CA2049483A1 - Residual fluid detection apparatus - Google Patents
Residual fluid detection apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA2049483A1 CA2049483A1 CA 2049483 CA2049483A CA2049483A1 CA 2049483 A1 CA2049483 A1 CA 2049483A1 CA 2049483 CA2049483 CA 2049483 CA 2049483 A CA2049483 A CA 2049483A CA 2049483 A1 CA2049483 A1 CA 2049483A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- bottle
- light
- photoelectric conversion
- transparent
- bottle bottom
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- Filling Of Jars Or Cans And Processes For Cleaning And Sealing Jars (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A residual liquid detection apparatus for detecting whether or not liquid remains at the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle includes a light source for irradiating light that contain visible light and infrared rays onto the bottle bottom of the transparent bottle, two photoelectric conversion sensors for receiving light that has passed the bottle bottom from the light source, an optical filter which only passes the infrared rays and is placed in front of the light receiving surface of one of the photoelectric conversion sensors, and a circuit for comparing outputs from the two photoelectric conversion sensors and delivering a signal when a difference between the outputs exceeds a predetermined value.
A residual liquid detection apparatus for detecting whether or not liquid remains at the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle includes a light source for irradiating light that contain visible light and infrared rays onto the bottle bottom of the transparent bottle, two photoelectric conversion sensors for receiving light that has passed the bottle bottom from the light source, an optical filter which only passes the infrared rays and is placed in front of the light receiving surface of one of the photoelectric conversion sensors, and a circuit for comparing outputs from the two photoelectric conversion sensors and delivering a signal when a difference between the outputs exceeds a predetermined value.
Description
20~8~
Title: RESIDUAL FLUID DETECTION APPARATUS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to detection apparatus and more particularly, is directed to a residual liquid detection apparatus which detects the remaining liquid such as the washing liquid or the like at the bottom of bottles such as transparent bottles made of glass or the like.
Description of the Prior Art Drinking water or beverages such as beer and the like are loaded into glass bottles and marketed, but there is the bottle washing process before filling the bottles with the liquid.
Especially, in the case of recycled bottles such as beer bottles that are reused after use by the consumer and recovery, a thorough washing of the bottle is necessary in view of mixtures of trash or disposals inside the bottle oftenly. In this case, washing is conducted to the bottles with detergent liquid and cleanwater, but there are cases where such detergent mixed water remains in the bottle due to the incomplete water removal from the bottle thereupon. Needless to say, the contents are for human consumption and hence it is not desired that such residual liquid remains in the bottle prior to the filling.
As for the residual liquid detection methods in bottles of conventional means, there are methods that detect residual liquid by the absorbance ratios of high frequency waves or supersonic waves or infrared rays by the residual liquid, or otherwise by bringing the electrodes near the liquid there are methods that -detect the residual liquid by the differences in the capacitance therebetween. The present trend lies mainly with detection methods by the infrared ray utilizations.
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Title: RESIDUAL FLUID DETECTION APPARATUS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to detection apparatus and more particularly, is directed to a residual liquid detection apparatus which detects the remaining liquid such as the washing liquid or the like at the bottom of bottles such as transparent bottles made of glass or the like.
Description of the Prior Art Drinking water or beverages such as beer and the like are loaded into glass bottles and marketed, but there is the bottle washing process before filling the bottles with the liquid.
Especially, in the case of recycled bottles such as beer bottles that are reused after use by the consumer and recovery, a thorough washing of the bottle is necessary in view of mixtures of trash or disposals inside the bottle oftenly. In this case, washing is conducted to the bottles with detergent liquid and cleanwater, but there are cases where such detergent mixed water remains in the bottle due to the incomplete water removal from the bottle thereupon. Needless to say, the contents are for human consumption and hence it is not desired that such residual liquid remains in the bottle prior to the filling.
As for the residual liquid detection methods in bottles of conventional means, there are methods that detect residual liquid by the absorbance ratios of high frequency waves or supersonic waves or infrared rays by the residual liquid, or otherwise by bringing the electrodes near the liquid there are methods that -detect the residual liquid by the differences in the capacitance therebetween. The present trend lies mainly with detection methods by the infrared ray utilizations.
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2 ~ 3 However, when the volume of the r~sidual liquid is large,the residual liquid detection is relatively easy by any methods mentioned above, but it is extremely difficult to detect very small volumes of ]iquid remained, whereas it is de~ired to have available such apparatus that will provide stable detection of very small volumes of the residual liquid.
As above cited, while it is possible to detect the residual liquid of certain volume by the prior art method, the problem remains with the detection of very small volume of residual liquid. One reason that makes the detection difficult is the fact that the smaller the residual liquid volume is the less the light ray absorption thereby becomes. The secondary reason is that the containers (mostly glass bottles) to which the liquid is filled, also absorb the light rays to a certain extent when the light rays pass through the same and it is often the case that the received light ray contents at such photoelectric conversion sensors vary depending upon the container wall thickness as well as applied colours to the container.
In order to detect the very small volume of the residual liquid, it is necessary to amplify and magnify the subtle variations of the photoelectric converted voltage from the photoelectric conversion sensor. Such amplified magnification of the variation at the same time magnifies the variation owing to the passage of lights through the container walls and accordingly it becomes difficult to detect the true variation of the received light by the real residual liquid by such influence. Therefore, there is a limit in the detection of very small volumes of residual liquid and it is the present practice to accept such detection only over a certain volume.
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2~9~83 OsJECTS AND SU~MARY OF THE ~NVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a residual liquid detection apparatus free from the defects encountered to the prior art.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a residual liquid detection apparatus which can detect a liquid of small amount which remains on the bottom of a transparent bottle positively.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a residual liquid detection apparatus which can detect a residual liquid of small amount on the bottom of a transparent bottle positively regardless of the thickness of the bottle, its colour and so on.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a residual liquid detection apparatus for detecting whether or not liquid remains at the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle, which comprises:
a) a light source for irradiating light that contains visible light and infrared rays onto the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle;
b) two photoelectric conversion sensors for receiving light that has passed said bottle bottom from said light source;
c) an optical filter which only passes the infrared rays and is placed in front of the light receiving surface of one of said photoelectric conversion sensors; and d) a circuit for comparing outputs from said two photoelectric conversion sensors and delivering a signal when a difference between the outputs exceeds a predetermined value.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a residual liquid detection apparatus for detecting ;, . . .
, , - : , "
20~9l~83 ~hether or not liquid remains at the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle, which comprises:
a) a light source located under the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle and for irradiating light that contains visible light and infrared rays onko the bottle bottom of said transparent bottle;
b) a light diffusing plate located between said light source and said bottle bottom;
c) two photoelectric conversion sensors located above the bottle mouth of said transparent bottle and for receiving light that has passed said bottle bottom from said light source;
d) a condenser lens located between said two photoelectric conversion sensors and said bottle mouth;
e) an optical filter which only passes the infrared rays and is placed in front of the light receiving surface of one of said photoelectric conversion sensors; and f) a circuit for comparing outputs from said two photoelectric conversion sensors and delivering a signal when a difference between the outputs exceeds a predetermined value.
~ ccording to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a residual liquid detection apparatus for detecting whether or not liquid remains at the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle, which comprises:
a) a light source located under the bottle bottom of-a transparent bottle and for irradiating light that contains visible light and infrared rays onto the bottle bottom of said transparent bottle;
b) a light diffusing plate located between said light source and said bottle bottom;
c) two photoelectric conversion sensors located above the -. . ~, ,.
.. : . :
20~9~3 ,ottle mouth of said transparent bottle and for receiviny light that has passed said bottle bottom from said light source;
d) a condenser lens located be-tween said two photoelectric conversion sensors and said bottle mouth;
e) an optical ~ilter which only passes the infrared rays and is placed in front of the light receiving surface of one of said photoelectric conversion sensors;
f) a light splitter located between said condenser lens and said two photoelectric conversion sensors; and g) a circuit for comparing outputs from said two photoelectric conversion sensors and delivering a signal when a difference between the outputs e~ceeds a predetermined value, wherein an optical axis of said condenser lens is made coincident to a center axis of said bottle, said photoelectric conversion sensor with no optical filter is located to receive the light which propagates along said optical axis and passes said light splitter, and the other photoelectric conversion sensor is located to receive the light which propagates along said optical axis and is reflected by said light splitter.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a residual liquid detection apparatus for detecting whether or not liquid remains at the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle, which comprises:
a) a light source located under the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle and for irradiating light that contains visible light and infrared rays onto the bottle bottom of said transparent bottle;
b) a light diffusing plate located between said light source and said bottle bottom;
c) two photoelectric conversion sensors located above the :.
' , ' ' ' , . , " .. . , : . ~
- ~. : . : , - ~ :',. .. .
~a~83 ~ottle mouth o~ said transparent bottle and for receiving light that has passed said bottle bottom from said light source;
d) a condenser lens located between said two photoelectric conversion sensors and said bottle mouth;
e) an optical filter which only passes the infrared rays and is placèd in front of the light receiving surface of one of said photoelectric conversion sensors; and f) a circuit for comparing outputs from said two photoelectric conversion sensors and delivering a signal when a difference between the outputs exceeds a predetermined value, wherein an optical axis of said condenser lens is made coincident to a center axis of said bottle, said two photoelectric conversion sensors are concentrically located with respect to said optical axis on the same plane.
The above, and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings through which like reference numerals designate the same and similar elements.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram that is used to explain the functions of the same;
Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention;
Figs. 4A and 4B are schematic diagrams used to explain a third embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of the third embodiment of the present invention;
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Fig. 6 is a block dia~ram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention; and Figs. 7A and 7B are schematic diagrams showing a main part of a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A residual liquid detection apparatus according to the present invention will now be described with referehce to the drawings attached.
Fig. 1 shows a partial cross section schematic diagram of an embodiment of the residual liquid delection apparatus according to the present invention. In Fig. 1, 1 is, for example, a glass bottle or the like in which residual liquid 2 exists at the bottom 11, 3 is a light source which is located under the bottle bottom 11 and irradiates light that includes visible light as well as infrared rays on the bottom 11 from underneath the bottle 1; 4 is a light diffusion plate that is placed between the bottle bottom 11 and the light source 3 in order to cause an even irradiation of the light from light source 3 onto the bottle bottom 11; and 5 is a condenser lens that is placed above the bottle mouth in order to converge the light that has passed the bottle bottom 11, whereas the optical axis of the condenser lens 5 is arranged to match the center axis of the bottle 1 as indicated as OA. 61, 62 are two photoelectric conversion sensors that are placed above the condenser lens 5 in a parallel manner each other to grip the optical axis OA; 7 is an optical filter that only passes therethrough infrared rays and is located in front of the light receiving face of one photoelectric conversion sensor 62; 81, 82 are two amplifiers that respectively boost the photoelectric converted outputs from photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62; 9 is a zero adjuster such as a potentiometer that ,: , , ~ . ~ , ... .
~4~3~
~djusts and zeros the voltage differences between the two amplifiers 81, 82; and 10 is a power amplifier which is connected to an intermediate tap 91 of the zero adjuster g in order to generate a detection output signal as atermentioned.
Photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 are located close to each other so that the optical image of bottle bottom 11, which is formed by focussing the light passed through the bottle bottom 11 by means of condenser lens 5, occupies both the photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 by similar areas (which will be described later in connection with Fig. 2). The electrical outputs from photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 are respectively amplified at amplifiers 81, 82 and supplied to zero adjuster 9. If a positive phase amplifier is used as amplifier 81, while a negative phase amplifier is used as amplifier 82 and the outputs from both the amplifiers 81, 82 are supplied to zero adjuster 9, the voltages at the both ends of the zero adjuster or potentiometer 9 will be reversed in phase to each other.
Therefore, when there is no existence of residual liquid 2 at bottle bottom 11, both photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 and so on are adjusted to make the voltage at intermediate tap 91 of zero adjuster or potentiometer 9 as zero. Then, when the irradiated light is received by the sensors 61, 62 under the condition without any residual liquid 2 at bottle bottom 11, if there is a slight voltage difference at the intermediate tap 91 of potentiometer 9, the potentiometer 9 can be adjusted to make the voltage difference at its intermediate tap 91 to be zero.
The light source which emits both of visible lights as well as infrared rays is used as the light source 3, while one photoelectric conversion sensor 61 receives the light that has passed the bottle bottom 11 as well as the residual liquid 2 at .
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_he bottle bottom 11 as it i.s. On the other hand, since there is the optical filter 7 which only passes the infrared rays placed in front of the light receiving surface of photoelectric conversion sensor 62, it only receives the in~rared rays o~ the passed light.
Generally speaking, in the case of infrared rays with long wave length in the range of 1 to 2 microns, the attenuation coefficient of infrared rays passed through liquid becomes extremely large and accordingly, in the case that there is residual liquid 2 at the bottle bottom 11 the photoelectric converted output from the photoelectric conversion sensor 62 that only receives the infrared rays becomes extremely smaller as compared with that from photoelectric conversion sensor 61. As for the optical filter 7, any proper type that has a cutoff frequency range of the above mentioned range will suffice.
Photoelectric conversion sensor 61 also receives the lights in the visible zone, whereas the attenuation amount of the lights in the visual zone when passing through the liquid is small so that the amount of light received by photoelectric conversion sensor 61 does not show large variations by the existence or not of residual liquid 2. From the above reason, by the existence or not of residual liquid 2, there will be a large difference generated between the electrical outputs from the amplifier 81 that is connected to photoelectric conversion sensor 61 and the amplifier 82 that is connected to photoelectric conversion sensor 62. Therefore, if the zero adjuster 9 is so adjusted that the voltage difference at the output terminal 91 of zero adjuster 9 that is connected to amplifiers 81, 82 is nil, when there is no residual liquid 2 at the bottle bottom 11, a voltage difference will appear at the output terminal 91 of zero adjuster 9 only , s~9~8~
~hen there is residual liquid 2 existing on the bottom 11 of bottle 1.
The output from zexo adjuster 9 is supplied to power amplifier 10. This power amplifier 10 will be adjuste~ to generate an electrical output that indicates the detection o~
residual liquid 2 at the bottle bottom 11 when the voltage from the zero adjuster 9 exceeds a predetermined constant value.
Needless to say, by utilizing the electrical output from this power amplifier 10, although not shown on Fig. 1, alarming means by light or sound may be driven, or a bottle rejection system may be activated to remove the bottles that have residual liquid 2 existence detected.
Fig. 2 is a plane diagram that shows magnified light receiving areas of photoelectric conversion sensors 61 and 62, respectively. In Fig. 2, llA is an inner diameter area of bottle bottom 11, and 121, 122 are the light received areas of the photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 corresponding to the inner diameter area llA. The two photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 are installed close together, but are only slightly displaced from the optical axis OA of the condenser lens 5 so that there will be a slight difference between the light received areas 121, 122. However, although there is a slight difference in the light receiving areas, from the purpose of residual liquid 2 detection, this in fact does not create any problem. Even in the case that the photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 are setup so that the lights from different portions of the bottle bottom 11 are received by the photoelectric sensors 61, 62, respectively, according to the functional principles of the present invention as described above, it is apparent that the purpose o~ the present invention can be accomplished.
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2 ~ 8 3 Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the prèsent invention.
In this case, such above described difference in the light receiving areas of photoelectric convexsion sensors 61, 62 will not occur. In other words, as shown in Fig. 3, on the optical axis OA of the condenser lens 5, a light splitter 13 such as a half mirror, a prism or the like is placed between the condenser lens 5 and photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 so that one photoelectric conversion sensors such as 61 will receive the light that has passed the bottle bottom 11, the condenser lens 5 and then the half mirror 13 along the optical axis OA, while the other photoelectric conversion sensor 62 will receive the light refracted by half mirror 13. By such arrangement the light receiving areas of photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 can be made to match. The other parts of the second embodiment will be exactly the same to those of the embodiment of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are schematic diagrams showing the main part of a third embodiment of the present invention. Of the bottles 1, there is such one in which a central portion at the bottom 11 of bottle 1 is protruded upwards as shown in Fig. 4A, which is a sectional side view of the bottom portion. In this case, when the amount of the residual liquid 2 is small, such residual liquid 2 will be spread in a doughnut like shape at the outer circumference area of the center portion of the bottle bottom 11 and shall not exist at the center protruded portion of the bottom 11.
In order to effectively detect the existence of residual liquid 2 at such bottle, the third embodiment of the present invention shall be explained in reference with Fig. 4B that shows a proiection diagram of bottle bottom 11 and Fig. 5 that show the main part of the third embodiment. In other words, as shown on 2 ~ 4 ~ ~
. ig. 4B, it is arranged so that one photoelectric conversion sensor 61 will only receive the light that passes the central protruded portion 141 of bottle bottom 11, while the other photoelectric conversion sensor 62 will only receive the light that passes the doughnut like portion 142 around the center protruded portion 141 of bottle bottom 11. By such arrangement, the photoelectric conversion sensor 62 will largely be affected by the attenuation degree of the passed light dependent on the existence or not of the residual liquid 2, so that an effective detection of a small amount of residual liquid 2 is possible.
That is to say that, as shown on Fig. 5, an optical mask 151 is placed in front of the light receiving surface of photoelectric conversion sensor 61 and an optical mask 152 is placed in front of the light receiving surface of photoelectric conversion sensor 62. As shown on the plane diagram and indicated by arrow A in Fig. 5, optical mask 151 is formed of, for example, a disc-shaped transparent portion 15A at the center portion thereof and an opaque portion 15B surrounding the same.
The other optical mask 152, as shown by arrow B on the plane diagram of Fig. 5, is formed of a disc-shaped opaque central circular portion l5C, a doughnut-shaped transparent portion 15D
surrounding the same and another ring-shaped opaque section 15E
surrounding the portion 15D. Therefore, the respective optical masks 151 and 152 are limited to the light receiving areas corresponding to the portions 141, 142 as explained with Fig. 4B.
Also it is needless to say that even if the entire passing light through bottle bottom 11 is received by the photoelectric conversion sensor 61 while omitting optical mask 151 therefor, it will not become an obstacle to the function of the above described functions of the present invention. Also although not .
2 ~ g 3 shown on Fig. 5, the other structure and functions of this embodiment are exactly the same as those of the embodiment on Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention whereas the structures of the photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 are special so that without the use of the half mirror 13, the light passed through bottle bottom 11 is received by the photoelectric sensors 61, 62 at one place on the optical axis OA to perform the purpose of the present invention.
In other words, the shape of photoelectric conversivn sensor 61 is made in a small disc like shape while the photoelectric conversion sensor 62 is made into a doughnut like shape to surround the former as shown on the projection diagram of the same in Fig. 6 and both the photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 are placed to be on the same plane and concentric to the optical axis OA. By this arrangement, photoelectric conversion sensor 61 will only receive the light passed through the center portion of the bottle bottom 11 while photoelectric conversion sensor 62 will receive the light only passed through the outer circumference doughnut-shaped portion of bottle bottom 11, which in effect will provide the same function to that of the embodiment of Fig. 5. It is needless to say that it will be necessary to install the same doughnut like-shaped infrared ray filter 7 in front of the light receiving surface of photoelectric conversion sensor 62 which is also doughnut-shaped.
The above explained various embodiments of the present invention were equ~lly in reference with a structured arrangement where the bottle bottom 11 is irradiated from under the bottom 11 and the light passed through the bottom 11 is received above the bottle mouth, but in order to practice the present invention, it ,:: ~ . , ~ . , , ; :
~ 0 ~ 3 .s not necessary to be limited to the above structures and many other constructions may be considered.
Fig. 7A and 7B are a partial cross sectional diagram showing the side view and plane views of a fith embodiment of the present invention. As shown on Figs. 7A and 7B, the photoelectric conversion sensors 61 and 62 are placed at the outside of the bottle 1 near the bottle bottom 11. In this case, the light source 3 is split into two projection type light sources 31, 32 which are placed outside the bottle bottom 11, so that the light sources 31 and 32 are in countering positions to the photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 at the outside in relation to the diameter of bottle bottom 11. The locations of the light sources 31 and 32 will be arranged so that such respective light beams shall pass the residual liquid 2 and be received by the photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 respectively in order that the detection of the residual liquid 2 will be effective. The other structures and functions of this embodiment are the same to those of the previously explained embodiments and such drawings and explanations shall not be cited.
F7~rther, explanations were made on these embodiments in the cases of convenient photoelectric conversion sensor utilizations, but with the use of video cameras and CPU or the like, it will be easy for anyone skilled in the art to enable commencement of the main functions and effects of the present invention by logics.
According to the present invention, the prior difficulty to detect small amounts of residual li~uid becomes easy, with the additional merit to remove such hazardous causes to the improvement of detection precision stability by the container (glass bottles or the like) thickness or variations in the colour 2~9~3 :hereof.
It should be understood that the above descripkion is presented by way of example on the preferred embodiments of the invention and it will be apparent that many modifications and variations thereof could be effected by one with ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the invention so that the scope of the invention should be determined only by the appended claims.
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As above cited, while it is possible to detect the residual liquid of certain volume by the prior art method, the problem remains with the detection of very small volume of residual liquid. One reason that makes the detection difficult is the fact that the smaller the residual liquid volume is the less the light ray absorption thereby becomes. The secondary reason is that the containers (mostly glass bottles) to which the liquid is filled, also absorb the light rays to a certain extent when the light rays pass through the same and it is often the case that the received light ray contents at such photoelectric conversion sensors vary depending upon the container wall thickness as well as applied colours to the container.
In order to detect the very small volume of the residual liquid, it is necessary to amplify and magnify the subtle variations of the photoelectric converted voltage from the photoelectric conversion sensor. Such amplified magnification of the variation at the same time magnifies the variation owing to the passage of lights through the container walls and accordingly it becomes difficult to detect the true variation of the received light by the real residual liquid by such influence. Therefore, there is a limit in the detection of very small volumes of residual liquid and it is the present practice to accept such detection only over a certain volume.
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2~9~83 OsJECTS AND SU~MARY OF THE ~NVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a residual liquid detection apparatus free from the defects encountered to the prior art.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a residual liquid detection apparatus which can detect a liquid of small amount which remains on the bottom of a transparent bottle positively.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a residual liquid detection apparatus which can detect a residual liquid of small amount on the bottom of a transparent bottle positively regardless of the thickness of the bottle, its colour and so on.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a residual liquid detection apparatus for detecting whether or not liquid remains at the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle, which comprises:
a) a light source for irradiating light that contains visible light and infrared rays onto the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle;
b) two photoelectric conversion sensors for receiving light that has passed said bottle bottom from said light source;
c) an optical filter which only passes the infrared rays and is placed in front of the light receiving surface of one of said photoelectric conversion sensors; and d) a circuit for comparing outputs from said two photoelectric conversion sensors and delivering a signal when a difference between the outputs exceeds a predetermined value.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a residual liquid detection apparatus for detecting ;, . . .
, , - : , "
20~9l~83 ~hether or not liquid remains at the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle, which comprises:
a) a light source located under the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle and for irradiating light that contains visible light and infrared rays onko the bottle bottom of said transparent bottle;
b) a light diffusing plate located between said light source and said bottle bottom;
c) two photoelectric conversion sensors located above the bottle mouth of said transparent bottle and for receiving light that has passed said bottle bottom from said light source;
d) a condenser lens located between said two photoelectric conversion sensors and said bottle mouth;
e) an optical filter which only passes the infrared rays and is placed in front of the light receiving surface of one of said photoelectric conversion sensors; and f) a circuit for comparing outputs from said two photoelectric conversion sensors and delivering a signal when a difference between the outputs exceeds a predetermined value.
~ ccording to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a residual liquid detection apparatus for detecting whether or not liquid remains at the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle, which comprises:
a) a light source located under the bottle bottom of-a transparent bottle and for irradiating light that contains visible light and infrared rays onto the bottle bottom of said transparent bottle;
b) a light diffusing plate located between said light source and said bottle bottom;
c) two photoelectric conversion sensors located above the -. . ~, ,.
.. : . :
20~9~3 ,ottle mouth of said transparent bottle and for receiviny light that has passed said bottle bottom from said light source;
d) a condenser lens located be-tween said two photoelectric conversion sensors and said bottle mouth;
e) an optical ~ilter which only passes the infrared rays and is placed in front of the light receiving surface of one of said photoelectric conversion sensors;
f) a light splitter located between said condenser lens and said two photoelectric conversion sensors; and g) a circuit for comparing outputs from said two photoelectric conversion sensors and delivering a signal when a difference between the outputs e~ceeds a predetermined value, wherein an optical axis of said condenser lens is made coincident to a center axis of said bottle, said photoelectric conversion sensor with no optical filter is located to receive the light which propagates along said optical axis and passes said light splitter, and the other photoelectric conversion sensor is located to receive the light which propagates along said optical axis and is reflected by said light splitter.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a residual liquid detection apparatus for detecting whether or not liquid remains at the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle, which comprises:
a) a light source located under the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle and for irradiating light that contains visible light and infrared rays onto the bottle bottom of said transparent bottle;
b) a light diffusing plate located between said light source and said bottle bottom;
c) two photoelectric conversion sensors located above the :.
' , ' ' ' , . , " .. . , : . ~
- ~. : . : , - ~ :',. .. .
~a~83 ~ottle mouth o~ said transparent bottle and for receiving light that has passed said bottle bottom from said light source;
d) a condenser lens located between said two photoelectric conversion sensors and said bottle mouth;
e) an optical filter which only passes the infrared rays and is placèd in front of the light receiving surface of one of said photoelectric conversion sensors; and f) a circuit for comparing outputs from said two photoelectric conversion sensors and delivering a signal when a difference between the outputs exceeds a predetermined value, wherein an optical axis of said condenser lens is made coincident to a center axis of said bottle, said two photoelectric conversion sensors are concentrically located with respect to said optical axis on the same plane.
The above, and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings through which like reference numerals designate the same and similar elements.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram that is used to explain the functions of the same;
Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention;
Figs. 4A and 4B are schematic diagrams used to explain a third embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of the third embodiment of the present invention;
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Fig. 6 is a block dia~ram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention; and Figs. 7A and 7B are schematic diagrams showing a main part of a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A residual liquid detection apparatus according to the present invention will now be described with referehce to the drawings attached.
Fig. 1 shows a partial cross section schematic diagram of an embodiment of the residual liquid delection apparatus according to the present invention. In Fig. 1, 1 is, for example, a glass bottle or the like in which residual liquid 2 exists at the bottom 11, 3 is a light source which is located under the bottle bottom 11 and irradiates light that includes visible light as well as infrared rays on the bottom 11 from underneath the bottle 1; 4 is a light diffusion plate that is placed between the bottle bottom 11 and the light source 3 in order to cause an even irradiation of the light from light source 3 onto the bottle bottom 11; and 5 is a condenser lens that is placed above the bottle mouth in order to converge the light that has passed the bottle bottom 11, whereas the optical axis of the condenser lens 5 is arranged to match the center axis of the bottle 1 as indicated as OA. 61, 62 are two photoelectric conversion sensors that are placed above the condenser lens 5 in a parallel manner each other to grip the optical axis OA; 7 is an optical filter that only passes therethrough infrared rays and is located in front of the light receiving face of one photoelectric conversion sensor 62; 81, 82 are two amplifiers that respectively boost the photoelectric converted outputs from photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62; 9 is a zero adjuster such as a potentiometer that ,: , , ~ . ~ , ... .
~4~3~
~djusts and zeros the voltage differences between the two amplifiers 81, 82; and 10 is a power amplifier which is connected to an intermediate tap 91 of the zero adjuster g in order to generate a detection output signal as atermentioned.
Photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 are located close to each other so that the optical image of bottle bottom 11, which is formed by focussing the light passed through the bottle bottom 11 by means of condenser lens 5, occupies both the photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 by similar areas (which will be described later in connection with Fig. 2). The electrical outputs from photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 are respectively amplified at amplifiers 81, 82 and supplied to zero adjuster 9. If a positive phase amplifier is used as amplifier 81, while a negative phase amplifier is used as amplifier 82 and the outputs from both the amplifiers 81, 82 are supplied to zero adjuster 9, the voltages at the both ends of the zero adjuster or potentiometer 9 will be reversed in phase to each other.
Therefore, when there is no existence of residual liquid 2 at bottle bottom 11, both photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 and so on are adjusted to make the voltage at intermediate tap 91 of zero adjuster or potentiometer 9 as zero. Then, when the irradiated light is received by the sensors 61, 62 under the condition without any residual liquid 2 at bottle bottom 11, if there is a slight voltage difference at the intermediate tap 91 of potentiometer 9, the potentiometer 9 can be adjusted to make the voltage difference at its intermediate tap 91 to be zero.
The light source which emits both of visible lights as well as infrared rays is used as the light source 3, while one photoelectric conversion sensor 61 receives the light that has passed the bottle bottom 11 as well as the residual liquid 2 at .
. ~:
2 ~ 8 ~
_he bottle bottom 11 as it i.s. On the other hand, since there is the optical filter 7 which only passes the infrared rays placed in front of the light receiving surface of photoelectric conversion sensor 62, it only receives the in~rared rays o~ the passed light.
Generally speaking, in the case of infrared rays with long wave length in the range of 1 to 2 microns, the attenuation coefficient of infrared rays passed through liquid becomes extremely large and accordingly, in the case that there is residual liquid 2 at the bottle bottom 11 the photoelectric converted output from the photoelectric conversion sensor 62 that only receives the infrared rays becomes extremely smaller as compared with that from photoelectric conversion sensor 61. As for the optical filter 7, any proper type that has a cutoff frequency range of the above mentioned range will suffice.
Photoelectric conversion sensor 61 also receives the lights in the visible zone, whereas the attenuation amount of the lights in the visual zone when passing through the liquid is small so that the amount of light received by photoelectric conversion sensor 61 does not show large variations by the existence or not of residual liquid 2. From the above reason, by the existence or not of residual liquid 2, there will be a large difference generated between the electrical outputs from the amplifier 81 that is connected to photoelectric conversion sensor 61 and the amplifier 82 that is connected to photoelectric conversion sensor 62. Therefore, if the zero adjuster 9 is so adjusted that the voltage difference at the output terminal 91 of zero adjuster 9 that is connected to amplifiers 81, 82 is nil, when there is no residual liquid 2 at the bottle bottom 11, a voltage difference will appear at the output terminal 91 of zero adjuster 9 only , s~9~8~
~hen there is residual liquid 2 existing on the bottom 11 of bottle 1.
The output from zexo adjuster 9 is supplied to power amplifier 10. This power amplifier 10 will be adjuste~ to generate an electrical output that indicates the detection o~
residual liquid 2 at the bottle bottom 11 when the voltage from the zero adjuster 9 exceeds a predetermined constant value.
Needless to say, by utilizing the electrical output from this power amplifier 10, although not shown on Fig. 1, alarming means by light or sound may be driven, or a bottle rejection system may be activated to remove the bottles that have residual liquid 2 existence detected.
Fig. 2 is a plane diagram that shows magnified light receiving areas of photoelectric conversion sensors 61 and 62, respectively. In Fig. 2, llA is an inner diameter area of bottle bottom 11, and 121, 122 are the light received areas of the photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 corresponding to the inner diameter area llA. The two photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 are installed close together, but are only slightly displaced from the optical axis OA of the condenser lens 5 so that there will be a slight difference between the light received areas 121, 122. However, although there is a slight difference in the light receiving areas, from the purpose of residual liquid 2 detection, this in fact does not create any problem. Even in the case that the photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 are setup so that the lights from different portions of the bottle bottom 11 are received by the photoelectric sensors 61, 62, respectively, according to the functional principles of the present invention as described above, it is apparent that the purpose o~ the present invention can be accomplished.
:
:
2 ~ 8 3 Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the prèsent invention.
In this case, such above described difference in the light receiving areas of photoelectric convexsion sensors 61, 62 will not occur. In other words, as shown in Fig. 3, on the optical axis OA of the condenser lens 5, a light splitter 13 such as a half mirror, a prism or the like is placed between the condenser lens 5 and photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 so that one photoelectric conversion sensors such as 61 will receive the light that has passed the bottle bottom 11, the condenser lens 5 and then the half mirror 13 along the optical axis OA, while the other photoelectric conversion sensor 62 will receive the light refracted by half mirror 13. By such arrangement the light receiving areas of photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 can be made to match. The other parts of the second embodiment will be exactly the same to those of the embodiment of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are schematic diagrams showing the main part of a third embodiment of the present invention. Of the bottles 1, there is such one in which a central portion at the bottom 11 of bottle 1 is protruded upwards as shown in Fig. 4A, which is a sectional side view of the bottom portion. In this case, when the amount of the residual liquid 2 is small, such residual liquid 2 will be spread in a doughnut like shape at the outer circumference area of the center portion of the bottle bottom 11 and shall not exist at the center protruded portion of the bottom 11.
In order to effectively detect the existence of residual liquid 2 at such bottle, the third embodiment of the present invention shall be explained in reference with Fig. 4B that shows a proiection diagram of bottle bottom 11 and Fig. 5 that show the main part of the third embodiment. In other words, as shown on 2 ~ 4 ~ ~
. ig. 4B, it is arranged so that one photoelectric conversion sensor 61 will only receive the light that passes the central protruded portion 141 of bottle bottom 11, while the other photoelectric conversion sensor 62 will only receive the light that passes the doughnut like portion 142 around the center protruded portion 141 of bottle bottom 11. By such arrangement, the photoelectric conversion sensor 62 will largely be affected by the attenuation degree of the passed light dependent on the existence or not of the residual liquid 2, so that an effective detection of a small amount of residual liquid 2 is possible.
That is to say that, as shown on Fig. 5, an optical mask 151 is placed in front of the light receiving surface of photoelectric conversion sensor 61 and an optical mask 152 is placed in front of the light receiving surface of photoelectric conversion sensor 62. As shown on the plane diagram and indicated by arrow A in Fig. 5, optical mask 151 is formed of, for example, a disc-shaped transparent portion 15A at the center portion thereof and an opaque portion 15B surrounding the same.
The other optical mask 152, as shown by arrow B on the plane diagram of Fig. 5, is formed of a disc-shaped opaque central circular portion l5C, a doughnut-shaped transparent portion 15D
surrounding the same and another ring-shaped opaque section 15E
surrounding the portion 15D. Therefore, the respective optical masks 151 and 152 are limited to the light receiving areas corresponding to the portions 141, 142 as explained with Fig. 4B.
Also it is needless to say that even if the entire passing light through bottle bottom 11 is received by the photoelectric conversion sensor 61 while omitting optical mask 151 therefor, it will not become an obstacle to the function of the above described functions of the present invention. Also although not .
2 ~ g 3 shown on Fig. 5, the other structure and functions of this embodiment are exactly the same as those of the embodiment on Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention whereas the structures of the photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 are special so that without the use of the half mirror 13, the light passed through bottle bottom 11 is received by the photoelectric sensors 61, 62 at one place on the optical axis OA to perform the purpose of the present invention.
In other words, the shape of photoelectric conversivn sensor 61 is made in a small disc like shape while the photoelectric conversion sensor 62 is made into a doughnut like shape to surround the former as shown on the projection diagram of the same in Fig. 6 and both the photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 are placed to be on the same plane and concentric to the optical axis OA. By this arrangement, photoelectric conversion sensor 61 will only receive the light passed through the center portion of the bottle bottom 11 while photoelectric conversion sensor 62 will receive the light only passed through the outer circumference doughnut-shaped portion of bottle bottom 11, which in effect will provide the same function to that of the embodiment of Fig. 5. It is needless to say that it will be necessary to install the same doughnut like-shaped infrared ray filter 7 in front of the light receiving surface of photoelectric conversion sensor 62 which is also doughnut-shaped.
The above explained various embodiments of the present invention were equ~lly in reference with a structured arrangement where the bottle bottom 11 is irradiated from under the bottom 11 and the light passed through the bottom 11 is received above the bottle mouth, but in order to practice the present invention, it ,:: ~ . , ~ . , , ; :
~ 0 ~ 3 .s not necessary to be limited to the above structures and many other constructions may be considered.
Fig. 7A and 7B are a partial cross sectional diagram showing the side view and plane views of a fith embodiment of the present invention. As shown on Figs. 7A and 7B, the photoelectric conversion sensors 61 and 62 are placed at the outside of the bottle 1 near the bottle bottom 11. In this case, the light source 3 is split into two projection type light sources 31, 32 which are placed outside the bottle bottom 11, so that the light sources 31 and 32 are in countering positions to the photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 at the outside in relation to the diameter of bottle bottom 11. The locations of the light sources 31 and 32 will be arranged so that such respective light beams shall pass the residual liquid 2 and be received by the photoelectric conversion sensors 61, 62 respectively in order that the detection of the residual liquid 2 will be effective. The other structures and functions of this embodiment are the same to those of the previously explained embodiments and such drawings and explanations shall not be cited.
F7~rther, explanations were made on these embodiments in the cases of convenient photoelectric conversion sensor utilizations, but with the use of video cameras and CPU or the like, it will be easy for anyone skilled in the art to enable commencement of the main functions and effects of the present invention by logics.
According to the present invention, the prior difficulty to detect small amounts of residual li~uid becomes easy, with the additional merit to remove such hazardous causes to the improvement of detection precision stability by the container (glass bottles or the like) thickness or variations in the colour 2~9~3 :hereof.
It should be understood that the above descripkion is presented by way of example on the preferred embodiments of the invention and it will be apparent that many modifications and variations thereof could be effected by one with ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the invention so that the scope of the invention should be determined only by the appended claims.
,: , :
~ .
:
,
Claims (9)
1. A residual liquid detection apparatus for detecting whether or not liquid remains at the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle, comprising:
a) a light source for irradiating light that contains visible light and infrared rays onto the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle;
b) two photoelectric conversion sensors for receiving light that has passed said bottle bottom from said light source;
c) an optical filter which only passes the infrared rays and is placed in front of the light receiving surface of one of said photoelectric conversion sensors; and d) a means for comparing outputs from said two photoelectric conversion sensors and delivering a signal when a difference between the outputs exceeds a predetermined value.
a) a light source for irradiating light that contains visible light and infrared rays onto the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle;
b) two photoelectric conversion sensors for receiving light that has passed said bottle bottom from said light source;
c) an optical filter which only passes the infrared rays and is placed in front of the light receiving surface of one of said photoelectric conversion sensors; and d) a means for comparing outputs from said two photoelectric conversion sensors and delivering a signal when a difference between the outputs exceeds a predetermined value.
2. A residual liquid detection apparatus for detecting whether or not liquid remains at the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle, comprising:
a) a light source located under the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle and for irradiating light that contains visible light and infrared rays onto the bottle bottom of said transparent bottle;
b) a light diffusing plate located between said light source and said bottle bottom;
c) two photoelectric conversion sensors located above the bottle mouth of said transparent bottle and for receiving light that has passed said bottle bottom from said light source;
d) a condenser lens located between said two photoelectric conversion sensors and said bottle mouth;
e) an optical filter which only passes the infrared rays and is placed in front of the light receiving surface of one of said photoelectric conversion sensors; and f) a means for comparing outputs from said two photoelectric conversion sensors and delivering a signal when a difference between the outputs exceeds a predetermined value.
a) a light source located under the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle and for irradiating light that contains visible light and infrared rays onto the bottle bottom of said transparent bottle;
b) a light diffusing plate located between said light source and said bottle bottom;
c) two photoelectric conversion sensors located above the bottle mouth of said transparent bottle and for receiving light that has passed said bottle bottom from said light source;
d) a condenser lens located between said two photoelectric conversion sensors and said bottle mouth;
e) an optical filter which only passes the infrared rays and is placed in front of the light receiving surface of one of said photoelectric conversion sensors; and f) a means for comparing outputs from said two photoelectric conversion sensors and delivering a signal when a difference between the outputs exceeds a predetermined value.
3. A residual liquid detection apparatus for detecting whether or not liquid remains at the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle, comprising:
a) a light source located under the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle and for irradiating light that contains visible light and infrared rays onto the bottle bottom of said transparent bottle;
b) a light diffusing plate located between said light source and said bottle bottom;
c) two photoelectric conversion sensors located above the bottle mouth of said transparent bottle and for receiving light that has passed said bottle bottom from said light source;
d) a condenser lens located between said two photoelectric conversion sensors and said bottle mouth;
e) an optical filter which only passes the infrared rays and is placed in front of the light receiving surface of one of said photoelectric conversion sensors;
f) a light splitter means located between said condenser lens and said two photoelectric conversion sensors; and g) a means for comparing outputs from said two photoelectric conversion sensors and delivering a signal when a difference between the outputs exceeds a predetermined value, wherein an optical axis of said condenser lens is made coincident to a center axis of said bottle, said photoelectric conversion sensor with no optical filter is located to receive the light which propagates along said optical axis and passes said light splitter, and the other photoelectric conversion sensor is located to receive the light which propagates along said optical axis and is reflected by said light splitter.
a) a light source located under the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle and for irradiating light that contains visible light and infrared rays onto the bottle bottom of said transparent bottle;
b) a light diffusing plate located between said light source and said bottle bottom;
c) two photoelectric conversion sensors located above the bottle mouth of said transparent bottle and for receiving light that has passed said bottle bottom from said light source;
d) a condenser lens located between said two photoelectric conversion sensors and said bottle mouth;
e) an optical filter which only passes the infrared rays and is placed in front of the light receiving surface of one of said photoelectric conversion sensors;
f) a light splitter means located between said condenser lens and said two photoelectric conversion sensors; and g) a means for comparing outputs from said two photoelectric conversion sensors and delivering a signal when a difference between the outputs exceeds a predetermined value, wherein an optical axis of said condenser lens is made coincident to a center axis of said bottle, said photoelectric conversion sensor with no optical filter is located to receive the light which propagates along said optical axis and passes said light splitter, and the other photoelectric conversion sensor is located to receive the light which propagates along said optical axis and is reflected by said light splitter.
4. A residual liquid detection apparatus for detecting whether or not liquid remains at the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle, comprising:
a) a light source located under the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle and for irradiating light that contains visible light and infrared rays onto the bottle bottom of said transparent bottle;
b) a light diffusing plate located between said light source and said bottle bottom;
c) two photoelectric conversion sensors located above the bottle mouth of said transparent bottle and for receiving light that has passed said bottle bottom from said light source;
d) a condenser lens located between said two photoelectric conversion sensors and said bottle mouth;
e) an optical filter which only passes the infrared rays and is placed in front of the light receiving surface of one of said photoelectric conversion sensors; and f) a means for comparing outputs from said two photoelectric conversion sensors and delivering a signal when a difference between the outputs exceeds a predetermined value, wherein an optical axis of said condenser lens is made coincident to a center axis of said bottle, said two photoelectric conversion sensors are concentrically located with respect to said optical axis on the same plane.
a) a light source located under the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle and for irradiating light that contains visible light and infrared rays onto the bottle bottom of said transparent bottle;
b) a light diffusing plate located between said light source and said bottle bottom;
c) two photoelectric conversion sensors located above the bottle mouth of said transparent bottle and for receiving light that has passed said bottle bottom from said light source;
d) a condenser lens located between said two photoelectric conversion sensors and said bottle mouth;
e) an optical filter which only passes the infrared rays and is placed in front of the light receiving surface of one of said photoelectric conversion sensors; and f) a means for comparing outputs from said two photoelectric conversion sensors and delivering a signal when a difference between the outputs exceeds a predetermined value, wherein an optical axis of said condenser lens is made coincident to a center axis of said bottle, said two photoelectric conversion sensors are concentrically located with respect to said optical axis on the same plane.
5. A residual liquid detection apparatus for detecting whether or not liquid remains at the bottle bottom of a transparent ?ottle as claimed in claim 3, wherein said light splitter means is a half mirror.
6. A residual liquid detection apparatus for detecting whether or not liquid remains at the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle as claimed in claim 3, wherein said light splitter means is a prism.
7. A residual liquid detection apparatus for detecting whether or not liquid remains at the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle according to claim 3 further comprising:
two optical masks respectively located in front of the light receiving surfaces of said two photoelectric conversion sensors.
two optical masks respectively located in front of the light receiving surfaces of said two photoelectric conversion sensors.
8. A residual liquid detection apparatus for detecting whether or not liquid remains at the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle as claimed in claim 7, wherein one of said two optical masks is formed of a disc-shaped transparent portion and an opaque portion surrounding said disc-shaped transparent portion, while the other of said two optical mask is formed of a disc-shaped opaque central portion, a doughnut-shaped transparent portion surrounding said disc-shaped portion and a ring-shaped opaque portion surrounding said transparent portion.
9. A residual liquid detection apparatus for detecting whether or not liquid remains at the bottle bottom of a transparent bottle as claimed in claim 3, wherein one of said two photoelectric conversion sensors is of a disc shape while the other photoelectric conversion sensor is of a doughnut shape surrounding the former with a certain space.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2049483 CA2049483A1 (en) | 1991-08-19 | 1991-08-19 | Residual fluid detection apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2049483 CA2049483A1 (en) | 1991-08-19 | 1991-08-19 | Residual fluid detection apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2049483A1 true CA2049483A1 (en) | 1993-02-20 |
Family
ID=4148209
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2049483 Abandoned CA2049483A1 (en) | 1991-08-19 | 1991-08-19 | Residual fluid detection apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2049483A1 (en) |
-
1991
- 1991-08-19 CA CA 2049483 patent/CA2049483A1/en not_active Abandoned
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