CA2134069A1 - Breathing apparatus for respiratory protection - Google Patents

Breathing apparatus for respiratory protection

Info

Publication number
CA2134069A1
CA2134069A1 CA 2134069 CA2134069A CA2134069A1 CA 2134069 A1 CA2134069 A1 CA 2134069A1 CA 2134069 CA2134069 CA 2134069 CA 2134069 A CA2134069 A CA 2134069A CA 2134069 A1 CA2134069 A1 CA 2134069A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
breathable gas
reservoir
hood
breathing apparatus
conveyance means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA 2134069
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Brian John Richards
John Stewart Simpson Stewart
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CA2134069A1 publication Critical patent/CA2134069A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62BDEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B17/00Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
    • A62B17/04Hoods

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Abstract

Breathing apparatus to provide respiratory protection having an outer hood, an inner hood, a reservoir at positive pressure, a breathable gas source and a conveyance means with one way valves in an open circuit system.

Description

~' W094/l9055 ~ t 3 4 ~ 6 9 PCT/GB92/0l656 BREAT~ING APPARATUS FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
This invention relates to breathing apparatus for respiratory protetion of ci~ilians and combatants.
Early types of breathing apparatus include a fl~xil~le hood }~lith visor for aviators (F741127) and a rigid helmet with a glass wi~dow for divers (GB42~96')s both with a remote breathable gas supply. More recently, various types of portable breathing apparatufi ha~e been described. A simple transp~rent l~as with ~
neck ~eal and a filter is }cnown (GB 2129670A) but the clesign is defective due to a large e~ective dead space. The deficiency may be DvercOme by incorporation of an oro nasal mask (ONM) or other conveyance means in the bLeathing circuit. It i5 well known in the art to have such an ONM supported by a strap harness and to ha~e inlet and outlet ~alves, both for a ~reathable gas ~ystem (W082~02492) and for a filter system (EP0275g34A2).
Howe~er, problems may arise~rom ~ poorly fitting ONM which allows outward leakage of exhaled gas with effectiv~ increase of dead spaceO Also, moisture in the exhaled gas cond~nses on a ~i~or, if fitted, to cause misting and impairment of vision. In the present invention a close ~itting elasticated f bric l~elmet i8 used as a harness to exert even traction all rou~d the rim of the ONM and pulls it onto the ~ce to secure a good ~it. The neck seal of the hood9 which forms an integral part of the :breathing apparatus, may be seale~ by a draw string (W082~024g2, ~P0275934~2) but much inward leakage of the noYious external atmQsphere takes place pa~t this type of seal. An elasticated septal neck seal ~GB2129670A) allows lefis leakage but the leakage m~y be further reduced by having a positive pressur~ inside the hood. A po~itive ~res~ure may be achieved by passing exhaled gas to the hood space ~GB~211098A, GB21~4570A) but such lesigns are defective because the moisture in the exhaled gas impairs vision.
Positive pressure breathing apparatus is well known (G~ 1587121 GB 2074456A). In the present invention, unli]ce GB lF.~71~1, a reservoir iF~ described between two hoods and it di~fers ~rom GB
~07~56A in that co~plex pressure reducing valves ar~ not req-lired. In the present in~ention a positive pressure i5 achie~ed by pasa~ng dry gas under pr~ssure and at con~tant flow directly into the hood fipace reservoir. There is virtually no inward leakage past the ne~k ~eal if the hood ~pace remains at po~itive pressure and this is ensured i~ th~ ~olum~ of th~
reservoir is in excesfi of the breathin~ volume of the wearer and if the inlet ~nd outlet v~lves are s~t at ~ppropri~te op~ning presaures. In the pre~ent invention inward leakage past th~ ONM
i~ not important a~d outw~rd le~kag~ fron ONM to hood space is minimi~d by improved goodness of fit~ There is therefore no .;
siqnific ~t increase in ef~ective de~d space and misting i5 ~-prevented by ingress of dry gafi from the breathable gas ~ource. s Thu~, th~ present invention discloses br~athing app~ratus h~ing a res~rvoir, in the hood ~pace ~etween inner and outer hoods, filled with dry breathable gas to pL-event misting and under ~.
positi~e pre~ure to pre~ent inw rd leakage; having thP inner hood elasticated to support the conveyance meansl to pull it onto the face and to se~ure a good fit, and having an open circuit SUBSTITVTE Sl-IEET

W094/1905~ ~134nfi9 PCT/GB92/U1656 with one way valves to ensure that there is high performance with very low dead space and high efficiency. The present invention is ~lled With a co-pending application which describ~s ~ ret~in~ng harness means.
A~cordin~ to the present invention there is descri~ed by way example only breathing apparatus to provide respiratory protection and ha~ing an outer hood, an inner hood, a reservoir at positive pressure, a breathable gas source and a conveyance mean~ with one way va}ves in an open circuit system such th~t:
A~ the o~ter hood ls:
(i) made ~rom impermeable gas proof material, ~i$) transparent at least in part, ~ iii) completed by an elastic necX seal;
B) the inner hood is:
(1) close fitting to the head, i~ ) made from elasticated material, ~iii) attached to the outer hood, (iv~ attached to the rim of the convey~nce means to su~port it and pull the rim onto the ~ce;
C) the reservoir i~: .
~i1 positioned in the space between the inner ~nd outer hoods, ~ii) con~tructed with a volume which is in excess of the breathing ~olume of the user;
D) the breathable gas:source discharges dry breathable gas direatly into the reseL-voir to raise it to positiv~ pr~ssure .~nd E) the conveyance means covers the mouth and nose of the user and has~
~ i) a one way inlet valve which allows breathable ~s to pass from the reservoir to the cavity of th~ conveyance means and ~ a one way o~t~let valve which allows breathable gas to pa~ rom the conveyance mean~ c~vity to ~hq ambient atmo phere.

,:

,.

~lB~TI Z U IF SHEE ~

~' I
~ ~ - W094/l9055 213 ~ o ~ g PCTIGB9Z/0l656 A
The functions of the component parts of the ~pparatus, in relation to the atmosphere, are as follows.
(l) The outer protective hoo~ is impervious to gas and resistant to flame to protect the head and respiratory tract of the we~rer.
~2) The neck ~eal i~ made of elasticated material which fit~ }
round the neck and, together with the outer hood, completes the i~
ga~ impermeable enclosure.
~3) The central opening of the neck seal is stretched to pass over the head when donning the hood and ~its closely tG the neck when donne~. -(4) The conveyance means covers the nose and mouth.
~5) The cavity of the conveyance means i5 the space within it.
~6~ The rim o~ the con~eyance means se~ls against the ~ace o~ the wearer.
(7) The inner hood is elastic~ted and tightly fitting to the head. It is attached to the rim of the conveyance means, exerts e~en traction and pulls it onto the ~ace to achieve a good s~al.
~) $he reservoir is the space between the outer and inner hood.
It has a ~olume which is greater than tl~e breathing volume o~ tl-e wearer and it contain~ breathable gas.
~9) The inlet valve allows gas to pass in only one direction ~rom the reser~oir to the cavity of the conveyance means.
~10) The outlet val~e allows gas to pass in only one direction from the conveyance meanfi cavity to the ambient atmosphere.
~11) The breathable gas source i5 a cylinder which contains the breathable ga~ under pressure~
2) ~he manual switch is used to s~itch on and o~ the supply o~
breathable gas from the source.
~13) The inner and outer hoods are joined t~gether at the circum~erence on the inner side of the outer hood.
~14) The opening of the inner hood is positioned at the ~rGnt to permit vi~ion and to ma~e orientation obviGus on donnin~.
(15) The external am~ient atmosphere is outside the hood and may contain smoke particles and noxious gases.
: :
j A
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J A

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'.

SUBSTITUTE SHEE~

WO94/l9055 PCT/GB92/016~6 2i3~069 ,1, FIGURE
A speclfic embodiment and the functioning thereof i5 nowdescr~bed by way of example only with reference to the accompanying schematic drawing in which fig~re 1 sl~ows the breathing apparatus as worn by a sub~ect and having the component parts numbered as above.
The breathing apparatus is donned ~y stretching the opening 3 o~
the neck seal 2 and pullin~ the outer hood 1 over the head. This is attached 13 tc the inner hood 7 which is theLe~ore also ~Julle~l onto the head. The closely fitting inner hood , is also ~IttaCl'leC
to the rim ~ of the con~ey~nc~ m~ans OL- n~sk ~ h i5 corr~ctly positioned by the act of ~lonning the hoc~d 7 with the opening 14 at the front. The breathable gas source 11 is activated manually by the switch I2 and fills the reservoir 8 with breathable gas under pressure. On inspir~tion, ~reath~ble gas is sucked in through the inlet valve g and the C~Yity 5 of the mask 4 to the lungs. On ~xpiration, e~haled g~s passes through the cavity 5 of the mask 4 and ~he outlet valve 10 to the external ambient atmosphere 15. Positi~e pressure in the reservoir 8 is maintained by an appropriate settin~ for thr ope~lng pressure of one or other or both of tl-e ~a1~JeS ~ and 10.
It is obvious to those skilled in the art that th~ out~r hood may be fire proof; the entire outer hood or only p~rt of it may l~e transparent; a draw string may be fitted round the necl:; the con~eyance mean5 m~y be a mouth piece, oro nasal mask, ~ull f~c~
mask or other device; the inner hood may be elasticatf~d in more than one dimension; the inner hoo~ atta~hn~ent to tl~ c..n:e~
means rim may be direct or indirf-ct ~ncl may he coll~lete or incomplete; the conveyance me~ns rirn may be shlped ~:, th~ ce and nose; the breathable gas may be air, o~yg~n or mi~cl f~as compressed or fhemically generate~; a reducing v~lve n~.~y l~e re~uired between the compressed gas cylinder and the reser~oir; .
relief valve may ~e required to prevent o~rer p7 ~ssuLir~ation rJf the reservoir; release of gas may be activat~cl m~nually, automatically or on d~mand; th~re may l~e twl~ eye op~nin~s wi th central part or cord to prevent deformation o~ the opening or openingfi; there may be a plur~}ity of inlet ~n~ <:utlet ~ al.~.?s;
the inner hood may support and carry the breathahle ~as s ourc~
and c:ontainer; an external or remote gas soux.-e may be added; the ~ystem may be adapt~d for clo~ed or semiclos~d ci~-cuit use; a carbon dioxide absorb-~r and rebre~thing reser~roir may be ~dded and a filter or anti suffocation device may be added for us~ wh~n the breathable gas source is exhausted. It is also ob-~ious that t)~e breathing apparatus has many applications in civilian us~
inaluding escape from fire and smoke ~nd toxic ~um~s in ~ew~rs, ~-laboratories and chemical factories ancl in military u5e ~gainst w~r gafies and oth~r agentsO

SUBSTITUTE SHEET

,.. , ~ ~ ~ .. .. ... . . .

Claims (5)

1) Breathing apparatus to provide respiratory protection having an outer hood, an inner hood, a reservoir at positive pressure, a breathable gas source and a conveyance means with one way valves in an open circuit system such that:
A) the outer hood is:
(i) made from impermeable gas proof material, (ii) transparent at least in part, (iii) completed by an elastic neck seal;
B) the inner hood is:
(i) close fitting to the head, (ii) made from elasticated material, (iii) attached to the outer hood, (iv) attached to the rim of the conveyance means to support it and pull the rim onto the face;
C) the reservoir is:
(i) positioned in the space between the inner and outer hoods, (ii) constructed with a volume which is in excess of the breathing volume of the user;
D) the breathable gas source discharges dry breathable gas directly into the reservoir to raise it to positive pressure and E) the conveyance means covers the mouth and nose of the user and has:
(i) a one way inlet valve which allows breathable gas to pass from the reservoir to the cavity of the conveyance means, and (ii) a one way outlet valve which allows breathable gas to pass from the conveyance means cavity to the ambient atmosphere.
2) Breathing apparatus according to claim 1 in which the breathable gas source is compressed air.
3) Breathing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 in which the opening pressures of the inlet and outlet valves are set to maintain a positive pressure in the reservoir.
4) Breathing apparatus according to any preceding claim in which a demand valve is provided.
5) Breathing apparatus substantially as herein described according to the drawing.
CA 2134069 1991-09-12 1992-09-10 Breathing apparatus for respiratory protection Abandoned CA2134069A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB919119441A GB9119441D0 (en) 1991-09-12 1991-09-12 Breathing apparatus
GB9119441.5 1991-09-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2134069A1 true CA2134069A1 (en) 1994-09-01

Family

ID=10701254

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA 2134069 Abandoned CA2134069A1 (en) 1991-09-12 1992-09-10 Breathing apparatus for respiratory protection

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0632736B1 (en)
AU (1) AU679900B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2134069A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69226784T2 (en)
GB (1) GB9119441D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1994019055A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO178529C (en) * 1991-08-27 1996-04-17 Ottestad Nils T Self-contained emergency breathing device
US5687713A (en) * 1991-11-29 1997-11-18 Bahr; Erik W. Breathing mask
SE511289C2 (en) * 1995-07-05 1999-09-06 Comasec International Sa Breathing equipment for evacuation purposes with optimal use of supplied breathing gas
AUPO126596A0 (en) 1996-07-26 1996-08-22 Resmed Limited A nasal mask and mask cushion therefor
GB0210417D0 (en) 2002-05-08 2002-06-12 Qinetiq Ltd Respirator assembly
DE102007042733A1 (en) * 2006-11-15 2008-06-05 Weinmann Geräte für Medizin GmbH + Co. KG Respiratory device e.g. full face mask, for connection with respirator, has assembly component i.e. sealing ring, provided with circular receiving space which is partly filled with phase change material e.g. calcium chloride hexahydrate
KR101894203B1 (en) * 2018-01-25 2018-08-31 이일형 Air inflatable type hood for respiratory
CN116440430B (en) * 2023-04-18 2023-11-17 中国人民解放军军事科学院系统工程研究院 Oxygen mask and oxygen inhalation device with same

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3015584C2 (en) * 1980-04-23 1982-03-25 Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck Pressurized gas-ventilated protective suit with breathing apparatus
DE3667028D1 (en) * 1985-03-12 1989-12-28 Du Pont Decompression and toxic fume protection apparatus
AU1872088A (en) * 1987-07-29 1989-02-02 British Petroleum Company Plc, The Breathing apparatus
FR2646781B1 (en) * 1989-05-12 1994-02-04 Lemasson Yves RESPIRATORY DEVICE AND ASSEMBLY, ESPECIALLY FOR BREATHABLE ATMOSPHERE, ESPECIALLY FOR CONTAMINATED MEDIA

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69226784T2 (en) 1999-07-01
EP0632736A1 (en) 1995-01-11
AU679900B2 (en) 1997-07-17
DE69226784D1 (en) 1998-10-01
EP0632736B1 (en) 1998-08-26
GB9119441D0 (en) 1991-10-23
AU2504992A (en) 1994-09-14
WO1994019055A1 (en) 1994-09-01

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EEER Examination request
FZDE Dead