CA2125065A1 - Heat insulating vacuum panel - Google Patents
Heat insulating vacuum panelInfo
- Publication number
- CA2125065A1 CA2125065A1 CA002125065A CA2125065A CA2125065A1 CA 2125065 A1 CA2125065 A1 CA 2125065A1 CA 002125065 A CA002125065 A CA 002125065A CA 2125065 A CA2125065 A CA 2125065A CA 2125065 A1 CA2125065 A1 CA 2125065A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- foam material
- heat insulating
- vacuum panel
- insulating vacuum
- synthetic foam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/32—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed at least two layers being foamed and next to each other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/36—After-treatment
- C08J9/40—Impregnation
- C08J9/405—Impregnation with polymerisable compounds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D23/00—General constructional features
- F25D23/06—Walls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/02—Organic
- B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2266/0278—Polyurethane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/06—Open cell foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/02—Cellular or porous
- B32B2305/022—Foam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
- C08J2205/05—Open cells, i.e. more than 50% of the pores are open
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2201/00—Insulation
- F25D2201/10—Insulation with respect to heat
- F25D2201/12—Insulation with respect to heat using an insulating packing material
- F25D2201/126—Insulation with respect to heat using an insulating packing material of cellular type
- F25D2201/1262—Insulation with respect to heat using an insulating packing material of cellular type with open cells
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2201/00—Insulation
- F25D2201/10—Insulation with respect to heat
- F25D2201/14—Insulation with respect to heat using subatmospheric pressure
Abstract
HEAT INSULATING VACUUM PANEL
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A heat insulating vacuum panel consists of a) an open-cell rigid synthetic foam material which is obtained through impregnation of an open-cell synthetic foam material with polyisocyanates and subsequent curing, and b) a film sheet covering the rigid synthetic foam material. The film sheet that contains the foam material is evacuated and hermetically sealed.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A heat insulating vacuum panel consists of a) an open-cell rigid synthetic foam material which is obtained through impregnation of an open-cell synthetic foam material with polyisocyanates and subsequent curing, and b) a film sheet covering the rigid synthetic foam material. The film sheet that contains the foam material is evacuated and hermetically sealed.
Description
- `` 212 5 0 6 5 Mo4089 HEAT INSULATING VACUUM PANEL
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is already known how to manufacture heat insulating vacuum - panels from porous materials, and a film sheet covering the porous material. The "hollow space" of the porous material is made air-tight by evacuation. The porous material can consist of either porous bulk material or of rigid foam material. The film sheet normally consists of a combination of several layers, whereby different functions such as diffusion resistance against various gases and medhanical hardening are performed by using the various layers. The most frequently sold vacuum panels have a core of porous bulk material, usually based on silicates.
The use of rigid polyurethane foam as a filling material for a vacuum panel is described in U.S. Patent 4,668,555 (corresponding to European Patent 188,806). The challenge of this process is to achieve the required open-cells through precise recipe selection, and meeting -certain prooess parameters. Rigid polyurethane foam materials are primarily dosed-cell by nature. Another problem is the diffusion of volaffle components such as amines, blowing agents, and also monomers when using rigid polyurethane foam materials as carrier matefials for vacuum panels. An advantage of rigid polyurethane foam materials in comparison with porous bulk materials, is their precise dimensioning as a finished vacuum panel, as well as their size accuracy. -British Patent 1,308,468 describes a process for irreversibly ~ncreasing the volume of foams by swelling the foam and thereafler rendering the swelling permanent by treating the foam with one or more reagents which react to produce solids in the cells of the foam.
LeA 29 673-US
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is already known how to manufacture heat insulating vacuum - panels from porous materials, and a film sheet covering the porous material. The "hollow space" of the porous material is made air-tight by evacuation. The porous material can consist of either porous bulk material or of rigid foam material. The film sheet normally consists of a combination of several layers, whereby different functions such as diffusion resistance against various gases and medhanical hardening are performed by using the various layers. The most frequently sold vacuum panels have a core of porous bulk material, usually based on silicates.
The use of rigid polyurethane foam as a filling material for a vacuum panel is described in U.S. Patent 4,668,555 (corresponding to European Patent 188,806). The challenge of this process is to achieve the required open-cells through precise recipe selection, and meeting -certain prooess parameters. Rigid polyurethane foam materials are primarily dosed-cell by nature. Another problem is the diffusion of volaffle components such as amines, blowing agents, and also monomers when using rigid polyurethane foam materials as carrier matefials for vacuum panels. An advantage of rigid polyurethane foam materials in comparison with porous bulk materials, is their precise dimensioning as a finished vacuum panel, as well as their size accuracy. -British Patent 1,308,468 describes a process for irreversibly ~ncreasing the volume of foams by swelling the foam and thereafler rendering the swelling permanent by treating the foam with one or more reagents which react to produce solids in the cells of the foam.
LeA 29 673-US
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Surprisingly, it has now been discovered that an excellent carrier material for vacuum panels can be produced efficiently with a method by curing an open-cell synthetic foam material with polyisocyanates. In this approach, use is made of the process described in British Patent 1,308,468 (corresponding to German Auslegeschrift 1,911,645).
The open-cell synthetic foam material serves, in effect, only as a mold since it does not require any strength. The strength is achieved -through impregnation and subsequent curing of the polyisocyanate used -according to the present invention.
me invention is therefore directed to a heat insulating vacuum panel, consisting of: -a) an open-cell rigid synthetic foam material which is obtained through impregnation of an open-cell synthetic foam material with a polyisocyanate and subsequent curing of said polyisocyanate, and b) afilm-sheetcovering the rigid syntheticfoam material, whereby the film sheet containing the foam material is evacuated and then hermetically sealed.
According to the invention, it is preferred that 1) the syntheUc foam material be a polyurethane foam material, 2) the synthetic foam material be an open-cell foam produced by pressing and calendaring prior to the impregnation with the polyisocyanate, 3) the synthetic foam material be impregnated with polyisocyanate using calendaring, 4) the synthetic foam material have a cell size between 0.01 mm and ~ mm, Mo4089 ~:
:~.
. ~ .
212~06~
Surprisingly, it has now been discovered that an excellent carrier material for vacuum panels can be produced efficiently with a method by curing an open-cell synthetic foam material with polyisocyanates. In this approach, use is made of the process described in British Patent 1,308,468 (corresponding to German Auslegeschrift 1,911,645).
The open-cell synthetic foam material serves, in effect, only as a mold since it does not require any strength. The strength is achieved -through impregnation and subsequent curing of the polyisocyanate used -according to the present invention.
me invention is therefore directed to a heat insulating vacuum panel, consisting of: -a) an open-cell rigid synthetic foam material which is obtained through impregnation of an open-cell synthetic foam material with a polyisocyanate and subsequent curing of said polyisocyanate, and b) afilm-sheetcovering the rigid syntheticfoam material, whereby the film sheet containing the foam material is evacuated and then hermetically sealed.
According to the invention, it is preferred that 1) the syntheUc foam material be a polyurethane foam material, 2) the synthetic foam material be an open-cell foam produced by pressing and calendaring prior to the impregnation with the polyisocyanate, 3) the synthetic foam material be impregnated with polyisocyanate using calendaring, 4) the synthetic foam material have a cell size between 0.01 mm and ~ mm, Mo4089 ~:
:~.
. ~ .
212~06~
5) the polyisocyanate-saturated synthetic foam material be freed from volatile components by tempering at temperatures between 50 - 250C, preferably 120 - 200C, at low pressure if necessary, prior to covering with the film sheet, and 6) a mulU-layer film sheet be used as the covering film sheet, ; ~
preferably a polyethylenelaluminum sheet or polyethylene/ ~ -polyvinylalcohol sheet.
All known film sheets; for example, laminated sheets can be 10 considered for the vacuum panel herein since they are also used for the manufacture of commercial vacuum panels. Laminations of polyethylene -~
sheet with polyvinyl alcohol sheet or polyethylene sheet with aluminum sheet are particularly preferred.
All synthetic foam materials can be consldered for the foam 15 material of the present invention. Since the required strength is achieved through a subsequent impregnation and polymefization of the isocyanab - ~ to be used based on the invention, no requirements are imposed on the mechanical strength of the foam material itself. However, it is important that the foam materials used have a fine cell structure for the heat .
20 insulaUng characterisUcs of the vacuum panels. Therefore, foam materials with a cell size of smaller than O.1 mm are preferred.
The polyisocyanates mentioned in British Patent 1,308,468 (the disclosure which Is hereby incorporated by reference) are suibble as the polyisocyanate. The teaching of British Patent 1,308,468 is preferably 25 followed dur~ng ~he ~mpregnation of the foam and the curing of the polyisocyanate therein.
Another advantage of the vacuum panels herein is that the foam materjal can be ta~lored prior to or after the impregnation. Thus, the foam material can be manufactured at a location (both in space and Ume) `
Mo4089 . . . ~
212~065 .
remot~ from the site where the vacuum panels are finally produced.
The vacuum panels obtained based on ~he invention can be used in all applications for insulating materials. Preferred is their application in cooling appliances and refrigerators, where there are especially high 5 requirements imposed on the insulation capability.
The invention is further illustrated but is not intended to be limited by the following examples in which all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.
EXAMPLE
100 weight parts of a polypropylene glycol ether, in which trimethylpropane and 1,2 propylene glycol (1:1) were used as the starter (OH-number 47), were mixed with 2.7 weight parts of water, 0.8 weight parts of silicone stabilizer, 0.1 weight part permethylated diethylene-triamine and 0.23 weight parts of a tin salt of 2-ethylcaproic acid. 45.9 weight parts of isomer mixture consisting of 80 weight parts 1-methyl-benzene-2,4-diisocyanate and 20 weight parts 1-methylbenzene-2,6-diisocyanate were added to this mixture and mixed well with a high-speed mixer. The white elastic foam material showed an extensive open-cell structure, and had a volume of about 35 kg/m3.
The foam material was impregnated and cured with a polyisocyanate (TDI) according to the process of example 44 of British Patent 1,308,468. The rigid foam material thus obtained was heated to 120-C
for 2 hours in order to remove all volatile components. The foam material was then covered by a film sheet. This film sheet consisted of three layers (polyester, aluminum, and polyethylene). The mold was evacuated for 35 minutes until the pressure in the foam was 0.001 mm Hg, and thereafter i~ was hermetically sealed.
The resultant vacuum panel has a heat conductivity of 0.009 W/Km (at 24-C).
Mo4089 212~06~
Although the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing for the purpose of illustration, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that variations can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of 5 the invention except as it may be limited by the claims.
Mo4089 '~ ' ~ ' ;
preferably a polyethylenelaluminum sheet or polyethylene/ ~ -polyvinylalcohol sheet.
All known film sheets; for example, laminated sheets can be 10 considered for the vacuum panel herein since they are also used for the manufacture of commercial vacuum panels. Laminations of polyethylene -~
sheet with polyvinyl alcohol sheet or polyethylene sheet with aluminum sheet are particularly preferred.
All synthetic foam materials can be consldered for the foam 15 material of the present invention. Since the required strength is achieved through a subsequent impregnation and polymefization of the isocyanab - ~ to be used based on the invention, no requirements are imposed on the mechanical strength of the foam material itself. However, it is important that the foam materials used have a fine cell structure for the heat .
20 insulaUng characterisUcs of the vacuum panels. Therefore, foam materials with a cell size of smaller than O.1 mm are preferred.
The polyisocyanates mentioned in British Patent 1,308,468 (the disclosure which Is hereby incorporated by reference) are suibble as the polyisocyanate. The teaching of British Patent 1,308,468 is preferably 25 followed dur~ng ~he ~mpregnation of the foam and the curing of the polyisocyanate therein.
Another advantage of the vacuum panels herein is that the foam materjal can be ta~lored prior to or after the impregnation. Thus, the foam material can be manufactured at a location (both in space and Ume) `
Mo4089 . . . ~
212~065 .
remot~ from the site where the vacuum panels are finally produced.
The vacuum panels obtained based on ~he invention can be used in all applications for insulating materials. Preferred is their application in cooling appliances and refrigerators, where there are especially high 5 requirements imposed on the insulation capability.
The invention is further illustrated but is not intended to be limited by the following examples in which all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.
EXAMPLE
100 weight parts of a polypropylene glycol ether, in which trimethylpropane and 1,2 propylene glycol (1:1) were used as the starter (OH-number 47), were mixed with 2.7 weight parts of water, 0.8 weight parts of silicone stabilizer, 0.1 weight part permethylated diethylene-triamine and 0.23 weight parts of a tin salt of 2-ethylcaproic acid. 45.9 weight parts of isomer mixture consisting of 80 weight parts 1-methyl-benzene-2,4-diisocyanate and 20 weight parts 1-methylbenzene-2,6-diisocyanate were added to this mixture and mixed well with a high-speed mixer. The white elastic foam material showed an extensive open-cell structure, and had a volume of about 35 kg/m3.
The foam material was impregnated and cured with a polyisocyanate (TDI) according to the process of example 44 of British Patent 1,308,468. The rigid foam material thus obtained was heated to 120-C
for 2 hours in order to remove all volatile components. The foam material was then covered by a film sheet. This film sheet consisted of three layers (polyester, aluminum, and polyethylene). The mold was evacuated for 35 minutes until the pressure in the foam was 0.001 mm Hg, and thereafter i~ was hermetically sealed.
The resultant vacuum panel has a heat conductivity of 0.009 W/Km (at 24-C).
Mo4089 212~06~
Although the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing for the purpose of illustration, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that variations can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of 5 the invention except as it may be limited by the claims.
Mo4089 '~ ' ~ ' ;
Claims (7)
1. A heat insulating vacuum panel, consisting of a) an open-cell rigid synthetic foam material which is obtained through impregnation of an open-cell synthetic foam material with polyisocyanate and subsequent curing of said polyisocyanate, and b) a cover of rigid synthetic foam material, whereby the film sheet that contains the foam material is evacuated and is hermetically sealed.
2. The heat insulating vacuum panel of Claim 1, wherein the synthetic foam material is a polyurethane foam material.
3. The heat insulating vacuum panel of Claim 2, wherein the synthetic foam material has an open-cell structure obtained by pressing or calendaring prior to impregnating with polyisocyanate.
4. The heat insulating vacuum panel of Claim 3, wherein the synthetic foam material is impregnated with the polyisocyanate using calendaring.
5. The heat insulating vacuum panel of Claim 4, wherein the synthetic foam material has a cell size between 0.01 mm and 1 mm.
6. The heat insulating vacuum panel of Claim 5, wherein the synthetic foam material which is impregnated with polyisocyanate prior to covering with the film sheet is freed of volatile components by tempering at temperatures between 50 and 250°C.
7. The heat insulating vacuum panel of Claim 1, wherein the film sheet used as the cover is a laminate.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP4319188.6 | 1993-06-09 | ||
| DE4319188A DE4319188A1 (en) | 1993-06-09 | 1993-06-09 | Heat-insulating body |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2125065A1 true CA2125065A1 (en) | 1994-12-10 |
Family
ID=6490009
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002125065A Abandoned CA2125065A1 (en) | 1993-06-09 | 1994-06-03 | Heat insulating vacuum panel |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2125065A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4319188A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6562268B1 (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 2003-05-13 | Davidson Textron, Inc | Interior trim panels and method for manufacturing such panels using silaceous materials |
| GB2331838A (en) * | 1997-11-24 | 1999-06-02 | Coolbox | Portable,thermoelectric,temperature controlled receptacles. |
| EP0990406A3 (en) * | 1998-09-05 | 2001-05-23 | Isovac Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH | Thermally insulating housing |
| DE19923382A1 (en) * | 1999-05-21 | 2000-11-23 | Bsh Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete | Heat-insulating wall, like refrigerator housing, refrigerator door or similar has inner and/or outer cladding provided on side facing thermally insulating layer with devices |
| DE10211274B4 (en) * | 2002-03-13 | 2012-08-23 | Basf Se | Subsequent cured foams, process for their preparation and their use |
| DE102004030925A1 (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2006-01-12 | Basf Ag | Porous carrier material containing isocyanate |
| AU2012224772B2 (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2015-09-03 | Basf Se | Composite elements |
-
1993
- 1993-06-09 DE DE4319188A patent/DE4319188A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-06-03 CA CA002125065A patent/CA2125065A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4319188A1 (en) | 1994-12-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |