CA2024226C - Magnesium oxide coating for electrical steels and a method of coating - Google Patents
Magnesium oxide coating for electrical steels and a method of coating Download PDFInfo
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- CA2024226C CA2024226C CA002024226A CA2024226A CA2024226C CA 2024226 C CA2024226 C CA 2024226C CA 002024226 A CA002024226 A CA 002024226A CA 2024226 A CA2024226 A CA 2024226A CA 2024226 C CA2024226 C CA 2024226C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
- C21D8/1283—Application of a separating or insulating coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
- C21D1/70—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment while heating or quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D3/00—Diffusion processes for extraction of non-metals; Furnaces therefor
- C21D3/02—Extraction of non-metals
- C21D3/04—Decarburising
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Abstract
Decarburized grain oriented silicon steel is provided with an annealing separator which forms a glass film after the final high temperature anneal.
The magnesia used as the annealing separator has a total chlorine level of 0.01 to 0.20% by weight based on the weight of magnesia with at least 0.01 % metal chloride selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Na and K. The chloride addition acts to seal the coating surface during the final anneal to control diffusion and stabilize the secondary grain growth. The glass film which forms during the anneal may be laser scribed for domain refinement without coating damage. The magnesia may also contain additions of phosphates, TiO2, SiO2, Cr and B. The temperature of the magnesia is maintained below 25°C to control hydration and eliminate the need for other additives in the magnesia slurry to control hydration.
The magnesia used as the annealing separator has a total chlorine level of 0.01 to 0.20% by weight based on the weight of magnesia with at least 0.01 % metal chloride selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Na and K. The chloride addition acts to seal the coating surface during the final anneal to control diffusion and stabilize the secondary grain growth. The glass film which forms during the anneal may be laser scribed for domain refinement without coating damage. The magnesia may also contain additions of phosphates, TiO2, SiO2, Cr and B. The temperature of the magnesia is maintained below 25°C to control hydration and eliminate the need for other additives in the magnesia slurry to control hydration.
Description
MAGNESIUM OXIDE COATING FOR ELECTRICAL STEELS
AND THE METHOD OF COATING
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a coating composition which provides good insulative properties and acts an annealing separator during the final high temperature anneal for grain oriented electrical steels. Magnesia is used extensively as a separator for high temperature annealing of electrical steels 1 0 after cold rolling. The coating is normally applied after decarburizing and forms a glass film during the final high temperature anneal.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
1 5 Magnesia coatings which are composed mainly of magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide, are used extensively as a separator coating on electrical steel during the high temperature anneal to prevent the coil laps from sticlang. A
glass film forms from a reaction between the steel surface and the magnesia. A
magnesia coating must possess certain physical qualities and also improve the 2 0 overall magnetic qualities of the electrical steel. To provide all of these properties, the prior workers have done extensive modification to the basic magnesia composition.
Magnesium oxides when present with water can hydrate to magnesium hydroxide in a short period of time. The degree of hydration has a strong 2 5 influence on the viscosity of the magnesia slurry and the control of the process for applying the coating. The amount of water in the coating can have an adverse effect on the glass film formation. To control hydration, prior workers have changed the size and distribution of the magnesia particles. They have adjusted the calcining temperatures for magnesia production. U.S. Patent No. 4,168, 189 (Haselkorn) is representative of this work.
Far more work has been done with additives to the magnesia to improve the glass film formation. A thin insulative glass film requires a reaction at S elevated temperatures between the magnesia and the oxide film on the surface of the silicon steel after decarburization. Various silica and silicate compounds have been added to improve the reactions. Oxides of titanium, chromium and manganese have been added to improve the adherence and glass film.
Phosphate additions have been taught to act as binders in the coating and 1 0 improve hygroscopicity. Various coating additives are used to improve the appearance, thickness, oxidation resistance and other properties of the glass film produced during the high temperature anneal.
Considerable work has also been done to improve the magnetic properties of the silicon steel by adjusting the composition of the magnesia. The magnesia 1 5 has a strong influence on surface reactions relating to atmosphere interactions and grain size control. U.S. Patent No. 3,627,594 adds titanium dioxide and manganese oxides. U.S. Patent No. 3,676,227 adds boron compounds to the magnesia.
Chlorides have been added to magnesias in the past but in combination 2 0 with other compounds. U.S. Patent No. 4,543,134 adds a chloride of Sb, Sr, Ti or Zr with an antimony compound, such as Sb2(S04)3, to seal the strip surface and prevent the atmosphere from reacting with the base metal. The chlorides are used to increase the silica fom~ed on the surface and reduce the Fe0 content.
The sealing function of the magnesia coating is attributed to the antimony compound which prevents the removal and absorption of the inhibitor elements.
The level of chlorine in th~ coating may range from 0.0025 to 0.4%.
U.S. Patent No. 3,841,925 adds a chlorine contributor and sodium metasilicate to magnesia to resist hydration and form a nonporous insulative coating. The critical balance between these additions results in a magnesia with sodium chloride and magnesium silicate which delay hydration and provide a longer residence time for coating. The magnesia has a high level of chlorine, typically about 0.22 to 3.4% based on the weight of magnesia.
U.S. Patent No. 4,287,006 in Fig. 1 clearly shows the importance of 1 0 eliminating chlorine by requiring the temperature of ca~ining to be above 1300°C
for the control of hydration of magnesias. Column 7, line 27 of this patent states annealing separator should contain no magnesium chloride or magnesium sulfate because they hinder the formation of the glass film.
U.S. Patent No. 3,956,029 states chlorine should be below 0.04% in 1 5 magnesia coatings because it forms a corrosive gas which attacks the base metal and causes a rough surface. The irregular coating thickness which results causes a poor glass ~Im with subsequent peeling problems.
U.S. Patent No. 3,941,623 teaches the control of the moisture which remains from the hydration of magnesium oxide during the final high temperature 2 0 anneal. The patent uses metal nitrides which are subsequently converted into oxides during the anneal to consume water and lower the dew point. This reduces th~ steel oxides and provides an improved glass ~Im and grain growth control in the (110)[001j direction.
Magnesium oxides used for annealing separators in processing electrical 2 5 steels during the final anneal at temperatures between 1100°C and 1300°C have 2a 24~ 22~
been modified in many ways. The problems of hydration control, glass film-metal surface reactions, impurity removal at the surface and excellent magnetic properties in the glass film and base metal have been so complex that the solutions have been only partially successful. The additions to magnesia in the past have also been very complex in nature due to the interactions with other additives.
The present invention has provided magnesia additives used for annealing separators which do not cause an unsafe environmental working condition and which are less expensive to use. The interactions with the 1 0 magnesia components are less complex but still provide the desired benefits of a high quality glass film and excellent improvements to magnetic quality. The additives are carefully controlled within critical limits to provide the desired combination of properties.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has discovered the addition of a metal chloride (selected from the group of Mg, Na, K and Cad to magnesia will provide improved orientation and magnetic quality without the combined addition of sodium metasilicate or antimony sulfate. The level of chlorine from the chloride addition 2 0 within the range of 0.01 to 0.2% was found to produce excellent glass film quality and magnetic improvements equivalent to prior art magnesias but without the environmental concerns of antimony. The chloride addition of the present invention lowers the glass film formation temperature to seal the surface at a lower temperature. The control of coating porosity using chlorides without the 2 S need for another additive which reacts with the chlorine is unexpected based on prior work with chlorides. The chloride addition provides an improved control of 2A 2~ 22~
final grain orientation and grain size by limiting the diffusion and surface interactions.
The use of Mg, Ca, Na and/or K to provide the surface of chlorine is also critical to the quality of the glass film and the magnetic properties of the electrical steel strip. It is important to note that the total level of chlorine in the magnesia must be considered to optimize the level of metal chloride being added. The production of the magnesia may inherently have some level of chlorine which may be adjusted in combination with the metal chloride addition.
The magnesia of the present invention may also contain additions of titanium dioxide to stabilize the aqueous suspension and improve the glass film quality and the magnetic properties of the steel strip. Boron, chromium, silica and calcium phosphate additions are also optional with the present coating composition. The magnesia of the present invention may also be modified to optimize the benefits for regular grain oriented or high permeability grain oriented.
The present invention also provides a process for coating silicon containing electrical steel strip with an adherent electrically insulative coating prior to the final high temperature anneal. The aqueous slurry of magnesia is conventionally applied to the decarburized strip, heated to remove water and dry the coating and annealed above about 1,000°C to form a glass film and develop the desired magnetic properties.
Accordingly, in one aspect, the invention provides a magnesia slurry for coating cold rolled oriented silicon steels prior to a final high temperature anneal, said slurry being maintained below 25°C and consisting essentially of:
Sa ~~' (a) magnesia with a majority of the particles having a citric acid activity (CAA) less than 200 seconds;
(b) a total chlorine level in said magnesia of 0.01 to 0.20 weight % based on the weight of said magnesia with at least 0.01 weight % chlorine being from a metal chloride selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Na and K;
(c) 0 to 15 weight % Ti02;
(d) 0 to 10 weight % Si02;
(e) 0 to 15 weight % Cr;
(f) 0 to 0.3 weight % B; and (g) 0 to 20 weight % phosphate.
In another aspect, the invention provides a method for producing a glass film on oriented silicon steel strip, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a magnesia bath consisting essentially of magnesia particles with a majority of said magnesia particles having a citric acid activity less than 200 seconds, 0 to 15 weight % Ti02 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 10 weight % Si02 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 15 weight % Cr based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 0.3 weight % B based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 20 weight % phosphate based on the weight of said magnesia, and a metal chloride selected from the group consisting of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride;
(b) maintaining said magnesia bath at temperature from above freezing to 25°C;
(c) applying an aqueous magnesia slurry from said bath to said strip;
Sb (d) drying said magnesia slurry to remove excess water and provide a dried magnesia coating weighing about 6.4 grams per square meter, said dried coating having 0.01 to 0.20 weight % total chlorine based on the weight of said dried magnesia with at least 0.01 weight % based on the weight of said dried magnesia being from said metal chloride; and (e) providing a final high temperature anneal to form said glass film wherein said metal chloride seals said coating surface during said anneal to control grain growth inhibitors in said steel to stabilize secondary grain growth and develop improved magnetic properties.
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method for providing a glass film on oriented silicon steel strip, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a magnesia bath consisting essentially of magnesia particles with a majority of said magnesia particles having a citric acid activity less than 200 seconds, 0 to 15 weight % Ti02 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 10 weight % Si02 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 15 weight % Cr based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 0.3 weight % B based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 20 weight % phosphate based on the weight of said magnesia, and a metal chloride selected from the group consisting of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride;
(b) maintaining said bath at a temperature from above freezing to 25°C;
(c) applying a magnesia slurry from said bath to said strip;
Sc (d) drying said magnesia slurry to remove excess water and provide a dried magnesia coating having from 1.8 x 10-9 to 3.6 x 10-g moles chlorine per square centimetre per side of said step with at least 1.8 x 10-9 moles chlorine per square centimetre per side of said steel being provided by said metal chloride; and (e) providing a final high temperature anneal to form said glass film wherein said metal chloride seals said coating surface during said anneal to control grain growth inhibitors in said steel to stabilize secondary grain growth and develop improved magnetic properties.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The annealing separator of the present invention is a magnesia with a controlled level of hydration to allow the aqueous slurry to be applied by conventional processing. Magnesia slurries will have some degree of hydration which require the water of hydration to be driven off during the high temperature anneal. The water remaining after drying will cause porosity in the final glass. To provide a magnesia slurry with controlled hydration, the majority of the particles should have a citric acid activity (CAA) below 200 seconds and preferably below 100 seconds. CAA is a measure of the activity of the magnesia determined by the time required for a predetermined amount of hydroxyl ions to neutralize a given weight of citric acid. The test is disclosed fully in U.S. Patent No. 3,841,925 at lines 22-46 of column 4 as being conducted by:
(1.) 100 ml. of 0.400 normal aqueous citric acid containing 2 ml. of 1 percent phenophthalein indicator is brought to 30°C in an 8 ounce wide mouth jar (the jar is fitted with a screw cap and a magnetic stirrer bar); (2.) magnesia weighing 2.00 g is admitted to the jar and a stopwatch is started at the same instant; (3.) as soon as the magnesia sample is added the lid is screwed on the jar. At the 5 second point the jar and contents are vigorously shaken and shaking is terminated at the 10-second point; (4.) at the 10-second point the sample is placed on a Sd magnetic stirrer assembly and mechanical stirring produces a vortex about 2 centimetres deep at the centre when the inside diameter of the jar is 6 cm; and (5.) the stopwatch is stopped the instant the suspension turns pink and the time is noted. This time in seconds is the citric acid activity. The magnesias of the present invention may also include up to about 45% inactive magnesia which has a CAA above 200 seconds and typically about 500-5,000. The inactive magnesia tends to control hydration since it hydrates more slowly and also is less expensive.
The amount of inactive magnesia which can be effectively used is related to the quality of the glass film and the control of porosity in the film.
The magnesia of the present invention requires a chlorine addition within the critical range of 0.01 to 0.20 weight % to provide good glass film formation and improved magnetic quality in the grain oriented electrical steel. The chlorine level required may be partially provided by the magnesia production in combination with at least 0.01 % metal chloride. It is the total level of chlorine present which must be controlled within the ranges of 0.01 to 0.20 weight %.
The chlorine in a metal compound selected from the group of Mg, Na, K and Ca may be added to the magnesia in an amount of 0.01 to 0.20 weight % based on the weight of Mg0 depending on the level of chlorine present in the magnesia initially. The metals used with the chlorides are selected to provide improved magnetic quality without any adverse effects on safety, cost and glass film and may be used alone or in combination. The magnesia of the present invention will have a citric acid activity of less than 200 seconds for the majority of the particles. The magnesia may also contain up to about 45% inactive magnesia particles having a citric acid activity above 200 and typically from above 500 to 5,000.
The magnesia coating of the present invention is applied to cold rolled strip of electrical steel prior to the final high temperature anneal. The electrical steel strip is typically grain oriented silicon steel containing up to 4 %
silicon, up to 0.08 % carbon, and any of the well known grain growth inhibitors, such as AIN, MnS, MnSe, BN, and others. High permeability silicon steel is generally considered to possess a permeability above 1880 at 796 A!m and has an 1 0 aluminum nitride inhibitor system as a result of adding about 0.01 to 0.065%
aluminum. U.S. Patent No. 3,676,227 is typical of this technology.
Decarburization of the strip produces a carbon level below about 0.003% and a surface oxide which reacts with the magnesia during the final high temperature anneal to form the glass film of forsterite. The oxide film formed during 1 5 decarburizing is basically fayalite and Si02 with some iron oxide present.
The chloride addition of the present invention modifies the surface reactions and the level must be carefully controlled. Total chlorine levels above 0.20% produce a glass film with too high a level of iron to be acceptable quality.
Excessive chlorine levels also result in poor oxidation resistance and poor 2 0 surface resistivity due to the iron content on the surface. The interface between the glass film and the base metal also becomes too rough with high levels of chlorine. Chlorine is preferably added at levels below about 0.15% and more preferably below about 0.12%. To obtain the magnetic improvement to the electrical steel, a minimum level of 0.01 % chlorine must be present . A
preferred 2 5 minimum chlorine added as a metal chloride of the invention is about 0.015%
(and more preferably 0.02%) which provides an optimum balance between improving the glass film and the magnetic properties of the base metal.
The chlorides of the present invention act to seal the surface during annealing to control the grain growth inhibitors. This plays a major role in the stability of secondary grain growth. In prior chloride additions to magnesia, such as U.S.Patent No. 3,841,925, the formation of a nonporous coating was provided by the reaction with a compound such as sodium metasilicate which was balanced stoichiometrically to the chlorides. The reaction produced magnesium silicate and sodium chloride which formed the nonporous coating and controlled 1 0 hydration. Examples with magnesium chlorides within the ranges of the present invention were shown to be unsuitable for coating (viscosity so low that the slurry was too thin and resulted in excessive porosity). The work done in this patent clearly shows a quantity of sodium silicate less than the stoichiometric equivalent to react with magnesium chloride will produce a coating which is deficient in 1 5 insulative properties and is porous. The present invention has found that a critical lower level of chlorine does not require the sodium silicate addition.
The other prior work of interest was the addition of Sb, Sr, Ti or Zr chloride with antimony sulfate in U.S.Patent No. 4,543,134. The chlorine was selected in an amount from 0.0025 to 0.4%. With less than 0.05% antimony sulfate, the 2 0 patent taught magnetic properties would not be improved. The present invention provides the same improvements without the antimony sulfate addition which this patent taught was required. The present invention also uses different metals to provide the addition of the chlorine.
In order to apply the magnesia of the present invention by conventional 2 5 means, the hydration of the magnesia must be controlled to provide a slurry having a viscosity within a workable range and a stability sufficient to provide a reasonable range of operation. This is accomplished by controlling the temperature of the magnesia slurry, the particle size of the magnesia and the use of various additives.
The temperature of the magnesia is controlled to be above freezing and below about 75°F (25°C) and preferably between about 32-45°F (0-7°C). This eliminates the need for additional additives for hydration control which may have an adverse influence on glass film quality or the magnetic properties of the silicon steel. To maintain the temperature range of the slurry, the magnesia is 1 0 maintained in an insulated vessel with refrigeration coils. The magnesia is mixed with cold water and never stored for prolonged periods of time. By maintaining this cold condition of the magnesia, the slurry does not hydrate to a significant degree which would interfere with the coating thickness or uniformity of the glass film. The temperature of the magnesia has a general relationship to the storage 1 5 life before hydration adversely affects the application of the coating.
The higher the temperature, the more quickly it must be used.
The particle size and citric acid activity of the magnesia for high permeability silicon steel plays an important role in the glass film quality.
The majority of the particles will have a CAA below 200 and preferably below 100.
2 0 The magnesia may contain up to about 45 % inactive magnesia which has a CAA
above 200 and typically from 500 to 5,000. Regular grain oriented silicon steel may use a magnesia with larger particle size and have more inactive magnesia.
The bulk density or packing factor of the dried magnesia coating is dependent on the particle size distribution and CAA to control the interactions with the 2 5 atmosphere and surface reactions on the steel. The degree of hydration will also influence the magnesia particles during drying. The amount of water of hydration will be reduced with larger particle sizes. Too coarse of particles will tend to settle out of the slurry and not undergo reaction with the silica during the final anneal. To avoid having a porous coating due to excess hydration and have a magnesia which may be applied as an aqueous slurry by dipping, spraying or metering rolls, all of these variables must be controlled. The magnesia coatings of the invention will produce a good glass film under these conditions and will eliminate the need for the sulfate and silicate additions required in prior coatings.
The chloride addition has another important consideration which has not 1 0 been addressed in the prior art. Laser scribing for domain refinement has become a required practice for high permeability grain oriented silicon steel.
The nature of the surface film has a considerable influence on the amount of energy from the laser which passes through the glass film and the amount of damage caused to the glass film during domain refinement. The present glass film 1 5 developed by the chloride additions of the present invention is controlled to provide a glass film which may be laser treated without surface damage. A
laser process such as taught in U.S. Patent No. 4,456,812 has been found to be very beneficial in providing domain refinement without damage to the glass film.
To evaluate the properties of glass film produced from a magnesia having 2 0 a chlorine addition using a compound of the invention, a series of experiments were conducted. Cold rolled strip of high permeability silicon steel having an AIN
inhibitor system was coated with a magnesia having MgCl2 of various amounts.
The results were compared to a magnesia having an addition of antimony sulfate as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,543,134 and are shown in TABLE 1. The 2 5 material was 0.23 mm in thickness, 76 mm in width and 305 mm In length.
The results are the average of 10 samples coated with Tateho A1120 magnesia with 5% Ti02. The samples were heated up to 1200°C in a 25% nitrogen-75%
hydrogen atmosphere with a 4°C dew point. The samples were soaked at 1200°C for 15 hours in 100% H2. After the final anneal was completed, the samples were scrubbed and stress relief annealed. The magnesia used had a chlorine level of 0.02 weight %.
%CI WATTSJLB WATTS/LB H-10 ADDIT~ WEIGHT % CORE LOSS CORE LOSS p~$~
1 ------------ 0.02 .397 .566 1925 Sb2(S04)3 +SbCi3 0.035 .392 .549 1938 2 0.065 .389 .531 1939 0.095 .396 .561 1931 --------------0.02 .397 .566 1925 MgCl2 0.035 .392 .548 1927 " 0.065 .398 .547 1940 3 0.095 .393 .533 1941 A comparison of the magnetic properties between the 2 additives to the magnesias indicate the magnesium chloride addition which adds about 0.015 to 0.075 % chlorine produces magnetic properties equal to or better than the same 3 5 level of chloride addition with the antimony sulfate within the range of about 0.03 to 0.10% total chlorine. It is clearly suggested that levels of chlorine up to 0.20%
should produce better magnetic properties with the magnesium chloride addition of the present invention based on the trend up to the 0.10% level. The higher the chlorine level, the more the magnesium chloride is preferred over the Sb chloride additives.
As part of the investigation, other samples were also evaluated for glass film quality using comparative evaluations on secondary coating adherence, oxidation resistance and Franklin resistivity measurements on the glass film.
These results are shown in TABLE 2.
PIiYSICAL GLASS FILM QUALITY
Franklin 1 5 Total Oxidation % Secondary Amps l~1 FLB;?lS,Zr~108 Coatin~p Flaking (ass Film 0.011 Good Fair , .506 0.031 Very Good Very Good .587 0.061 Fair Very Good .665 2 0 0.111 Poor Best .755 All chloride additions are MgCL2 , Mg0 has 0.011 % CI
All coating weights are about 6.4 gm/m2/side 0.23mm High Permeability Silicon Steel A preferred level of total chlorine has been determined to be about 0.015 to about 0.15%. A more preferred total level of chlorine is about 0.015 to about 0.12%, which provides a good balance of magnetic improvements with a glass film having good physical properties. The optimum total chlorine level appears to 3 0 be from 0.02 to 0.10%.
The resulting glass film must also permit laser scribing without coating damage. The laser scribing process of U.S Patent No. 4,456,812 provides improved domain refinement with the present glass films and avoids coating damage. The magnesia composition of the present invention provides improved optical characteristics for laser treatments. While any of the metals selected from the group of Mg, Ca, K or Na may be used alone or in combination, the use of Mg and Na are preferred. The magnesia may include up to 15 weight % Ti02 and preferably about 5 to 10% when added. Colloidal silica may also be added in amounts up to 10 weight %. For high permeability grain oriented silicon steel, the 1 0 level of silica is preferably about 3 to 7% and boron is preferably about 0.05 to 0.15%. Chromium is also an optional addition up to 15 weight %. Preferably the level is restricted to about 2.5 to about 5% when added.
The magnesias of the present invention may also be used for insulative coatings for regular grain oriented electrical steels. These magnesias may be 1 5 varied slightly to include up to about 20% phosphate additions with calcium phosphate additions preferred within the range of 4-15%, up to 15% chromium additions with 2-10% preferred, up to 10% silica with about 3-7% preferred and up to 0.15% boron with a preferred maximum of 0.10%.
The glass film formed from the magnesia may have an insulative coating 2 0 applied over the surface and the secondary coating will have good adherence.
The addition of the metal chloride in the present invention does not require a precipitation reaction with a solution of a silicate salt as claimed in U.S.
Patent No. 3,941,622. A magnesia-silica complex is not applied in the process of the present invention. TABLE 3 below shows the influence of the metal chloride 2 5 addition within the ranges of the invention for magnesium, calcium and sodium.
The permeability and core losses are dramatically improved by adding these levels of chlorides. The results also indicate that increasing calcium to the more preferred level for magnesium and sodium does not provide any additional benefit and, in fact, may cause a slight degradation in properties. While no data is provided for potassium, it is expected to behave similar to sodium in the levels required to obtain similar benefits. Both sodium and potassium tend to smooth the metal interface. Magnesium tends to be more neutral in this regard.
Calcium appears to improve adherence of the glass film. All of the metal chloride additives of the invention provide a level of chlorine which roughen the strip 1 0 surface. As stated previously, the chlorine also lowers the temperature of glass film formation. It is important to note that magnesias may have an inherent level of chlorine, such as 0.011% in the first example of TABLE 3. This chlorine level must be considered as contributing to the total level of chlorine reacting in the system. The minimum metal chloride addition to provide 0.01 % chlorine must be 1 5 adhered to regardless of the chlorine content of the magnesia. Part of the preferred higher chlorine contents may include chlorine from the magnesia in combination with the metal chlorides.
CHLORIDE ADDITIVES
Total Stress Relief ealed Laser Scribed Ann Additiye 1~r1 ~Q ~$ ~Y1?L~ W17/60 cw~~~ cwn~~~ m cw~g~ cw~g~
------ 0.011 .901 1.258 1.914 .835 1.141 MgCl2 0.041 .881 1.231 1.925 .802 1.081 MgCl2 0.071 .872 1.218 1.927 .793 1.070 NaCt 0.041 .874 1.225 1.923 .800 1.084 NaCI 0.071 .874 1.203 1.932 .786 1.048 CaCl2 0.041 .881 1.231 1.923 .802 1.084 CaCl2 0.071 .894 1.242 1.927 .804 1.079 Stress relief anneal at 1525°F, 2 hours, in 95% N2 -5%H2 The levels of the metal chloride required to improve glass film and magnetic properties appear to vary slightly depending on the metal selected.
The preferred maximum level of chlorine with calcium chloride appears to be lower 2 0 than with magnesium, sodium or potassium chloride additions. While the reason for this difference is not completely understood, the improved properties occur with a preferred calcium addition of about 0.015-0.07%. The preferred levels with the other metal chloride additions of the invention is about 0.015-0.10%.
These addition levels may be adjusted to compensate for the level of chlorine present in 2 5 the source of magnesia.
The present invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments but is to be understood that numerous modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. The appended claims are intended to cover all such equivalent variations as come within the true spirit and 3 0 ape of the invention.
AND THE METHOD OF COATING
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a coating composition which provides good insulative properties and acts an annealing separator during the final high temperature anneal for grain oriented electrical steels. Magnesia is used extensively as a separator for high temperature annealing of electrical steels 1 0 after cold rolling. The coating is normally applied after decarburizing and forms a glass film during the final high temperature anneal.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
1 5 Magnesia coatings which are composed mainly of magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide, are used extensively as a separator coating on electrical steel during the high temperature anneal to prevent the coil laps from sticlang. A
glass film forms from a reaction between the steel surface and the magnesia. A
magnesia coating must possess certain physical qualities and also improve the 2 0 overall magnetic qualities of the electrical steel. To provide all of these properties, the prior workers have done extensive modification to the basic magnesia composition.
Magnesium oxides when present with water can hydrate to magnesium hydroxide in a short period of time. The degree of hydration has a strong 2 5 influence on the viscosity of the magnesia slurry and the control of the process for applying the coating. The amount of water in the coating can have an adverse effect on the glass film formation. To control hydration, prior workers have changed the size and distribution of the magnesia particles. They have adjusted the calcining temperatures for magnesia production. U.S. Patent No. 4,168, 189 (Haselkorn) is representative of this work.
Far more work has been done with additives to the magnesia to improve the glass film formation. A thin insulative glass film requires a reaction at S elevated temperatures between the magnesia and the oxide film on the surface of the silicon steel after decarburization. Various silica and silicate compounds have been added to improve the reactions. Oxides of titanium, chromium and manganese have been added to improve the adherence and glass film.
Phosphate additions have been taught to act as binders in the coating and 1 0 improve hygroscopicity. Various coating additives are used to improve the appearance, thickness, oxidation resistance and other properties of the glass film produced during the high temperature anneal.
Considerable work has also been done to improve the magnetic properties of the silicon steel by adjusting the composition of the magnesia. The magnesia 1 5 has a strong influence on surface reactions relating to atmosphere interactions and grain size control. U.S. Patent No. 3,627,594 adds titanium dioxide and manganese oxides. U.S. Patent No. 3,676,227 adds boron compounds to the magnesia.
Chlorides have been added to magnesias in the past but in combination 2 0 with other compounds. U.S. Patent No. 4,543,134 adds a chloride of Sb, Sr, Ti or Zr with an antimony compound, such as Sb2(S04)3, to seal the strip surface and prevent the atmosphere from reacting with the base metal. The chlorides are used to increase the silica fom~ed on the surface and reduce the Fe0 content.
The sealing function of the magnesia coating is attributed to the antimony compound which prevents the removal and absorption of the inhibitor elements.
The level of chlorine in th~ coating may range from 0.0025 to 0.4%.
U.S. Patent No. 3,841,925 adds a chlorine contributor and sodium metasilicate to magnesia to resist hydration and form a nonporous insulative coating. The critical balance between these additions results in a magnesia with sodium chloride and magnesium silicate which delay hydration and provide a longer residence time for coating. The magnesia has a high level of chlorine, typically about 0.22 to 3.4% based on the weight of magnesia.
U.S. Patent No. 4,287,006 in Fig. 1 clearly shows the importance of 1 0 eliminating chlorine by requiring the temperature of ca~ining to be above 1300°C
for the control of hydration of magnesias. Column 7, line 27 of this patent states annealing separator should contain no magnesium chloride or magnesium sulfate because they hinder the formation of the glass film.
U.S. Patent No. 3,956,029 states chlorine should be below 0.04% in 1 5 magnesia coatings because it forms a corrosive gas which attacks the base metal and causes a rough surface. The irregular coating thickness which results causes a poor glass ~Im with subsequent peeling problems.
U.S. Patent No. 3,941,623 teaches the control of the moisture which remains from the hydration of magnesium oxide during the final high temperature 2 0 anneal. The patent uses metal nitrides which are subsequently converted into oxides during the anneal to consume water and lower the dew point. This reduces th~ steel oxides and provides an improved glass ~Im and grain growth control in the (110)[001j direction.
Magnesium oxides used for annealing separators in processing electrical 2 5 steels during the final anneal at temperatures between 1100°C and 1300°C have 2a 24~ 22~
been modified in many ways. The problems of hydration control, glass film-metal surface reactions, impurity removal at the surface and excellent magnetic properties in the glass film and base metal have been so complex that the solutions have been only partially successful. The additions to magnesia in the past have also been very complex in nature due to the interactions with other additives.
The present invention has provided magnesia additives used for annealing separators which do not cause an unsafe environmental working condition and which are less expensive to use. The interactions with the 1 0 magnesia components are less complex but still provide the desired benefits of a high quality glass film and excellent improvements to magnetic quality. The additives are carefully controlled within critical limits to provide the desired combination of properties.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has discovered the addition of a metal chloride (selected from the group of Mg, Na, K and Cad to magnesia will provide improved orientation and magnetic quality without the combined addition of sodium metasilicate or antimony sulfate. The level of chlorine from the chloride addition 2 0 within the range of 0.01 to 0.2% was found to produce excellent glass film quality and magnetic improvements equivalent to prior art magnesias but without the environmental concerns of antimony. The chloride addition of the present invention lowers the glass film formation temperature to seal the surface at a lower temperature. The control of coating porosity using chlorides without the 2 S need for another additive which reacts with the chlorine is unexpected based on prior work with chlorides. The chloride addition provides an improved control of 2A 2~ 22~
final grain orientation and grain size by limiting the diffusion and surface interactions.
The use of Mg, Ca, Na and/or K to provide the surface of chlorine is also critical to the quality of the glass film and the magnetic properties of the electrical steel strip. It is important to note that the total level of chlorine in the magnesia must be considered to optimize the level of metal chloride being added. The production of the magnesia may inherently have some level of chlorine which may be adjusted in combination with the metal chloride addition.
The magnesia of the present invention may also contain additions of titanium dioxide to stabilize the aqueous suspension and improve the glass film quality and the magnetic properties of the steel strip. Boron, chromium, silica and calcium phosphate additions are also optional with the present coating composition. The magnesia of the present invention may also be modified to optimize the benefits for regular grain oriented or high permeability grain oriented.
The present invention also provides a process for coating silicon containing electrical steel strip with an adherent electrically insulative coating prior to the final high temperature anneal. The aqueous slurry of magnesia is conventionally applied to the decarburized strip, heated to remove water and dry the coating and annealed above about 1,000°C to form a glass film and develop the desired magnetic properties.
Accordingly, in one aspect, the invention provides a magnesia slurry for coating cold rolled oriented silicon steels prior to a final high temperature anneal, said slurry being maintained below 25°C and consisting essentially of:
Sa ~~' (a) magnesia with a majority of the particles having a citric acid activity (CAA) less than 200 seconds;
(b) a total chlorine level in said magnesia of 0.01 to 0.20 weight % based on the weight of said magnesia with at least 0.01 weight % chlorine being from a metal chloride selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Na and K;
(c) 0 to 15 weight % Ti02;
(d) 0 to 10 weight % Si02;
(e) 0 to 15 weight % Cr;
(f) 0 to 0.3 weight % B; and (g) 0 to 20 weight % phosphate.
In another aspect, the invention provides a method for producing a glass film on oriented silicon steel strip, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a magnesia bath consisting essentially of magnesia particles with a majority of said magnesia particles having a citric acid activity less than 200 seconds, 0 to 15 weight % Ti02 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 10 weight % Si02 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 15 weight % Cr based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 0.3 weight % B based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 20 weight % phosphate based on the weight of said magnesia, and a metal chloride selected from the group consisting of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride;
(b) maintaining said magnesia bath at temperature from above freezing to 25°C;
(c) applying an aqueous magnesia slurry from said bath to said strip;
Sb (d) drying said magnesia slurry to remove excess water and provide a dried magnesia coating weighing about 6.4 grams per square meter, said dried coating having 0.01 to 0.20 weight % total chlorine based on the weight of said dried magnesia with at least 0.01 weight % based on the weight of said dried magnesia being from said metal chloride; and (e) providing a final high temperature anneal to form said glass film wherein said metal chloride seals said coating surface during said anneal to control grain growth inhibitors in said steel to stabilize secondary grain growth and develop improved magnetic properties.
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method for providing a glass film on oriented silicon steel strip, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a magnesia bath consisting essentially of magnesia particles with a majority of said magnesia particles having a citric acid activity less than 200 seconds, 0 to 15 weight % Ti02 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 10 weight % Si02 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 15 weight % Cr based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 0.3 weight % B based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 20 weight % phosphate based on the weight of said magnesia, and a metal chloride selected from the group consisting of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride;
(b) maintaining said bath at a temperature from above freezing to 25°C;
(c) applying a magnesia slurry from said bath to said strip;
Sc (d) drying said magnesia slurry to remove excess water and provide a dried magnesia coating having from 1.8 x 10-9 to 3.6 x 10-g moles chlorine per square centimetre per side of said step with at least 1.8 x 10-9 moles chlorine per square centimetre per side of said steel being provided by said metal chloride; and (e) providing a final high temperature anneal to form said glass film wherein said metal chloride seals said coating surface during said anneal to control grain growth inhibitors in said steel to stabilize secondary grain growth and develop improved magnetic properties.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The annealing separator of the present invention is a magnesia with a controlled level of hydration to allow the aqueous slurry to be applied by conventional processing. Magnesia slurries will have some degree of hydration which require the water of hydration to be driven off during the high temperature anneal. The water remaining after drying will cause porosity in the final glass. To provide a magnesia slurry with controlled hydration, the majority of the particles should have a citric acid activity (CAA) below 200 seconds and preferably below 100 seconds. CAA is a measure of the activity of the magnesia determined by the time required for a predetermined amount of hydroxyl ions to neutralize a given weight of citric acid. The test is disclosed fully in U.S. Patent No. 3,841,925 at lines 22-46 of column 4 as being conducted by:
(1.) 100 ml. of 0.400 normal aqueous citric acid containing 2 ml. of 1 percent phenophthalein indicator is brought to 30°C in an 8 ounce wide mouth jar (the jar is fitted with a screw cap and a magnetic stirrer bar); (2.) magnesia weighing 2.00 g is admitted to the jar and a stopwatch is started at the same instant; (3.) as soon as the magnesia sample is added the lid is screwed on the jar. At the 5 second point the jar and contents are vigorously shaken and shaking is terminated at the 10-second point; (4.) at the 10-second point the sample is placed on a Sd magnetic stirrer assembly and mechanical stirring produces a vortex about 2 centimetres deep at the centre when the inside diameter of the jar is 6 cm; and (5.) the stopwatch is stopped the instant the suspension turns pink and the time is noted. This time in seconds is the citric acid activity. The magnesias of the present invention may also include up to about 45% inactive magnesia which has a CAA above 200 seconds and typically about 500-5,000. The inactive magnesia tends to control hydration since it hydrates more slowly and also is less expensive.
The amount of inactive magnesia which can be effectively used is related to the quality of the glass film and the control of porosity in the film.
The magnesia of the present invention requires a chlorine addition within the critical range of 0.01 to 0.20 weight % to provide good glass film formation and improved magnetic quality in the grain oriented electrical steel. The chlorine level required may be partially provided by the magnesia production in combination with at least 0.01 % metal chloride. It is the total level of chlorine present which must be controlled within the ranges of 0.01 to 0.20 weight %.
The chlorine in a metal compound selected from the group of Mg, Na, K and Ca may be added to the magnesia in an amount of 0.01 to 0.20 weight % based on the weight of Mg0 depending on the level of chlorine present in the magnesia initially. The metals used with the chlorides are selected to provide improved magnetic quality without any adverse effects on safety, cost and glass film and may be used alone or in combination. The magnesia of the present invention will have a citric acid activity of less than 200 seconds for the majority of the particles. The magnesia may also contain up to about 45% inactive magnesia particles having a citric acid activity above 200 and typically from above 500 to 5,000.
The magnesia coating of the present invention is applied to cold rolled strip of electrical steel prior to the final high temperature anneal. The electrical steel strip is typically grain oriented silicon steel containing up to 4 %
silicon, up to 0.08 % carbon, and any of the well known grain growth inhibitors, such as AIN, MnS, MnSe, BN, and others. High permeability silicon steel is generally considered to possess a permeability above 1880 at 796 A!m and has an 1 0 aluminum nitride inhibitor system as a result of adding about 0.01 to 0.065%
aluminum. U.S. Patent No. 3,676,227 is typical of this technology.
Decarburization of the strip produces a carbon level below about 0.003% and a surface oxide which reacts with the magnesia during the final high temperature anneal to form the glass film of forsterite. The oxide film formed during 1 5 decarburizing is basically fayalite and Si02 with some iron oxide present.
The chloride addition of the present invention modifies the surface reactions and the level must be carefully controlled. Total chlorine levels above 0.20% produce a glass film with too high a level of iron to be acceptable quality.
Excessive chlorine levels also result in poor oxidation resistance and poor 2 0 surface resistivity due to the iron content on the surface. The interface between the glass film and the base metal also becomes too rough with high levels of chlorine. Chlorine is preferably added at levels below about 0.15% and more preferably below about 0.12%. To obtain the magnetic improvement to the electrical steel, a minimum level of 0.01 % chlorine must be present . A
preferred 2 5 minimum chlorine added as a metal chloride of the invention is about 0.015%
(and more preferably 0.02%) which provides an optimum balance between improving the glass film and the magnetic properties of the base metal.
The chlorides of the present invention act to seal the surface during annealing to control the grain growth inhibitors. This plays a major role in the stability of secondary grain growth. In prior chloride additions to magnesia, such as U.S.Patent No. 3,841,925, the formation of a nonporous coating was provided by the reaction with a compound such as sodium metasilicate which was balanced stoichiometrically to the chlorides. The reaction produced magnesium silicate and sodium chloride which formed the nonporous coating and controlled 1 0 hydration. Examples with magnesium chlorides within the ranges of the present invention were shown to be unsuitable for coating (viscosity so low that the slurry was too thin and resulted in excessive porosity). The work done in this patent clearly shows a quantity of sodium silicate less than the stoichiometric equivalent to react with magnesium chloride will produce a coating which is deficient in 1 5 insulative properties and is porous. The present invention has found that a critical lower level of chlorine does not require the sodium silicate addition.
The other prior work of interest was the addition of Sb, Sr, Ti or Zr chloride with antimony sulfate in U.S.Patent No. 4,543,134. The chlorine was selected in an amount from 0.0025 to 0.4%. With less than 0.05% antimony sulfate, the 2 0 patent taught magnetic properties would not be improved. The present invention provides the same improvements without the antimony sulfate addition which this patent taught was required. The present invention also uses different metals to provide the addition of the chlorine.
In order to apply the magnesia of the present invention by conventional 2 5 means, the hydration of the magnesia must be controlled to provide a slurry having a viscosity within a workable range and a stability sufficient to provide a reasonable range of operation. This is accomplished by controlling the temperature of the magnesia slurry, the particle size of the magnesia and the use of various additives.
The temperature of the magnesia is controlled to be above freezing and below about 75°F (25°C) and preferably between about 32-45°F (0-7°C). This eliminates the need for additional additives for hydration control which may have an adverse influence on glass film quality or the magnetic properties of the silicon steel. To maintain the temperature range of the slurry, the magnesia is 1 0 maintained in an insulated vessel with refrigeration coils. The magnesia is mixed with cold water and never stored for prolonged periods of time. By maintaining this cold condition of the magnesia, the slurry does not hydrate to a significant degree which would interfere with the coating thickness or uniformity of the glass film. The temperature of the magnesia has a general relationship to the storage 1 5 life before hydration adversely affects the application of the coating.
The higher the temperature, the more quickly it must be used.
The particle size and citric acid activity of the magnesia for high permeability silicon steel plays an important role in the glass film quality.
The majority of the particles will have a CAA below 200 and preferably below 100.
2 0 The magnesia may contain up to about 45 % inactive magnesia which has a CAA
above 200 and typically from 500 to 5,000. Regular grain oriented silicon steel may use a magnesia with larger particle size and have more inactive magnesia.
The bulk density or packing factor of the dried magnesia coating is dependent on the particle size distribution and CAA to control the interactions with the 2 5 atmosphere and surface reactions on the steel. The degree of hydration will also influence the magnesia particles during drying. The amount of water of hydration will be reduced with larger particle sizes. Too coarse of particles will tend to settle out of the slurry and not undergo reaction with the silica during the final anneal. To avoid having a porous coating due to excess hydration and have a magnesia which may be applied as an aqueous slurry by dipping, spraying or metering rolls, all of these variables must be controlled. The magnesia coatings of the invention will produce a good glass film under these conditions and will eliminate the need for the sulfate and silicate additions required in prior coatings.
The chloride addition has another important consideration which has not 1 0 been addressed in the prior art. Laser scribing for domain refinement has become a required practice for high permeability grain oriented silicon steel.
The nature of the surface film has a considerable influence on the amount of energy from the laser which passes through the glass film and the amount of damage caused to the glass film during domain refinement. The present glass film 1 5 developed by the chloride additions of the present invention is controlled to provide a glass film which may be laser treated without surface damage. A
laser process such as taught in U.S. Patent No. 4,456,812 has been found to be very beneficial in providing domain refinement without damage to the glass film.
To evaluate the properties of glass film produced from a magnesia having 2 0 a chlorine addition using a compound of the invention, a series of experiments were conducted. Cold rolled strip of high permeability silicon steel having an AIN
inhibitor system was coated with a magnesia having MgCl2 of various amounts.
The results were compared to a magnesia having an addition of antimony sulfate as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,543,134 and are shown in TABLE 1. The 2 5 material was 0.23 mm in thickness, 76 mm in width and 305 mm In length.
The results are the average of 10 samples coated with Tateho A1120 magnesia with 5% Ti02. The samples were heated up to 1200°C in a 25% nitrogen-75%
hydrogen atmosphere with a 4°C dew point. The samples were soaked at 1200°C for 15 hours in 100% H2. After the final anneal was completed, the samples were scrubbed and stress relief annealed. The magnesia used had a chlorine level of 0.02 weight %.
%CI WATTSJLB WATTS/LB H-10 ADDIT~ WEIGHT % CORE LOSS CORE LOSS p~$~
1 ------------ 0.02 .397 .566 1925 Sb2(S04)3 +SbCi3 0.035 .392 .549 1938 2 0.065 .389 .531 1939 0.095 .396 .561 1931 --------------0.02 .397 .566 1925 MgCl2 0.035 .392 .548 1927 " 0.065 .398 .547 1940 3 0.095 .393 .533 1941 A comparison of the magnetic properties between the 2 additives to the magnesias indicate the magnesium chloride addition which adds about 0.015 to 0.075 % chlorine produces magnetic properties equal to or better than the same 3 5 level of chloride addition with the antimony sulfate within the range of about 0.03 to 0.10% total chlorine. It is clearly suggested that levels of chlorine up to 0.20%
should produce better magnetic properties with the magnesium chloride addition of the present invention based on the trend up to the 0.10% level. The higher the chlorine level, the more the magnesium chloride is preferred over the Sb chloride additives.
As part of the investigation, other samples were also evaluated for glass film quality using comparative evaluations on secondary coating adherence, oxidation resistance and Franklin resistivity measurements on the glass film.
These results are shown in TABLE 2.
PIiYSICAL GLASS FILM QUALITY
Franklin 1 5 Total Oxidation % Secondary Amps l~1 FLB;?lS,Zr~108 Coatin~p Flaking (ass Film 0.011 Good Fair , .506 0.031 Very Good Very Good .587 0.061 Fair Very Good .665 2 0 0.111 Poor Best .755 All chloride additions are MgCL2 , Mg0 has 0.011 % CI
All coating weights are about 6.4 gm/m2/side 0.23mm High Permeability Silicon Steel A preferred level of total chlorine has been determined to be about 0.015 to about 0.15%. A more preferred total level of chlorine is about 0.015 to about 0.12%, which provides a good balance of magnetic improvements with a glass film having good physical properties. The optimum total chlorine level appears to 3 0 be from 0.02 to 0.10%.
The resulting glass film must also permit laser scribing without coating damage. The laser scribing process of U.S Patent No. 4,456,812 provides improved domain refinement with the present glass films and avoids coating damage. The magnesia composition of the present invention provides improved optical characteristics for laser treatments. While any of the metals selected from the group of Mg, Ca, K or Na may be used alone or in combination, the use of Mg and Na are preferred. The magnesia may include up to 15 weight % Ti02 and preferably about 5 to 10% when added. Colloidal silica may also be added in amounts up to 10 weight %. For high permeability grain oriented silicon steel, the 1 0 level of silica is preferably about 3 to 7% and boron is preferably about 0.05 to 0.15%. Chromium is also an optional addition up to 15 weight %. Preferably the level is restricted to about 2.5 to about 5% when added.
The magnesias of the present invention may also be used for insulative coatings for regular grain oriented electrical steels. These magnesias may be 1 5 varied slightly to include up to about 20% phosphate additions with calcium phosphate additions preferred within the range of 4-15%, up to 15% chromium additions with 2-10% preferred, up to 10% silica with about 3-7% preferred and up to 0.15% boron with a preferred maximum of 0.10%.
The glass film formed from the magnesia may have an insulative coating 2 0 applied over the surface and the secondary coating will have good adherence.
The addition of the metal chloride in the present invention does not require a precipitation reaction with a solution of a silicate salt as claimed in U.S.
Patent No. 3,941,622. A magnesia-silica complex is not applied in the process of the present invention. TABLE 3 below shows the influence of the metal chloride 2 5 addition within the ranges of the invention for magnesium, calcium and sodium.
The permeability and core losses are dramatically improved by adding these levels of chlorides. The results also indicate that increasing calcium to the more preferred level for magnesium and sodium does not provide any additional benefit and, in fact, may cause a slight degradation in properties. While no data is provided for potassium, it is expected to behave similar to sodium in the levels required to obtain similar benefits. Both sodium and potassium tend to smooth the metal interface. Magnesium tends to be more neutral in this regard.
Calcium appears to improve adherence of the glass film. All of the metal chloride additives of the invention provide a level of chlorine which roughen the strip 1 0 surface. As stated previously, the chlorine also lowers the temperature of glass film formation. It is important to note that magnesias may have an inherent level of chlorine, such as 0.011% in the first example of TABLE 3. This chlorine level must be considered as contributing to the total level of chlorine reacting in the system. The minimum metal chloride addition to provide 0.01 % chlorine must be 1 5 adhered to regardless of the chlorine content of the magnesia. Part of the preferred higher chlorine contents may include chlorine from the magnesia in combination with the metal chlorides.
CHLORIDE ADDITIVES
Total Stress Relief ealed Laser Scribed Ann Additiye 1~r1 ~Q ~$ ~Y1?L~ W17/60 cw~~~ cwn~~~ m cw~g~ cw~g~
------ 0.011 .901 1.258 1.914 .835 1.141 MgCl2 0.041 .881 1.231 1.925 .802 1.081 MgCl2 0.071 .872 1.218 1.927 .793 1.070 NaCt 0.041 .874 1.225 1.923 .800 1.084 NaCI 0.071 .874 1.203 1.932 .786 1.048 CaCl2 0.041 .881 1.231 1.923 .802 1.084 CaCl2 0.071 .894 1.242 1.927 .804 1.079 Stress relief anneal at 1525°F, 2 hours, in 95% N2 -5%H2 The levels of the metal chloride required to improve glass film and magnetic properties appear to vary slightly depending on the metal selected.
The preferred maximum level of chlorine with calcium chloride appears to be lower 2 0 than with magnesium, sodium or potassium chloride additions. While the reason for this difference is not completely understood, the improved properties occur with a preferred calcium addition of about 0.015-0.07%. The preferred levels with the other metal chloride additions of the invention is about 0.015-0.10%.
These addition levels may be adjusted to compensate for the level of chlorine present in 2 5 the source of magnesia.
The present invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments but is to be understood that numerous modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. The appended claims are intended to cover all such equivalent variations as come within the true spirit and 3 0 ape of the invention.
Claims (47)
1. A magnesia slurry for coating cold rolled oriented silicon steels prior to a final high temperature anneal, said slurry being maintained below 25°C and consisting essentially of:
(a) magnesia with a majority of the particles having a citric acid activity less than 200 seconds;
(b) a total chlorine level in said magnesia of 0.01 to 0.20 weight % based on the weight of said magnesia with at least 0.01 weight % chlorine being from a metal chloride selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Na and K;
(c) 0 to 15 weight % TiO2;
(d) 0 to 10 weight % SiO2;
(e) 0 to 15 weight % Cr;
(f) 0 to 0.3 weight % B; and (g) 0 to 20 weight % phosphate.
(a) magnesia with a majority of the particles having a citric acid activity less than 200 seconds;
(b) a total chlorine level in said magnesia of 0.01 to 0.20 weight % based on the weight of said magnesia with at least 0.01 weight % chlorine being from a metal chloride selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Na and K;
(c) 0 to 15 weight % TiO2;
(d) 0 to 10 weight % SiO2;
(e) 0 to 15 weight % Cr;
(f) 0 to 0.3 weight % B; and (g) 0 to 20 weight % phosphate.
2. The magnesia slurry according to claim 1, wherein 5 to 10 weight % TiO2 have been added.
3. The magnesia slurry according to claim 1, wherein said magnesia slurry is maintained between 0 to 15°C.
4. The magnesia slurry according to claim 1, wherein said total chlorine level is from 0.015 to 0.15 weight %.
5. The magnesia slurry according to claim 1, wherein said metal chloride has been added in an amount to produce a chlorine level of 0.015 to 0.12 weight %.
6. The magnesia slurry according to claim 1, wherein said metal chloride has been added in an amount to produce a chlorine level of 0.02 to 0.10 weight %.
7. The magnesia slurry according to claim 1, wherein said metal chloride is selected from the group of Mg, Na and/or K and has been added in an amount to produce a total chlorine level of 0.015 to 0.10 weight %.
8. The magnesia slurry according to claim 1, wherein said metal chloride is Ca and has been added in an amount to produce a total chlorine of 0.015 to 0.07 weight %.
9. The magnesia slurry according to claim l, wherein 3 to 7 weight % SiO2 and 0.05 to 0.15 weight % boron have been added to said magnesia.
10. The magnesia slurry according to claim 1, wherein 2.5 to 5 weight % Cr have been added.
11. The magnesia slurry according to claim 1, which includes 0 to 0.15 weight % boron.
12. The magnesia slurry according to claim 1 or claim 11, wherein said phosphate addition is calcium phosphate in an amount of 4 to 15 weight %, said SiO2 content is 3 to 7 weight %, said Cr content is 2 to 10 weight % and said boron content is 0 to 0.10 weight %.
13. A method for producing an electrically insulative coating on oriented silicon steel, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) cold rolling said silicon steel into strip;
(b) providing a decarburizing anneal to reduce the carbon level of said strip to a level below 0.003 weight %;
(c) maintaining a magnesia slurry at a temperature from above freezing to 25°C;
(d) applying a magnesia coating having 0.01 to 0.20 weight % total chlorine with at least 0.01% being from a metal chloride addition selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Na and/or K and a majority of magnesia particles having a citric acid activity less than 200 seconds;
(e) drying said magnesia to remove excess water; and (f) providing a final high temperature anneal to form a glass film and develop improved magnetic properties.
(a) cold rolling said silicon steel into strip;
(b) providing a decarburizing anneal to reduce the carbon level of said strip to a level below 0.003 weight %;
(c) maintaining a magnesia slurry at a temperature from above freezing to 25°C;
(d) applying a magnesia coating having 0.01 to 0.20 weight % total chlorine with at least 0.01% being from a metal chloride addition selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Na and/or K and a majority of magnesia particles having a citric acid activity less than 200 seconds;
(e) drying said magnesia to remove excess water; and (f) providing a final high temperature anneal to form a glass film and develop improved magnetic properties.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein a laser domain refinement step is used after said final anneal.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein 0.015 to 0.15 weight % of the chlorine is added as a metal chloride selected from the group of Mg, Na, Ca and/or K.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein said magnesia slurry is maintained between 0 and 15°C prior to coating on said steel strip.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein said magnesia slurry has up o 45 %
inactive magnesia particles with a citric acid activity above 200 seconds.
inactive magnesia particles with a citric acid activity above 200 seconds.
18. The method of claim 13, wherein said magnesia slurry has up to 45 % of the particles with a citric acid activity of 500 to 5,000 seconds.
19. The method of claim 13, wherein said metal chloride in combination with a chlorine level present in said magnesia slurry provides a total chlorine level of 0.015 to 0.12 weight %
chlorine.
chlorine.
20. The method of claim 13, wherein said metal chloride in combination with a chlorine level present in said magnesia slurry provides a total chlorine level of 0.02 to 0.10 weight %
chlorine.
chlorine.
21. The method of claim 13, wherein said total chlorine is from 0.015 to 0.10 weight %
and said metal chloride is selected from the group of Mg, Na and/or K.
and said metal chloride is selected from the group of Mg, Na and/or K.
22. The method of claim 13, wherein said metal chloride is Ca and is added in an amount to produce a chlorine level of 0.015 to 0.07 weight %.
23. The method of claim 13, wherein said magnesia slurry includes:
(a) 0 to 15 weight % TiO2;
(b) 0 to 10 weight % SiO2;
(c) 0 to 15 weight % Cr;
(d) 0 to 0.3 weight % B; and (e) 0 to 20 weight % phosphate.
(a) 0 to 15 weight % TiO2;
(b) 0 to 10 weight % SiO2;
(c) 0 to 15 weight % Cr;
(d) 0 to 0.3 weight % B; and (e) 0 to 20 weight % phosphate.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein said steel is regular grain oriented silicon steel and said magnesia slurry includes 0 to 20 weight % phosphate and 0 to 0.15 weight % B.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein said magnesia slurry includes 4 to 15 %
calcium phosphate, 2 to 10 weight % Cr, 0 to 0.10 weight % B and 3 to 7 weight % SiO2.
calcium phosphate, 2 to 10 weight % Cr, 0 to 0.10 weight % B and 3 to 7 weight % SiO2.
26. The method of claim 23, wherein said steel is high permeability grain oriented silicon steel and said magnesia slurry includes 5 to 10 weight % TiO2, 3 to 7 weight %
SiO2, 2.5 to weight % Cr and 0.05 to 0.15 weight % B.
SiO2, 2.5 to weight % Cr and 0.05 to 0.15 weight % B.
27. A method for producing a glass film on oriented silicon steel strip, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a magnesia bath consisting essentially of magnesia particles with a majority of said magnesia particles having a citric acid activity less than 200 seconds, 0 to 15 weight % TiO2 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 10 weight % SiO2 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 15 weight % Cr based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 0.3 weight % B based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 20 weight % phosphate based on the weight of said magnesia, and a metal chloride selected from the group consisting of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride;
(b) maintaining said magnesia bath at temperature from above freezing to 25°C;
(c) applying an aqueous magnesia slurry from said bath to said strip;
(d) drying said magnesia slurry to remove excess water and provide a dried magnesia coating weighing about 6.4 grams per square meter, said dried coating having 0.01 to 0.20 weight % total chlorine based on the weight of said dried magnesia with at least 0.01 weight % based on the weight of said dried magnesia being from said metal chloride; and (e) providing a final high temperature anneal to form said glass film wherein said metal chloride seals said coating surface during said anneal to control grain growth inhibitors in said steel to stabilize secondary grain growth and develop improved magnetic properties.
(a) providing a magnesia bath consisting essentially of magnesia particles with a majority of said magnesia particles having a citric acid activity less than 200 seconds, 0 to 15 weight % TiO2 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 10 weight % SiO2 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 15 weight % Cr based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 0.3 weight % B based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 20 weight % phosphate based on the weight of said magnesia, and a metal chloride selected from the group consisting of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride;
(b) maintaining said magnesia bath at temperature from above freezing to 25°C;
(c) applying an aqueous magnesia slurry from said bath to said strip;
(d) drying said magnesia slurry to remove excess water and provide a dried magnesia coating weighing about 6.4 grams per square meter, said dried coating having 0.01 to 0.20 weight % total chlorine based on the weight of said dried magnesia with at least 0.01 weight % based on the weight of said dried magnesia being from said metal chloride; and (e) providing a final high temperature anneal to form said glass film wherein said metal chloride seals said coating surface during said anneal to control grain growth inhibitors in said steel to stabilize secondary grain growth and develop improved magnetic properties.
28. The method of claim 27, wherein said chlorine weight from said metal chloride in said dried coating is 0.015 to 0.15 weight % based on the weight of said dried magnesia.
29. The method of claim 27 or claim 28, wherein said magnesia bath is maintained between 0°C and 15°C.
30. The method of claim 27, wherein said magnesia particles include up to 45 weight inactive magnesia particles with a citric acid activity above 200 seconds.
31. The method of any one of claims 27 to 30, wherein said magnesia particles include up to 45 weight % inactive magnesia particles with a citric acid activity of 500 to 5,000 seconds.
32. The method of any one of claims 27 to 31, wherein said total chlorine level is from 0.015 to 0.12 weight % chlorine based on the weight of said dried magnesia.
33. The method of claim 27, wherein said total chlorine level is from 0.02 to 0.10 weight % chlorine based on the weight of said dried magnesia.
34. The method of claim 27, wherein said total chlorine level is from 0.015 to 0.10 weight % based on the weight of said dried magnesia and said metal chloride is selected from the group of Mg, Na and/or K chloride.
35. The method of claim 27, wherein said metal chloride is calcium chloride and is added in an amount to produce a total chlorine level of 0.015 to 0.07 weight %
chlorine based on the weight of said dried magnesia.
chlorine based on the weight of said dried magnesia.
36. The method of any one of claims 27 to 35, wherein said steel strip is regular grain oriented silicon steel and said magnesia bath includes 0 to 0.15 weight % B
based on the weight of said dried magnesia.
based on the weight of said dried magnesia.
37. The method of claim 36, wherein said magnesia bath includes 4 to 15 weight %
calcium phosphate based on the weight of said magnesia, 2 to 10 weight % Cr based on the weight of said magnesia, up to 0.10 weight % B based on the weight of said magnesia and 3 to 7 weight % SiO2 based on the weight of said magnesia.
calcium phosphate based on the weight of said magnesia, 2 to 10 weight % Cr based on the weight of said magnesia, up to 0.10 weight % B based on the weight of said magnesia and 3 to 7 weight % SiO2 based on the weight of said magnesia.
38. The method of claim 27, wherein said steel strip is high permeability grain oriented silicon steel and said magnesia bath includes 5 to 10 weight % TiO2 based on the weight of said magnesia, 3 to 7 weight % Si02 based on the weight of said magnesia, 2.5 to 5 weight Cr based on the weight of said magnesia and 0.05 to 0.15 weight % B based on the weight of said magnesia.
39. A method for providing a glass film on oriented silicon steel strip, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a magnesia bath consisting essentially of magnesia particles with a majority of said magnesia particles having a citric acid activity less than 200 seconds, 0 to 15 weight % TiO2 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 10 weight % SiO2 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 15 weight % Cr based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 0.3 weight % B based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 20 weight % phosphate based on the weight of said magnesia, and a metal chloride selected from the group consisting of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride;
(b) maintaining said bath at a temperature from above freezing to 25°C;
(c) applying a magnesia slurry from said bath to said strip;
(d) drying said magnesia slurry to remove excess water and provide a dried magnesia coating having from 1.8 x 10 -9 to 3.6 x 10 -8 moles chlorine per square centimetre per side of said steel with at least 1.8 x 10 -9 moles chlorine per square centimetre per side of said steel being provided by said metal chloride; and (e) providing a final high temperature anneal to form said glass film wherein said metal chloride seals said coating surface during said anneal to control grain growth inhibitors in said steel to stabilize secondary gain growth and develop improved magnetic properties.
(a) providing a magnesia bath consisting essentially of magnesia particles with a majority of said magnesia particles having a citric acid activity less than 200 seconds, 0 to 15 weight % TiO2 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 10 weight % SiO2 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 15 weight % Cr based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 0.3 weight % B based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 20 weight % phosphate based on the weight of said magnesia, and a metal chloride selected from the group consisting of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride;
(b) maintaining said bath at a temperature from above freezing to 25°C;
(c) applying a magnesia slurry from said bath to said strip;
(d) drying said magnesia slurry to remove excess water and provide a dried magnesia coating having from 1.8 x 10 -9 to 3.6 x 10 -8 moles chlorine per square centimetre per side of said steel with at least 1.8 x 10 -9 moles chlorine per square centimetre per side of said steel being provided by said metal chloride; and (e) providing a final high temperature anneal to form said glass film wherein said metal chloride seals said coating surface during said anneal to control grain growth inhibitors in said steel to stabilize secondary gain growth and develop improved magnetic properties.
40. The method of claim 39, wherein said chloride content is about 2.7 x 10 -9 to about 2.7 x 10 -8 moles chlorine per square centimetre per side of said steel.
41. The method of claim 39, wherein said chlorine content is about 2.7 x 10 -9 to about 2.2 x 10 -8 moles chlorine per square centimetre per side of said steel.
42. The method of claim 39, wherein said magnesia bath includes 0 to 0.15 weight %
boron based on the weight of said magnesia and said strip is regular grain oriented steel.
boron based on the weight of said magnesia and said strip is regular grain oriented steel.
43. The method of claim 42, wherein said magnesia bath includes 4 to 15 weight calcium phosphate based on the weight of said magnesia, 2 to 10 weight % Cr based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 0.1 weight % B based on the weight of said magnesia and 3 to 7 weight % SiO2 based on the weight of said magnesia.
44. The method of claim 39, wherein said magnesia bath includes 5 to 10 weight % TiO2 based on the weight of said magnesia, 3 to 7 weight % SiO2 based on the weight of said magnesia, 2.5 to 5 weight % Cr based on the weight of said magnesia, 0.05 to 0.15 weight % B based on the weight of said magnesia and said strip is high permeability grain oriented silicon steel.
45. The method of claim 39, wherein said dried magnesia coating is about 6.4 grams per square meter per side of said oriented silicon steel strip.
46. A method of improving glass film quality on a grain oriented silicon steel strip, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) applying to said steel strip a magnesia slurry at a temperature below 25°C, said slurry consisting essentially of a majority of magnesia particles with a citric acid activity below 200 seconds, 0 to 15 weight % TiO2 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 10 weight SiO2 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 15 weight % Cr based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 0.3 weight % B based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 20 weight phosphate based on the weight of said magnesia, and a metal chloride selected from the group consisting of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride;
(b) heating said steel to drive off excess water and dry said slurry; and (c) controlling chlorine content in said slurry to provide a dried magnesia coating having from 1.8 x 10-9 to 3.6 x 10-8 moles chlorine per square centimetre per side of said steel strip with at least 1.8 x 10-9 moles chlorine per square centimetre per side being provided by said metal chloride and the balance from the magnesia;
(d) providing a final high temperature anneal to form said glass film having improved optical properties for laser treatment wherein said metal chloride seals said coating surface during said anneal to control grain growth inhibitors in said steel, to stabilize secondary grain growth and develop improved magnetic properties.
(a) applying to said steel strip a magnesia slurry at a temperature below 25°C, said slurry consisting essentially of a majority of magnesia particles with a citric acid activity below 200 seconds, 0 to 15 weight % TiO2 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 10 weight SiO2 based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 15 weight % Cr based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 0.3 weight % B based on the weight of said magnesia, 0 to 20 weight phosphate based on the weight of said magnesia, and a metal chloride selected from the group consisting of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride;
(b) heating said steel to drive off excess water and dry said slurry; and (c) controlling chlorine content in said slurry to provide a dried magnesia coating having from 1.8 x 10-9 to 3.6 x 10-8 moles chlorine per square centimetre per side of said steel strip with at least 1.8 x 10-9 moles chlorine per square centimetre per side being provided by said metal chloride and the balance from the magnesia;
(d) providing a final high temperature anneal to form said glass film having improved optical properties for laser treatment wherein said metal chloride seals said coating surface during said anneal to control grain growth inhibitors in said steel, to stabilize secondary grain growth and develop improved magnetic properties.
47. The method of claim 46, wherein said dried magnesia coating has a weight of about 6.4 grams per square meter.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US40471489A | 1989-09-08 | 1989-09-08 | |
| US07/404,714 | 1989-09-08 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2024226A1 CA2024226A1 (en) | 1991-03-09 |
| CA2024226C true CA2024226C (en) | 2000-02-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002024226A Expired - Fee Related CA2024226C (en) | 1989-09-08 | 1990-08-29 | Magnesium oxide coating for electrical steels and a method of coating |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0416420B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2686455B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR0173781B1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9004444A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2024226C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69015060T2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2690841B2 (en) * | 1992-09-18 | 1997-12-17 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Annealing Separator for grain oriented electrical steel sheet for obtaining uniform high-strength glass coating and excellent magnetic properties |
| DE4409691A1 (en) * | 1994-03-22 | 1995-09-28 | Ebg Elektromagnet Werkstoffe | Process for the production of electrical sheets with a glass coating |
| JP3475258B2 (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 2003-12-08 | 株式会社海水化学研究所 | Ceramic film forming agent and method for producing the same |
| KR100245032B1 (en) * | 1994-11-16 | 2000-03-02 | 아사무라 타카싯 | Process for producing directional sheet excellent in glass coating and magnetic properties |
| US5840131A (en) * | 1994-11-16 | 1998-11-24 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Process for producing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having excellent glass film and magnetic properties |
| DE19750066C1 (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 1999-08-05 | Ebg Elektromagnet Werkstoffe | Process for coating electrical steel strips with an annealing separator |
| KR19990042456A (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 1999-06-15 | 성재갑 | Aerosol composition of hair treatment lotion and valve for injecting same |
| KR100435477B1 (en) * | 1999-12-27 | 2004-06-10 | 주식회사 포스코 | A method for manufacturing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having no surface defects and superior punching property |
| DE102008039326A1 (en) | 2008-08-22 | 2010-02-25 | IWT Stiftung Institut für Werkstofftechnik | Preparing electrically insulated electric sheet, to prepare laminated magnetic core, comprises coating one side of sheet using liquid mixture comprising hydrolyzed and condensed metal organic monomer, and heat treating coated sheet |
| CN102453793B (en) * | 2010-10-25 | 2013-09-25 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Annealing isolation agent used for preparing mirror surface-oriented silicon steel with excellent magnetic property |
| EP2814989A1 (en) | 2012-02-13 | 2014-12-24 | Solaronics S.A. | Cooling of coated sheet metal strip |
| MX2022005191A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-05-16 | Jfe Steel Corp | Grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet and method for manufacturing same. |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5231296B2 (en) * | 1973-06-07 | 1977-08-13 | ||
| US3841925A (en) * | 1973-09-12 | 1974-10-15 | Morton Norwich Products Inc | Magnesium oxide steel coating composition and process |
| US4032366A (en) * | 1975-05-23 | 1977-06-28 | Allegheny Ludlum Industries, Inc. | Grain-oriented silicon steel and processing therefor |
| BR7804962A (en) * | 1977-08-04 | 1979-05-08 | Armco Inc | PROCESS TO STABILIZE VISCOSITY AND INCREASE THE CONCENTRATION OF Aqueous MAGNESIA PASTE |
| JPS5441220A (en) * | 1977-09-09 | 1979-04-02 | Nippon Steel Corp | Manufacture of oriented electrical steel sheet with superior magnetic characteristics |
| JPS5466935A (en) * | 1977-11-09 | 1979-05-29 | Kawasaki Steel Co | Method of forming forsterite insulating layer in directive silicon steel plate |
| JPS54128928A (en) * | 1978-03-31 | 1979-10-05 | Nippon Steel Corp | Protective coating material for annealing of anisotropic silicon steel plate |
| JPS6096770A (en) * | 1983-10-28 | 1985-05-30 | Nippon Steel Corp | Preparation of oriented electromagnetic steel plate excellent in iron loss |
| EP0305966B1 (en) * | 1987-08-31 | 1992-11-04 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method for producing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having metallic luster and excellent punching property |
-
1990
- 1990-08-27 DE DE69015060T patent/DE69015060T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-08-27 EP EP90116384A patent/EP0416420B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-08-29 CA CA002024226A patent/CA2024226C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-09-06 BR BR909004444A patent/BR9004444A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-09-07 JP JP2235992A patent/JP2686455B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-08 KR KR1019900014201A patent/KR0173781B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR9004444A (en) | 1991-09-10 |
| EP0416420A3 (en) | 1992-11-19 |
| KR0173781B1 (en) | 1999-02-18 |
| CA2024226A1 (en) | 1991-03-09 |
| JP2686455B2 (en) | 1997-12-08 |
| DE69015060D1 (en) | 1995-01-26 |
| EP0416420B1 (en) | 1994-12-14 |
| EP0416420A2 (en) | 1991-03-13 |
| KR910006518A (en) | 1991-04-29 |
| DE69015060T2 (en) | 1995-04-27 |
| JPH03120376A (en) | 1991-05-22 |
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