate the connecting, using suitable clamps, of an 394 appropriate outdoor electrical cable 34 to the secondary 395 distribution system wires 54, 56 and 58.
396 The electrical taps as seen in figure 2 are a simple and 397 straight forward connection onto the wires by first removing 398 the insulation, if any, and then using standard electrical 399 connectors to fix or attach the electrical cable 34 firmly onto 400 the distribution wires.
401 Now that cable 34 is connected, the truck's prime mover 402 can be turned off and the secondary power unit 24 can be turned 403 on. Unit 24 will now power the hydraulic pumps on truck 10 404 and, therefore, make the boom assembly 14 along with the other 405 hydraulically powered devices, operable.
406 Once the task to be performed by the aerial lift truck 10, 407 is completed, cable 34 can be easily removed by disconnecting ~1~2532 408 the clamps on the distribution wires and placing, where needed, 409 small tubular rubber or plastic insulators over that part of 410 the distribution wires where the insulation had been removed in 411 order to make the electrical tap.
412 Cable 34, where needed, can be held more securely in place 413 on pole 38 by the addition of one or more cable holding straps, 414 60. These straps can be made of rope, rubber, plastic and any 415 other suitable and preferably non-conducting materials. Cable 416 holding straps 60 or mid span connector 68, as seen in figures417 3 and 4, can also be used to help support cable 34 and wires 418 54, 56 and 58. These support apparatus and the like help to 419 relieve the stain that may be placed on the electrical clamps 420 66 and or cable 34 and or wires 54, 56 and 58.
421 Although, not shown, the use of rugged heavy duty spring 422 loaded electrical clamps, similar to those used in automobile 423 jumper cables and the like, can also be used to facilitate the424 easier attachment or removal of cable 34 to or from the 425 secondary distribution wires respectively.
426 However, still further operational convenience can be 427 realized by the addition of one or more male and female 428 electrical plug ends which can be placed in between the cable 429 34 hook up and console 70 in order to facilitate the rapid 430 connection and disconnection of cable 34 or to easily extend 431 its length if required.
432 Additionally, cable 34 along with the electrical source 433 means and vehicle 10 can then be further safeguarded against 434 electrocution hazards, equipment damage, overcurrents and 435 overvoltages by a surge protection means selected from at least 436 one of the group comprising, fuses, circuit breakers, ground 437 fault protection and varistors.
438 This can be accomplished by a variety of methods, one of 439 which is by using fuses and circuit breakers for the protection 440 of overcurrents. Another is to use ground fault circuit 441 breakers or differential relay protection for the protection of 442 ground faults. Still another is to use varistors for the 443 protection of overvoltages.
444 A suitable junction box 62 can be used to house these 445 components and wherein junction box 62 can then be located at 446 a point along the cable where the respective overcurrent or 447 ground fault or overvoltage protection is desired to begin. An448 example is seen in figure 2.
449 If larger capacity circuit breakers are needed, then 450 smaller ampere rated circuit breakers can be electrically 451 paralleled, in order to increase the total capacity. Take note452 that these circuit breakers should, preferably, all have the 453 same ampere and voltage rating and also be fastened together so 454 that if one circuit breaker trips, all will trip.
455 Differential relay protection is a system which compares 456 incoming current to the outgoing current, at the point of 457 monitoring, and should these currents not match, the relay, 458 which incorporates the use of current transformers and a 459 contactor, will disengage the circuit. The contactor and 460 ground fault circuit breakers will also, if faulted or tripped, 461 not re-engage until the differential relay protection system or 462 circuit breakers have been reset manually by an operator.
463 This kind of differential relay protection along with 464 ground fault circuit breakers, varistors, circuit breakers, 465 fuses and other suitable types of protection can be located in466 the cable junction box 62, the cable connection box 64 or the 467 truck's electrical control console 70. Ground fault circuit 468 protection can also be extended to receptacles by simply using469 ground fault rated receptacles. These receptacles can then be 470 placed within junction box 62, 64 or console 70 or also within471 other suitable electrical boxes located, where required, on 472 truck 10 or any other convenient local.
473 Additional safety for the personnel operating and working474 on and around the aerial lift truck is by physically grounding475 the truck 10 electrically to the earth. Therefore, if a live 476 electrical line or wire should fall upon the grounded truck 10477 and thus electrify it, the grounded cable will immediately 478 ground the live cable and in doing so, blow the fuses which 479 supply that live line with power.
480 Still further safety can be realized by isolating 481 electrically from the truck 10, the secondary power unit 24 and 482 its related devices, cables and equipment. This can be 483 accomplished by using plastic, rubber or other electrically 484 insulative materials, of sufficient insulative capacity, to 485 mount the console 70, the motor 24 and any other fixture or 486 device which derives its energy from the distribution system 487 36. The couplings 116, clutches 102 and 120 and the other 488 driving devices used would also have to be constructed of 489 electrically insulative materials or provide an electrical 490 barrier to the flow of electricity from the truck 10 to the 491 secondary power unit 24. All exterior exposed parts, that 492 could provide a path for electricity, would also have to be 493 covered or protected with an insulative material. The 494 electrical system of truck 10 along with its outlets, 495 receptacles, cables and other devices would also have to be 496 electrically isolated from the electrical system of power unit497 24, console 70 and any other device or equipment using the low498 voltage secondary distribution system as an energy source.
499 Figure 2, shows a connection junction box 64 whose purpose 500 is to facilitate the quick and easy connection and removal of 501 the truck 10 supply cable 72. Cable 72 has a male type end 502 plug on one end so that it may be plugged into the 503 corresponding female receptacle located in the connection 504 junction box 64. The other end of cable 72 can either be a 505 male or female connection similar to the aforementioned design506 or a direct connection into the electrical control console 70 507 wherein console 70 provides the required protection and the 508 control of the secondary power unit 24.
509 Cables 34 and 72 can also be one long continuous wire or 510 they can be divided into smaller sections like typical 511 household extension cords so that the distance at which the 512 truck 10 can operate can be extended. Either way the result is513 the same, however, the later offers the possibility of easily 514 disconnecting or re-connecting to the truck 10 should the truck 515 be moved slightly or even needed elsewhere temporarily.
516 Referring now to figure 5 a simple control circuit, that 517 controls the secondary power unit 24 and which is located 518 within the control console 70, is disclosed.
519 The circuit uses a single phase, 240 volt electrical 520 supply, coming from cable 72. Varistors 74, are used as 521 electrical overvoltage protection in order to prevent any 522 higher voltages from backfeeding up the supply cables 34 and 72 523 and into the distribution system 36 should a high voltage line 524 accidentally fall on or touch the lift truck 10. These 525 varistors 74 also protect from overvoltages coming from the 526 distribution system 36 back into truck 10.
527 Following the varistors 74 is the disconnect switch 76, 528 which provides the electrical isolation, from the electrical 529 distribution system 36, of the aerial lift truck 10.
530 The other components, that make up the circuit disclosed 531 in figure 5, are described as follows:
532 (a) a varistor 74 533 (b) a disconnect switch 76 534 (c) an overcurrent fuse 78 535 (d) an overload 80 536 (e) a normally open contact 82 537 (f) a primary starting resistor 84 538 (g) a motor 24 539 (h) a control transformer 86 540 (i) a control circuit fuse 88 541 (j) a normally closed contact 90 542 (k) a normally closed stop switch 92 543 (l) a normally open start switch 94 544 (m) a standard control relay 96 545 (n) a time delay control relay 98 547 Circuit operation and component function are further 548 explained below. Also note that in this explanation a.c.
549 refers to alternating current, d.c. refers to direct current, 550 TD refer to time delay, n.o. refers to normally open and n.c.
551 refers to normally closed.
552 Referring still to figure 5 a closed-circuit 553 transition reduced-voltage a.c. induction motor starter circuit 554 is disclosed. In this instance, for purposes of illustration 555 only, it is used as a primary resistance starter. As shown in 556the accompanying sequence diagram, three stages of definite 557time delay are provided before the run contacts are closed.
558The 115 volt a.c. control circuit is energized through a 559control circuit transformer, and in the larger sizes, full-wave 560rectifiers are used to provide a d.c. control circuit using 561d.c. relays. The control transformer 86 may be omitted when 562the incoming electrical feed, from cable 72, has a voltage 563similar to that which is used in the control circuit as seen in 564figure 5. The time-delay relays, whether they use alternating 565or direct current, are usually of the adjustable dashpot type.
566Therefore, the starter shown in figure 5 operates in the 567following manner:
568(a) Depressing the start button energizes main and 569auxiliary contacts S in the power and control 570circuits, respectively. The motor starts with 571reduced primary voltage and current.
572(b) The a.c. dashpot time-delay relay, TD-l, energized 573through n.o. S contacts and n.c. TD-3 contacts, 574proceeds to pull its armature to a closed position.
575After a suitable time delay, relay TD-l closes its 576n.o. TD-l contacts, thus energizing time-delay relay 577 TD-2.
578(c) TD-2 also provides a time delay before it, in turn, 579energizes time-delay relay TD-3 through n.o. contacts 580TD-2 and n.c. contacts R. When, after a suitable 581time delay, TD-3 closes, it energizes line contactor 582 R.
583(d) When a.c. or d.c. line contactor R closes, it shorts 584out all primary starting resistance (in this 585instance), producing a second and smaller inrush of 586current as the motor is brought across the line. At 587the same time, auxiliary contacts R de-energize all 588the time-delay relays. Only relay S and R remain 589energized through their auxiliary interlock contacts.
591The advantages of the starter shown in figure 5 are:
592(a) It provides closed-circuit transition from start to 593run where such transition is required, as shown in 594contact sequence table of figure 4.
595(b) Each of the time-delay relays is adjustable within 596limits to provide a fairly wide range over which time 597delay may be obtained to suit the starting 598requirements dictated by the nature of the load and 599the feeders supplying the load.
600(c) Only two relays are energized during the run period.
601(d) Additional time-delay relays may be added in the 602control circuit to provide longer delays if required.
603(e) The same starter may be used equally well with 604primary resistance, reactance, autotransformers, and 605part windings for a given horsepower rating, 606depending on the size of the line contacts, voltage 607and service, as noted.
608(f) The same starter may be used with induction motors of 609various voltage ratings by changing the control-610circuit transformer.
611(g) In some of the larger horsepower ratings, current 612transformers may also be used with overload coils and 613contacts of the same size since these operate in the 614control circuit only, greatly simplifying the parts 615required in manufacturing starters of various 616ratings.
618One other piece of electrical equipment that can be used 619on truck 10 is a kilowatt-hour meter, not shown. This meter 620would therefore serve as the recording device for the amount of 621electrical energy consumed on truck 10.
622Referring to figure 6, it can be seen that the truck 623engine drives the hydraulic pump 100 directly through clutch 624102. Clutch 102 can then be mechanically or electrically 625operated. The engine when running, pumps fluid through a 626primary power unit hydraulic line 104, which then travels 627through primary check valve 106 and onward through relief valve 628108 and finally to the load to perform work.
629When the secondary power unit 24 is operating it will 2142~32 630 drive pump 26 which in turn pumps fluid through hydraulic lines 631 110 and onward through check valve 112 where it finally 632 connects to hydraulic line 104. Since the hydraulic fluid is 633 prevented from flowing backward through check valve 106 it will 634 move down the line through relief valve 108 and onward finally 635 to perform work.
636 An auxiliary pump or tandem pump 114, although not shown 637 connected in figure 6, can also be used to increase the 638 hydraulic fluid flow rate or pressure. Take note also that in 639 all cases as shown in figure 6, 7, 8 and 9 the direction of the 640 hydraulic fluid flow is indicated by the direction of the arrow 641 located on the check valves shown.
642 The arrangement, therefore, as disclosed in figure 6 has 643 many advantages. First in these advantages is that it can be 644 easily adapted to any truck as the main engine and secondary 645 power unit 24 do not need to be in line, and so can be located 646 in different places on truck 10. Secondly, both power units 647 can be running and it will not cause any harm. The primary 648 check valve 106 and the secondary check valve 112 will prevent 649 any backflows of hydraulic fluid. Relief valve 108 will 650 alleviate any excess pressures that might build up in the 651 hydraulic system.
652 Additionally, this arrangement will significantly reduce 653 the control circuitry needed to operate this system. The 654 safety features used in figures 7, 8 and 9, in order to 655 prevent the simultaneous running of both the primary and 656 secondary power units, would not be needed. These safety 657 features, which can include added control circuit wiring, 658 electrical or mechanical interlocks and others and are used to 659 prevent clutch 102 in figure 7, 8 and 9 from engaging while the 660 secondary power unit is running.
661 Take note that in figures 6, 7, 8 and 9 the couplings 116 662 used can be changed to clutches and the clutches to couplings, 663 where needed. These devices can be interchanged to best suit 664 location and operational needs.
665 The couplings 116 that are used in the hydraulic drive can 666 be selected from a variety of styles. These styles can include 2~42532 667 straight, rigid, flexible, fluid filled, centripetal couplings 668 and others. Some of these couplings do have advantages over 669 some of the others. For example, by using fluid filled or 670 centripetal couplings the inrush current to the electric motor 671 would be significantly reduced as the motor would be allowed to 672 nearly reach full motor speed before being loaded down by the 673 hydraulic pump. The other types straight, rigid or flexible 674 would not offer this advantage, however, they would be much 675 more economical to purchase.
676 Although not a mandatory requirement, another option, not 677 shown, is to incorporate the use of an electrical or mechanical 678 brake for the electric motor 24, in order to quickly stop the 679 electric motor 24 and thus the hydraulic pump 26 in the case of 680 an unexpected emergency situation. Such situations can 681 comprise broken hydraulic lines or to prevent a workman running 682 the boom assembly 14 into live wires or to prevent the boom 683 assembly 14 from hitting an object like a pole when moving and 684 others. The brake would be a simple feature to install.
685 Referring now to figure 7 and 8, it can be seen that both 686 systems are basically similar. The truck engine and secondary 687 power unit 24 are both in line and both systems contain roughly 688 identical parts and quantities thereof. Note that these parts 689 will also operate in a similar manner.
690 Figure 9 illustrates an arrangement which utilizes an 691 offset box 118 in which is attached a secondary power unit 24, 692 by clutch 120, and a primary drive, by clutch 102. Offset box 693 118 can be constructed in a variety of ways, some of which can 694 incorporate the use of gears, belts and pulleys while others 695 may use a chain and sprocket type drive. All will work, but, 696 one method may be more convenient to use than another on 697 certain aerial lift trucks.
698 Throughout this disclosure, certain information regarding 699 the electrical and hydraulic circuits, cables, motors, fuses, 700 electrical protection, mechanical couplings, valves, pumps and 701 a variety of other equipment that has been used to explain the 702 construction and operation of this disclosed invention can be 703 found in the books described below. Note also, that these 2142~32 704 books are hereby incorporated into the specifications of this 705 disclosure.
706 (a) American Electrician's Handbook, Twelfth Edition, 707 Editors: Terrell Croft, Wilford I. Summers, 708 Publisher: McGraw-Hill Inc., U.S.A., 709 ISBN 0-07-013933-4; Copyright 1992.
710 (b) Transformers and Motors, 711 Author: George Patrick Shultz, 712 Publisher: SAMS, Indiana, U.S.A., 713 ISBN 0-672-30131-8; Copyright 1989.
714 (c) Electronics Designers' Handbook, Second Edition, 715 Editor: L.J. Giacoletto, 716 Publisher: McGraw-Hill Book Co., U.S.A., 717 ISBN ?; Copyright 1977.
718 (d) Control of Electric Machines, 719 Author: Irving L. Kosow, PH.D., 720 Publisher: Prentice-Hall Inc., U.S.A., 721 ISBN 0-13-171785-5; Copyright 1973.
722 (e) Electric Cables Handbook, Second Edition, 723 Editors: E.W.G. Bungay and D. McAllister, 724 Publisher: CRC Press, U.S.A., 725 ISBN 0-8493-7710-2; Copyright 1990.
726 (f) Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 727 Ninth Edition, 728 Editors: Eugene A. Avallone and Theodore Baumeister 729 III, 730 Publisher: McGraw-Hill Book Company, U.S.A., 731 ISBN 0-07-004127-X; Copyright 1987.
733 The arrangements, locations and selections of the electric 734 motor, hydraulic pumps, engine, control boxes, circuit design,735 cable connections and all the other equipment used in this 736 invention can vary significantly in their shape, operation and737 cost. These arrangements and selections provide for a variety 738 of ways in which to fabricate an aerial lift truck 10 with an 739 electric secondary power unit 24.
740 In some lift trucks, one design or selection will be 741 better suited than another, but in all cases the principle is 742 the same. This principle, is that along with the lift truck's 743 primary power unit or prime mover there will be incorporated, 744 into this truck's operation, a secondary power unit, consisting 745 of an electric motor which derives its electrical energy from 746 the electrical distribution system or grid of the electrical 747 utility and which will be capable of supplying the lifting 748 apparatus and the other devices of truck 10 with their required 749 hydraulic energy needs by driving one or more pumps.
750 Although the present invention is preferably adapted for 751 use with lift apparatuses, it should be understood that this is 752 by way of example and not limitation. The present invention 753 can also be adapted for use with any apparatuses that are 754 driven by mechanical and electrical power, and that the number755 of such apparatuses is only limited by the imagination of those 756 skilled in the art.
757 For example, such apparatuses could include pneumatic 758 compressors, liquid pumps, lifting or hoisting booms, cranes, 759 personnel lifts, large augering devices, hammers and others and 760 also, any two or more combinations of the apparatuses discussed 761 or implied in the above disclosure.
762 Modifications in the basic design can also be developed to 763 suit one or more tasks. An example is by modifying the self 764 propelled aerial lift truck 10 into a non-self propelled, but 765 still moveable, vehicle or equipment means which can be towed 766 to its place of work. The internal combustion or turbine 767 engine along with the electric motor would still be retained 768 and be controlled, operated and function as before. Each of 769 the two power sources could also independently make the 770 equipment or apparatus means used on this vehicle, operable.
771 The non-self propelled vehicle or equipment means could 772 also comprise the electric motor means only; with the engine 773 not included in the construction of the vehicle. This piece of774 equipment could then be used where access to an electrical 775 distribution or grid is readily available.
776 Therefore, as the preceding description contains many 777 specifications, these should not be construed as limiting the 21~2532 778 scope of the invention but as merely providing illustration of 779 some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention 780 and thus, the scope of the invention should be determined by 781 the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by 782 the examples given.
21 Back~L~.d-Description of Prior Art 22 Originally lift trucks were not constructed with a multi-23 power capability and, therefore, relied mostly on the truck's 24 internal combustion engine as the main power unit used to drive the hydraulic pumps, which in turn supplied the hydraulic 26 systems on the vehicle.
27 Since the engine always remained on in order to provide, 28 when called upon, the necessary hydraulic power to the lift or 29 other equipment, a great deal of fuel consumption, exhaust pollution, noise, vibration, engine wear and break downs were 31 noted.
32 The idea, therefore, that a secondary power unit, smaller 33 and more economical than the truck primary or main engine, 34 could be used to power the hydraulic systems, resulted in a vehicle that was constructed with a small secondary internal 36 combustion engine which allowed the main engine to be turned 37 off.
21425~2 38 This reduced fuel consumption, noise and vibration, but it 39 did not eliminate it. Main engine maintenance and breakdowns were also significantly reduced, however, the now continuously 41 running secondary engine, required substantially increased 42 service and maintenance efforts.
43 Consequently, another approach was taken to further reduce 44 the general waste and pollution inherent in internal combustion engines. This approach resulted in the use of a direct current 46 electric motor whose electric power requirements were supplied 47 by batteries. These motors are clean, efficient, silent, and 48 therefore, eliminated many of the inferior attributes 49 associated with the internal combustion engine. An example of such an invention is described fully by the U.S. Patent 4037684 51 granted to Moyer and Patton, 1977 July 26.
52 However, while succeeding in some aspects, this 53 arrangement created other problems which were not present in 54 the previous designs for a secondary power unit. These problems, some of which are quite substantial, include:
56 (a) Batteries are expensive;
57 (b) Batteries provide another failure point;
58 (c) Batteries lose up to two thirds of their charge when 59 cold;
(d) Batteries need maintenance and recharging facilities;
61 (e) Batteries require long recharge times which hamper 62 efficient vehicle usage;
63 (f) Batteries have a fairly short service life;
64 (g) Batteries are very heavy in weight and must be carried or towed;
66 (h) Batteries can be toxic;
67 (i) Batteries, when worn, must be disposed of safely;
68 (j) Batteries can be a safety or explosion hazard.
Therefore, the new invention described within this 71 disclosure addresses the problems discussed above and provides 72 a more effective solution for an optimal secondary power unit.
74 Objects and Advantages 2142~32 Accordingly, the invention disclosed herein overcomes many 76 of the drawbacks listed in the prior art, while also providing 77 a more reliable, simpler and inexpensive operation.
78 Therefore, the objects and advantages of this new 79 invention are:
(a) To provide a secondary power unit to drive the 81 hydraulic systems of the vehicle;
82 (b) To provide a secondary power unit which uses an 83 electric motor;
84 (c) To provide a secondary power unit which does not use batteries, as the power source, to supply the 86 electric motor.
87 (d) To provide a secondary power unit which is more 88 reliable than existing systems;
89 (e) To provide a secondary power unit which does not emit atmospheric pollution;
91 (f) To provide a secondary power unit which is economical 92 and relatively inexpensive to install and operate;
93 (g) To provide a secondary power unit which does not 94 require the disposal of toxic substances such as those found in batteries and motor oils.
97 Summary 98 The present invention provides for an aerial lift truck 99 which includes at least one hydraulic pump which is driven by 100 either a primary or a secondary power unit for the operation of 101 the hydraulic system. The primary power unit consists of the 102 truck's internal combustion engine. The secondary power unit 103 consists of either a direct current motor, supplied by either 104 an actual direct current electricity source or by the 105 conversion of an alternating current source into a direct 106 current by a rectifier. Additionally, alternating current 107 motors which are single or multi-voltage rated and single or 108 multi-phase rated can be used. While alternating current 109 motors can be supplied from an alternating current source they 110 can also be supplied from a direct current source whose 111 electricity has been converted to an alternating current by an 112 inverter.
113 The motors, that are used, are then supplied with 114 electricity from an electrical distribution system or grid 115 which are located on roads or the like. A grounded or 116 ungrounded cable conducting the necessary electrical energy at117 the required voltage in single or multi-phase alternating 118 current or as a direct current is used to transmit the 119 electricity from the electrical distribution system to the 120 aerial lift truck where it is terminated in a suitable 121 enclosure or control box.
122 The control circuitry within the enclosure then provides 123 the necessary control and protection of the vehicle motors and124 systems, and from any backfeeds or surges of high voltage or 125 current into the electrical distribution system and from any 126 surges of high voltage or current into the vehicle from the 127 distribution system. The secondary motor, therefore, is 128 thoroughly protected as is the vehicle and distribution system.
129 Take note that vehicle and personnel safety are always 130 foremost in any and all designs, whether that design be a 131 single power unit or multi in nature. The vehicle body should 132 be grounded to earth in the rare occurrence that a live 133 electrical wire falls upon the vehicle and creates the 134 possibility of electrocution.
135 Another added personnel safety feature is the protection 136 of the incoming electrical cable with ground fault circuit 137 breakers. By placing these breakers within a suitable junction138 box between the distribution system wires and vehicle, ground 139 fault protection can be achieved from that point onward.
140 The advantages inherent in this system are very impressive 141 and some are summarized below:
142 (a) Electric motors are very efficient and small;
143 (b) Electric motors are more reliable than internal 144 combustion engines in their longevity and operational 145 failure rates;
146 (c) Electric motors are less expensive when compared to 147 internal combustion engines in their initial capital148 expenditures, use and maintenance;
149 (d) The present invention uses a system which eliminates 150 the need for batteries and their inherent 151 disadvantages;
152 (e) The present invention eliminates all atmospheric air 153 pollution and toxic waste that had been created in 154 the past by the secondary power unit;
155 (f) The present invention eliminates the need for a 156 recharging or refuelling time associated with the 157 secondary power unit;
158 (g) The present invention is very quiet while in 159 operation.
161 Although the preceding descriptions contain many 162 specificities, these should not be construed as limiting the 163 scope of the invention but merely providing illustrations of 164 some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention 165 and thus, the scope of the invention should be determined by 166 the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by 167 the examples given.
169 Brief Description of the Drawings 170 Figure 1 is a side view of the aerial lift truck with the 171 secondary power unit attached to the underside of said truck.
172 Figure 2 is a perspective view of the aerial lift truck, 173 connected to the electrical distribution system of a utility, 174 and ready for operation.
175 Figure 3 is a detailed perspective view of the electrical 176 connection and support of the electrical feed cable.
177 Figure 4 is another detailed perspective view of the 178 electrical connections and support of the electrical feed 179 cable.
180 Figure 5 is an electrical schematic of the feed and 181 control circuit of the invention.
182 Figure 6 is a schematic of the hydraulic system and power 183 units for the operation of the aerial lift truck.
184 Figure 7 is another schematic of the hydraulic system and 185 power units for the operation of the aerial lift truck.
186 Figure 8 is yet another schematic of the hydraulic system 187 and power units for the operation of the aerial lift truck.
188 Figure 9 is the final schematic of the hydraulic system 189 and power units for the operation of the aerial lift truck 191 List of Reference Numerals In Drawings 192 Note, that throughout this disclosure like numbered 193 referenced numerals refer to similar parts, equipment or 194 assemblies.
195 10. multi-powered aerial lift truck 196 12. a truck 197 14. moveable boom assembly 198 16. horizontally rotatable support apparatus 199 18. first boom 200 20. second boom 201 22. bucket device 202 24. electric motor, (secondary power unit) 203 26. secondary hydraulic pump 204 28. first hydraulic cylinder 205 30. second hydraulic cylinder 206 32. hydraulic hoist 207 34. electrical feed cable 208 36. electrical distribution system or grid 209 38. support pole 210 40. support cross arm (small) 211 42. support cross arm (large) 212 44. transformer number 1 213 46. transformer number 2 214 48. high voltage power distribution wire, phase 1 215 50. high voltage power distribution wire, phase 2 216 52. high voltage power distribution wire, phase 3 217 54. low voltage secondary distribution wire 218 56. low voltage secondary distribution wire 219 58. low voltage secondary distribution neutral wire 220 60. cable holding straps 221 62. cable junction box 222 64. connection junction box 223 66. electrical clamp 224 68. mid span connector 225 70. truck electrical control console 226 72. truck supply cable 227 74. varistor 228 76. disconnect switch 229 78. overcurrent fuse 230 80. an overload 231 82. a normally open contact 232 84. a primary starting resistor 233 86. a control transformer 234 88. a control circuit fuse 235 90. a normally closed contact 236 92. a normally closed stop switch 237 94. a normally open start switch 238 96. a standard control relay 239 98. a time delay control relay 240 100. primary engine hydraulic pump 241 102. mechanical or electrical operated clutch 242 104. primary power unit hydraulic line 243 106. primary check valve 244 108. relief valve 245 110. secondary power unit hydraulic line 246 112. secondary check valve 247 114. secondary power unit auxiliary or tandem pump 248 116. coupling 249 118. offset box 250 120. secondary power unit clutch 252 Description of the Preferred Embodiments 253 The multi-powered aerial lift truck of this invention and 254 as seen in Figure One is referred to generally by the reference 255 numeral 10 and comprises a wheeled frame vehicle such as a 256 truck 12 and having a hoist means, such as a moveable boom 257 assembly 14 mounted thereon. Boom assembly 14 generally 258 consists of a horizontally rotatable support apparatus 16 upon 259 which is attached a first boom 18. While the first end of the 2l92s32 260 first boom 18 is attached to the support apparatus 16 the 261 second end is attached to a second boom 20. At the free or 262 second end of the second boom 20 is attached a bucket means 263 comprising one or more bucket devices 22 in which an operator 264 or workman can stand and be transported to an elevated location 265 by the vertically moveable booms 18 and 20 or the horizontally 266 moveable support apparatus 16.
267 Generally the moveable boom assembly 14 is a hydraulically 268 operated device and as with all other hydraulically operated 269 devices, such as outriggers, cylinders, hoists and others, 270 which may be located on the lift truck 10, the hydraulic power 271 that they require will be derived from an engine or motor 272 driving one or more hydraulic pumps individually or in tandem.
273 Figure 1 shows a motor 24, a hydraulic pump 26, hydraulic 274 cylinders 28 and 30 and a hydraulic hoist 32.
275 Throughout this disclosure the term engine will refer to 276 an internal combustion or turbine engine and the term motor 277 will refer to an electrical motor.
278 Note also that the terms box, enclosure and housing can be 279 interchanged throughout this disclosure.
280 Therefore, the invention disclosed of herein uses a 281 primary or first power unit or primary or prime mover 282 comprising the vehicle engine, not shown, and a secondary power 283 unit comprising the motor 24. The prime mover is used to move 284 the vehicle to a desired work location where, if needed, it can 285 then be used to make the hoist or apparatus means operable.
286 The prime mover, when desired, can also be turned off and the 287 motor 24 can then be used to make the hoist or apparatus means 288 operable.
289 The motor 24, used in the vehicle, can be constructed so 290 that it is single or multi-voltage rated and single or multi-291 phase rated. Multi-speed or multi-frequency rated motors, 292 possessing the characteristics just mentioned above are also 293 available and can be used. Universal motors, which can operate 294 on different frequencies and on alternating or direct current, 295 are also available and can be used. Although a universal motor 296 would work, its limited availability in the larger horsepower 297 sizes would prohibit its practical use in the disclosed 298 invention.
299 When a multi-voltage rated motor is selected it has the 300 inherent benefit of being able to operate on more than one 301 voltage and so offers a greater flexibility in the aerial 302 truck's area of operation.
303 While alternating current motors can be supplied from an 304 alternating current source they can also be supplied from a 305 direct current source whose electricity has been converted to 306 an alternating current by an inverter. An inverter, not shown,307 is a device commonly used for such tasks. This allows an 308 alternating current motor to be used in the bulk of the work 309 where alternating current is available and then, if needed, the 310 inverter can be switched on to change a direct current source 311 into an alternating current for the motor's use.
312 There may at times be a need for an aerial lift truck 313 which offers even greater flexibility, such as a truck with an314 alternating current motor and a direct current motor. This 315 would allow greater flexibility in the sources of supply power316 for truck 10 operations.
317 Direct current motors can also be purchased and they can 318 also be used, however, due to the limited availability of a 319 direct current distribution system, which would have to be used 320 to supply these motors, it can be seen that the practicality of 321 using this motor type would be inappropriate. However, to 322 compensate for the lack of a suitable direct current 323 distribution system a direct current power supply or rectifier, 324 not shown, and matched to the electrical requirement of the 325 motor used, would have to be constructed. This could be 326 fabricated and placed upon the aerial lift truck 10, or any 327 other convenient locale, thus allowing an alternating current 328 feed from the utility's distribution system or grid to power 329 the direct current motor by converting the feed power to direct 330 current by way of a rectifier.
331 An additional benefit of using a direct current power 332 supply or rectifier on truck 10 is that if it is the same 333 voltage as the truck's electrical system, it can be used to 334 supply direct current power to the truck's electrical devices,335 such as lights, horns, radios and other loads on or off the 336 truck 10. Should the rectifier and truck 10 voltages differ, 337 a secondary electrical tap can be taken off the rectifier to 338 equal the electrical system voltage used by truck 10. Also 339 note, that if the secondary power unit 24 uses solely 340 alternating current, then a small separate direct current 341 rectifier can be used to supply the truck's direct current 342 needs on or off the truck 10.
343 Referring now to figure 2, said motor 24 derives its 344 electrical energy requirements by using a cable 34, which is 345 attached electrically and using suitable electrical clamps to 346 an electrical source means, such as an electrical distribution347 system or grid 36, of the local electrical utility or a 348 separate electrical power source such as an electrical 349 generator or fuel cell.
350 Cable 34 can take various forms. It can, for example, 351 consist of individual insulated wires which are wound together352 and then encased in an insulative material to form essentially353 one cable. They can also, be left as individual wires, which 354 when properly insulated for their use and task, will function 355 adequately.
356 Still referring to figure 2, the electrical distribution 357 system 36 is shown and wherein its composition consists of a 358 box type construction with a support pole 38, support arms 40 359 and 42, transformers 44 and 46, high voltage primary 360 distribution wires 48, 50 and 52 and low voltage secondary 361 distribution wires 54, 56 and a neutral wire 58.
362 The distribution system provided by the local utility has363 a variety of alternating current voltages available. These 364 secondary wires on the distribution system may provide various365 nominal voltage values which can be 120, 208, 240, 347, 440, 366 600 and others in single and or multi-phase, but, rarely in a 367 direct current type. However, the most common voltages 368 available are 120 and 240 volts, single phase.
369 Take note that the type of electrical distribution 370 described above is for illustration purposes only. Other types 371 of construction are frequently used by electrical utilities but 372 in all cases the cable 34 which feeds the aerial lift truck 10 373 is always attached to the low voltage secondary distribution 374 wires which in general are under 750 volts.
375 Referring now to figure 2, cable 34, which feeds the 376 aerial lift truck 10 with power supplied by the distribution 377 system 36, can be constructed or made operational in a very 378 simple manner. The first end of cable 34 is connected to the 379 electrical control console or box 70, located on the aerial 380 lift truck 10. Located within this control console 70 is the 381 protection and control circuitry needed to operate the 382 secondary power unit 24 and any other equipment or device which 383 derives its power from the low voltage secondary distribution 384 system.
385 Once the electrical hook-up, for the first end, of cable 386 34 to the console 70 is completed then the second or free end 387 of cable 34 can now be connected to the low voltage secondary 388 distribution system.
389 Therefore, to supply the motor 24, with its power needs, 390 the truck's prime mover, in the aerial lift truck 10, is used 391 to power the hydraulic pumps allowing an operator to be raised 392 in bucket 22 by a moveable boom assembly 14 in order to 393 facilitate the connecting, using suitable clamps, of an 394 appropriate outdoor electrical cable 34 to the secondary 395 distribution system wires 54, 56 and 58.
396 The electrical taps as seen in figure 2 are a simple and 397 straight forward connection onto the wires by first removing 398 the insulation, if any, and then using standard electrical 399 connectors to fix or attach the electrical cable 34 firmly onto 400 the distribution wires.
401 Now that cable 34 is connected, the truck's prime mover 402 can be turned off and the secondary power unit 24 can be turned 403 on. Unit 24 will now power the hydraulic pumps on truck 10 404 and, therefore, make the boom assembly 14 along with the other 405 hydraulically powered devices, operable.
406 Once the task to be performed by the aerial lift truck 10, 407 is completed, cable 34 can be easily removed by disconnecting ~1~2532 408 the clamps on the distribution wires and placing, where needed, 409 small tubular rubber or plastic insulators over that part of 410 the distribution wires where the insulation had been removed in 411 order to make the electrical tap.
412 Cable 34, where needed, can be held more securely in place 413 on pole 38 by the addition of one or more cable holding straps, 414 60. These straps can be made of rope, rubber, plastic and any 415 other suitable and preferably non-conducting materials. Cable 416 holding straps 60 or mid span connector 68, as seen in figures417 3 and 4, can also be used to help support cable 34 and wires 418 54, 56 and 58. These support apparatus and the like help to 419 relieve the stain that may be placed on the electrical clamps 420 66 and or cable 34 and or wires 54, 56 and 58.
421 Although, not shown, the use of rugged heavy duty spring 422 loaded electrical clamps, similar to those used in automobile 423 jumper cables and the like, can also be used to facilitate the424 easier attachment or removal of cable 34 to or from the 425 secondary distribution wires respectively.
426 However, still further operational convenience can be 427 realized by the addition of one or more male and female 428 electrical plug ends which can be placed in between the cable 429 34 hook up and console 70 in order to facilitate the rapid 430 connection and disconnection of cable 34 or to easily extend 431 its length if required.
432 Additionally, cable 34 along with the electrical source 433 means and vehicle 10 can then be further safeguarded against 434 electrocution hazards, equipment damage, overcurrents and 435 overvoltages by a surge protection means selected from at least 436 one of the group comprising, fuses, circuit breakers, ground 437 fault protection and varistors.
438 This can be accomplished by a variety of methods, one of 439 which is by using fuses and circuit breakers for the protection 440 of overcurrents. Another is to use ground fault circuit 441 breakers or differential relay protection for the protection of 442 ground faults. Still another is to use varistors for the 443 protection of overvoltages.
444 A suitable junction box 62 can be used to house these 445 components and wherein junction box 62 can then be located at 446 a point along the cable where the respective overcurrent or 447 ground fault or overvoltage protection is desired to begin. An448 example is seen in figure 2.
449 If larger capacity circuit breakers are needed, then 450 smaller ampere rated circuit breakers can be electrically 451 paralleled, in order to increase the total capacity. Take note452 that these circuit breakers should, preferably, all have the 453 same ampere and voltage rating and also be fastened together so 454 that if one circuit breaker trips, all will trip.
455 Differential relay protection is a system which compares 456 incoming current to the outgoing current, at the point of 457 monitoring, and should these currents not match, the relay, 458 which incorporates the use of current transformers and a 459 contactor, will disengage the circuit. The contactor and 460 ground fault circuit breakers will also, if faulted or tripped, 461 not re-engage until the differential relay protection system or 462 circuit breakers have been reset manually by an operator.
463 This kind of differential relay protection along with 464 ground fault circuit breakers, varistors, circuit breakers, 465 fuses and other suitable types of protection can be located in466 the cable junction box 62, the cable connection box 64 or the 467 truck's electrical control console 70. Ground fault circuit 468 protection can also be extended to receptacles by simply using469 ground fault rated receptacles. These receptacles can then be 470 placed within junction box 62, 64 or console 70 or also within471 other suitable electrical boxes located, where required, on 472 truck 10 or any other convenient local.
473 Additional safety for the personnel operating and working474 on and around the aerial lift truck is by physically grounding475 the truck 10 electrically to the earth. Therefore, if a live 476 electrical line or wire should fall upon the grounded truck 10477 and thus electrify it, the grounded cable will immediately 478 ground the live cable and in doing so, blow the fuses which 479 supply that live line with power.
480 Still further safety can be realized by isolating 481 electrically from the truck 10, the secondary power unit 24 and 482 its related devices, cables and equipment. This can be 483 accomplished by using plastic, rubber or other electrically 484 insulative materials, of sufficient insulative capacity, to 485 mount the console 70, the motor 24 and any other fixture or 486 device which derives its energy from the distribution system 487 36. The couplings 116, clutches 102 and 120 and the other 488 driving devices used would also have to be constructed of 489 electrically insulative materials or provide an electrical 490 barrier to the flow of electricity from the truck 10 to the 491 secondary power unit 24. All exterior exposed parts, that 492 could provide a path for electricity, would also have to be 493 covered or protected with an insulative material. The 494 electrical system of truck 10 along with its outlets, 495 receptacles, cables and other devices would also have to be 496 electrically isolated from the electrical system of power unit497 24, console 70 and any other device or equipment using the low498 voltage secondary distribution system as an energy source.
499 Figure 2, shows a connection junction box 64 whose purpose 500 is to facilitate the quick and easy connection and removal of 501 the truck 10 supply cable 72. Cable 72 has a male type end 502 plug on one end so that it may be plugged into the 503 corresponding female receptacle located in the connection 504 junction box 64. The other end of cable 72 can either be a 505 male or female connection similar to the aforementioned design506 or a direct connection into the electrical control console 70 507 wherein console 70 provides the required protection and the 508 control of the secondary power unit 24.
509 Cables 34 and 72 can also be one long continuous wire or 510 they can be divided into smaller sections like typical 511 household extension cords so that the distance at which the 512 truck 10 can operate can be extended. Either way the result is513 the same, however, the later offers the possibility of easily 514 disconnecting or re-connecting to the truck 10 should the truck 515 be moved slightly or even needed elsewhere temporarily.
516 Referring now to figure 5 a simple control circuit, that 517 controls the secondary power unit 24 and which is located 518 within the control console 70, is disclosed.
519 The circuit uses a single phase, 240 volt electrical 520 supply, coming from cable 72. Varistors 74, are used as 521 electrical overvoltage protection in order to prevent any 522 higher voltages from backfeeding up the supply cables 34 and 72 523 and into the distribution system 36 should a high voltage line 524 accidentally fall on or touch the lift truck 10. These 525 varistors 74 also protect from overvoltages coming from the 526 distribution system 36 back into truck 10.
527 Following the varistors 74 is the disconnect switch 76, 528 which provides the electrical isolation, from the electrical 529 distribution system 36, of the aerial lift truck 10.
530 The other components, that make up the circuit disclosed 531 in figure 5, are described as follows:
532 (a) a varistor 74 533 (b) a disconnect switch 76 534 (c) an overcurrent fuse 78 535 (d) an overload 80 536 (e) a normally open contact 82 537 (f) a primary starting resistor 84 538 (g) a motor 24 539 (h) a control transformer 86 540 (i) a control circuit fuse 88 541 (j) a normally closed contact 90 542 (k) a normally closed stop switch 92 543 (l) a normally open start switch 94 544 (m) a standard control relay 96 545 (n) a time delay control relay 98 547 Circuit operation and component function are further 548 explained below. Also note that in this explanation a.c.
549 refers to alternating current, d.c. refers to direct current, 550 TD refer to time delay, n.o. refers to normally open and n.c.
551 refers to normally closed.
552 Referring still to figure 5 a closed-circuit 553 transition reduced-voltage a.c. induction motor starter circuit 554 is disclosed. In this instance, for purposes of illustration 555 only, it is used as a primary resistance starter. As shown in 556the accompanying sequence diagram, three stages of definite 557time delay are provided before the run contacts are closed.
558The 115 volt a.c. control circuit is energized through a 559control circuit transformer, and in the larger sizes, full-wave 560rectifiers are used to provide a d.c. control circuit using 561d.c. relays. The control transformer 86 may be omitted when 562the incoming electrical feed, from cable 72, has a voltage 563similar to that which is used in the control circuit as seen in 564figure 5. The time-delay relays, whether they use alternating 565or direct current, are usually of the adjustable dashpot type.
566Therefore, the starter shown in figure 5 operates in the 567following manner:
568(a) Depressing the start button energizes main and 569auxiliary contacts S in the power and control 570circuits, respectively. The motor starts with 571reduced primary voltage and current.
572(b) The a.c. dashpot time-delay relay, TD-l, energized 573through n.o. S contacts and n.c. TD-3 contacts, 574proceeds to pull its armature to a closed position.
575After a suitable time delay, relay TD-l closes its 576n.o. TD-l contacts, thus energizing time-delay relay 577 TD-2.
578(c) TD-2 also provides a time delay before it, in turn, 579energizes time-delay relay TD-3 through n.o. contacts 580TD-2 and n.c. contacts R. When, after a suitable 581time delay, TD-3 closes, it energizes line contactor 582 R.
583(d) When a.c. or d.c. line contactor R closes, it shorts 584out all primary starting resistance (in this 585instance), producing a second and smaller inrush of 586current as the motor is brought across the line. At 587the same time, auxiliary contacts R de-energize all 588the time-delay relays. Only relay S and R remain 589energized through their auxiliary interlock contacts.
591The advantages of the starter shown in figure 5 are:
592(a) It provides closed-circuit transition from start to 593run where such transition is required, as shown in 594contact sequence table of figure 4.
595(b) Each of the time-delay relays is adjustable within 596limits to provide a fairly wide range over which time 597delay may be obtained to suit the starting 598requirements dictated by the nature of the load and 599the feeders supplying the load.
600(c) Only two relays are energized during the run period.
601(d) Additional time-delay relays may be added in the 602control circuit to provide longer delays if required.
603(e) The same starter may be used equally well with 604primary resistance, reactance, autotransformers, and 605part windings for a given horsepower rating, 606depending on the size of the line contacts, voltage 607and service, as noted.
608(f) The same starter may be used with induction motors of 609various voltage ratings by changing the control-610circuit transformer.
611(g) In some of the larger horsepower ratings, current 612transformers may also be used with overload coils and 613contacts of the same size since these operate in the 614control circuit only, greatly simplifying the parts 615required in manufacturing starters of various 616ratings.
618One other piece of electrical equipment that can be used 619on truck 10 is a kilowatt-hour meter, not shown. This meter 620would therefore serve as the recording device for the amount of 621electrical energy consumed on truck 10.
622Referring to figure 6, it can be seen that the truck 623engine drives the hydraulic pump 100 directly through clutch 624102. Clutch 102 can then be mechanically or electrically 625operated. The engine when running, pumps fluid through a 626primary power unit hydraulic line 104, which then travels 627through primary check valve 106 and onward through relief valve 628108 and finally to the load to perform work.
629When the secondary power unit 24 is operating it will 2142~32 630 drive pump 26 which in turn pumps fluid through hydraulic lines 631 110 and onward through check valve 112 where it finally 632 connects to hydraulic line 104. Since the hydraulic fluid is 633 prevented from flowing backward through check valve 106 it will 634 move down the line through relief valve 108 and onward finally 635 to perform work.
636 An auxiliary pump or tandem pump 114, although not shown 637 connected in figure 6, can also be used to increase the 638 hydraulic fluid flow rate or pressure. Take note also that in 639 all cases as shown in figure 6, 7, 8 and 9 the direction of the 640 hydraulic fluid flow is indicated by the direction of the arrow 641 located on the check valves shown.
642 The arrangement, therefore, as disclosed in figure 6 has 643 many advantages. First in these advantages is that it can be 644 easily adapted to any truck as the main engine and secondary 645 power unit 24 do not need to be in line, and so can be located 646 in different places on truck 10. Secondly, both power units 647 can be running and it will not cause any harm. The primary 648 check valve 106 and the secondary check valve 112 will prevent 649 any backflows of hydraulic fluid. Relief valve 108 will 650 alleviate any excess pressures that might build up in the 651 hydraulic system.
652 Additionally, this arrangement will significantly reduce 653 the control circuitry needed to operate this system. The 654 safety features used in figures 7, 8 and 9, in order to 655 prevent the simultaneous running of both the primary and 656 secondary power units, would not be needed. These safety 657 features, which can include added control circuit wiring, 658 electrical or mechanical interlocks and others and are used to 659 prevent clutch 102 in figure 7, 8 and 9 from engaging while the 660 secondary power unit is running.
661 Take note that in figures 6, 7, 8 and 9 the couplings 116 662 used can be changed to clutches and the clutches to couplings, 663 where needed. These devices can be interchanged to best suit 664 location and operational needs.
665 The couplings 116 that are used in the hydraulic drive can 666 be selected from a variety of styles. These styles can include 2~42532 667 straight, rigid, flexible, fluid filled, centripetal couplings 668 and others. Some of these couplings do have advantages over 669 some of the others. For example, by using fluid filled or 670 centripetal couplings the inrush current to the electric motor 671 would be significantly reduced as the motor would be allowed to 672 nearly reach full motor speed before being loaded down by the 673 hydraulic pump. The other types straight, rigid or flexible 674 would not offer this advantage, however, they would be much 675 more economical to purchase.
676 Although not a mandatory requirement, another option, not 677 shown, is to incorporate the use of an electrical or mechanical 678 brake for the electric motor 24, in order to quickly stop the 679 electric motor 24 and thus the hydraulic pump 26 in the case of 680 an unexpected emergency situation. Such situations can 681 comprise broken hydraulic lines or to prevent a workman running 682 the boom assembly 14 into live wires or to prevent the boom 683 assembly 14 from hitting an object like a pole when moving and 684 others. The brake would be a simple feature to install.
685 Referring now to figure 7 and 8, it can be seen that both 686 systems are basically similar. The truck engine and secondary 687 power unit 24 are both in line and both systems contain roughly 688 identical parts and quantities thereof. Note that these parts 689 will also operate in a similar manner.
690 Figure 9 illustrates an arrangement which utilizes an 691 offset box 118 in which is attached a secondary power unit 24, 692 by clutch 120, and a primary drive, by clutch 102. Offset box 693 118 can be constructed in a variety of ways, some of which can 694 incorporate the use of gears, belts and pulleys while others 695 may use a chain and sprocket type drive. All will work, but, 696 one method may be more convenient to use than another on 697 certain aerial lift trucks.
698 Throughout this disclosure, certain information regarding 699 the electrical and hydraulic circuits, cables, motors, fuses, 700 electrical protection, mechanical couplings, valves, pumps and 701 a variety of other equipment that has been used to explain the 702 construction and operation of this disclosed invention can be 703 found in the books described below. Note also, that these 2142~32 704 books are hereby incorporated into the specifications of this 705 disclosure.
706 (a) American Electrician's Handbook, Twelfth Edition, 707 Editors: Terrell Croft, Wilford I. Summers, 708 Publisher: McGraw-Hill Inc., U.S.A., 709 ISBN 0-07-013933-4; Copyright 1992.
710 (b) Transformers and Motors, 711 Author: George Patrick Shultz, 712 Publisher: SAMS, Indiana, U.S.A., 713 ISBN 0-672-30131-8; Copyright 1989.
714 (c) Electronics Designers' Handbook, Second Edition, 715 Editor: L.J. Giacoletto, 716 Publisher: McGraw-Hill Book Co., U.S.A., 717 ISBN ?; Copyright 1977.
718 (d) Control of Electric Machines, 719 Author: Irving L. Kosow, PH.D., 720 Publisher: Prentice-Hall Inc., U.S.A., 721 ISBN 0-13-171785-5; Copyright 1973.
722 (e) Electric Cables Handbook, Second Edition, 723 Editors: E.W.G. Bungay and D. McAllister, 724 Publisher: CRC Press, U.S.A., 725 ISBN 0-8493-7710-2; Copyright 1990.
726 (f) Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 727 Ninth Edition, 728 Editors: Eugene A. Avallone and Theodore Baumeister 729 III, 730 Publisher: McGraw-Hill Book Company, U.S.A., 731 ISBN 0-07-004127-X; Copyright 1987.
733 The arrangements, locations and selections of the electric 734 motor, hydraulic pumps, engine, control boxes, circuit design,735 cable connections and all the other equipment used in this 736 invention can vary significantly in their shape, operation and737 cost. These arrangements and selections provide for a variety 738 of ways in which to fabricate an aerial lift truck 10 with an 739 electric secondary power unit 24.
740 In some lift trucks, one design or selection will be 741 better suited than another, but in all cases the principle is 742 the same. This principle, is that along with the lift truck's 743 primary power unit or prime mover there will be incorporated, 744 into this truck's operation, a secondary power unit, consisting 745 of an electric motor which derives its electrical energy from 746 the electrical distribution system or grid of the electrical 747 utility and which will be capable of supplying the lifting 748 apparatus and the other devices of truck 10 with their required 749 hydraulic energy needs by driving one or more pumps.
750 Although the present invention is preferably adapted for 751 use with lift apparatuses, it should be understood that this is 752 by way of example and not limitation. The present invention 753 can also be adapted for use with any apparatuses that are 754 driven by mechanical and electrical power, and that the number755 of such apparatuses is only limited by the imagination of those 756 skilled in the art.
757 For example, such apparatuses could include pneumatic 758 compressors, liquid pumps, lifting or hoisting booms, cranes, 759 personnel lifts, large augering devices, hammers and others and 760 also, any two or more combinations of the apparatuses discussed 761 or implied in the above disclosure.
762 Modifications in the basic design can also be developed to 763 suit one or more tasks. An example is by modifying the self 764 propelled aerial lift truck 10 into a non-self propelled, but 765 still moveable, vehicle or equipment means which can be towed 766 to its place of work. The internal combustion or turbine 767 engine along with the electric motor would still be retained 768 and be controlled, operated and function as before. Each of 769 the two power sources could also independently make the 770 equipment or apparatus means used on this vehicle, operable.
771 The non-self propelled vehicle or equipment means could 772 also comprise the electric motor means only; with the engine 773 not included in the construction of the vehicle. This piece of774 equipment could then be used where access to an electrical 775 distribution or grid is readily available.
776 Therefore, as the preceding description contains many 777 specifications, these should not be construed as limiting the 21~2532 778 scope of the invention but as merely providing illustration of 779 some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention 780 and thus, the scope of the invention should be determined by 781 the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by 782 the examples given.
Claims (20)
1. A vehicle means including a prime mover means, a motor means, and at least one associated apparatus means provided to perform at least one operation at a work location, wherein the vehicle means is moveable to the work location by power supplied by the prime mover means and wherein at the work location, the prime mover means can be used to power or make operational the apparatus means or it can be turned off and wherein the apparatus means can also be made operable by said motor means, and wherein said motor means is made operable with electrical energy by a cable means having a first end connected to the motor means and a second end connectable to an electrical distribution system means.
2. The combination as recited in claim 1 wherein the apparatus means is selected from the group consisting of hoisting means, and lifting means.
3. The combination of claim 2 wherein the vehicle means comprises a truck, the prime mover means comprises an internal combustion engine, the hoisting means comprises at least one crane, and the lifting means comprises at least one extendable boom having at least one bucket for lifting at least one worker to a place of work, furthermore, the motor means comprises at least one electric motor, the cable means comprises at least one electrical cable which can supply the electric motor with its energy requirements, and the electrical distribution system means comprises an electric utility's distribution system.
4. The combination as recited in claim 1 further comprising a control means for the electric motor means and wherein the control means also increases operational safety.
5. The combination of claim 4 wherein the control means includes at least one and is selected from the group consisting of a surge protection means, and a ground fault protection means, in order to dissipate spurious electrical energy directed to the vehicle means by the cable means and to dissipate spurious electrical energy directed to the electrical distribution system means by the vehicle means, the apparatus means, and the cable means, and wherein these protection means also increase operational safety.
6. The combination as recited in claim 1 wherein said vehicle means further comprises at least one electrical receptacle means whose energy is also derived from the electrical distribution system means and which can supply a convenient outlet of electrical energy for use by various electrical devices.
7. The combination as recited in claim 1 wherein said first end and said second end of the cable means comprise a female and a male electrical plug end, respectively, in order to facilitate the rapid removal and reconnection or extension of the electrical cable means.
8. The combination as recited in claim 1 wherein said motor means comprises an alternating current motor means which derives its energy requirements from an alternating current electrical distribution system means.
9. The combination as recited in claim 1 wherein said motor means comprises a direct current motor means whose electrical energy requirements are supplied by an alternating current electrical distribution system means whose energy has been converted to a direct current by a rectifier means.
10. The combination as recited in claim 9 wherein said rectifier means can also be used to power at least one other direct current load means requiring direct current electrical energy.
11. The combination as recited in claim 9 wherein the vehicle means further comprises an alternating current motor means and whose energy requirements are supplied by the alternating current electrical distribution system means before rectification.
12. The combination as recited in claim 1 wherein said motor means is selected from the group consisting of an alternating current motor means, an universal motor means, and a direct current motor means whose electrical energy requirements are supplied by a direct current electrical distribution system means.
13. The combination as recited in claim 12 wherein said alternating current motor means is supplied with its energy requirements by one of the group consisting of an alternating current electrical distribution system means, and a direct current electrical distribution system means whose electrical energy has been converted to an alternating current by an inverter means.
14. The combination as recited in claim 1 wherein said vehicle means is provided with a direct current power supply means whose own electrical energy requirements are derived from the electrical distribution system means and wherein said direct current power supply means is used to power at least one electrical load means requiring direct current electrical energy.
15. The combination as recited in claim 1 wherein said prime mover means drives a hydraulic pump means and wherein said apparatus means is made operable by the hydraulic energy derived from said hydraulic pump means.
16. The combination as recited in claim 15 wherein said motor means drives a hydraulic pump means and wherein said apparatus means is also made operable by the hydraulic energy derived from said hydraulic pump means.
17. A non-self propelled vehicle means comprising a motor means and at least one apparatus means, wherein said apparatus means being provided to perform at least one operation at a work location and wherein the vehicle means is moveable to the work location by a separate prime mover means and wherein at the work location the apparatus means is made operable by the motor means, said motor means being supplied with electrical energy by a cable means having a first end connected to said motor means and a second end connectable to an electrical distribution system means and wherein said apparatus means is selected from the group consisting of a lift means, a hoisting means, a compressor means, a pump means, a generator means, augering means, and a hammering means.
18. The combination as recited in claim 17 wherein the non-self propelled vehicle means further comprises an internal combustion engine means and wherein the apparatus means can also be made operable by the internal combustion engine means.
19. The combination as recited in claim 17 wherein said vehicle means further comprises at least one electrical receptacle means whose energy is also derived from the electrical distribution system means and which can supply a convenient outlet of electrical energy for use by various electrical devices.
20. A method for powering an electrically driven apparatus means associated with either a self propelled or non-self propelled vehicle means, which method comprises:
(a) Moving the vehicle means by a prime mover means to a work location;
(b) Providing a motor means for the apparatus means, the motor means being connectable to an electrical distribution system means by a cable means;
(c) Connecting the motor means to the electrical distribution system means by attaching a first end of the cable means to the motor means and a second end of the cable means to the electrical distribution system means to thereby power the motor means;
(d) Turning off the prime mover means for the vehicle means; and (e) Operate the motor means to perform a desired function.
(a) Moving the vehicle means by a prime mover means to a work location;
(b) Providing a motor means for the apparatus means, the motor means being connectable to an electrical distribution system means by a cable means;
(c) Connecting the motor means to the electrical distribution system means by attaching a first end of the cable means to the motor means and a second end of the cable means to the electrical distribution system means to thereby power the motor means;
(d) Turning off the prime mover means for the vehicle means; and (e) Operate the motor means to perform a desired function.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US19482894A | 1994-02-14 | 1994-02-14 | |
| US08/194,828 | 1994-02-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2142532A1 true CA2142532A1 (en) | 1995-08-15 |
Family
ID=22719049
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2142532 Abandoned CA2142532A1 (en) | 1994-02-14 | 1995-02-14 | Multi-powered aerial lift vehicle |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2142532A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2352709A (en) * | 1999-06-07 | 2001-02-07 | Valla Spa | Self-propelled crane |
| WO2012115567A1 (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-08-30 | Bergteamet Ab | Mobile crane |
-
1995
- 1995-02-14 CA CA 2142532 patent/CA2142532A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2352709A (en) * | 1999-06-07 | 2001-02-07 | Valla Spa | Self-propelled crane |
| GB2352709B (en) * | 1999-06-07 | 2003-03-12 | Valla Spa | Self-propelled crane structure |
| WO2012115567A1 (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-08-30 | Bergteamet Ab | Mobile crane |
| EP2678262A4 (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2015-07-01 | Bergteamet Ab | Mobile crane |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |