CA2104388A1 - Process for dispersing, mixing or homogenising mixtures and device for implementing it - Google Patents
Process for dispersing, mixing or homogenising mixtures and device for implementing itInfo
- Publication number
- CA2104388A1 CA2104388A1 CA002104388A CA2104388A CA2104388A1 CA 2104388 A1 CA2104388 A1 CA 2104388A1 CA 002104388 A CA002104388 A CA 002104388A CA 2104388 A CA2104388 A CA 2104388A CA 2104388 A1 CA2104388 A1 CA 2104388A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- grinding
- rotation
- accordance
- grinding chamber
- wall elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/40—Mixers with rotor-rotor system, e.g. with intermeshing teeth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F29/00—Mixers with rotating receptacles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/25—Mixers with loose mixing elements, e.g. loose balls in a receptacle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/16—Mills in which a fixed container houses stirring means tumbling the charge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F2025/91—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
In a process for dispersing, mixing or homogenising solid/liquid and/or liquid/liquid mixtures, the dispersion or emulsion to be homogenised is introduced into a rotating grinding chamber at least partly filled with grinding bodies and bounded by at least two rotary wall components. The dispersion or emulsion to the homogenised is taken through the grinding chamber transversely to the axis of rotation of the wall components. In a device for implementing the process with a grinding chamber in which there are grinding bodies, the grinding chamber is bounded by at least two wall components which can be rotated and it has at least one inlet and/or outlet aperture on its sides facing and away from the axis of rotation.
In a process for dispersing, mixing or homogenising solid/liquid and/or liquid/liquid mixtures, the dispersion or emulsion to be homogenised is introduced into a rotating grinding chamber at least partly filled with grinding bodies and bounded by at least two rotary wall components. The dispersion or emulsion to the homogenised is taken through the grinding chamber transversely to the axis of rotation of the wall components. In a device for implementing the process with a grinding chamber in which there are grinding bodies, the grinding chamber is bounded by at least two wall components which can be rotated and it has at least one inlet and/or outlet aperture on its sides facing and away from the axis of rotation.
Description
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The invention relates to a process for dispersing, blending or homogenizing of solid/li~uid and/or liguid/liquid mixtures, and to a device for executing this process, having a grinding chamber in which grinding bodies are disposed.
In accordance with a previous proposal in accordance with Austrian application A 2384/90 (Austrian Letters Patent ...... ~
a de~ice for blending, homogenizing or reacting o~ a~ least two components was already known, wherein it was possible to omit separate mixing tools. Thus, in contrast to known stirring apparatus which dip into a container, ~he intent of this previous proposal had been to bring the material to be mixed into motion in respect to itsel~, so that at adjoining partial areas a strong relative movement o~ the material to be mixed is generated. The . :
mixing zone formed in this way was intended to lead to blending as --homogeneously as possible in the area of the mixing zone. To vary ~ :
the mixing results, it was furthermore pr~posed to put the mixing zone under pressure by changing the volume of the rotating ~, container, in which connection the use of such compression pressure was o~ importance, in particular in view o~ the :possibility ts achieve desired chemical reactions of individual :
components with each other. Continuous operation was possible in the pr vious proposal in that the blended material could be drawn off in the axial direction o~ the containerO i.e. in the direction of the axis o~ rotation, wherein ~he partial section in which the most intense mixing took place was limited to the ~ront faces, located opposite from each other, of oppositely dire~ted, op~n, cylindrical ~ontainers.
Now, it is the object of the invention to improve an installation of the previously mentioned type in such a way that with small structuraI ùimensions it is possible to increase the ' .
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mixing zone substantially, and w~erein furthermore the possibility is created to improve homogenizatic3n, even when using substances which are hard to mix with each okher, in particular solid/liquid mixtures and liguid/liquid mixtures, for obtaining a dispersion or an emulsion. By means of the proce~ss of the invention it is simultaneously.intended to create the possibility to counteract effectively the possible formation of clumps, which might occur in ~!~
the course of producing such dispersions, and to split up assuredly agglomerations of the smallest size. Besides the assured ~lending, it is intended by means of the process of the invention to perform wet grinding and intense dispersion successfully even in cases where liquids of relatively high viscosity are used and where, because of the high viscosity, the separation of the grinding bodies from the liquid component is dif~icult with conventional processes. In accordance with the invention it is intended at the same time that an assured and easy separation o~ the grinding bodies is successful in spite of high viscosity, even if grinding bodies~are used which have an extremely small diameter and where there are extremely slight di~ferences in density in respect to the dispersion to ba produced. Due to the employment of basic-materials of higher viscosity it is also intended to process concentrates, whexein the throughput can be considerably reduced, for example when producing dilutable dyes on the basis of ~ynthetic resin pigmenk.
To attain this object, ~he pro¢ess of the invention e~sentially consists in introducing the di~persion or emulsion to . .
be homogenized into a rotating grinding chamber which is at least ,, partially filled with grinding bodies and is bounded by at least two rotatable ~all elements, and in ~oving or guiding the dispersion or emulsion to be homogenized through the a~nular .
chamber in a direction crosswise to the axis (axes) of rotation of the wall elements. Due to the fact that the dispersion or `~
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emulsion to be homogenized is introduced into a rotating grinding chamber which is at least partially ~illed with grinding bodies and is bounded by at least two rotatable wall elements~ a mixing zone is formed between the rotating wall elements, which with small dimension altogether assures a relatively large partial æection of intense bl~nding. At the same time intense wet grinding is assured because of the at least partial filling of the grinding chamber with grinding bodies, wherein an int~nse acceleration of the grinding bodies and hlendlng takes place at ~he interface between the rotating areas ~ the grinding chamber. .
Because o~ the rotation of the rotatable wall elements and thus the rotation of the grinding chamber, a centrifugal force is simultaneously exercised on the grinding bodies which leads to the grinding bodies moving again~t each other under high pressure over a greater diameter o~ the grindlng chamber and ~or this reason a high compression pressure and thu~ an improved ~et grinding result is achieved in this partial area of the grinding chamber. But, simultaneously with this directed movement of the grinding bodies in the ~irection of the centrifugal force, the separation of the grinding bodies from the prepared emulsion or ~he prepared dispersion is now also improved, so that it is posæible to draw off the finished material to be ground in a simple way over a reduced diameter, for example on the side of the grinding chamber i located opposite this compression o~ the grinding bodies, without there being a need here for convenkional separating tachniques, such as the use of filters or screens, which tend to become clogged~ Thus it is possible to improve the separation of the grinding bodie~ from the dlspersion or the emulsion considerably by means of the process of the invention, the improvement being, amongst oth~r things, that it is po~sible to eliminate the use of screens or filters when drawing o~f the mixture, for which purpose the process of the in~entivn i~ executed in such a way that the .
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dispersion or emulsion to be homogenized is moved or guided through the grinding chamber crosswise to the axis (axes) of rotation o* the wall elem2nts.
With wall elements which rotate in relation to each other, the partial area of intense blendinlg between the rotating partial areas of the ~rinding chamber or mi:xing chamber is formed by an annular plane which e~sentially extends normally in respect to the axes o~ rotation. With an appropriate design of the rotating wall elements, however, the ~eparation plane and thus the zone of the most intense blending can al~o be located in a plane corresponding to the surface area of a cone. Blending or swirling is a function of the relative speed existing between adjoining areas of the mixing chamber or grinding chamber. With opposite rotation o~ the wall surfaces this relative speed, and thus the dispersing effeot becomes particularly high, where in connection with this a : -resulting centri~ugal force in the grinding chamber ~or separating the grinding bodies should altogether be taken into consideration. ..
Th~s, the process ~an be advan~ageously executed in such a way ~ .
that the mixing proces~ is performed between wall element~ which ¢~
rotate in relation to each other with different rpm and/or direction of rotation.
The axes of rotation o~ the wall elements which are ~
rotatable in relation to each other can be different from each ~, other and essentially extend parallel to ~ach oth2r, by ~eans o~
which it is possible to achieve a certain amount of eccentricity of the rotational movement in relation to the interface between the particles which rotate in relation to each other, and thu~ a ~:
particularly intense blending.
If the axes of rotation extend inclinsd toward each other, it is additionally possible to achieve a kneading e~ect to improve the hlending over the entire radial extent of the grinding :
chamber. When employing wall elaments with axes of rotation which '.' ~
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2 L f~ 3~3 are inclined toward each other, the wall elements can be driven at the same speed and in the same dir~3ction of rotation, the result of which is that a total movement of the m.ixture of material to be ground - grinding bodies is produced during each revolution, in spite of a small relative movement between the disks or wall elements and the material to be ground. This means that the energy supply can take place optimally and that the danger of local overheating, especially when processing materials of higher viscosity, does not exist. The possibility of being able to drive both wall elements at the same rpm and still to achieYe an optimum grinding/mixing effect, also means a considerably ~implification of the entire structure and in the end improves the centri~ugal effects on all grinding bodies.
In this case the process is preferably executed in such a way that the material to be mixed or the mixture of grinding bodies/material to be ground is put into rotation at the same rotational speed as the two wall elements, and that the material to be ~ixed or the mixture o~ grinding bodies/material to be ground are moved at least once in the direction of the axis of rotation and once in the direction away from the axis of rotation during each rsvolution. The total result of this is that the relative movement in the direction of rotation between the grinding bodies/material to be ground and the driving disks or wall elements is practically zero and the exclusive mixing and grinding effects are achieved through the displacement of the mixture in the radial direction. It i~ achieved by means of this to set the pressure forces and separation effects exclusively as a ~unction of the common rpm of these disks.
~ lowever, to simpli~y sealing and to simplify construction of a corresponding device it is easily po~sible.to dispose the axes of rotation coaxially in respect to each other. There is the :
additional po~sibility to provide, outside of the grinding chamber .
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bounded by the rotating wall elements, an additional possibility o~ prs-blending under high shearing stress. For this purpose the process of the invention is advantageously performed in such a way that the dispersion or emulsion to:be homogenized is subjected, prior to its entry into the grinding chamber, to a shearing stress between rotating surfaces at the outside of the wall elements of the grinding chamber, wherein such ia per~ormance oP the process by means of a structurally relatively simple device results in an additional intQnse blending.
Good separation of the grinding bodies from the dispersed or homogenized ground ~aterial without an expensive separation techni~ue can be achieved in that the dispersion or ~mulsion to be homogenized is conveyed through the grinding chamber in a direction opposite to the direction of movement generated ~y the !~
centrifugal force.
The material to be homogenized or dispersed can be advantageously fed in the radial direction from the out$ide to the inside, wherein the process can be performed continuously in a ~ -particularly simple manner in that the homo~enized mixture is drawn off via an axial conduit~ To set the appropriate pressure requirements and flow conditions, the outflow via the axial con*uit can be appropriately throttled. As a whole, because of the possibility of being able to ~reely select the rpm and/or the direction of rotation of the wall elements which rotate in respect to each other, over a large range and the po~sibility o~ setting the respective flow speed and pressure conditions, an adaptability to differant basic materials results, and homogenizing and ..
blending even of difficult to mix, highly viscous substances, along with a simultaneous improvement o~ homogenization and of fine di~tribution or dispersion can be achieved~ In the GOUrse of this the advantageous process is to ~ill the grinding chamber up ~'~
to maxlmally 75% by volume preferably ~0~ by volume with gFinding ''''' .
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bodies of an effective diameter of less than O.5 mm, preferably less than 0.1 mm.
The device in accordance wit!h the invention for executing this process, requiring little spacle and a small structural and installation outlay, and which in piarticular assures the adaptability to different basic materials, along with improved homogenization and blending at the ~same time, is advantageously embodied in such a way that the grinding chamber is bounded by at least two wall elements which can be rotatably driven~ and that the grinding chamber has at least one feed and/or dra~-off opening on its sides facing towards and away ~rom the axis ~axes~ of rotation. In this case the feed opening can be connected to the front of the grinding cha~ber located radially on the outside, while the draw~off opening can terminate into an axial conduit in an area close to the axis. In a particularly simple manner, both of these openings can be formed by slits extending over the circumference of the grinding chamber, wherein the embodiment advantageously is made in such a way that the slits are located in a common separation plane of the grinding chamber which essentially extends normally in respect to the axis (axes) of rotation of the wall elements. With an embodiment o~ this type ~-.
the result i~ a relatively large zone of intense blending with, at the same time, small dimensions in the area of the annular plane defined betwe~n the rotating partial areas. In place of the formation of a slit in the near-axial area for a draw-off opening by means o~ appropriate axial extensions o~ the wall elements, it i~of course also possible to form the draw-o~ opening by means of an axial conduit formed in at least one wall element, wherein appropriate throttling means can be pro~ided in this conduitO The .
grinding chamber has a generally circular exterior circumferential surface an~, in the case of being embodied with slit-shaped , ,~ ' .
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openings in the near-axial area, is embodied as a toroid or annular chamber.
A further improvement o~ the ability to set the pressure conditions and the intensity of wet grinding can of course be achieved in the case were the grinding bodies in their movement in the direction of the centrifugal force are subjected to a particularly close proximity to each other with the simultaneous .i, increase of the prassure forces which become effactive when they ;.
near each other. This is made advantageously possible by a structural design in which the grinding chamber, bounded by the !
wall elements of the grinding chamber, is embodied, in a cross-~ectional plane conkaining at least one axis of rotation, tapering crosswise in respect to this axis of rotation. In the course of the movement in accordance with centrifugal forca of the grinding bodies in a cone tapering in this way, intensive blending is also assured outside of the surface where the primary blending takes place, because of which the ef~ect of homogenization and the splitting of the smallest agglomerates is even more success~ul.
The embodiment is advantageousiy ~ade in such a way that .:, the wall elements are formed ~y half-shells, which are rotatably seated around a common axis and connected with separate drives, :.
which results in a simple construction with simple seating. Pre- ;
mixing beromes advantageously possible on the outside of the ~.
mixing chamber or grinding chamber by means of the application of large shear forces in that the embodiment is provided in such a way that a wall element is connected, fixed against relative rotation/ with a part which extends over the second wall element and ~orms a gap, and that the feed line terminates in this gap. :
Intense blending, during which it might be possible to omit shear stress, can be achieved with an embodiment of the device in which the axes of rotation of the wall elements are disposed inclined in relation to each other and adjoin each other, ~8- :
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enclosing an obtuse angleO If such a device is operated at the same rpm and the same direction of rotation of the wall elements, in particular disks, the relative movement of the wall elements is reduced to a cyclic squeezing, and ~enerates a kneading effect, on which a shear stress at the boundary surfaces can also be superimposed, if differences in rpm or direction of rotation are permitted.
For further setting and adaptability of the conditions to different mixtures, the embodiment is preferably such that the angle between the axsis of rotation of the wall elements can be continuously changed.
The invention will be described below b~ means o~ an exemplary embodiment schematically shown in the drawings. Shown therein are: in Fig. 1 a partial section through a ~irst embodiment of a device in accordance with the invention for .:-executing the process of the invention; and in Fig. 2 a variant embodiment oE the d~vice of the invention with wall elements having axes of rotation inclined toward~ each other.
Only one half of the rotationally symmetrical embodiment of the device is shown in section in Fig. 1, the entire device enæuing ~rom the reflection along the common axis of the two wall elements which delimit the grinding chamber~
The device for dispersing, blending or homogenizing of solid/liquid and/or liquid/liquid mixtuxes consists of a housing, ~`
generally identified by 1, in which a first wall element 2 in the shape of a half-shell is seated, rotatable around an axis o~
rotation 3 by means of a drive, not shown in detail. ~he shell-shaped wall element 2, together with a second, also rotatably seated shell-shaped wall element 4, delimits a grinding chamber 5 e~bodied as an annular chamber, wherein the grinding chamber in the second half o:E the drawings is indicated by dashed lines and 5' for making clear the symmetrical de~ign~ In the embodiment _9~
~.
~ ~L ~ !~ 3 ~ ~3 shown, the second wall elemant ~ is also rotated around the axis 3 by means of a drive, not shown in detail. A bearing for the wall element 4 in the housing 1 has been indicated by 6. A part 7, which extends over the outer surface of the second wall element 4, is connected, fixed against relative rotation, with the first rotating wall element 2, as indicat:ed by 8, wherein the bearings ~or the first wall element 2 and the part 7 connected therewith are indicated by 9 and 10.
In this case the two shell-shaped wall elements 2 and 4 which delimit the grinding chamber ~ rotate around the common axis 3 at different rpm and/or different directions of rotation. The material to be blended, or the solid/liquid and/or liquid/li~uid mixtures, enters the gap 12 between the outside wall 13 of the second wall element 4 and the inside wall 14 o~ the part 7 connected with the first wall element 2 via a feed line or a connector 11, wherein ia strong shear stress of the introduced material is caused in this gap 12 by means of the el~ments 4 and 7, which rotate at different speeds and/or different direction o~
rotation. ~hen the material reaches the grinding chamber or annular chamber 5 via a slit or a ~eed opening 15, in which up to 75% by volume of grinding hodias, not shown, having an e~ective diameter of less than O.5 mm, are disposed to assist dispersion, .
blending or homogenizing of the fed-in materials. In the grinding chamber 5, the fed-in materials are also subjected to a shear and mixing stress in that the two wall elaments 2 and ~ which deli~it or:define the grinding chamber are driven at di~ferent rpm and/or in a di~ferent direction of rotation, which results in a mixing plane which is essentially formed by a circular plane. The appropriately blended or homogenized material is drawn o~f via a gap I6 facing the axis of rotation 3 and located between the ~;.
rotating wall elements, and.is removed via an axial conduit 17.
In this case, the gaps 15 and 16 which define the feed and draw- i --10-- 1"
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off openings for the material to be mixed or homogenized, are located in a common plane extending normally in respect to the axis of rotation 3.
The grinding chamber S has a cross section which conically tapers from an area of the draw-off opening 16 near the axis toward an area.of the feed opening 15 remote from the axis, so that there is a high concentration of grinding bodies in the area .:
of entry into grinding chamber 5, which is aided by the direction of movement of the grinding bodies in the grinding chamber or annular chamber S, caused by centrifugal force~ At the same time it is possible, based on the illustrated arrangement of the feed and draw-of~ openings, to ~mit filters or screens or the like in the area of the draw-off opening 16 ~or separating the grinding bodies, because the grinding bodies are ef~ectively moved in a direction away from the axis o~ rotation 3 by centrifugal force, so that, eVen in the case where the penetrating cross s~ction Of the gap or the draw-off opening 16 is greater than the particle size of the grinding bodies, and even with high viscosity of the ~aterials to be mixed, the escape of the grinding bodies is ~ssuredly prevented because of the high rotating speeds and the strains. Throttling devices, not shown in detail, are provided in the axial conduit 17 ~or regulation or control of the through-flow to achieve a desired result. '-In case that two wall elements 2 and 4 have axes of rotation which are different from each other but are parallel to ~each other, the particular result is an eccentric movement of the one ~all element in relation to the other, so that a corresponding narrowing and wid~ning of the gap 12 between the outer surface of the wall element 4 and the inner surface of the rota-ting part 7 can be achieved. . ..
In the case where the mixtures to ~e homogenized or ~.
dispersed have a greater specific weight than the grinding bodies, ., ... . _ - - --- . :
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2 ~ ~ 1 3 '~ ~ , it is possible to reverse the functions of the feed and draw-off openings 15 or 16 by means of an appropriate selection of the para~eters during blending or homogenizing. :
In the embodiment of Fig. 2, again a shell-shaped wall element 2 is driven around an axis of rotation 3 by me~ns of a drive, not shown in detail, to produce a rotating movement.
Again, a part 7, extending over the second wall element 7, is ';
connected secure against relative rotation with the wall element 2, in which case only the bearings 10 are sketched in. Differing from the embodiment in accordance with Fig. 1, the second shell-shaped wall e~ement has an axis of rotation 18, which differs from the axis of rotation 3 of the first wall element 2, and encloses an obtuse angle with the axis of rotation 3. Because of the inclined disposition of the second wall element 4 in relation to th~ first wall element 2, a grinding chamber 5 is created, the cross section of which, again starting at the central area, tapers in the direction toward the areas remote from the axis, which :~
results in different cross-sectional surfaces in different sections b~cause of the inclination of the wall element 4 in respect to the wall el~ment 2. Because of this, if the shell~
~shaped wall elements 2 and 4 are moved in the same direction and at the same rpm, it is possible to move the entire material to be homogenized, including the schematically indicated grinding balls 19, simultaneously without a noticeable relative movement between the grinding bodies 19 and the disks 2 or 4 occurring. ~lending and homogenizing in this device is accomplished by an appropriate kneading effect, which is caused by the different cross-sectional surfaces particularly in khe radially outwardly located areas of the grinding chamber 5 because of the inclin~d position of the wall alement 4 in respect to the wall element 2. A kneading effect similar to the one in the grinding chamber 5 is caused in the gap 12 between the outer surface 13 of the wall element 4 and `;
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2 ~ 8 the innQr surface of the part 7 extending over the wall element 4 and connected fixed against relative rotation with the first wall element. Thus, appropriate pre-processing also results with this embodiment before the material enters the grinding chamber 5 via a slit or gap 15, similar to the firs,t embodiment of Fig. 1, in the course of which in the embodiment of Fig. 2 the blended material is drawn off directly via the axial conduit 17. Again the small grinding bodies are moved by centri~ugal force into areas o~ the grinding ch~mber 5 remote from the ~xes of rotation 3 or 18, wherein, because of the cross-sectional surface which tapers to different degrees, a particularly strong stress by means o~ the grinding bodies 19 again takes place immediately prior to the entry ~f the material to be blended or homogenized into the grinding chamber 5.
~he result of this embodiment, which employs a kneading .
effect, is that the mixing and grinding effect is practically exclusively caused by the forward movement of the mixture in the radial direction. The result as a whole is that thers is no relative movement between the wall elements 2 or 4 and the mat~rial to be mixed, and that the mixture is moved at least once during each revolution of the wall elements in the direction toward the axes of rotation 3 and 18 and away from them.
~ he angle between the axes of rotation 3 and 18 can be continuously adjustable, starting with a position where they are aligned with each other, up to a maximum value, for adaptability to different materials to be mixed or homogenized. ::
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The invention relates to a process for dispersing, blending or homogenizing of solid/li~uid and/or liguid/liquid mixtures, and to a device for executing this process, having a grinding chamber in which grinding bodies are disposed.
In accordance with a previous proposal in accordance with Austrian application A 2384/90 (Austrian Letters Patent ...... ~
a de~ice for blending, homogenizing or reacting o~ a~ least two components was already known, wherein it was possible to omit separate mixing tools. Thus, in contrast to known stirring apparatus which dip into a container, ~he intent of this previous proposal had been to bring the material to be mixed into motion in respect to itsel~, so that at adjoining partial areas a strong relative movement o~ the material to be mixed is generated. The . :
mixing zone formed in this way was intended to lead to blending as --homogeneously as possible in the area of the mixing zone. To vary ~ :
the mixing results, it was furthermore pr~posed to put the mixing zone under pressure by changing the volume of the rotating ~, container, in which connection the use of such compression pressure was o~ importance, in particular in view o~ the :possibility ts achieve desired chemical reactions of individual :
components with each other. Continuous operation was possible in the pr vious proposal in that the blended material could be drawn off in the axial direction o~ the containerO i.e. in the direction of the axis o~ rotation, wherein ~he partial section in which the most intense mixing took place was limited to the ~ront faces, located opposite from each other, of oppositely dire~ted, op~n, cylindrical ~ontainers.
Now, it is the object of the invention to improve an installation of the previously mentioned type in such a way that with small structuraI ùimensions it is possible to increase the ' .
t ~ i . , - C~ 3 ,~3 '~
mixing zone substantially, and w~erein furthermore the possibility is created to improve homogenizatic3n, even when using substances which are hard to mix with each okher, in particular solid/liquid mixtures and liguid/liquid mixtures, for obtaining a dispersion or an emulsion. By means of the proce~ss of the invention it is simultaneously.intended to create the possibility to counteract effectively the possible formation of clumps, which might occur in ~!~
the course of producing such dispersions, and to split up assuredly agglomerations of the smallest size. Besides the assured ~lending, it is intended by means of the process of the invention to perform wet grinding and intense dispersion successfully even in cases where liquids of relatively high viscosity are used and where, because of the high viscosity, the separation of the grinding bodies from the liquid component is dif~icult with conventional processes. In accordance with the invention it is intended at the same time that an assured and easy separation o~ the grinding bodies is successful in spite of high viscosity, even if grinding bodies~are used which have an extremely small diameter and where there are extremely slight di~ferences in density in respect to the dispersion to ba produced. Due to the employment of basic-materials of higher viscosity it is also intended to process concentrates, whexein the throughput can be considerably reduced, for example when producing dilutable dyes on the basis of ~ynthetic resin pigmenk.
To attain this object, ~he pro¢ess of the invention e~sentially consists in introducing the di~persion or emulsion to . .
be homogenized into a rotating grinding chamber which is at least ,, partially filled with grinding bodies and is bounded by at least two rotatable ~all elements, and in ~oving or guiding the dispersion or emulsion to be homogenized through the a~nular .
chamber in a direction crosswise to the axis (axes) of rotation of the wall elements. Due to the fact that the dispersion or `~
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.
,' . ~ ' . !, . '' ' . : '; ' ' ' " ~ "'' "' ' 2 1, ~ ? ~ .
emulsion to be homogenized is introduced into a rotating grinding chamber which is at least partially ~illed with grinding bodies and is bounded by at least two rotatable wall elements~ a mixing zone is formed between the rotating wall elements, which with small dimension altogether assures a relatively large partial æection of intense bl~nding. At the same time intense wet grinding is assured because of the at least partial filling of the grinding chamber with grinding bodies, wherein an int~nse acceleration of the grinding bodies and hlendlng takes place at ~he interface between the rotating areas ~ the grinding chamber. .
Because o~ the rotation of the rotatable wall elements and thus the rotation of the grinding chamber, a centrifugal force is simultaneously exercised on the grinding bodies which leads to the grinding bodies moving again~t each other under high pressure over a greater diameter o~ the grindlng chamber and ~or this reason a high compression pressure and thu~ an improved ~et grinding result is achieved in this partial area of the grinding chamber. But, simultaneously with this directed movement of the grinding bodies in the ~irection of the centrifugal force, the separation of the grinding bodies from the prepared emulsion or ~he prepared dispersion is now also improved, so that it is posæible to draw off the finished material to be ground in a simple way over a reduced diameter, for example on the side of the grinding chamber i located opposite this compression o~ the grinding bodies, without there being a need here for convenkional separating tachniques, such as the use of filters or screens, which tend to become clogged~ Thus it is possible to improve the separation of the grinding bodie~ from the dlspersion or the emulsion considerably by means of the process of the invention, the improvement being, amongst oth~r things, that it is po~sible to eliminate the use of screens or filters when drawing o~f the mixture, for which purpose the process of the in~entivn i~ executed in such a way that the .
~ 3 ~' .
': ' - ~. .
2 ~ 8 ......
dispersion or emulsion to be homogenized is moved or guided through the grinding chamber crosswise to the axis (axes) of rotation o* the wall elem2nts.
With wall elements which rotate in relation to each other, the partial area of intense blendinlg between the rotating partial areas of the ~rinding chamber or mi:xing chamber is formed by an annular plane which e~sentially extends normally in respect to the axes o~ rotation. With an appropriate design of the rotating wall elements, however, the ~eparation plane and thus the zone of the most intense blending can al~o be located in a plane corresponding to the surface area of a cone. Blending or swirling is a function of the relative speed existing between adjoining areas of the mixing chamber or grinding chamber. With opposite rotation o~ the wall surfaces this relative speed, and thus the dispersing effeot becomes particularly high, where in connection with this a : -resulting centri~ugal force in the grinding chamber ~or separating the grinding bodies should altogether be taken into consideration. ..
Th~s, the process ~an be advan~ageously executed in such a way ~ .
that the mixing proces~ is performed between wall element~ which ¢~
rotate in relation to each other with different rpm and/or direction of rotation.
The axes of rotation o~ the wall elements which are ~
rotatable in relation to each other can be different from each ~, other and essentially extend parallel to ~ach oth2r, by ~eans o~
which it is possible to achieve a certain amount of eccentricity of the rotational movement in relation to the interface between the particles which rotate in relation to each other, and thu~ a ~:
particularly intense blending.
If the axes of rotation extend inclinsd toward each other, it is additionally possible to achieve a kneading e~ect to improve the hlending over the entire radial extent of the grinding :
chamber. When employing wall elaments with axes of rotation which '.' ~
'",''.
~. . .
. , . . , , '.
... , . . ,: , . ., ,,. " ,. , ., ., ~ ~. . ,, . ; . .. . . . . .. ..
2 L f~ 3~3 are inclined toward each other, the wall elements can be driven at the same speed and in the same dir~3ction of rotation, the result of which is that a total movement of the m.ixture of material to be ground - grinding bodies is produced during each revolution, in spite of a small relative movement between the disks or wall elements and the material to be ground. This means that the energy supply can take place optimally and that the danger of local overheating, especially when processing materials of higher viscosity, does not exist. The possibility of being able to drive both wall elements at the same rpm and still to achieYe an optimum grinding/mixing effect, also means a considerably ~implification of the entire structure and in the end improves the centri~ugal effects on all grinding bodies.
In this case the process is preferably executed in such a way that the material to be mixed or the mixture of grinding bodies/material to be ground is put into rotation at the same rotational speed as the two wall elements, and that the material to be ~ixed or the mixture o~ grinding bodies/material to be ground are moved at least once in the direction of the axis of rotation and once in the direction away from the axis of rotation during each rsvolution. The total result of this is that the relative movement in the direction of rotation between the grinding bodies/material to be ground and the driving disks or wall elements is practically zero and the exclusive mixing and grinding effects are achieved through the displacement of the mixture in the radial direction. It i~ achieved by means of this to set the pressure forces and separation effects exclusively as a ~unction of the common rpm of these disks.
~ lowever, to simpli~y sealing and to simplify construction of a corresponding device it is easily po~sible.to dispose the axes of rotation coaxially in respect to each other. There is the :
additional po~sibility to provide, outside of the grinding chamber .
~ ';.
. .
. "
bounded by the rotating wall elements, an additional possibility o~ prs-blending under high shearing stress. For this purpose the process of the invention is advantageously performed in such a way that the dispersion or emulsion to:be homogenized is subjected, prior to its entry into the grinding chamber, to a shearing stress between rotating surfaces at the outside of the wall elements of the grinding chamber, wherein such ia per~ormance oP the process by means of a structurally relatively simple device results in an additional intQnse blending.
Good separation of the grinding bodies from the dispersed or homogenized ground ~aterial without an expensive separation techni~ue can be achieved in that the dispersion or ~mulsion to be homogenized is conveyed through the grinding chamber in a direction opposite to the direction of movement generated ~y the !~
centrifugal force.
The material to be homogenized or dispersed can be advantageously fed in the radial direction from the out$ide to the inside, wherein the process can be performed continuously in a ~ -particularly simple manner in that the homo~enized mixture is drawn off via an axial conduit~ To set the appropriate pressure requirements and flow conditions, the outflow via the axial con*uit can be appropriately throttled. As a whole, because of the possibility of being able to ~reely select the rpm and/or the direction of rotation of the wall elements which rotate in respect to each other, over a large range and the po~sibility o~ setting the respective flow speed and pressure conditions, an adaptability to differant basic materials results, and homogenizing and ..
blending even of difficult to mix, highly viscous substances, along with a simultaneous improvement o~ homogenization and of fine di~tribution or dispersion can be achieved~ In the GOUrse of this the advantageous process is to ~ill the grinding chamber up ~'~
to maxlmally 75% by volume preferably ~0~ by volume with gFinding ''''' .
, .
2 ~
bodies of an effective diameter of less than O.5 mm, preferably less than 0.1 mm.
The device in accordance wit!h the invention for executing this process, requiring little spacle and a small structural and installation outlay, and which in piarticular assures the adaptability to different basic materials, along with improved homogenization and blending at the ~same time, is advantageously embodied in such a way that the grinding chamber is bounded by at least two wall elements which can be rotatably driven~ and that the grinding chamber has at least one feed and/or dra~-off opening on its sides facing towards and away ~rom the axis ~axes~ of rotation. In this case the feed opening can be connected to the front of the grinding cha~ber located radially on the outside, while the draw~off opening can terminate into an axial conduit in an area close to the axis. In a particularly simple manner, both of these openings can be formed by slits extending over the circumference of the grinding chamber, wherein the embodiment advantageously is made in such a way that the slits are located in a common separation plane of the grinding chamber which essentially extends normally in respect to the axis (axes) of rotation of the wall elements. With an embodiment o~ this type ~-.
the result i~ a relatively large zone of intense blending with, at the same time, small dimensions in the area of the annular plane defined betwe~n the rotating partial areas. In place of the formation of a slit in the near-axial area for a draw-off opening by means o~ appropriate axial extensions o~ the wall elements, it i~of course also possible to form the draw-o~ opening by means of an axial conduit formed in at least one wall element, wherein appropriate throttling means can be pro~ided in this conduitO The .
grinding chamber has a generally circular exterior circumferential surface an~, in the case of being embodied with slit-shaped , ,~ ' .
: . .: ; .. ,; .
2 ~ 3 ~
openings in the near-axial area, is embodied as a toroid or annular chamber.
A further improvement o~ the ability to set the pressure conditions and the intensity of wet grinding can of course be achieved in the case were the grinding bodies in their movement in the direction of the centrifugal force are subjected to a particularly close proximity to each other with the simultaneous .i, increase of the prassure forces which become effactive when they ;.
near each other. This is made advantageously possible by a structural design in which the grinding chamber, bounded by the !
wall elements of the grinding chamber, is embodied, in a cross-~ectional plane conkaining at least one axis of rotation, tapering crosswise in respect to this axis of rotation. In the course of the movement in accordance with centrifugal forca of the grinding bodies in a cone tapering in this way, intensive blending is also assured outside of the surface where the primary blending takes place, because of which the ef~ect of homogenization and the splitting of the smallest agglomerates is even more success~ul.
The embodiment is advantageousiy ~ade in such a way that .:, the wall elements are formed ~y half-shells, which are rotatably seated around a common axis and connected with separate drives, :.
which results in a simple construction with simple seating. Pre- ;
mixing beromes advantageously possible on the outside of the ~.
mixing chamber or grinding chamber by means of the application of large shear forces in that the embodiment is provided in such a way that a wall element is connected, fixed against relative rotation/ with a part which extends over the second wall element and ~orms a gap, and that the feed line terminates in this gap. :
Intense blending, during which it might be possible to omit shear stress, can be achieved with an embodiment of the device in which the axes of rotation of the wall elements are disposed inclined in relation to each other and adjoin each other, ~8- :
~ .
~ ~ ~ L C ~ 3 ~
enclosing an obtuse angleO If such a device is operated at the same rpm and the same direction of rotation of the wall elements, in particular disks, the relative movement of the wall elements is reduced to a cyclic squeezing, and ~enerates a kneading effect, on which a shear stress at the boundary surfaces can also be superimposed, if differences in rpm or direction of rotation are permitted.
For further setting and adaptability of the conditions to different mixtures, the embodiment is preferably such that the angle between the axsis of rotation of the wall elements can be continuously changed.
The invention will be described below b~ means o~ an exemplary embodiment schematically shown in the drawings. Shown therein are: in Fig. 1 a partial section through a ~irst embodiment of a device in accordance with the invention for .:-executing the process of the invention; and in Fig. 2 a variant embodiment oE the d~vice of the invention with wall elements having axes of rotation inclined toward~ each other.
Only one half of the rotationally symmetrical embodiment of the device is shown in section in Fig. 1, the entire device enæuing ~rom the reflection along the common axis of the two wall elements which delimit the grinding chamber~
The device for dispersing, blending or homogenizing of solid/liquid and/or liquid/liquid mixtuxes consists of a housing, ~`
generally identified by 1, in which a first wall element 2 in the shape of a half-shell is seated, rotatable around an axis o~
rotation 3 by means of a drive, not shown in detail. ~he shell-shaped wall element 2, together with a second, also rotatably seated shell-shaped wall element 4, delimits a grinding chamber 5 e~bodied as an annular chamber, wherein the grinding chamber in the second half o:E the drawings is indicated by dashed lines and 5' for making clear the symmetrical de~ign~ In the embodiment _9~
~.
~ ~L ~ !~ 3 ~ ~3 shown, the second wall elemant ~ is also rotated around the axis 3 by means of a drive, not shown in detail. A bearing for the wall element 4 in the housing 1 has been indicated by 6. A part 7, which extends over the outer surface of the second wall element 4, is connected, fixed against relative rotation, with the first rotating wall element 2, as indicat:ed by 8, wherein the bearings ~or the first wall element 2 and the part 7 connected therewith are indicated by 9 and 10.
In this case the two shell-shaped wall elements 2 and 4 which delimit the grinding chamber ~ rotate around the common axis 3 at different rpm and/or different directions of rotation. The material to be blended, or the solid/liquid and/or liquid/li~uid mixtures, enters the gap 12 between the outside wall 13 of the second wall element 4 and the inside wall 14 o~ the part 7 connected with the first wall element 2 via a feed line or a connector 11, wherein ia strong shear stress of the introduced material is caused in this gap 12 by means of the el~ments 4 and 7, which rotate at different speeds and/or different direction o~
rotation. ~hen the material reaches the grinding chamber or annular chamber 5 via a slit or a ~eed opening 15, in which up to 75% by volume of grinding hodias, not shown, having an e~ective diameter of less than O.5 mm, are disposed to assist dispersion, .
blending or homogenizing of the fed-in materials. In the grinding chamber 5, the fed-in materials are also subjected to a shear and mixing stress in that the two wall elaments 2 and ~ which deli~it or:define the grinding chamber are driven at di~ferent rpm and/or in a di~ferent direction of rotation, which results in a mixing plane which is essentially formed by a circular plane. The appropriately blended or homogenized material is drawn o~f via a gap I6 facing the axis of rotation 3 and located between the ~;.
rotating wall elements, and.is removed via an axial conduit 17.
In this case, the gaps 15 and 16 which define the feed and draw- i --10-- 1"
- .
''~
~. . .. : ~, . , , . : ., . . : . . . I ~ . .
2 ~ 3 ~
off openings for the material to be mixed or homogenized, are located in a common plane extending normally in respect to the axis of rotation 3.
The grinding chamber S has a cross section which conically tapers from an area of the draw-off opening 16 near the axis toward an area.of the feed opening 15 remote from the axis, so that there is a high concentration of grinding bodies in the area .:
of entry into grinding chamber 5, which is aided by the direction of movement of the grinding bodies in the grinding chamber or annular chamber S, caused by centrifugal force~ At the same time it is possible, based on the illustrated arrangement of the feed and draw-of~ openings, to ~mit filters or screens or the like in the area of the draw-off opening 16 ~or separating the grinding bodies, because the grinding bodies are ef~ectively moved in a direction away from the axis o~ rotation 3 by centrifugal force, so that, eVen in the case where the penetrating cross s~ction Of the gap or the draw-off opening 16 is greater than the particle size of the grinding bodies, and even with high viscosity of the ~aterials to be mixed, the escape of the grinding bodies is ~ssuredly prevented because of the high rotating speeds and the strains. Throttling devices, not shown in detail, are provided in the axial conduit 17 ~or regulation or control of the through-flow to achieve a desired result. '-In case that two wall elements 2 and 4 have axes of rotation which are different from each other but are parallel to ~each other, the particular result is an eccentric movement of the one ~all element in relation to the other, so that a corresponding narrowing and wid~ning of the gap 12 between the outer surface of the wall element 4 and the inner surface of the rota-ting part 7 can be achieved. . ..
In the case where the mixtures to ~e homogenized or ~.
dispersed have a greater specific weight than the grinding bodies, ., ... . _ - - --- . :
.
.
, , ", . ,, :~ : .. . , . .,:,, . , ; . ~: .. .
2 ~ ~ 1 3 '~ ~ , it is possible to reverse the functions of the feed and draw-off openings 15 or 16 by means of an appropriate selection of the para~eters during blending or homogenizing. :
In the embodiment of Fig. 2, again a shell-shaped wall element 2 is driven around an axis of rotation 3 by me~ns of a drive, not shown in detail, to produce a rotating movement.
Again, a part 7, extending over the second wall element 7, is ';
connected secure against relative rotation with the wall element 2, in which case only the bearings 10 are sketched in. Differing from the embodiment in accordance with Fig. 1, the second shell-shaped wall e~ement has an axis of rotation 18, which differs from the axis of rotation 3 of the first wall element 2, and encloses an obtuse angle with the axis of rotation 3. Because of the inclined disposition of the second wall element 4 in relation to th~ first wall element 2, a grinding chamber 5 is created, the cross section of which, again starting at the central area, tapers in the direction toward the areas remote from the axis, which :~
results in different cross-sectional surfaces in different sections b~cause of the inclination of the wall element 4 in respect to the wall el~ment 2. Because of this, if the shell~
~shaped wall elements 2 and 4 are moved in the same direction and at the same rpm, it is possible to move the entire material to be homogenized, including the schematically indicated grinding balls 19, simultaneously without a noticeable relative movement between the grinding bodies 19 and the disks 2 or 4 occurring. ~lending and homogenizing in this device is accomplished by an appropriate kneading effect, which is caused by the different cross-sectional surfaces particularly in khe radially outwardly located areas of the grinding chamber 5 because of the inclin~d position of the wall alement 4 in respect to the wall element 2. A kneading effect similar to the one in the grinding chamber 5 is caused in the gap 12 between the outer surface 13 of the wall element 4 and `;
~ -12- , . .
.. ..
2 ~ 8 the innQr surface of the part 7 extending over the wall element 4 and connected fixed against relative rotation with the first wall element. Thus, appropriate pre-processing also results with this embodiment before the material enters the grinding chamber 5 via a slit or gap 15, similar to the firs,t embodiment of Fig. 1, in the course of which in the embodiment of Fig. 2 the blended material is drawn off directly via the axial conduit 17. Again the small grinding bodies are moved by centri~ugal force into areas o~ the grinding ch~mber 5 remote from the ~xes of rotation 3 or 18, wherein, because of the cross-sectional surface which tapers to different degrees, a particularly strong stress by means o~ the grinding bodies 19 again takes place immediately prior to the entry ~f the material to be blended or homogenized into the grinding chamber 5.
~he result of this embodiment, which employs a kneading .
effect, is that the mixing and grinding effect is practically exclusively caused by the forward movement of the mixture in the radial direction. The result as a whole is that thers is no relative movement between the wall elements 2 or 4 and the mat~rial to be mixed, and that the mixture is moved at least once during each revolution of the wall elements in the direction toward the axes of rotation 3 and 18 and away from them.
~ he angle between the axes of rotation 3 and 18 can be continuously adjustable, starting with a position where they are aligned with each other, up to a maximum value, for adaptability to different materials to be mixed or homogenized. ::
~, . . .
Claims (14)
1. A process for dispersing, blending or homogenizing of solid/liquid and/or liquid/liquid mixtures, characterized in that the dispersion or emulsion to be homogenized is introduced into a rotating grinding chamber (5) which is at least partially filled with grinding bodies (19) and is bounded by at least two rotatable wall elements (2, 4), and that the dispersion or emulsion to be homogenized is moved or guided through the grinding chamber (5) in a direction crosswise to the axis (axes) of rotation (3, 18) of the wall elements (2, 4).
2. A process in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the material to be mixed or the grinding body/grinding material mixture is brought to rotate at the same rotational speed as the two wall elements (2, 4), and that the material to be mixed or the grinding body/grinding material mixture is moved at each revolution at least once in the direction toward the axis of rotation (3, 18) and once away from the axis of rotation.
3. A process in accordance with claim 1 or 2, characterized in that prior to the entry in the mixing chamber (5), the dispersion or emulsion is subjected to a shearing stress between rotating surfaces (13, 14) at the outside of the wall elements (2, 4) of the grinding chamber (5).
4. A process in accordance with claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the homogenized mixture is drawn off via an axial conduit (17).
5. A process in accordance with one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the grinding chamber is filled maximally to 75% by volume, preferably 60% by volume, with grinding bodies (19) of an effective diameter of less than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 0.1 mm.
6. A process in accordance with one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the mixing process is performed by means of wall elements (2, 4), which rotate at relatively different rpm and/or in different directions in respect to each other.
7. A device for executing the process in accordance with one of claims 1 to 5, having a grinding chamber (5) in which grinding bodies (19) are disposed, characterized in that the grinding chamber (5) is bounded by at least two wall elements (2, 4) which are rotatably driveable, and that the grinding chamber (5) has at least one feed and/or draw-off opening (15, 16, 17) on its sides facing towards and facing away from the axis (axes) of rotation (3, 18).
8. A device in accordance with claim 7, characterized in that the feed and the draw-off openings (15, 16) are formed by slits extending over the circumference of the grinding chamber (5).
9. A device in accordance with claim 8, characterized in that the slits (15, 16) are located on a mutual separation plane of the grinding chamber (5) which essentially extends normally in respect to the axis (axes) of rotation (3, 18) of the wall elements (2, 4).
10. A device in accordance with claim 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that the grinding chamber, bounded by the wall elements (2, 4) of the grinding chamber (5), is embodied, in a cross-sectional plane containing at least one axis of rotation (3, 18), tapering crosswise in respect to this axis of rotation.
11. A device in accordance with one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the wall elements (2, 4) are formed by half-shells, which are seated to be rotatable around a common axis (3) and are connected with separate drives.
12. A device in accordance with one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the axes of rotation (3, 18) of the wall elements (2, 4) are disposed inclined in respect to each other and adjoin each other while enclosing an obtuse angle.
13. A device in accordance with one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the angle between the axes of rotation (3, 18) of the wall elements (2, 4) is continuously adjustable.
14. A device in accordance with one of claims 7 to 13, characterized in that one wall element (2) is connected, fixed against relative rotation, with a part (7), which extends over the second wall element (4), forming a gap (12), and that the feed line (11) terminates in this gap (12).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA2546/91 | 1991-12-20 | ||
| AT254691 | 1991-12-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2104388A1 true CA2104388A1 (en) | 1993-06-21 |
Family
ID=3536209
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002104388A Abandoned CA2104388A1 (en) | 1991-12-20 | 1992-12-21 | Process for dispersing, mixing or homogenising mixtures and device for implementing it |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0572610B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH06505437A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR930703064A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE142902T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2104388A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59207190D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0572610T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2094520T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993012871A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112024085B (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2022-03-25 | 怀化秦湘油业有限公司 | Stirring grinder to cubic cosmetic raw material particle |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US882646A (en) * | 1907-06-21 | 1908-03-24 | Wycliffe Eustace Murray | Machine for making chocolate. |
| JPS5926129A (en) * | 1982-08-05 | 1984-02-10 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Apparatus for preparing dispersion liquid droplets |
-
1992
- 1992-12-21 JP JP5511303A patent/JPH06505437A/en active Pending
- 1992-12-21 DE DE59207190T patent/DE59207190D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-12-21 ES ES93900118T patent/ES2094520T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-12-21 WO PCT/AT1992/000172 patent/WO1993012871A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-12-21 EP EP93900118A patent/EP0572610B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-12-21 AT AT93900118T patent/ATE142902T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-12-21 DK DK93900118.6T patent/DK0572610T3/da active
- 1992-12-21 KR KR1019930702489A patent/KR930703064A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-12-21 CA CA002104388A patent/CA2104388A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR930703064A (en) | 1993-11-29 |
| WO1993012871A1 (en) | 1993-07-08 |
| EP0572610A1 (en) | 1993-12-08 |
| EP0572610B1 (en) | 1996-09-18 |
| ES2094520T3 (en) | 1997-01-16 |
| JPH06505437A (en) | 1994-06-23 |
| DK0572610T3 (en) | 1997-03-10 |
| DE59207190D1 (en) | 1996-10-24 |
| ATE142902T1 (en) | 1996-10-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |