CA2014488A1 - Method and apparatus for casting ingots of lead-alloy steel - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for casting ingots of lead-alloy steelInfo
- Publication number
- CA2014488A1 CA2014488A1 CA 2014488 CA2014488A CA2014488A1 CA 2014488 A1 CA2014488 A1 CA 2014488A1 CA 2014488 CA2014488 CA 2014488 CA 2014488 A CA2014488 A CA 2014488A CA 2014488 A1 CA2014488 A1 CA 2014488A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- discharge
- lead
- additionally
- discharge chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A distributor for the casting of ingots of lead-alloy steel includes two parts or chambers: the first, which receives the liquid metal directly from the ladle, referred to as the feed chamber (1), open or not open, and the second, connected to the first, closed and sealed off, of cylindrical-conical shape, is fed non-radially and referred to as discharge chamber (2).
The lead is added to the metal bath in the discharge chamber (2).
The rotary movement of the liquid mass, which is supported by the cylindrical-conical shape of the emptying chamber, results in a uniform distribution of the lead (Pb) in the liquid steel. The chamber bottom is inclined to avoid the formation of solidified deposits.
The lead is added to the metal bath in the discharge chamber (2).
The rotary movement of the liquid mass, which is supported by the cylindrical-conical shape of the emptying chamber, results in a uniform distribution of the lead (Pb) in the liquid steel. The chamber bottom is inclined to avoid the formation of solidified deposits.
Description
:
~4~
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method of casting ingots of lead-alloy steel using a distributor containing the molten metal in an open or closed feed chamber and a hermetically closed discharge chamber which are interconnected.
Backaround of the Invention 2 ~ ~4 High-speed steels have been known since the past century and were already used in the '30s in the United States;
increasing improvement in the technology for the manufacture thereof and expansion of areas of application has taken place since the '50s. Recently high-speed steels are being used to an ever greater extent particularly in the machine and automobile industries for the manufacture of parts which require high mechanical strength and are intended for machining. In the event that these parts are subjected to different machining operations, the steels used for their manufacture are considered suitable if they do not excessively wear down the cutting and roughing tools, permit an increase in machining speed as compared with normal steels and enable satisfactory final machining of the surface of the parts.
A steel having these properties requires the use of elements which are generally undesired in other steels, such as, for instance, sulfur, phosphorus, lead, nitrogen, etc. Among these elements lead assumes a special position.
In re-sulphurized steels (and even in non-re-sulphurized steels), added lead acts as internal lubricant and reduces tho friction between t~he cutting tool and the part machined. Furthermore, lead contributes to the formation of smaller chips and chips of smaller diameter. Two factors must, however, be mentioned which tends to cause problems in the ~ 4~
manufacture of lead-alloy steels, namely:
- the poor solubility of lead in the molten metal and consequently the difficulty of uniform distribution therein;
- the discharge of toxic gases in the metal mold, in particular, in the form of oxide as a result of the contact bet.ween the molten bath and the air during the casting resulting in a loss in efficiency and causing the ventilation systems to become more complicated and expensive.
In order to improve the conditions of the molten metal bath upon pouring into the molds, it has recently been proposed to use distributors. These distributors, however, represent a different problem for the steel mill personnel upon the addition of lead, as a result of the depositing of solidified material in the bottom of the distributor at the end of the respective casting process. Various attempts have been made to find a solution to this problem, but generally only partial solutions have been reached~ Among them, reference may be had to the proposal submitted by Nippon Steel Corporation under the title "Method for Continuous Casting of Lead-Containing Steels", which was the subject of Brazilian Patent Application No. Pl B8 00 949.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for improving the efficiency of the lead (Pb) and for drastically reducing the emission of toxic vapors from the metal bath into the atmosphere.
Summary of the Invention ~3~
This object is achieved in accordance with the apparatus and method of the present invention by a distributor in which the lead is always fed into the discharge chamber and uniformly mixed therein.
In contrast to the ~nown methods in which the lead is always added into the feeding chamber or an intermediate chamber, the method proposed herewith uses an entirely different concept in which the addition is effected always into the discharge chamber and into the bath which is present therein in rotary motion, whereby a surprisingly uniform mixture is achieved. This results in a better utilization of the lead due to the avoidance of the residual deposits occurring in the traditional distributors, and with the elimination of the problems with respect to purification, maintenance and environmental contamination. Furthermore, by the hermetically closed construction of the discharge chamber, which heretofore has not been present in other plants, the emission toxic vapors into the work area is completely eliminated.
Accordingly, the method of the present invention comprises providing a metallic steel bath in a first feed chamber and a second closed discharged chamber communicating therewith;
feeding the lead into the closed discharge chamber; homogenizing the steel bath and the lead in the second closed discharge chamber; and discharging the lead containing steel from said : . . : . . ~ -4~
discharge chamber. Preferably, the homogenizing step is performed by imparting a rotary motion to the bath in the discharge chamber due to the cylindrical shape of the discharge chamber wall as well as the particular location of the passageway connecting the feed chamber with the discharge chamber. Thus, the passageway is arranged between the two chambers and the connecting point of the passageway with the discharge chamber is located so that the molten material flowing from the feed chamber into the discharge chamber is imparted a circular or rotary motion within the discharge chamber.
The apparatus of the present invention comprises a first chamber; a second cylindrical chamber for the discharge of the lead-containing steel melt, the discharge chamber including a bottom and a discharge opening therein; means for closing the second chamber having an aperture therein; means connected to said aperture for adding lead to the second chamber; and means for connecting the first and second chamber. The means for connecting the first and second chamber is preferably formed by a passageway forming a non-radial connection between the first and second chambers and being located so that the molten metal, when flowing from the first to the second chamber, is imparted a rotary motion in the second cylindrical chamber.
Description of the Drawinas The invention is further described in detail with reference to the drawings showing two preferred embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention and in which:
Fig. 1 is a lateral cross-sectional view of the apparatus of a first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a top view of the apparatus according to Fig.
l;
Fig. 3 is a lateral cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention;
and Fig. 4 is a top view of the apparatus according to Fig.
1.
Detailed DescriPtion of the Presently Preferred Embodiments As shown in the drawings, the present invention includes the use of a distributor which is divided into two parts or chambers, namely: a feed chamber 1 and a discharge chamber 2, the latter having essentially a conical-cylindrical form, whether concentric or not. The feed chamber 2 can be open or closed for the better protection of the metal bath while the discharge chamber is always covered by a cover 3, in order to avoid direct contact of the bath with the atmosphere. Through an opening provided in the cover 3, a device 4 is introduced which serves to control the feeding of the lead 12 into the bath. The lead can be added in the form of grain, wire or any other form.
The discharge chamber 2 preferably operates in such a manner that its spatial content is utilized to the greatest extent. ~or this purpose the feed chamber 1 should haYe a correspondingly greater capacity, preferably two or three times that of the discharge chamber 2, so that the latter can be fed without problem and without interruptions. This is facilitated also by the fact that the feed channel 5 between the two chambers is larger than the opening 6 for the discharge of the liquid metal from the discharge chamber 2.
As mentioned above, the discharge chamber 2 is provided with a cover 3 which prevents the gasses from passing into the atmospher~. In this way, a compensating pressure is produced, which ~eads t~ a better uti~ization of the lead. Thi~
.
utilization can furthermore be improved by the fact that the discharge chamber is placed under pressure by the introduction of argon or some other noble gas through a valve 7. For the measurement and control of this pressure above the surface of the metal bath, specific known apparatus can be installed in the outlet tube 8 of the discharge chamber 2. For the elimination of deposits of solidified material on the distributor bottom, an inclination of the chamber bottom is preferably provided, as is shown in Figs. 1 and 3.
The essentially cylindrical shape of the discharge chamber 2 as well as the non-radial dimensioning and arrangement of the feed channel 5 place the liquid in a rotating movement, as a result of which a homogenization of the bath and the perfect distribution of the lead (Pb) is achieved. In this way, the use of a magnetic homogenizer, such as employed in the traditional methods, can be dispensed with.
In addition, in order to obtain the homogeneity of the metal bath present in the discharge chamber 2 and a better distribution of the lead (Pb) therein, argon or some other noble gas is introduced via another valve 9 present in the lower part of the discharge chamber 2, and/or the discharge chamber 2 can be provided with one or ore outlet OpQnings 11 (Fig. 3) which are connected with the outlet opening 6 so that a uniform pouring steam is obtained.
In accordance with the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, a rod lOa having stopper lOb with or without grooves, is used. The . - . : :: :
~ ~i J - h ~
monitoring of the flow of the metal bath through the discharge opening 6 can also be effected by means of a slide valve or some other type of known valve. Instead of the stopper rod, self-melting plugs can also be used. For the avoidance of reaction of the liquid metal with the atmosphere, the metal is preferably poured, surrounded by a protective atmosphere, through the opening 6.
While there have been shown and described and pointed out fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the device illustrated and in its operation may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is the intention, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the claims appended hereto.
~4~
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method of casting ingots of lead-alloy steel using a distributor containing the molten metal in an open or closed feed chamber and a hermetically closed discharge chamber which are interconnected.
Backaround of the Invention 2 ~ ~4 High-speed steels have been known since the past century and were already used in the '30s in the United States;
increasing improvement in the technology for the manufacture thereof and expansion of areas of application has taken place since the '50s. Recently high-speed steels are being used to an ever greater extent particularly in the machine and automobile industries for the manufacture of parts which require high mechanical strength and are intended for machining. In the event that these parts are subjected to different machining operations, the steels used for their manufacture are considered suitable if they do not excessively wear down the cutting and roughing tools, permit an increase in machining speed as compared with normal steels and enable satisfactory final machining of the surface of the parts.
A steel having these properties requires the use of elements which are generally undesired in other steels, such as, for instance, sulfur, phosphorus, lead, nitrogen, etc. Among these elements lead assumes a special position.
In re-sulphurized steels (and even in non-re-sulphurized steels), added lead acts as internal lubricant and reduces tho friction between t~he cutting tool and the part machined. Furthermore, lead contributes to the formation of smaller chips and chips of smaller diameter. Two factors must, however, be mentioned which tends to cause problems in the ~ 4~
manufacture of lead-alloy steels, namely:
- the poor solubility of lead in the molten metal and consequently the difficulty of uniform distribution therein;
- the discharge of toxic gases in the metal mold, in particular, in the form of oxide as a result of the contact bet.ween the molten bath and the air during the casting resulting in a loss in efficiency and causing the ventilation systems to become more complicated and expensive.
In order to improve the conditions of the molten metal bath upon pouring into the molds, it has recently been proposed to use distributors. These distributors, however, represent a different problem for the steel mill personnel upon the addition of lead, as a result of the depositing of solidified material in the bottom of the distributor at the end of the respective casting process. Various attempts have been made to find a solution to this problem, but generally only partial solutions have been reached~ Among them, reference may be had to the proposal submitted by Nippon Steel Corporation under the title "Method for Continuous Casting of Lead-Containing Steels", which was the subject of Brazilian Patent Application No. Pl B8 00 949.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for improving the efficiency of the lead (Pb) and for drastically reducing the emission of toxic vapors from the metal bath into the atmosphere.
Summary of the Invention ~3~
This object is achieved in accordance with the apparatus and method of the present invention by a distributor in which the lead is always fed into the discharge chamber and uniformly mixed therein.
In contrast to the ~nown methods in which the lead is always added into the feeding chamber or an intermediate chamber, the method proposed herewith uses an entirely different concept in which the addition is effected always into the discharge chamber and into the bath which is present therein in rotary motion, whereby a surprisingly uniform mixture is achieved. This results in a better utilization of the lead due to the avoidance of the residual deposits occurring in the traditional distributors, and with the elimination of the problems with respect to purification, maintenance and environmental contamination. Furthermore, by the hermetically closed construction of the discharge chamber, which heretofore has not been present in other plants, the emission toxic vapors into the work area is completely eliminated.
Accordingly, the method of the present invention comprises providing a metallic steel bath in a first feed chamber and a second closed discharged chamber communicating therewith;
feeding the lead into the closed discharge chamber; homogenizing the steel bath and the lead in the second closed discharge chamber; and discharging the lead containing steel from said : . . : . . ~ -4~
discharge chamber. Preferably, the homogenizing step is performed by imparting a rotary motion to the bath in the discharge chamber due to the cylindrical shape of the discharge chamber wall as well as the particular location of the passageway connecting the feed chamber with the discharge chamber. Thus, the passageway is arranged between the two chambers and the connecting point of the passageway with the discharge chamber is located so that the molten material flowing from the feed chamber into the discharge chamber is imparted a circular or rotary motion within the discharge chamber.
The apparatus of the present invention comprises a first chamber; a second cylindrical chamber for the discharge of the lead-containing steel melt, the discharge chamber including a bottom and a discharge opening therein; means for closing the second chamber having an aperture therein; means connected to said aperture for adding lead to the second chamber; and means for connecting the first and second chamber. The means for connecting the first and second chamber is preferably formed by a passageway forming a non-radial connection between the first and second chambers and being located so that the molten metal, when flowing from the first to the second chamber, is imparted a rotary motion in the second cylindrical chamber.
Description of the Drawinas The invention is further described in detail with reference to the drawings showing two preferred embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention and in which:
Fig. 1 is a lateral cross-sectional view of the apparatus of a first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a top view of the apparatus according to Fig.
l;
Fig. 3 is a lateral cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention;
and Fig. 4 is a top view of the apparatus according to Fig.
1.
Detailed DescriPtion of the Presently Preferred Embodiments As shown in the drawings, the present invention includes the use of a distributor which is divided into two parts or chambers, namely: a feed chamber 1 and a discharge chamber 2, the latter having essentially a conical-cylindrical form, whether concentric or not. The feed chamber 2 can be open or closed for the better protection of the metal bath while the discharge chamber is always covered by a cover 3, in order to avoid direct contact of the bath with the atmosphere. Through an opening provided in the cover 3, a device 4 is introduced which serves to control the feeding of the lead 12 into the bath. The lead can be added in the form of grain, wire or any other form.
The discharge chamber 2 preferably operates in such a manner that its spatial content is utilized to the greatest extent. ~or this purpose the feed chamber 1 should haYe a correspondingly greater capacity, preferably two or three times that of the discharge chamber 2, so that the latter can be fed without problem and without interruptions. This is facilitated also by the fact that the feed channel 5 between the two chambers is larger than the opening 6 for the discharge of the liquid metal from the discharge chamber 2.
As mentioned above, the discharge chamber 2 is provided with a cover 3 which prevents the gasses from passing into the atmospher~. In this way, a compensating pressure is produced, which ~eads t~ a better uti~ization of the lead. Thi~
.
utilization can furthermore be improved by the fact that the discharge chamber is placed under pressure by the introduction of argon or some other noble gas through a valve 7. For the measurement and control of this pressure above the surface of the metal bath, specific known apparatus can be installed in the outlet tube 8 of the discharge chamber 2. For the elimination of deposits of solidified material on the distributor bottom, an inclination of the chamber bottom is preferably provided, as is shown in Figs. 1 and 3.
The essentially cylindrical shape of the discharge chamber 2 as well as the non-radial dimensioning and arrangement of the feed channel 5 place the liquid in a rotating movement, as a result of which a homogenization of the bath and the perfect distribution of the lead (Pb) is achieved. In this way, the use of a magnetic homogenizer, such as employed in the traditional methods, can be dispensed with.
In addition, in order to obtain the homogeneity of the metal bath present in the discharge chamber 2 and a better distribution of the lead (Pb) therein, argon or some other noble gas is introduced via another valve 9 present in the lower part of the discharge chamber 2, and/or the discharge chamber 2 can be provided with one or ore outlet OpQnings 11 (Fig. 3) which are connected with the outlet opening 6 so that a uniform pouring steam is obtained.
In accordance with the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, a rod lOa having stopper lOb with or without grooves, is used. The . - . : :: :
~ ~i J - h ~
monitoring of the flow of the metal bath through the discharge opening 6 can also be effected by means of a slide valve or some other type of known valve. Instead of the stopper rod, self-melting plugs can also be used. For the avoidance of reaction of the liquid metal with the atmosphere, the metal is preferably poured, surrounded by a protective atmosphere, through the opening 6.
While there have been shown and described and pointed out fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the device illustrated and in its operation may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is the intention, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the claims appended hereto.
Claims (26)
1. A method of casting lead-containing steel comprising:
providing a metallic steel bath in a first feed chamber and a second closed discharge chamber communicating therewith;
feeding said lead into said closed discharge chamber;
homogenizing said steel bath and said lead in said closed discharge chamber; and discharging said homogenized lead-containing steel from said discharge chamber.
providing a metallic steel bath in a first feed chamber and a second closed discharge chamber communicating therewith;
feeding said lead into said closed discharge chamber;
homogenizing said steel bath and said lead in said closed discharge chamber; and discharging said homogenized lead-containing steel from said discharge chamber.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the homogenizing step is performed by imparting a rotary motion to said bath in said discharge chamber.
3. The method according to claim 1, additionally comprising the step of adding an inert gas to said bath.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein said inert gas is argon and said argon is injected into said bath while the bath is in rotary motion.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said lead is fed to said bath in the form of a wire or beads.
6. The method according to claim 1, additionally comprising the step of monitoring the addition and the discharge of said steel bath.
7. The method according to claim 1, additionally comprising the step of controlling said feeding of said lead to said discharge chamber.
8. The method according to claim 1, additionally comprising the step of adding one or more alloy elements to said metallic steel bath.
9. The method according to claim 1, additionally comprising the step of pressurizing said discharge chamber.
10. An apparatus for casting lead-containing steel comprising:
a distributor for containing a molten metallic steel bath comprising a first chamber (1): a second cylindrical chamber (2) for the discharge of said lead-containing steel, said discharge chamber (2) including a bottom and a discharge opening (6) therein;
means for closing said second chamber (2) having an aperture therein;
means connected to said aperture for adding said lead to said second chamber: and means (5) for connecting said first and said second chamber.
a distributor for containing a molten metallic steel bath comprising a first chamber (1): a second cylindrical chamber (2) for the discharge of said lead-containing steel, said discharge chamber (2) including a bottom and a discharge opening (6) therein;
means for closing said second chamber (2) having an aperture therein;
means connected to said aperture for adding said lead to said second chamber: and means (5) for connecting said first and said second chamber.
11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said connecting means is formed by a passageway forming a non-radial connection between said first and said second chambers and being located so that the molten metal when flowing from said first to said second chamber is imparted a rotary motion in said second cylindrical chamber.
12. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said first chamber has a bottom; said bottom of said first chamber and said bottom of said discharge chamber being inclined towards said discharge opening (6).
13. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said connecting means (5) has a cross-section larger than the cross-section of said discharge opening (6).
14. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the volumetric capacity of said first chamber (1) is greater than the capacity of said discharge chamber (2).
15. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said discharge chamber (2) has a lower part; and additionally comprising a valve (9) connected to said lower part of said discharge chamber for adding a stream of inert gas to said discharge chamber.
16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said inert gas is argon gas.
17. The apparatus according to claim 10, additionally comprising a valve (7) connected to said discharge chamber (2) for placing said chamber under pressure by said inert gas.
18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said inert gas is argon gas.
19. The apparatus according to claim 10, additionally comprising a conduit (8) for the discharge of gas from said discharge chamber (2).
20. The apparatus according to claim 10, additionally comprising a plurality of conduits (11) leading to said discharge opening (6).
21. The apparatus according to claim 10, additionally comprising a rod (10) having a stopper seated in said discharge opening so as to control the pouring of said molten steel.
22. The apparatus according to claim 10, additionally comprising a self-melting stopper in said discharge opening (6).
23. The apparatus according to claim 10, additionally comprising a slide valve for controlling the discharge of said molten metal.
24. The apparatus according to claim 10, additionally comprising means for providing a protective-gas atmosphere around and under said discharge opening (6) for the protection of said liquid metal.
25. The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein said protective gas atmosphere consists of an inert gas.
26. The apparatus according to claim 10, additionally comprising a lance connected to said discharge opening (6) for permitting the immersed pouring of ingots and for the protection of said liquid metal.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR8901760A BR8901760A (en) | 1989-04-13 | 1989-04-13 | PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR LEADING STEELS CONNECTED TO LEAD |
| BRPI8901760 | 1989-04-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2014488A1 true CA2014488A1 (en) | 1990-10-13 |
Family
ID=4046886
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2014488 Abandoned CA2014488A1 (en) | 1989-04-13 | 1990-04-12 | Method and apparatus for casting ingots of lead-alloy steel |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0393801A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1046482A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8901760A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2014488A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4218698C3 (en) * | 1991-06-10 | 1999-06-24 | Odermath Stahlwerkstechnik | Process for pouring a metallurgical melt and corresponding metallurgical vessel |
| US7112300B2 (en) * | 2002-02-05 | 2006-09-26 | Vesuvius Crucible Company | Ladle bottom |
| JP4049383B2 (en) * | 2004-04-02 | 2008-02-20 | 千住金属工業株式会社 | Molten metal pouring device and method for dispersing metal particles in solder |
| CN101209492B (en) * | 2006-12-26 | 2012-04-04 | 天润曲轴股份有限公司 | Tea pot type sealing spheroidization casting bag |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR95190E (en) * | 1965-11-15 | 1970-07-31 | Est Aciers Fins | Installation for continuous casting of steel. |
| ES408639A1 (en) * | 1972-05-25 | 1975-10-16 | Echevarria E Inland Steel Co S | Methood for adding lead to molten steel in a ladle |
| US4298377A (en) * | 1979-12-03 | 1981-11-03 | Union Carbide Corporation | Vortex reactor and method for adding solids to molten metal therewith |
| GB2096032A (en) * | 1981-04-07 | 1982-10-13 | Mitsubishi Steel Mfg | Continuously casting lead-containing steel |
| JPS63220953A (en) * | 1987-03-06 | 1988-09-14 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for continuously casting pb-containing steel |
-
1989
- 1989-04-13 BR BR8901760A patent/BR8901760A/en unknown
-
1990
- 1990-03-29 CN CN 90101758 patent/CN1046482A/en active Pending
- 1990-04-06 EP EP90250093A patent/EP0393801A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-04-12 CA CA 2014488 patent/CA2014488A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR8901760A (en) | 1990-10-30 |
| CN1046482A (en) | 1990-10-31 |
| EP0393801A1 (en) | 1990-10-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |