CA2128187A1 - Process for treating molten metals, in particular molten steel, with a refining agent - Google Patents
Process for treating molten metals, in particular molten steel, with a refining agentInfo
- Publication number
- CA2128187A1 CA2128187A1 CA002128187A CA2128187A CA2128187A1 CA 2128187 A1 CA2128187 A1 CA 2128187A1 CA 002128187 A CA002128187 A CA 002128187A CA 2128187 A CA2128187 A CA 2128187A CA 2128187 A1 CA2128187 A1 CA 2128187A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- oxygen
- liquid
- blow nozzle
- refining
- refining agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/4606—Lances or injectors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a process for treating molten metals, in particular molten steel, with a refining agent. In order to achieve an increase in output during refining, liquid oxygen which is in the form of a single-phase liquid or of a two-phase mixture composed of gas and liquid, is provided as the refining agent.
Description
21281~7 ~ Process for treating molten metals, in particular molten steel, with a refining agent.
The invention relates to a process for treating molten metals, in particular molten steel, with a refining agent.
It is known to use oxidizing gases or gas mixtures, in particular gaseous oxygen, for the refining of steels.
Usually, the refining process is carried out in converters by top-blowing or blowing-in of the gases or a combination of the two. A number of process designations are derived from the type of the introduction of oxygen, such as, for example the LD process, LDAC process or OBM process. The gaseous oxygen is here fed to the crude iron for reaction through a lance or a bottom bubble brick.
The refining of steels with gaseous oxygen requires a blowing time of 15 to 18 minutes in order to oxidize the elements carbon, silicon, phosphorus and manganese, present in the crude iron bath and to reduce the iron.
The invention provides a process for increasing the refining rate.
Starting from the state of the art, this is achieved, according to the invention, by a process for treating molten metals, in particular molten steel, with a refining agent, which comprises using liquid oxygen or a two-phase mixture of liquid and gaseous oxygen as the refining agent.
There is also provided in accordance with the invention apparatus for treating molten metals, having an oxygen supply device and a blow nozzle connected to the supply device, wherein the supply device is an insulated stock vessel for liquid oxygen and the blow nozzle is designed as a liquid-oxygen blow nozzle or as a combined liquid/gaseous oxygen blow nozzle which is connected via at least one insulated feedline and a liquid-oxygen pump to the liquid-oxygen stock vessel.
212818~
Advantageous further developments of the invention are indicated below.
For the refining of steels, the invention uses liquid oxygen which is in the sub-cooled state as a single-phase liquid at the boiling point or below the boiling point, or is present as a two-phase mixture of liquid and gas. The density of liquid oxygen is 855 times greater than that of gaseous oxygen under st~n~d conditions. As a result, oxygen is provided in a concentrated form to the reaction zone and the reaction rate is thu~ increased. The oxygen introduced in the liquid state results in a larger total quantity, whose influence advantageously controls the refining process with respect to a higher refining rate, a shortening of the blowing time by up to 75% resulting from the invention. The refining procesR can then also be controlled with respect to a higher refining rate by the influence on the gaseous/liquid oxygen ratio and/or by the influence on the oxygen pressure and the geometry of the blow nozzle. The impingement energy can be influenced by varying the liquid oxyye~pressure and the nozzle geometry.
In æome ca~es, it can be increased to such an extent that the jet penetrates into the molten bath. A further point is that the yield of alloy elements and the blowing behaviour are improved and the dust ejection is reduced since, on the one hand, the solubility, and on the other hand, the mixing of the crude iron are improved by the introduction of high-momentum liquid oxygen.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention is Rhown in the drawing and described in more detail below. In the drawing:
Fig. 1 shows a diagrammatic repre~entation of the equipment with a 3-hole liquid-ox~yc.. blow lance and a heat e~ch~nger;
Fig. 2 shows a diagrammatic representation of a 3-hole _ - 3 -blow nozzle with a li~uid-oxygen core jet;
Fig. 3 shows a diagrammatic representation of the equip-ment with a shower head and a gas-phase sepa-rator.
Figure 1 diagrammatically shows a blow nozzle 1 from which a jet 2 of liquid oxygen emerges at high ~elocity of up to 90 m/s and impinges onto the molten steel bath of the converter 3. The liquid oxygen is supplied through an insulated line 4 from an insulated stock vessel 5 for liquid oxygen.
This stock vessel 5 has the conventional piping and valves, not designated in more detail, for taking off liquid and gaseous oxygen. The liquid oxygen required for the process according to the invention is taken from the insulated stock vessel S through the line 6 and - if the pressure of the stock vessel S alone is -not suffi-cient - pressurized to a pressure of up to 50 bar down-stream of the isolation valve 7 by means of the liquid-oxygen pump 8. The line 4 can additionally be provided with a jacket of a cryogenic medium, in order-to avoid-premature vaporization of the oxygen. The sub-cooling of the oxygen is effected with liquid nitrogen or liquid oxygen. Liquid nitrogen has, at ambient pressure, a boiling point which is 13C lower than that of oxygen and is therefore very suitable as a cooling medium.
Liquid oxygen as a suitable cryogenic medium for cooling and sub-cooling has an equilibrium temperature which depends on the ambient pressure. At an ambient pressure of 1 bar, it is -183C and falls when the pressure is lowered. As shown in Fig. 1, the pressurized oxygen-is therefore cooled to the required extent by heat exchange with oxygen under low pressure. The liquid oxygen intended for cooling is branched off from the insulated line 4 downstream of the isolation valve 7 through the line 20 and passed via the level detection system 22 into _ - 4 -the heat exchanger 21.
In the interior of the heat exchanger 21, a vacuum of down to 0.1 bar absolute is generated by means of the pump 24. This lowers the boiling point of the_liquid oxygen in the heat exchanger 21 by up to 17C, so that it can be used as a cooling medium for the refining oxygen.
The temperature difference between the cooling oxygen and the refining oxygen and hence the size of the heat exchanger can be determined by the choice of the vacuum.
The oxygen which is intended for refining and is under 3 to 6 bar tank pressure (corresponding to an equilibrium temperature of -167 to -159C) is passed into copper coils 25 through the heat exchanger 21 and thus cooled by the surrounding cooling oxygen by 16 to 41C, depending on the existing pressure ratio, to a temperature below its boiling point. This sub-cooling can be carried out, as described above with or else without use of a vacuum.
The refining oxygen then passes through the insulated line 4 into the blow nozzle 1 which is surrounded by insulation and a water cooling jac~et 16 (Fig. 2) in order to protect it from the high radiant heat of the molten metal 3. The refining oxygen leaves the blow nozzle 1 by being let down.
The gaseous oxygen arising during the self-cooling of the 2S medium can be used for refining in the conventional manner or in combination with liquid-oxygen refining. A
blow nozzle 1 designed as a 3-hole liquid-oxygen blow lance for this purpose is shown in Fig. 2. The blow nozzle 1 has a central inflow channel 10, connected to an outflow nozzle 11, for liquid oxygen. In the outflow nozzle 11, an outflow channel constricting the liquid oxygen is provided, wherein the liquid oxygen is formed into a jet before it emerges. Concentrically to the inflow channel lO, a feed 13 for gaseous oxygen is provided, which preferably emerges from three outflow orifices 14 which surround the outflow channel 12. The _ - 5 outflow orifices 14 are arranged in a nozzle block 15 which is connected to a jacket pipe 17 having cooling channels 16. The coolant, preferably water, flows in the form of circulation cooling, corresponding to the arrows 18, 19.
According to another embodiment variant, the blow nozzle 1 (Fig. 1) can be designed as a pure li~uid-oxygen blow lance.
Fig. 3 shows equipment for refining with liquid oxygen, by means of which the liquid oxygen is taken from the stock vessel 5. Liquid oxygen passes through the take-off line 6, the level detection system 31 and the insu-lated line 4 into the gas-phase separator 30. The level detection system 31 automatically keeps the liquid oxygen, used for refining, in the gas-phase separator 30 at the desired level, for which purpose the level is detected by means of the sensor 32.
In the gas-phase separator 30, the gaseous oxygen is separated from the liquid oxygen. The liquid oxygen is fed via line 4 to a blow nozzle which is designed as a multi-jet shower head. The liquid oxygen in an almost unpressurized state is distributed by the shower head with many jets 2 to the surface of the molten metal, and a large reaction area is thereby produced without any hazard.
The gaseous oxygen portion formed by the ingress of exterior heat is separated off by the gas-phase separator 30 upstream of the pump or blow nozzle 1 and returned via a line 34 connected to the orifice 33 into the stock vessel 5 or into an 2 ring line.
As described in connection with Fig. 1, line 4 can additionally be provided with a jacket of a cryogenic medium, in order to avoid premature vaporization.
_ - 6 -If required, other media such as, for example, argon or solids can also be added to the oxygen.
The invention relates to a process for treating molten metals, in particular molten steel, with a refining agent.
It is known to use oxidizing gases or gas mixtures, in particular gaseous oxygen, for the refining of steels.
Usually, the refining process is carried out in converters by top-blowing or blowing-in of the gases or a combination of the two. A number of process designations are derived from the type of the introduction of oxygen, such as, for example the LD process, LDAC process or OBM process. The gaseous oxygen is here fed to the crude iron for reaction through a lance or a bottom bubble brick.
The refining of steels with gaseous oxygen requires a blowing time of 15 to 18 minutes in order to oxidize the elements carbon, silicon, phosphorus and manganese, present in the crude iron bath and to reduce the iron.
The invention provides a process for increasing the refining rate.
Starting from the state of the art, this is achieved, according to the invention, by a process for treating molten metals, in particular molten steel, with a refining agent, which comprises using liquid oxygen or a two-phase mixture of liquid and gaseous oxygen as the refining agent.
There is also provided in accordance with the invention apparatus for treating molten metals, having an oxygen supply device and a blow nozzle connected to the supply device, wherein the supply device is an insulated stock vessel for liquid oxygen and the blow nozzle is designed as a liquid-oxygen blow nozzle or as a combined liquid/gaseous oxygen blow nozzle which is connected via at least one insulated feedline and a liquid-oxygen pump to the liquid-oxygen stock vessel.
212818~
Advantageous further developments of the invention are indicated below.
For the refining of steels, the invention uses liquid oxygen which is in the sub-cooled state as a single-phase liquid at the boiling point or below the boiling point, or is present as a two-phase mixture of liquid and gas. The density of liquid oxygen is 855 times greater than that of gaseous oxygen under st~n~d conditions. As a result, oxygen is provided in a concentrated form to the reaction zone and the reaction rate is thu~ increased. The oxygen introduced in the liquid state results in a larger total quantity, whose influence advantageously controls the refining process with respect to a higher refining rate, a shortening of the blowing time by up to 75% resulting from the invention. The refining procesR can then also be controlled with respect to a higher refining rate by the influence on the gaseous/liquid oxygen ratio and/or by the influence on the oxygen pressure and the geometry of the blow nozzle. The impingement energy can be influenced by varying the liquid oxyye~pressure and the nozzle geometry.
In æome ca~es, it can be increased to such an extent that the jet penetrates into the molten bath. A further point is that the yield of alloy elements and the blowing behaviour are improved and the dust ejection is reduced since, on the one hand, the solubility, and on the other hand, the mixing of the crude iron are improved by the introduction of high-momentum liquid oxygen.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention is Rhown in the drawing and described in more detail below. In the drawing:
Fig. 1 shows a diagrammatic repre~entation of the equipment with a 3-hole liquid-ox~yc.. blow lance and a heat e~ch~nger;
Fig. 2 shows a diagrammatic representation of a 3-hole _ - 3 -blow nozzle with a li~uid-oxygen core jet;
Fig. 3 shows a diagrammatic representation of the equip-ment with a shower head and a gas-phase sepa-rator.
Figure 1 diagrammatically shows a blow nozzle 1 from which a jet 2 of liquid oxygen emerges at high ~elocity of up to 90 m/s and impinges onto the molten steel bath of the converter 3. The liquid oxygen is supplied through an insulated line 4 from an insulated stock vessel 5 for liquid oxygen.
This stock vessel 5 has the conventional piping and valves, not designated in more detail, for taking off liquid and gaseous oxygen. The liquid oxygen required for the process according to the invention is taken from the insulated stock vessel S through the line 6 and - if the pressure of the stock vessel S alone is -not suffi-cient - pressurized to a pressure of up to 50 bar down-stream of the isolation valve 7 by means of the liquid-oxygen pump 8. The line 4 can additionally be provided with a jacket of a cryogenic medium, in order-to avoid-premature vaporization of the oxygen. The sub-cooling of the oxygen is effected with liquid nitrogen or liquid oxygen. Liquid nitrogen has, at ambient pressure, a boiling point which is 13C lower than that of oxygen and is therefore very suitable as a cooling medium.
Liquid oxygen as a suitable cryogenic medium for cooling and sub-cooling has an equilibrium temperature which depends on the ambient pressure. At an ambient pressure of 1 bar, it is -183C and falls when the pressure is lowered. As shown in Fig. 1, the pressurized oxygen-is therefore cooled to the required extent by heat exchange with oxygen under low pressure. The liquid oxygen intended for cooling is branched off from the insulated line 4 downstream of the isolation valve 7 through the line 20 and passed via the level detection system 22 into _ - 4 -the heat exchanger 21.
In the interior of the heat exchanger 21, a vacuum of down to 0.1 bar absolute is generated by means of the pump 24. This lowers the boiling point of the_liquid oxygen in the heat exchanger 21 by up to 17C, so that it can be used as a cooling medium for the refining oxygen.
The temperature difference between the cooling oxygen and the refining oxygen and hence the size of the heat exchanger can be determined by the choice of the vacuum.
The oxygen which is intended for refining and is under 3 to 6 bar tank pressure (corresponding to an equilibrium temperature of -167 to -159C) is passed into copper coils 25 through the heat exchanger 21 and thus cooled by the surrounding cooling oxygen by 16 to 41C, depending on the existing pressure ratio, to a temperature below its boiling point. This sub-cooling can be carried out, as described above with or else without use of a vacuum.
The refining oxygen then passes through the insulated line 4 into the blow nozzle 1 which is surrounded by insulation and a water cooling jac~et 16 (Fig. 2) in order to protect it from the high radiant heat of the molten metal 3. The refining oxygen leaves the blow nozzle 1 by being let down.
The gaseous oxygen arising during the self-cooling of the 2S medium can be used for refining in the conventional manner or in combination with liquid-oxygen refining. A
blow nozzle 1 designed as a 3-hole liquid-oxygen blow lance for this purpose is shown in Fig. 2. The blow nozzle 1 has a central inflow channel 10, connected to an outflow nozzle 11, for liquid oxygen. In the outflow nozzle 11, an outflow channel constricting the liquid oxygen is provided, wherein the liquid oxygen is formed into a jet before it emerges. Concentrically to the inflow channel lO, a feed 13 for gaseous oxygen is provided, which preferably emerges from three outflow orifices 14 which surround the outflow channel 12. The _ - 5 outflow orifices 14 are arranged in a nozzle block 15 which is connected to a jacket pipe 17 having cooling channels 16. The coolant, preferably water, flows in the form of circulation cooling, corresponding to the arrows 18, 19.
According to another embodiment variant, the blow nozzle 1 (Fig. 1) can be designed as a pure li~uid-oxygen blow lance.
Fig. 3 shows equipment for refining with liquid oxygen, by means of which the liquid oxygen is taken from the stock vessel 5. Liquid oxygen passes through the take-off line 6, the level detection system 31 and the insu-lated line 4 into the gas-phase separator 30. The level detection system 31 automatically keeps the liquid oxygen, used for refining, in the gas-phase separator 30 at the desired level, for which purpose the level is detected by means of the sensor 32.
In the gas-phase separator 30, the gaseous oxygen is separated from the liquid oxygen. The liquid oxygen is fed via line 4 to a blow nozzle which is designed as a multi-jet shower head. The liquid oxygen in an almost unpressurized state is distributed by the shower head with many jets 2 to the surface of the molten metal, and a large reaction area is thereby produced without any hazard.
The gaseous oxygen portion formed by the ingress of exterior heat is separated off by the gas-phase separator 30 upstream of the pump or blow nozzle 1 and returned via a line 34 connected to the orifice 33 into the stock vessel 5 or into an 2 ring line.
As described in connection with Fig. 1, line 4 can additionally be provided with a jacket of a cryogenic medium, in order to avoid premature vaporization.
_ - 6 -If required, other media such as, for example, argon or solids can also be added to the oxygen.
Claims (10)
1. A process for treating molten metals, in particular molten steel, with a refining agent, which comprises using liquid oxygen or a two-phase mixture of liquid and gaseous oxygen as the refining agent.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oxygen is blown by means of a blow nozzle into or onto the top of the melt, the oxygen being cooled via the feedline leading to the blow nozzle and/or via the blow nozzle in such a way that the oxygen is at a temperature which is at or below the boiling point of oxygen at the ambient temperature.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid oxygen is cooled by liquid nitrogen or by liquid oxygen in the state of boiling.
4. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein the liquid oxygen is cooled in a heat exchanger with liquid oxygen whose pressure is lower than the pressure of the liquid oxygen used for refining.
5. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein the liquid oxygen used for cooling is under a pressure below the ambient pressure.
6. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein the liquid oxygen is brought by a liquid-oxygen pump to a pressure of from 6 to 50 bar.
7. Apparatus for treating molten metals, in particular molten steel with a refining agent and having an oxygen supply device and a blow nozzle connected to the supply device, wherein the supply device is an insulated stock vessel for liquid oxygen and the blow nozzle is designed as a liquid-oxygen blow nozzle or as a combined liquid/gaseous oxygen blow nozzle which is connected via at least one insulated feedline and a liquid-oxygen pump to the liquid-oxygen stock vessel.
8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the insulated feedline is provided with a jacket of liquid nitrogen or liquid oxygen.
9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the blow nozzle is provided with at least one cooling channel.
10. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 7, 8 or 9, wherein a heat exchanger connected to a vacuum pump is arranged in the line between the pump and the blow nozzle.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002128187A CA2128187A1 (en) | 1994-07-15 | 1994-07-15 | Process for treating molten metals, in particular molten steel, with a refining agent |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002128187A CA2128187A1 (en) | 1994-07-15 | 1994-07-15 | Process for treating molten metals, in particular molten steel, with a refining agent |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2128187A1 true CA2128187A1 (en) | 1996-01-16 |
Family
ID=4154014
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002128187A Abandoned CA2128187A1 (en) | 1994-07-15 | 1994-07-15 | Process for treating molten metals, in particular molten steel, with a refining agent |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2128187A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013185007A1 (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2013-12-12 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method for efficiently delivering liquid argon to a furnace |
| US20130327404A1 (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2013-12-12 | Air Liquide Industrial U.S. Lp | Method for efficiently delivering liquid argon to a furnace |
| WO2014170583A1 (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2014-10-23 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method and facility for supplying at least one machining station with subcooled cryogenic liquid |
| EP2863103A3 (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2015-05-06 | Messer Group GmbH | Device and method for supercooling carbon dioxide |
-
1994
- 1994-07-15 CA CA002128187A patent/CA2128187A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013185007A1 (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2013-12-12 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method for efficiently delivering liquid argon to a furnace |
| US20130327404A1 (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2013-12-12 | Air Liquide Industrial U.S. Lp | Method for efficiently delivering liquid argon to a furnace |
| WO2014170583A1 (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2014-10-23 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method and facility for supplying at least one machining station with subcooled cryogenic liquid |
| FR3004784A1 (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2014-10-24 | Air Liquide | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SUPPLYING AT LEAST ONE WORKING UNIT IN SUB-COOLING CRYOGENIC LIQUID |
| CN105143753A (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2015-12-09 | 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 | Method and facility for supplying at least one machining station with subcooled cryogenic liquid |
| JP2016519263A (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2016-06-30 | レール・リキード−ソシエテ・アノニム・プール・レテュード・エ・レクスプロワタシオン・デ・プロセデ・ジョルジュ・クロード | Method and facility for supplying subcooled cryogenic liquid to at least one machining station |
| CN105143753B (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2017-12-12 | 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 | Method and apparatus for providing from supercooling cryogenic liquid at least one machining station |
| EP2863103A3 (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2015-05-06 | Messer Group GmbH | Device and method for supercooling carbon dioxide |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |